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<document id="54E087AA63972709EEBB532BCD7206B9" ID-CLB-Dataset="31886" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4329.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f1889f03-d51c-4de1-a1b5-339de952df0a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1002542" ID-ZooBank="178F0C4B-Bff6-41B1-8Ba5-59Aea19F12F4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1507185220440" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Russell-Smith, Anthony" docDate="2017" docId="705F87EA497AFF9D6585FE46FE5FFABB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4329.3.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4329 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="250" masterDocId="8C66FF924971FF906512FF88FFA4FFFB" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Cyprus" masterLastPageNumber="255" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="248" updateTime="1698469338266" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="0171A4033E5B2D10950C7CEE351916FF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C9A5B0FAE05C0848402F386C1C74527B">
<mods:title id="64161BDC155B5B7394E85691D21C21E4">New species and new records of ground spiders (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Cyprus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="955F20E8DE703375BC0AE3F3C54F1A2D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3C0C9BDBAEFF1315D5A7CF0DE5E84756">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="16CF6FF9D32D90C5302C1502E3BD72E9">Russell-Smith, Anthony</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E78C5703FD19DF931F776AAE689615C3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="CB19E42D83D1B9473ECC105AC22B152D">
<mods:title id="E43EBEB1719E295E42565117B73A8F7C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="A14DFFD1CC8291D59E5E448996711B70">
<mods:date id="36404DD294AA129BE6774F19B115180F">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="EDA7364F463961D618A28F76A3FE7457" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="C1720569FCF4E6D086D691F42C98104E">2017-10-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EA90955D473E67E212D4716B9875DBFA" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C45915743B874A87B6510B4114E74AF9">4329</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="B4497C7761978E264DC66D46F1BC75E5">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7C1C52F651B6C191C1BED88814C2B027" type="CLB-Dataset">31886</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0B96BBAA22E39BEE70C464872939757A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4329.3.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FC307ABFBEC16DF4CD68042762AF16C1" type="GBIF-Dataset">f1889f03-d51c-4de1-a1b5-339de952df0a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9B084AFD90A7745EFDBC33F807ACECE9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="705F87EA497AFF9D6585FE46FE5FFABB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6051695" ID-GBIF-Taxon="135111951" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6051695" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705F87EA497AFF9D6585FE46FE5FFABB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/705F87EA497AFF9D6585FE46FE5FFABB" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<subSubSection id="B0EC6577497AFF9B6585FE46FEB1FDF2" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F84936FC497AFF9B6585FE46FCE2FE13" blockId="11.[151,838,462,522]" box="[151,838,462,488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<heading id="A3018190497AFF9B6585FE46FCE2FE13" bold="true" box="[151,838,462,488]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B6585FE46FCE2FE13" ID-CoL="53TS9" authority="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,838,462,488]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirin">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B6585FE46FCE2FE13" bold="true" box="[151,838,462,488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B6585FE46FED3FE13" bold="true" box="[151,375,462,488]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Synaphosus shirin</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497AFF9B646CFE46FCE2FE13" author="Ovtsharenko" box="[382,838,462,488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 ‾ 27." type="book chapter" year="1994">Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F84936FC497AFF9B6585FE79FEB1FDF2" blockId="11.[151,838,462,522]" box="[151,277,497,522]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<figureCitation id="60CD2A79497AFF9B6585FE79FEB1FDF2" box="[151,277,497,522]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStart-1="FIGURES 33 – 34" captionStartId-0="12.[151,264,1959,1981]" captionStartId-1="13.[151,264,862,884]" captionTargetBox-0="[255,1411,221,1940]" captionTargetBox-1="[180,1421,212,812]" captionTargetId-0="figure@12.[185,1415,193,1949]" captionTargetId-1="figure@13.[151,1436,193,841]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="FIGURES 29 – 32. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994 male left palp. 29. Ventral view. 30. Retrolateral view. 31. Prolateral view. 32. Dorsal view. MA (?): median apophysis Pc: retrolateral sclerotized fold of conductor." captionText-1="FIGURES 33 – 34. