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<mods:title id="427F7324CAD8586BDA003BE7CE43615B">Orthoceratoid and coleoid cephalopods from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland with an updated taxonomic framework for Triassic Orthoceratoidea</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="B6AB6546FFA72C2A1301FBC7FB213782" box="[813,1230,1133,1158]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301FBC7FB213782" blockId="21.[813,1230,1133,1158]" box="[813,1230,1133,1158]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="A54681A1FFA72C2A1301FBC7FB213782" box="[813,1230,1133,1158]" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A1301FBC7FB283781" ID-CoL="C5HKH" authority="Munster, 1841" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1841" box="[813,1223,1133,1158]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Pseudorthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A1301FBC7FBC93782" bold="true" box="[813,1062,1133,1157]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Trematoceras elegans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFA72C2A1400FBC7FB283781" author="MUnster, G. G." box="[1068,1223,1134,1158]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref25706" refString="MUnster, G. G. (1841). Beschreibung und Abbildung der in den Kalkmergelschichten von St. Cassian gefundenen Versteinerungen [Description and illustration of the fossils found in the limey marls of St. Cassian]." type="book" year="1841">Münster, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B6AB6546FFA72C2A1301FB06FBA137C0" box="[813,1102,1199,1223]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301FB06FBA137C0" blockId="21.[813,1102,1199,1223]" box="[813,1102,1199,1223]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="668A2A48FFA72C2A1301FB06FC2337C0" box="[813,972,1199,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[167,198,1329,1349]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,239,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-262@7.[227,1361,236,1316]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2 Orthoceratoids from the Besano Formation (Middle Triassic) of the Monte San Giorgio,Ticino, Switzerland. A–H: Trematoceras cf. elegans (MÜnster, 1841). A PIMUZ 39056,partially fixed with silicon, bed 41. B PIMUZ 39487,bed 87. C-E PIMUZ 39586, sectioned specimen, bed 45. F–G PIMUZ 39029, bed 61. H PIMUZ 39064,bed 162" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12005108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12005108/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Figures 2A–H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="668A2A48FFA72C2A13FBFB06FBFA37C0" box="[983,1045,1199,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[167,198,1846,1866]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,679,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-137@22.[170,1417,675,1791]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9 Lectotype and paralectotype of Trematoceras elegans (MÜnster, 1841) from the Carnian of the Cassian Formation. A, C SNSB-BSPG AS VII 1014, lectotype. B, D–F SNSB-BSPG AS VII 1015,paralectotype. A External (lateral?) view. B Apertural view. C Longitudinal section. D Apical view. E Lateral view, venter right. F Ventral view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12005178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12005178/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">9A–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="668A2A48FFA72C2A140CFB06FBA137C0" box="[1056,1102,1199,1223]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[168,199,1719,1739]" captionTargetBox="[174,1412,240,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-49@23.[170,1417,236,1664]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 10 Reconstructions of non-ammonoid cephalopods from the Anisian of Monte San Giorgio. A Breviconoteuthis breviconus (Reis, 1907); B Mojsisovicsteuthis sp.; C Ticinoteuthis chuchichaeschtli gen. et sp. nov.; D Trematoceras elegans (MÜnster, 1841); F Enoploceras rieberi Pieroni, 2022" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12005216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12005216/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">10D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B6AB6546FFA72C281301FB58FDE63453" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301FB58FC64364E" blockId="21.[813,1437,1264,1929]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1841
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A134BFB58FB7F360F" authority="Munster" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1841" box="[871,1168,1265,1289]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Orthocera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A134BFB58FBC5360E" box="[871,1066,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthocera elegans</emphasis>
Münster
</taxonomicName>
; p. 125; pl. 14, fig. 2a–c 1843
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A135CFAB8FB02362E" authority="Freieslebense Klipstein" authorityName="Freieslebense Klipstein" box="[880,1261,1297,1321]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Orthocera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A135CFAB8FB95362E" box="[880,1146,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthocera Freieslebense</emphasis>
Klipstein
</taxonomicName>
; p. 143; pl. 9, fig. 4a–b
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301FAF8FC9036AE" blockId="21.[813,1437,1264,1929]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1843
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A134BFAF8FB73366E" authority="Klipstein" authorityName="Klipstein" box="[871,1180,1361,1385]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Orthocera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="politum">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A134BFAF8FBDD366E" box="[871,1074,1361,1385]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthocera politum</emphasis>
Klipstein
</taxonomicName>
; p. 144; pl. 9, fig. 6 1847
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A135FFAD8FB45368F" authority="Hauer" authorityName="Hauer" authorityYear="1847" box="[883,1194,1393,1417]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dubium">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A135FFAD8FBBD368E" box="[883,1106,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthoceras dubium</emphasis>
Hauer
</taxonomicName>
; p. 260–261; pl. 7, fig. 3–8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301FA18FC4A36EF" blockId="21.[813,1437,1264,1929]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1849
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A1347FA19FB8A36CF" authority="Munster" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1841" box="[875,1125,1456,1480]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Orthocera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A1347FA19FC1236CF" box="[875,1021,1456,1480]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orth. elegans</emphasis>
Münster
</taxonomicName>
–Quenstedt; p. 478–479; pl. 31, fig. 3–5
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301FA59FC4A354E" blockId="21.[813,1437,1264,1929]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1851
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A134BFA58FB55350F" authority="Eichwald" authorityName="Eichwald" box="[871,1210,1520,1544]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A134BFA58FBA0350F" box="[871,1103,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Trematoceras elegans</emphasis>
Eichwald
</taxonomicName>
; p. 124; pl. 1, fig. 3 1859
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A1340F9B9FB43352F" authority="Hauer" authorityName="Hauer" box="[876,1196,1552,1576]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceratites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A1340F9B9FBB4352F" box="[876,1115,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthoceratites dubius</emphasis>
Hauer
</taxonomicName>
–Stoppani; p. 112; pl. 24, fig. 1–4
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301F9F9FC94358E" blockId="21.[813,1437,1264,1929]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1867
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A1347F9F9FB2D356F" authority="(Hauer)" baseAuthorityName="Hauer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[875,1218,1616,1640]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dubium">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A1347F9F9FC0C356F" box="[875,995,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthoceras</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A143CF9F9FB8A356F" box="[1040,1125,1616,1640]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">dubium</emphasis>
(Hauer)
</taxonomicName>
–Beyrich; p.138, pl. 3, fig. 3
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301F939FADE35AF" blockId="21.[813,1437,1264,1929]" box="[813,1329,1680,1704]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1869
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A134BF939FB0935AF" authority="Mojsisovics" authorityName="Mojsisovics" box="[871,1254,1680,1704]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="campanile">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A134BF939FBB035AF" box="[871,1119,1680,1704]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthoceras Campanile</emphasis>
Mojsisovics
</taxonomicName>
; p. 590
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301F919FC8E340E" blockId="21.[813,1437,1264,1929]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1869
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A1349F919FB6435CF" authority="Munster" authorityName="Munster" box="[869,1163,1712,1736]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A1349F919FBC435CF" box="[869,1067,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthoceras elegans</emphasis>
Münster
</taxonomicName>
–Laube; p. 59; pl. 36, fig. 9 1869
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A1347F979FB5F35EF" authority="Klipstein" authorityName="Klipstein" box="[875,1200,1744,1768]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="politum">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A1347F979FBAC35EF" box="[875,1091,1744,1768]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthoceras politum</emphasis>
Klipstein
</taxonomicName>
–Laube; p. 60; pl. 36, fig. 8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301F8B8FC7B344F" blockId="21.[813,1437,1264,1929]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1873
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A1346F8B9FB63342F" authority="Hauer" authorityName="Hauer" authorityYear="1847" box="[874,1164,1808,1832]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dubium">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A1346F8B9FBAF342F" box="[874,1088,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthoceras dubium</emphasis>
Hauer
</taxonomicName>
–Mojsisovics; p. 3–4; pl. 1, fig. 4, 5
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA72C2A1301F8F9FB7F348F" blockId="21.[813,1437,1264,1929]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
1877
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA72C2A1358F8F9FB52346F" authority="Munster" authorityName="Munster" box="[884,1213,1872,1896]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA72C2A1358F8F9FBA3346F" box="[884,1100,1872,1896]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Orthoceras elegans</emphasis>
Münster
</taxonomicName>
–Barrande; Supplément, p. 65–66; pl. 483, fig. 4–15
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C2910BBFF42FE653224" blockId="22.[151,775,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1882
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C2910FAFF42FDBA3204" authority="Mojsisovics" authorityName="Mojsisovics" box="[214,597,235,259]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="campanile">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C2910FAFF42FE263204" box="[214,457,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Orthoceras campanile</emphasis>
Mojsisovics
</taxonomicName>
–Mojsisovics; p. 291; pl. 93, fig. 1–4, 11
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C2910BBFE82FEC63264" blockId="22.[151,775,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1882
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C2910FEFE82FDEE3244" authority="Munster" authorityName="Munster" box="[210,513,299,323]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C2910FEFE82FE703244" box="[210,415,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Orthoceras elegans</emphasis>
Münster
</taxonomicName>
–Mojsisovics; p. 291; pl. 92, fig. 10–12
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C2910BBFEC2FE0032A4" blockId="22.[151,775,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1882
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C2910FAFEC2FDF33284" authority="Klipstein" authorityName="Klipstein" box="[214,540,363,387]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="politum">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C2910FAFEC2FE403284" box="[214,431,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Orthoceras politum</emphasis>
Klipstein
</taxonomicName>
–Mojsisovics; p. 293; pl. 92, fig. 13–14; pl. 93, fig. 7–8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C2910BBFE02FEC332E4" blockId="22.[151,775,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1899
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C2910FFFE02FDA332C4" authority="Mojsisovics" authorityName="Mojsisovics" box="[211,588,427,451]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="campanile">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C2910FFFE02FE2C32C4" box="[211,451,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Orthoceras campanile</emphasis>
Mojsisovics
</taxonomicName>
–Tommasi; p. 16; pl. 2, fig. 1, 1a
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C2910BBFE42FF1E3124" blockId="22.[151,775,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1899
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C2910FEFE42FDFD3104" authority="Klipstein" authorityName="Klipstein" box="[210,530,491,515]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="politum">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C2910FEFE42FE483104" box="[210,423,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Orthoceras politum</emphasis>
Klipstein
</taxonomicName>
–Tommasi; p. 16; pl. 2, fig. 2, 2a
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C291301FF42FC203224" blockId="22.[813,1436,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1907
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C291342FF42FB193204" authority="Mojsisovics" authorityName="Mojsisovics" box="[878,1270,235,259]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="campanile">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C291342FF42FB8A3204" box="[878,1125,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Orthoceras campanile</emphasis>
Mojsisovics
</taxonomicName>
–Reis; p. 113– 114; pl. 1, fig. 1
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C291301FE82FB223264" blockId="22.[813,1436,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1952
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C291345FE82FB753244" authority="Munster" authorityName="Munster" box="[873,1178,299,323]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C291345FE82FBD83244" box="[873,1079,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Orthoceras elegans</emphasis>
Münster
</taxonomicName>
–Leonardi &amp; Polo; p. 8; pl. 1, fig. 1, 4, 9, 11, 12; pl. 2, fig. 51–52
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C291301FEC2FC0932A4" blockId="22.[813,1436,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1964
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C29135FFEC5FACE3284" authority="(Klipstein)" baseAuthorityName="Klipstein" baseAuthorityYear="1843" box="[883,1313,363,387]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="politum">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C29135FFEC5FBE83284" box="[883,1031,364,387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Trematoceras</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C291469FEC2FB743284" box="[1093,1179,363,387]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">politum</emphasis>
(Klipstein)
</taxonomicName>
–Sweet; p. K229; fig. 156, 4a
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C291301FE02FC5032E4" blockId="22.[813,1436,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1964
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C291344FE05FB0A32C4" authority="(Munster)" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[872,1253,427,451]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C291344FE05FC1332C4" box="[872,1020,428,451]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Trematoceras</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C29140FFE02FB9E32C4" box="[1059,1137,427,451]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">elegans</emphasis>
(Münster)
</taxonomicName>
–Sweet; p. K229; fig. 156, 4b–c
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C291301FE42FBB83124" blockId="22.[813,1436,235,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
1973
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C291346FE42FACC3104" authority="(Mojsisovics)" baseAuthorityName="Mojsisovics" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[874,1315,491,515]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Michelinoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="campanile">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C291346FE42FB673104" box="[874,1160,491,515]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Michelinoceras campanile</emphasis>