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994. 33. Epigyne. 34. Vulva. The darted line indicates the direction of coils of the copulatory ducts." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1002560/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1002562/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Figs 29–34</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0EC6577497AFF9B6585FDB1FA2FFD95" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F84936FC497AFF9B6585FDB1FA2FFD95" blockId="11.[151,1436,569,622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<materialsCitation id="489E3CA1497AFF9B6585FDB1FA2FFD95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1661822821" collectingDate="1964-04-15" collectorName="J. Neal" country="Iran" location="Kermanshahan" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8E611D2497AFF9B6585FDB1FA2FFD95" infered="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B6585FDB1FD58FDB4" ID-CoL="53TS9" authority="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994: 23" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityPageNumber="23" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,764,569,591]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirin">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B6585FDB1FEF5FDB4" box="[151,337,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Synaphosus shirin</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="795710ED497AFF9B644BFDB1FD58FDB4" author="Ovtsharenko" box="[345,764,569,591]" page="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497AFF9B644BFDB1FD72FDB4" author="Ovtsharenko" box="[345,726,569,591]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 ‾ 27." type="book chapter" year="1994">Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 23
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, Figs 82̅83. Female
<typeStatus id="274D885E497AFF9B66CEFDB1FB91FDB4" box="[988,1077,569,591]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from
<collectingCountry id="80E1766C497AFF9B6167FDB2FB11FDB4" box="[1141,1205,570,591]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">IRAN</collectingCountry>
,
<locationDeviation id="E9FB2FDE497AFF9B61D3FDB1FA3CFDB4" box="[1217,1432,569,591]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<quantity id="3F0E9B19497AFF9B61D3FDB1FB51FDB4" box="[1217,1269,569,591]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
E Qasre-Shirin
</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="FD296027497AFF9B65D5FDD0FEC5FD95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705F87EA497AFF9D6585FE46FE5FFABB:FD296027497AFF9B65D5FDD0FEC5FD95" box="[199,353,600,622]" country="Iran" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" name="Kermanshahan" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Kermanshahan</location>
, leg.
<collectorName id="5503532A497AFF9B6485FDD1FE79FD95" box="[407,477,600,622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">J. Neal</collectorName>
(
<collectingDate id="9C0CE9D4497AFF9B64F9FDD0FDFBFD95" box="[491,607,600,622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" value="1964-04-15">
<date id="8C48103C497AFF9B64F9FDD0FDFBFD95" box="[491,607,600,622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" value="1964-04-15">15.IV.1964</date>
</collectingDate>
), deposited at the
<collectingMunicipality id="182DAC86497AFF9B6604FDD0FB29FD95" box="[790,1165,600,622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">National Museum of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
, Smithsonian Institution.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0EC6577497AFF9B6585FD12FDB7FC54" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F84936FC497AFF9B6585FD12FDB7FC54" blockId="11.[151,1437,666,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B6585FD12FEB5FD48" bold="true" box="[151,273,666,691]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Males of the genus
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B64E4FD13FDDFFD48" authorityName="Platnick &amp; Shadab" authorityYear="1980" box="[502,635,667,691]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B64E4FD13FDDFFD48" box="[502,635,667,691]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Synaphosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the combined presence of a preening brush on Mt III, elongated superior claws on Ta IV, long filiform embolus supported by large membranous conductor, short tibial apophysis and, in some cases, a patellar apophysis of male palp (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B66CAFD6BFAA7FD00" authority="Roewer, 1928" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1928" box="[984,1283,739,763]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichopus">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B66CAFD6BFBF9FD00" box="[984,1117,739,763]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">S. trichopus</emphasis>
Roewer, 1928
</taxonomicName>
). Females are distinguished by anterior atrial epigynal pockets and long and twisted copulatory ducts.