(Mojsisovics)
</taxonomicName>
–Rieber; p. 71–72; pl. 17, fig. 11, 26–27
</paragraph>
<caption id="AACE6645FFA42C29108BF89FFE563478" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12005178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12005178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12005178/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[167,198,1846,1866]" targetBox="[174,1413,679,1787]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA42C29108BF89FFE563478" blockId="22.[167,1421,1846,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C29108BF89FFF35344D" bold="true" box="[167,218,1846,1866]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</emphasis>
Lectotype and paralectotype of
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA42C2911D8F89FFCC3344D" authority="(MUnster, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[500,812,1846,1866]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C2911D8F89FFD4B344D" box="[500,676,1846,1866]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Trematoceras elegans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFA42C291281F89FFCC9344D" author="MUnster, G. G." box="[685,806,1846,1866]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refId="ref25706" refString="MUnster, G. G. (1841). Beschreibung und Abbildung der in den Kalkmergelschichten von St. Cassian gefundenen Versteinerungen [Description and illustration of the fossils found in the limey marls of St. Cassian]." type="book" year="1841">MÜnster, 1841</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Carnian of the Cassian Formation.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C2914B3F89FFB2C344D" bold="true" box="[1183,1219,1846,1866]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A, C</emphasis>
SNSB-BSPG AS VII 1014, lectotype.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C29112CF8F8FED53462" bold="true" box="[256,314,1873,1893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B, D–F</emphasis>
SNSB-BSPG AS VII 1015,paralectotype.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C2912AAF8F8FD7B3462" bold="true" box="[646,660,1873,1893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
External (lateral?) view.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C291370F8F8FC873462" bold="true" box="[860,872,1873,1893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
Apertural view.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C2913DDF8F8FC113462" bold="true" box="[1009,1022,1873,1893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
Longitudinal section.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C291495F8F8FB273462" bold="true" box="[1209,1224,1873,1893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
Apical view.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C291519F8F8FAAF3462" bold="true" box="[1333,1344,1873,1893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
Lateral view, venter right.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA42C29116FF8C2FEA13478" bold="true" box="[323,334,1899,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">F</emphasis>
Ventral view
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AACE6645FFA52C281084F91EFAB535E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12005216" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12005216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12005216/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[168,199,1719,1739]" targetBox="[174,1412,240,1660]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA52C281084F91EFAB535E2" blockId="23.[167,1370,1719,1765]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C281084F91EFF0835CC" bold="true" box="[168,231,1719,1739]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 10</emphasis>
Reconstructions of non-ammonoid cephalopods from the Anisian of Monte San Giorgio.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C2813CDF91EFC0035CC" bold="true" box="[993,1007,1719,1739]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA52C2813D8F91EFAD535CC" authority="(Reis, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Reis" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1012,1338,1719,1739]" class="Cephalopoda" genus="Breviconoteuthis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="breviconus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C2813D8F91EFB3935CC" box="[1012,1238,1719,1739]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Breviconoteuthis breviconus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFA52C2814F3F91EFADB35CC" author="Reis, O. M." box="[1247,1332,1719,1739]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="113 - 152" refId="ref26484" refString="Reis, O. M. (1907). Eine Fauna des Wettersteinkalkes, Nachtrag zu den Cephalopoden [A fauna of the Wetterstein limestones, supplement to the cephalopods]. Geognostische Jahreshefte, 18, 113 - 152. (in German)." type="journal article" year="1907">Reis, 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C28156EF91EFAA135CC" bold="true" box="[1346,1358,1719,1739]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA52C28108BF978FEB835E2" box="[167,343,1745,1765]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Xiphoteuthidae" genus="Mojsisovicsteuthis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C28108BF978FED735E2" box="[167,312,1745,1765]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Mojsisovicsteuthis</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C281171F978FE8535E2" bold="true" box="[349,362,1745,1765]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA52C281142F978FD8D35E2" authority="Pohle &amp; Klug, 2024" authorityName="Pohle &amp; Klug" authorityYear="2024" box="[366,610,1745,1765]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Ticinoteuthis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="chuchichaeschtli" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C281142F978FD8D35E2" box="[366,610,1745,1765]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Ticinoteuthis chuchichaeschtli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D7F657A4FFA52C28124BF978FD0735E2" box="[615,744,1745,1765]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C2812C2F978FD1235E2" bold="true" box="[750,765,1745,1765]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA52C28132DF978FBD635E2" authority="(MUnster, 1841)" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[769,1081,1745,1765]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C28132DF978FC5F35E2" box="[769,944,1745,1765]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Trematoceras elegans</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFA52C281396F978FBDC35E2" author="MUnster, G. G." box="[954,1075,1745,1765]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref25706" refString="MUnster, G. G. (1841). Beschreibung und Abbildung der in den Kalkmergelschichten von St. Cassian gefundenen Versteinerungen [Description and illustration of the fossils found in the limey marls of St. Cassian]." type="book" year="1841">MÜnster, 1841</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C28146DF978FBA335E2" bold="true" box="[1089,1100,1745,1765]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA52C28147CF978FAB535E2" authority="Pieroni, 2022" authorityName="Pieroni" authorityYear="2022" box="[1104,1370,1745,1765]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Tainoceratidae" genus="Enoploceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nautilida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="rieberi">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C28147CF978FB0735E2" box="[1104,1256,1745,1765]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Enoploceras rieberi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFA52C2814C1F978FAB535E2" author="Pieroni, V." box="[1261,1370,1745,1765]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref26133" refString="Pieroni, V. (2022). Middle Triassic Nautilida from the Besano Formation of Monte San Giorgio Switzerland. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 141, 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / s 13358 - 022 - 00263 - 1" type="journal volume" year="2022">Pieroni, 2022</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA52C2810BBF8B5FDE63453" blockId="23.[151,775,1820,1876]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
1991
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA52C2810FFF8B4FDC03433" authority="(Munster)" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[211,559,1820,1844]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C2810FFF8B4FE543433" box="[211,443,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Trematoceras elegans</emphasis>
(Münster)
</taxonomicName>
–Bizzarini &amp; Gnoli; p. 112; pl. 1, fig. 1–4; pl. 2, fig. 1–2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6AB6546FFA52C271301F8B5FD6B3024" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFA52C271301F8B5FD6B3024" blockId="23.[813,1436,1820,1877]" lastBlockId="24.[151,776,235,803]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C281301F8B5FC4A3433" bold="true" box="[813,933,1820,1844]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFA52C281301F8B5FC4F3433" box="[813,928,1820,1844]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Despite the long research history and its status as type species of
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFA52C28143BF894FB473453" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1851" box="[1047,1192,1853,1876]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFA52C28143BF894FB473453" box="[1047,1192,1853,1876]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Trematoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFA52C2814EBF895FAC63453" box="[1223,1321,1852,1876]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was never designated for
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C271115FF45FE4E3204" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[313,417,235,259]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C271115FF45FE4E3204" box="[313,417,235,259]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">T. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAA2C27119CFF45FDB73204" author="MUnster, G. G." box="[432,600,235,259]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref25706" refString="MUnster, G. G. (1841). Beschreibung und Abbildung der in den Kalkmergelschichten von St. Cassian gefundenen Versteinerungen [Description and illustration of the fossils found in the limey marls of St. Cassian]." type="book" year="1841">Münster (1841)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that the species was not rare in the Cassian Formation, but it is not clear how many specimens he had at his disposal, though he illustrated
<specimenCount id="E8B7FD44FFAA2C2711ACFEE2FDC03264" box="[384,559,331,355]" count="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
that can be considered as
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFAA2C2710C2FEC5FEA13283" box="[238,334,364,388]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
. Only the specimen on his pl. 14, fig 2c (SNSB-BSPG
<collectingCountry id="86A6765DFFAA2C271107FE22FEA432A4" box="[299,331,395,419]" name="American Samoa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">AS</collectingCountry>
<date id="8A0F100DFFAA2C27117DFE25FE4032A4" box="[337,431,395,419]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1014-07">VII 1014</date>
) has been sectioned to show the structure of the septal necks (
<figureCitation id="668A2A48FFAA2C2711CCFE02FDBB32C4" box="[480,596,427,451]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[167,198,1846,1866]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,679,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-137@22.[170,1417,675,1791]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9 Lectotype and paralectotype of Trematoceras elegans (MÜnster, 1841) from the Carnian of the Cassian Formation. A, C SNSB-BSPG AS VII 1014, lectotype. B, D–F SNSB-BSPG AS VII 1015,paralectotype. A External (lateral?) view. B Apertural view. C Longitudinal section. D Apical view. E Lateral view, venter right. F Ventral view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12005178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12005178/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9A, C</figureCitation>
). This specimen is thus best suited as
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFAA2C2711AAFE62FE0732E4" box="[390,488,459,483]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
and is here designated as such. Nevertheless, the specimen is strongly corroded and does not show cameral deposits. These are clearly visible in specimen SNSB-BSPG
<collectingCountry id="86A6765DFFAA2C27119FFD82FE3C3144" box="[435,467,555,579]" name="American Samoa" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">AS</collectingCountry>
<date id="8A0F100DFFAA2C2711F0FD85FDD23144" box="[476,573,555,579]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1015-07">VII 1015</date>
, figured on pl. 14, fig 2b in
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAA2C2710D9FDE5FE733164" author="MUnster, G. G." box="[245,412,587,611]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref25706" refString="MUnster, G. G. (1841). Beschreibung und Abbildung der in den Kalkmergelschichten von St. Cassian gefundenen Versteinerungen [Description and illustration of the fossils found in the limey marls of St. Cassian]." type="book" year="1841">Münster (1841)</bibRefCitation>
, which we designate as
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFAA2C2712B6FDE2FF293183" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="668A2A48FFAA2C2710F9FDC2FE8E3184" box="[213,353,619,643]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[167,198,1846,1866]" captionTargetBox="[174,1413,679,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-137@22.[170,1417,675,1791]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 9 Lectotype and paralectotype of Trematoceras elegans (MÜnster, 1841) from the Carnian of the Cassian Formation. A, C SNSB-BSPG AS VII 1014, lectotype. B, D–F SNSB-BSPG AS VII 1015,paralectotype. A External (lateral?) view. B Apertural view. C Longitudinal section. D Apical view. E Lateral view, venter right. F Ventral view" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12005178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12005178/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 9B, D–F</figureCitation>
). We do not designate the other specimens in Münster’s collection as
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFAA2C27122AFD22FD4B31A4" box="[518,676,651,675]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
, as their internal characters are unknown and accordingly, there is a small chance that these specimens represent separate species. Nevertheless, we think that it is likely that there is only a single species in the Cassian Formation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6AB6546FFAA2C2710BBFCE5FEEA3782" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFAA2C2710BBFCE5FEEA3782" blockId="24.[151,775,844,1157]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C2710BBFCE5FEE53063" bold="true" box="[151,266,844,868]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C271132FCE4FE5D3063" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1851" box="[286,434,845,868]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C271132FCE4FE5D3063" box="[286,434,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trematoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with expansion rate (ER) of about 5°, relative siphuncular size (RSS) of approximately 0.1 and relative cameral length (RCL) between 0.5 and 1.5. Septal necks very short, constricting siphuncle slightly at septal foramen. Lamellar cameral deposits present, arranged radially in petal-shaped sectors. Embryonic shell relatively large, up to
<quantity id="39499B28FFAA2C271279FBA4FD753723" box="[597,666,1037,1061]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
in diameter compared to an adult size of at least
<quantity id="39499B28FFAA2C271245FB85FD563743" box="[617,697,1068,1092]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
, possibly up to
<quantity id="39499B28FFAA2C271129FBE5FEBB3763" box="[261,340,1100,1124]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
(poor data). Endosiphuncular deposits unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6AB6546FFAA2C2710BBFB07FACD3284" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFAA2C2710BBFB07FACD3284" blockId="24.[151,775,1198,1926]" lastBlockId="24.[813,1436,235,387]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C2710BBFB07FF1537C1" bold="true" box="[151,250,1198,1222]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Material</emphasis>
:
<specimenCount id="E8B7FD44FFAA2C271125FB07FE7037C1" box="[265,415,1198,1222]" count="16" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">16 specimens</specimenCount>
from the
<location id="FB6E6016FFAA2C27123EFB07FD3337C1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:761887DBFFA72C261301FBC7FBEE3182:FB6E6016FFAA2C27123EFB07FD3337C1" box="[530,732,1198,1222]" name="Besano Formation" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Besano Formation</location>
are comfortably assigned to
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C27118FFB66FDD837E1" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1851" box="[419,567,1231,1254]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C27118FFB66FDD837E1" box="[419,567,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trematoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, e.g., due to visibly central siphuncle.