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B619DFC8FFB4BFCE5" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1994" box="[1167,1263,774,798]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirin">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B619DFC8FFB4BFCE5" box="[1167,1263,774,798]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">S. shirin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the female (see
<figureCitation id="60CD2A79497AFF9B649EFCA2FE47FCB8" box="[396,483,810,835]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 34" captionStartId="13.[151,264,862,884]" captionTargetBox="[180,1421,212,812]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,841]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 34. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994. 33. Epigyne. 34. Vulva. The darted line indicates the direction of coils of the copulatory ducts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002562/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Figs 33</figureCitation>
̄34) and may be distinguished from its congeners by the shape of its anterior atrial pockets, the kidney-like spermathecae and the glandular heads on the anterior coils of the copulatory ducts. The newly described male is distinguished by the dorsal tibial apophysis on the palp, additional to the retrolateral one, not present in any other congener.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0EC6577497AFF9B65D5FC32FBCFFBE0" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F84936FC497AFF9B65D5FC32FBCFFBE0" blockId="11.[151,1437,666,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<materialsCitation id="489E3CA1497AFF9B65D5FC32FBF1FC28" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1661822829" box="[199,1109,954,979]" country="Cyprus" location="Agridi" municipality="Dali" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B65D5FC32FE15FC28" bold="true" box="[199,433,954,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="EEF0FD75497AFF9B64ABFC33FE40FC29" box="[441,484,955,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="EEF0FD75497AFF9B64FFFC32FD8AFC29" box="[493,558,954,978]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="80E1766C497AFF9B672EFC33FD34FC28" box="[572,656,955,979]" name="Cyprus" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="FD296027497AFF9B678EFC33FD4CFC28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705F87EA497AFF9D6585FE46FE5FFABB:FD296027497AFF9B678EFC33FD4CFC28" box="[668,744,955,979]" country="Cyprus" municipality="Dali" name="Agridi" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Agridi</location>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="182DAC86497AFF9B663EFC33FCFBFC28" box="[812,863,955,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Dali</collectingMunicipality>
, in field, spring 2008
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="489E3CA1497AFF9B6173FC33FE2FFC0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1661822823" collectingDate="2011-05" collectorName="D. McCowan" country="Cyprus" location="Agridi" municipality="Dali" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="EEF0FD75497AFF9B6173FC33FB2BFC29" box="[1121,1167,955,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, same location,
<collectingDate id="9C0CE9D4497AFF9B6055FC33FA3CFC28" box="[1351,1432,955,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" value="2011-05">
<date id="8C48103C497AFF9B6055FC33FA3CFC28" box="[1351,1432,955,979]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" value="2011-05">V.2011</date>
</collectingDate>
, all leg.
<collectorName id="5503532A497AFF9B65FCFC57FE2FFC0C" box="[238,395,991,1015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">D. McCowan</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="489E3CA1497AFF9B648BFC57FA24FC0D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1661822824" box="[409,1408,990,1015]" collectingDate="2013-05-09" collectorName="A. Russell-Smith" country="Cyprus" location="Lympia Dam" municipality="Lympia" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="EEF0FD75497AFF9B648BFC57FE63FC0D" box="[409,455,991,1015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="80E1766C497AFF9B64C7FC57FD8DFC0C" box="[469,553,991,1015]" name="Cyprus" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="FD296027497AFF9B6724FC56FD6AFC0D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705F87EA497AFF9D6585FE46FE5FFABB:FD296027497AFF9B6724FC56FD6AFC0D" box="[566,718,990,1014]" country="Cyprus" municipality="Lympia" name="Lympia Dam" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Lympia Dam</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="182DAC86497AFF9B67CEFC56FC90FC0D" box="[732,820,990,1014]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Lympia</collectingMunicipality>
, in grass tussocks,
<collectingDate id="9C0CE9D4497AFF9B6101FC57FBDEFC0C" box="[1043,1146,991,1015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" value="2013-05-09">
<date id="8C48103C497AFF9B6101FC57FBDEFC0C" box="[1043,1146,991,1015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" value="2013-05-09">9.V.2013</date>
</collectingDate>
, leg.