<specimenCount id="E8B7FD44FFAA2C271145FB47FDF83601" box="[361,535,1262,1286]" count="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">Two specimens</specimenCount>
were sectioned, one of them revealing septal necks, confirming the species assignment. The rest of the material was assumed to represent the same species due to the general low morphological variability. Further
<specimenCount id="E8B7FD44FFAA2C27119AFAC7FDA63681" box="[438,585,1390,1414]" count="19" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">19 specimens</specimenCount>
were only poorly preserved (e.g., as external moulds) but agree in cross section and expansion rate and thus, an assignment to
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C2710BBFA66FE9036E1" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[151,383,1486,1510]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C2710BBFA66FE9036E1" box="[151,383,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trematoceras elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assumed. In addition to the
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<specimenCount id="E8B7FD44FFAA2C2712E2FA67FEE63501" count="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C271135FA47FE413501" box="[281,430,1518,1542]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ 3770</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271195FA47FE1B3501" box="[441,500,1518,1542]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C271195FA47FE003501" box="[441,495,1518,1542]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3781</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2711D0FA47FE8D3521" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C2711D0FA47FDDD3501" box="[508,562,1518,1542]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">3782</specimenCode>
) already illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAA2C2710ECF9A7FEB23521" author="Rieber, H." box="[192,349,1550,1574]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref26613" refString="Rieber, H. (1973). Cephalopoden aus der Grenznitumenzone (Mittlere Trias)" type="book" year="1973">Rieber (1973)</bibRefCitation>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C27115EF9A7FD453521" box="[370,682,1550,1574]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">
we include
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C2711D3F9A7FD493521" box="[511,678,1550,1574]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ 30979</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271295F9A7FCE83521" box="[697,775,1550,1574]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C271295F9A7FD3B3521" box="[697,724,1550,1574]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">38</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C2712F4F9A7FCED3521" box="[728,770,1550,1574]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">255</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2710BBF987FF0A3541" box="[151,229,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C2710BBF987FF5D3541" box="[151,178,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">38</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C27109AF987FF0F3541" box="[182,224,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">348</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2710DFF987FEAF3541" box="[243,320,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C2710DFF987FEE13541" box="[243,270,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">38</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C27113EF987FED33541" box="[274,316,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">625</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271163F987FE4A3541" box="[335,421,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">38,651–</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271189F987FE1B3541" box="[421,500,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">38,654,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C27122EF987FDA03541" box="[514,591,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">38,669,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271272F987FD443541" box="[606,683,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">38,693,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271295F987FCE83541" box="[697,775,1582,1606]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">38,966,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2710BBF9E7FF0A3561" box="[151,229,1614,1638]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">38,993,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2710DBF9E7FEAB3561" box="[247,324,1614,1638]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">39,021,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C27117BF9E7FE403561" box="[343,431,1614,1638]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">39,024–</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271183F9E7FE193561" box="[431,502,1614,1638]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">39030,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271224F9E7FD8E3561" box="[520,609,1614,1638]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">39,056–</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C27124CF9E7FD483561" box="[608,679,1614,1638]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">39065,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271295F9E7FCE83561" box="[697,775,1614,1638]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">39,486,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2710BBF9C7FF0A3581" box="[151,229,1646,1670]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">39,587.</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2710C3F9C7FE1B35C1" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="38.651" location="CH" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="-38.654" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 3770, 3781, 3782, PIMUZ 30979, 38, 255, 348, 625, PIMUZ 29943" specimenCount="3">
<collectorName id="5344531BFFAA2C2710C3F9C7FE923581" box="[239,381,1646,1670]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Furthermore</collectorName>
,
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C2711A0F9C7FDC33581" box="[396,556,1646,1670]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ 29943</specimenCode>
is noted as loaned to the
<collectorName id="5344531BFFAA2C2710CFF927FEC135A2" box="[227,302,1678,1701]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Museo</collectorName>
dei fossili del
<collectorName id="5344531BFFAA2C2711FEF927FD4535A1" box="[466,682,1678,1702]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Monte San Giorgio</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="5344531BFFAA2C271294F927FCE835A1" box="[696,775,1678,1702]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Meride</collectorName>
(
<collectingCountry id="86A6765DFFAA2C2710B3F907FF2835C1" box="[159,199,1710,1734]" name="Switzerland" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">CH</collectingCountry>
) and was not investigated.
</materialsCitation>
<collectorName id="5344531BFFAA2C2711D0F907FDFC35C2" box="[508,531,1710,1733]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">In</collectorName>
total, this adds up to
<specimenCount id="E8B7FD44FFAA2C2710BBF967FEC335E1" box="[151,300,1742,1766]" count="36" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="generic">36 specimens</specimenCount>
from the
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<location id="FB6E6016FFAA2C2711B1F967FDC435E2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:761887DBFFA72C261301FBC7FBEE3182:FB6E6016FFAA2C2711B1F967FDC435E2" box="[413,555,1742,1765]" country="Switzerland" latitude="39.057" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="39.058" municipality="Besano Formation. Stratigraphic" name="upper Lower" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">upper Lower</location>
and middle
<collectingMunicipality id="1E6AACB7FFAA2C271294F967FE4C3401" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Besano Formation. Stratigraphic</collectingMunicipality>
distribution of the material: bed 41 (
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C271093F8A7FEB03421" box="[191,351,1806,1830]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ 29943</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271145F8A7FE593421" box="[361,438,1806,1830]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="39.057" location="upper Lower" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="39.058" municipality="Besano Formation. Stratigraphic" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 29943, 39, 056, 39,586, PIMUZ 3781, 39,486, PIMUZ 3782, 30,979, PIMUZ 3770, 39,024, 39030, 39,065, PIMUZ 38966, 38,993" specimenCount="36">
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C271145F8A7FE6B3421" box="[361,388,1806,1830]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">39</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C2711A4F8A7FE5D3421" box="[392,434,1806,1830]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">056</specimenCode>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271191F8A7FDFC3421" box="[445,531,1806,1830]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="39.057" location="upper Lower" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="39.058" municipality="Besano Formation. Stratigraphic" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 29943, 39, 056, 39,586, PIMUZ 3781, 39,486, PIMUZ 3782, 30,979, PIMUZ 3770, 39,024, 39030, 39,065, PIMUZ 38966, 38,993" specimenCount="36">
<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C271191F8A7FDE73421" box="[445,520,1806,1830]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">39,586</specimenCode>
),
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bed 45 (
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bed 47 (
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,
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),
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bed 61 (
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,
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–
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<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C2710BBF8C7FF343481" box="[151,219,1902,1926]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">39030</specimenCode>
,
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<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2710C5F8C7FED03481" box="[233,319,1902,1926]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="39.057" location="upper Lower" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="39.058" municipality="Besano Formation. Stratigraphic" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 29943, 39, 056, 39,586, PIMUZ 3781, 39,486, PIMUZ 3782, 30,979, PIMUZ 3770, 39,024, 39030, 39,065, PIMUZ 38966, 38,993" specimenCount="36">
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),
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bed 69 (
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,
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<specimenCode id="AE179EB6FFAA2C271275F8C7FD4B3481" box="[601,676,1902,1926]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">38,993</specimenCode>
),
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<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271296F8C7FCE83481" box="[698,775,1902,1926]" collectionCode="PIMUZ" country="Switzerland" latitude="39.057" location="upper Lower" longLatPrecision="70" longitude="39.058" municipality="Besano Formation. Stratigraphic" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="PIMUZ 29943, 39, 056, 39,586, PIMUZ 3781, 39,486, PIMUZ 3782, 30,979, PIMUZ 3770, 39,024, 39030, 39,065, PIMUZ 38966, 38,993" specimenCount="36">bed 72</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271301FF42FC363204" box="[813,985,235,259]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
(
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C271318FF42FC663204" box="[820,905,235,259]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
38255,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2713CDFF42FBC13204" box="[993,1070,235,259]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">38,348,</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C27141AFF42FB623204" box="[1078,1165,235,259]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">38,625),</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2714B9FF42FA733204" box="[1173,1436,235,259]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
bed 74 (
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C2714C3FF42FAAB3204" box="[1263,1348,235,259]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
39021),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271301FEA2FBD53224" box="[813,1082,267,291]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
bed 83, (
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C2713A0FEA2FC0E3224" box="[908,993,267,291]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
38693),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C27146EFEA2FAA63224" box="[1090,1353,267,291]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
bed 88 (
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C2714B0FEA2FB1E3224" box="[1180,1265,267,291]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
39059),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C27157DFEA2FC303244" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
bed 94 (
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C271318FE82FC663244" box="[820,905,299,323]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
39060),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2713CAFE82FB063244" box="[998,1257,299,323]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
bed 98 (
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C271410FE82FB7E3244" box="[1084,1169,299,323]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
38651–
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2714C5FE82FC0A3264" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
38,654), bed 100 (
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C271318FEE2FC663264" box="[820,905,331,355]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
38669),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C2713DCFEE2FAE83264" box="[1008,1287,331,355]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
bed 104 (
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C271472FEE2FB5C3264" box="[1118,1203,331,355]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
39061,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C27153EFEE2FA873264" box="[1298,1384,331,355]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">39,062),</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C271558FEE2FBE23284" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
bed 148 (
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C27134DFEC2FC593284" box="[865,950,363,387]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
39063),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="4ED93C90FFAA2C27143FFEC2FACD3284" box="[1043,1314,363,387]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
bed 162 (
<collectionCode id="98A0AE08FFAA2C27145AFEC2FB243284" box="[1142,1227,363,387]" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/25wz-z17r" name="Palaontologisches Institut und Museum der Universitat Zurich" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">PIMUZ</collectionCode>
39064).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6AB6546FFAA2C271301FE05FAC43062" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFAA2C271301FE05FAC43062" blockId="24.[813,1437,428,869]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C271301FE05FC5932C3" bold="true" box="[813,950,428,452]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Description</emphasis>
: The specimens from Monte San Giorgio are either preserved as internal moulds of phragmocones or body chambers, or as external moulds, leaving essentially a hollow tube in the matrix. The conch is virtually straight with circular cross section. The apertural diameter of the fragments is on average 14.0 mm. The largest specimens, PIMUZ 38348 and 38625 (both from bed 72), have an apertural diameter of
<quantity id="39499B28FFAA2C271457FD25FB2431A3" box="[1147,1227,652,676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
, while the smallest specimen, PIMUZ 38693 from bed 83, reaches from
<quantity id="39499B28FFAA2C27155DFD04FC9F31E3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 4 mm</quantity>
. External moulds are usually preserved over a considerable length up to
<quantity id="39499B28FFAA2C27140CFD44FB953003" box="[1056,1146,749,773]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.83" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="183.0">183 mm</quantity>
(PIMUZ 3782, bed 47; see
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAA2C271301FCA4FC593022" author="Rieber, H." box="[813,950,781,805]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref26613" refString="Rieber, H. (1973). Cephalopoden aus der Grenznitumenzone (Mittlere Trias)" type="book" year="1973">Rieber, 1973</bibRefCitation>
), while internal moulds are usually broken into shorter fragments. The expansion rate remains constant within te same specimen, on average 4.9°.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6AB6546FFAA2C261301FC27FBAE3124" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFAA2C261301FC27FEB63284" blockId="24.[813,1437,910,1926]" lastBlockId="25.[151,776,235,1923]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C271301FC27FC7C30A1" bold="true" box="[813,915,910,934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Remarks</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAA2C271385FC27FBA930A1" author="Rieber, H." box="[937,1094,910,934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref26613" refString="Rieber, H. (1973). Cephalopoden aus der Grenznitumenzone (Mittlere Trias)" type="book" year="1973">Rieber (1973)</bibRefCitation>
considered only the species “
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C27131AFC07FB3230C1" authority="(Hauer, 1847)" baseAuthorityName="Hauer" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[822,1245,942,966]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Michelinoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="dubium">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C27131AFC07FC3630C1" box="[822,985,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Michelinoceras</emphasis>
”
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C2713C7FC07FBAF30C1" box="[1003,1088,942,966]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">dubium</emphasis>
(Hauer, 1847)
</taxonomicName>
and “
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C271532FC06FCBA30E1" baseAuthorityName="Mojsisovics" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Michelinoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="campanile">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C271532FC06FAD930C1" box="[1310,1334,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">M</emphasis>
.”