<collectorName id="5503532A497AFF9B61A8FC57FA24FC0D" box="[1210,1408,990,1015]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">A. Russell-Smith</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="489E3CA1497AFF9B609CFC57FBCFFBE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1661822815" collectingDate="2007-04-30" collectorName="R. Snazell." country="Cyprus" location="Agios Sozomenos" municipality="Dali" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3">
<specimenCount id="EEF0FD75497AFF9B609CFC57FF66FBE1" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="80E1766C497AFF9B65DDFB8BFE87FBE0" box="[207,291,1027,1051]" name="Cyprus" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="FD296027497AFF9B643CFB8AFE58FBE0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:705F87EA497AFF9D6585FE46FE5FFABB:FD296027497AFF9B643CFB8AFE58FBE0" box="[302,508,1026,1051]" country="Cyprus" municipality="Dali" name="Agios Sozomenos" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Agios Sozomenos</location>
, near
<collectingMunicipality id="182DAC86497AFF9B672CFB8AFDD5FBE0" box="[574,625,1026,1051]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Dali</collectingMunicipality>
, in dry grassland,
<collectingDate id="9C0CE9D4497AFF9B662FFB8BFC1CFBE0" box="[829,952,1027,1051]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" value="2007-04-30">
<date id="8C48103C497AFF9B662FFB8BFC1CFBE0" box="[829,952,1027,1051]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" value="2007-04-30">30.IV.2007</date>
</collectingDate>
leg.
<collectorName id="5503532A497AFF9B66E2FB8BFBCFFBE0" box="[1008,1131,1026,1051]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">R. Snazell.</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0EC6577497AFF9B65D5FBAEFDA7F9A4" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="description">
<paragraph id="F84936FC497AFF9B65D5FBAEFDA7F9A4" blockId="11.[151,1437,666,2027]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B65D5FBAEFE4EFBC4" bold="true" box="[199,490,1062,1087]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Description of the male.</emphasis>
Small brown spiders, abdomen dark grey to brown. Measurements: TL 3.147; CL 1.342; CW 1.008; AL 1.638. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.052, PME 0.095, PLE 0.069, ALE 0.089 AME- AME 0.048, AME-ALE almost touching, PME-PME (min/max) 0.022/0.04, PME-PLE 0.032. Distance between AME almost their own diameter. PER procurved to straight, AER straight to slightly procurved. Chelicera promargin armed with 2-3 teeth and retromargin with 1 tiny denticle. Labium 0.226 long, 0.174 wide at its base. Sternum 0.879 long, 0.665 wide. Cephalothorax with marginally widening thoracic region and small fovea in posterior third of its length. Scutum long, covering about Ḣ of abdominal dorsal surface and with parallel sides (almost rectangular). Legs same colour as body except for Fe/Pa/Ti of leg I which are darker brown. Legs size are I&gt;IV&gt;II&gt;III. Leg spination: Leg I: Fe 1-2d Mt
<date id="8C48103C497AFF9B67B2FAC3FD1BFA98" box="[672,703,1355,1379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">4v</date>
; Leg II: Ti
<date id="8C48103C497AFF9B662FFAC3FCFDFA98" box="[829,857,1355,1379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">4v</date>
Mt
<date id="8C48103C497AFF9B6695FAC3FC02FA98" box="[903,934,1355,1379]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">4v</date>
; Leg III: Fe 4d Pa 1rl Ti/Mt spinose; Leg IV: Fe 3d Ti/Mt spinose. Palp (
<figureCitation id="60CD2A79497AFF9B64C6FAE6FDFEFA7C" box="[468,602,1390,1415]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[255,1411,221,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[185,1415,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994 male left palp. 29. Ventral view. 30. Retrolateral view. 31. Prolateral view. 32. Dorsal view. MA (?): median apophysis Pc: retrolateral sclerotized fold of conductor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002560/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Figs 29–32</figureCitation>
). Two tibial apophyses present, one retrolateral small, with rounded end (
<figureCitation id="60CD2A79497AFF9B658DFA1AFE80FA50" box="[159,292,1426,1451]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[255,1411,221,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[185,1415,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994 male left palp. 29. Ventral view. 30. Retrolateral view. 31. Prolateral view. 32. Dorsal view. MA (?): median apophysis Pc: retrolateral sclerotized fold of conductor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002560/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Figs 30, 32</figureCitation>
) and one dorsal (
<figureCitation id="60CD2A79497AFF9B64E3FA1AFDE9FA50" box="[497,589,1426,1451]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[255,1411,221,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[185,1415,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994 male left palp. 29. Ventral view. 30. Retrolateral view. 31. Prolateral view. 32. Dorsal view. MA (?): median apophysis Pc: retrolateral sclerotized fold of conductor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002560/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Figs 30</figureCitation>
̄32). Retrolateral patellar apophysis tapering to pointed tip (