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C271565FC06FCBA30E1" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">campanile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as possible candidates for the material from the Besano Formation (both differing only in the length of the body chamber and septal spacing) and assigned all material to the latter species. Because he did not section any specimens, his taxonomic identifications are uncertain, as
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAA2C271367FBC7FBCE3781" author="Schastlivceva, N. P." box="[843,1057,1134,1158]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="76 - 82" refId="ref26976" refString="Schastlivceva, N. P. (1981). O sistematicheskom polozhenii triasovykh ortozeratoidej yuga SSSR [On the systematic position of Triassic orthoceratoids from the southern USSR]. Byulleten' Moskovskogo obshestva ispytatelej prirody. Otdel Geologicheskij, 56, 76 - 82. (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1981">Schastlivceva (1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAA2C27141CFBC7FB8B3781" author="Schastlivceva, N. P." box="[1072,1124,1134,1158]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="122 - 129" refId="ref27027" refString="Schastlivceva, N. P. (1986). Nekotorye triasovye ortozeratidy i nautilidy Severo- Vostoka SSSR [Some Triassic orthoceratoids and nautilids from the northeastern USSR]. Byulleten' Moskovskogo obshestva ispytatelej prirody. Otdel Geologicheskij, 61, 122 - 129. (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAA2C27145FFBC7FB483781" author="Schastlivceva, N. P." box="[1139,1191,1134,1158]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref27077" refString="Schastlivceva, N. P. (1988). Triasovye ortozeratidy i nautilidy SSSR [Triassic orthoceratoids and nautiloids of the USSR]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 229, 1 - 104. (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
) showed that internal characters set apart the genera. The specimen sectioned here (PIMUZ 39586,
<figureCitation id="668A2A48FFAA2C271435FB07FB6937C1" box="[1049,1158,1198,1222]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[167,198,1329,1349]" captionTargetBox="[230,1358,239,1313]" captionTargetId="figure-262@7.[227,1361,236,1316]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 2 Orthoceratoids from the Besano Formation (Middle Triassic) of the Monte San Giorgio,Ticino, Switzerland. A–H: Trematoceras cf. elegans (MÜnster, 1841). A PIMUZ 39056,partially fixed with silicon, bed 41. B PIMUZ 39487,bed 87. C-E PIMUZ 39586, sectioned specimen, bed 45. F–G PIMUZ 39029, bed 61. H PIMUZ 39064,bed 162" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12005108" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12005108/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 2D, E</figureCitation>
) confirms an assignment to
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C271360FB66FC0F37E1" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1851" box="[844,992,1231,1254]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C271360FB66FC0F37E1" box="[844,992,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trematoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Due to the poor data on most species of
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C271364FB46FC333601" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1851" box="[840,988,1263,1286]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C271364FB46FC333601" box="[840,988,1263,1286]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trematoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is challenging to differentiate between the about 50 species of Triassic orthoceratoids that have been established to date. Internal characters are missing entirely for many Triassic orthoceratoids (listed under “
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C2713ADFAC7FC163681" baseAuthorityName="Sweet" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[897,1017,1390,1414]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C2713ADFAC7FC163681" box="[897,1017,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Orthoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in
<tableCitation id="B3330376FFAA2C271402FAC7FB6F3681" box="[1070,1152,1390,1414]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[151,209,238,260]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1 List of all previously described Triassic orthoceratoid species" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Table 1</tableCitation>
), and intraspecific variation has typically not been investigated. As the
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAA2C271567FA26FC9636C1" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1851" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAA2C271567FA26FC9636C1" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Trematoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphotype seems to represent the majority of the known trematoceratids, it is likely that many of them belong to this genus (
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAA2C271409FA47FB123501" author="Schastlivceva, N. P." box="[1061,1277,1518,1542]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 104" refId="ref27077" refString="Schastlivceva, N. P. (1988). Triasovye ortozeratidy i nautilidy SSSR [Triassic orthoceratoids and nautiloids of the USSR]. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Trudy Paleontologicheskogo Instituta, 229, 1 - 104. (in Russian)." type="journal article" year="1988">Schastlivceva, 1988</bibRefCitation>
). However, at the same time it is also likely that many species represent junior synonyms. Externally, they are all very similar and it is doubtful whether slight variation in the spacing or coarseness of the growth lines justify species separation. It is probable that cameral and endosiphuncular deposits provide additional insights, but knowledge on them is very patchy. There may also be some variation in the length and shape of the septal necks, but they have similarly rarely been investigated. It is furthermore problematic that many species are only available as drawings in old monographs and the original
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFAA2C2714B0F8E7FB243461" box="[1180,1227,1870,1894]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">type</typeStatus>
material has never been photographed and published (as exemplary shown for the
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFAB2C2610D4FF45FEC83203" box="[248,295,236,260]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
species). These species are thus mostly known from short descriptions that are insufficient from a modern taxonomic perspective. Indeed, it is quite possible that some
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFAB2C261164FEE5FE983263" box="[328,375,332,356]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
specimens will prove to be difficult to find or are lost.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFAB2C261081FE25FEE03684" blockId="25.[151,776,235,1923]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C261081FE25FEF532A4" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[173,282,395,419]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C261081FE25FEF532A4" box="[173,282,395,419]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been differentiated from other species by its apical angle, the length of its body chamber, cameral spacing, or details in the ornamentation. However, as elaborated above, the variation of most of these characters is so poorly known that the utility of these characters in differentiating between species is doubtful. Already
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAB2C2610BBFDE2FEB33164" author="Quenstedt, F. A." box="[151,348,587,611]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref26387" refString="Quenstedt, F. A. (1849). Petrefactenkunde Deutschlands, 1. Abteilung, 1. Band: Cephalopoden [Palaeontology of Germany, 1 st section, 1 st volume: cephalopods]. TUbingen: Ludwig Friedrich Fues (in German)." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt (1849)</bibRefCitation>
was of the opinion that
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C2612A5FDE2FEDB3184" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
“
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C2612BCFDE2FCEF3164" box="[656,768,587,611]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Orthocera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="genus">Orthocera</taxonomicName>
” freieslebenense
</emphasis>
Klipstein, 1843 was identical with
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C2612EEFDC5FF2831A4" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C2612EEFDC5FF2831A4" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as according to him, it was based on taphonomic features. This opinion appears to have been accepted by others, as the species has not been studied since then. According to
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAB2C26111DFD42FE1D3004" author="Quenstedt, F. A." box="[305,498,747,771]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref26387" refString="Quenstedt, F. A. (1849). Petrefactenkunde Deutschlands, 1. Abteilung, 1. Band: Cephalopoden [Palaeontology of Germany, 1 st section, 1 st volume: cephalopods]. TUbingen: Ludwig Friedrich Fues (in German)." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt (1849)</bibRefCitation>
, the species
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C2612A8FD45FEAF3024" authority="Klipstein, 1843" authorityName="Klipstein" authorityYear="1843" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Orthocera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ellipticus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C2612A8FD45FCE93004" box="[644,774,747,771]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O. ellipticus</emphasis>
Klipstein, 1843
</taxonomicName>
(preoccupied by
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C26123DFCA5FF223044" authority="Munster, 1840" authorityName="Munster" authorityYear="1840" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Orthocera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="ellipticus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C26123DFCA5FD773024" box="[529,664,779,803]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O. ellipticus</emphasis>
Münster, 1840
</taxonomicName>
, thus replaced by
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C2611B6FC85FD163044" authority="d'Orbigny, 1850" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1850" box="[410,761,811,835]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Orthocera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="subellipticus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C2611B6FC85FDAD3044" box="[410,578,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O. subellipticus</emphasis>
d’Orbigny, 1850
</taxonomicName>
), characterised by an elliptical cross section, represents deformed body chambers of
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C2611CFFCC5FDBF3084" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[483,592,875,899]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C2611CFFCC5FDBF3084" box="[483,592,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although other authors treated
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C26116DFC25FE0A30A4" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1850" box="[321,485,907,931]" class="Globothalamea" family="Spiroplectamminidae" genus="Orthocera" kingdom="Chromista" order="Lituolida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Foraminifera" rank="species" species="subellipticus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C26116DFC25FE0A30A4" box="[321,485,907,931]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">O. subellipticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAB2C2612A5FC22FF3230C4" author="Mojsisovics, E. von" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref25449" refString="Mojsisovics, E. von (1882). Die Cephalopoden der mediterranen Triasprovinz [The cephalopods of the mediterranean Triassic province]. K. K. Geologische Reichsanstalt: Vienna. (in German)." type="book" year="1882">Mojsisovics (1882)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C2611A0FC05FE1730C4" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[396,504,939,963]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C2611A0FC05FE1730C4" box="[396,504,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C26121AFC05FEC230E4" authority="Mojsisovics, 1869" authorityName="Mojsisovics" authorityYear="1869" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Michelinoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="campanile">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C26121AFC05FD2930C4" box="[566,710,939,963]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. campanile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAB2C2612FDFC02FEC230E4" author="Mojsisovics, E. von" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref25359" refString="Mojsisovics, E. von (1869). Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Cephalopoden-Fauna" type="book" year="1869">Mojsisovics, 1869</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
differ only in the smaller size of the latter and that intermediate specimens would invalidate the latter species. This was corroborated by Leonardi and Polo (1952), who reported intermediately sized trematoceratids from the Cassian Formation, arguing that the two species cannot be reliably separated. The trematoceratids from the Besano Formation appear to be closer in size to other Anisian specimens. However, according to
<bibRefCitation id="9A204B3CFFAB2C2612ECFB02FEF537E4" author="Quenstedt, F. A." pageId="25" pageNumber="26" refId="ref26387" refString="Quenstedt, F. A. (1849). Petrefactenkunde Deutschlands, 1. Abteilung, 1. Band: Cephalopoden [Palaeontology of Germany, 1 st section, 1 st volume: cephalopods]. TUbingen: Ludwig Friedrich Fues (in German)." type="book" year="1849">Quenstedt (1849)</bibRefCitation>
, specimens with a “7/
<quantity id="39499B28FFAB2C261220FB62FDBF37E4" box="[524,592,1227,1251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="in" value="4.0">4 inch</quantity>
diameter” (
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C2612F8FB62FD0937E4" bold="true" box="[724,742,1227,1251]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">=</emphasis>
ca.
<quantity id="39499B28FFAB2C2610BBFB42FF033604" box="[151,236,1259,1283]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 cm</quantity>
) occur as well in the Cassian Formation. Similar sizes have been reported from slightly younger orthoceratoids from
<collectingCountry id="86A6765DFFAB2C26116AFA82FE7A3644" box="[326,405,1323,1347]" name="Austria" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Austria</collectingCountry>
by Hauer (1847). Generally, the size data is so poor that it does not allow for a species separation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFAB2C261081FA25FBAE3124" blockId="25.[151,776,235,1923]" lastBlockId="25.[813,1437,235,547]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
We cannot find any convincing argument for splitting the alpine species of
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C261192FA05FDBD36C4" authorityName="Eichwald" authorityYear="1851" box="[446,594,1452,1475]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C261192FA05FDBD36C4" box="[446,594,1452,1475]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trematoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into more than one species. While we do not rule out the possibility of several sympatric species, the current species do not reflect natural units, because they were defined based on features that are either known to be variable within the same locality or even within a single specimen, or else are unknown in a lot of specimens. Conversely, characters that might carry some diagnostic value such as those of the siphuncle are poorly known. Therefore, in our opinion, the best approach is to provisionally accept only the
<typeStatus id="210A886FFFAB2C2610BBF945FF293403" box="[151,198,1772,1796]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C261105F945FE7D3404" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[297,402,1771,1795]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C261105F945FE7D3404" box="[297,402,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as valid until more data becomes available. Species not included in the synonymy list are therefore regarded as nomina dubia (compare species listed as “
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C26112AF8E2FE913464" baseAuthorityName="Sweet" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[262,382,1867,1891]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C26112AF8E2FE913464" box="[262,382,1867,1891]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Orthoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in Table 3). Norian and Rhaetian orthoceratoids from the alps are poorly known for the most part and currently, we cannot confirm their assignment to
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C2613A6FEA5FC1B3224" baseAuthorityName="MUnster" baseAuthorityYear="1841" box="[906,1012,267,291]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C2613A6FEA5FC1B3224" box="[906,1012,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">T. elegans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C26142EFEA5FAC43224" baseAuthorityName="von Mojsisovics" baseAuthorityYear="1873" box="[1026,1323,267,291]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Trematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="triadicum">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C26142EFEA5FB793224" box="[1026,1174,268,291]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Trematoceras</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C261492FEA2FAC43224" box="[1214,1323,267,291]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">triadicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described by Jeletzky and Zapfe (1967) appears to have slightly longer septal necks and a wider siphuncle, but the limited data make it impossible to judge whether this is within the range of intraspecific variation. Of the alpine orthoceratoids where internal characters are known, only “
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C26131AFE62FB3E32E4" authority="Hauer, 1846" authorityName="Hauer" authorityYear="1846" box="[822,1233,459,483]" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Orthoceras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="salinarium">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C26131AFE62FC4132E4" box="[822,942,459,483]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Orthoceras</emphasis>
”
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C2613E9FE62FBD332E4" box="[965,1084,459,483]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">salinarium</emphasis>
Hauer, 1846
</taxonomicName>
appears to differ in a narrower siphuncle, which is here assigned to
<taxonomicName id="39B14D4EFFAB2C261573FE45FC553124" authorityName="Schastlivceva" authorityYear="1981" class="Cephalopoda" family="Orthoceratidae" genus="Paratrematoceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthocerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C261573FE45FC553124" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Paratrematoceras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6AB6546FFAB2C261301FDE5FBEE3182" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="FE0E36CDFFAB2C261301FDE5FBEE3182" blockId="25.[813,1436,588,645]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="CCC5EADFFFAB2C261301FDE5FC543163" bold="true" box="[813,955,588,612]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Occurrence:</emphasis>
Alps, Europe; Middle–Late Triassic (Anisian–Carnian).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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