<figureCitation id="60CD2A79497AFF9B6015FA1AFA34FA50" box="[1287,1424,1426,1451]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[255,1411,221,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[185,1415,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994 male left palp. 29. Ventral view. 30. Retrolateral view. 31. Prolateral view. 32. Dorsal view. MA (?): median apophysis Pc: retrolateral sclerotized fold of conductor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002560/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Figs 30, 32</figureCitation>
). Embolus filiform and long, starting from retrolateral base of tegulum with small prolaterally directed pointed process and denticulated surface. It then encircles the tegulum and reaches its middle at retrolateral side. Most of its lateral parts are hidden by a widely expanded conductor with a translucent flange which forms a retrolateral sclerotized fold that fully covers the tip of the embolus (
<figureCitation id="60CD2A79497AFF9B6600F9AAFCCFF9C0" box="[786,875,1570,1595]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[255,1411,221,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[185,1415,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994 male left palp. 29. Ventral view. 30. Retrolateral view. 31. Prolateral view. 32. Dorsal view. MA (?): median apophysis Pc: retrolateral sclerotized fold of conductor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002560/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Figs 29</figureCitation>
̄30). Median apophysis (?) very small and hardly sclerotized (see also comments).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0EC6577497AFF9D65D5F9E2FE08FAE7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F84936FC497AFF9D65D5F9E2FE08FAE7" blockId="11.[151,1437,666,2027]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1436,959,1344]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B65D5F9E2FEEBF978" bold="true" box="[199,335,1642,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Comments.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497AFF9B64E7F9E2FCB8F978" box="[501,796,1642,1667]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 ‾ 27." type="book chapter">
Ovtsharenko
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B679FF9E3FD64F978" box="[653,704,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
, the species is closest to
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B612FF9E3FA38F978" authority="(Caporiacco, 1936)" baseAuthorityName="Caporiacco" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[1085,1436,1642,1667]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B612FF9E3FB1EF979" box="[1085,1210,1643,1666]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">S. minimus</emphasis>
(Caporiacco, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B65DBF907FD75F95C" authority="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1994" box="[201,721,1678,1703]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neali">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B65DBF907FEBBF95D" box="[201,287,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">S. neali</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497AFF9B643BF906FD75F95C" author="Ovtsharenko" box="[297,721,1678,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 ‾ 27." type="book chapter" year="1994">Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. We would suggest
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B66A8F907FF6BF930" authority="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1994" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khashm">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B66A8F907FB89F95D" box="[954,1069,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">S. khashm</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497AFF9B6125F906FF6BF930" author="Ovtsharenko" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 ‾ 27." type="book chapter" year="1994">Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is also a close morphological relative (see Figs 84̄
<quantity id="3F0E9B19497AFF9B6673F93AFC01F930" box="[865,933,1714,1739]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.159" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" unit="in" value="85.0">85 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497AFF9B66A7F93AFB43F930" author="Ovtsharenko" box="[949,1255,1714,1739]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 ‾ 27." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Ovtsharenko
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B6146F93BFB29F930" box="[1108,1165,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
., 1994
</bibRefCitation>
). Despite their resemblance, the three species differ in the relative positions of their distinctive characters. It should be also noted that in our specimen no posterior epigynal margins are evident (compare
<figureCitation id="60CD2A79497AFF9B66C8F972FB8FF8E8" box="[986,1067,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 34" captionStartId="13.[151,264,862,884]" captionTargetBox="[180,1421,212,812]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,193,841]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 34. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994. 33. Epigyne. 34. Vulva. The darted line indicates the direction of coils of the copulatory ducts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002562/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
of present study with Fig. 82 of
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497AFF9B6585F896FE09F8CC" author="Ovtsharenko" box="[151,429,1822,1847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 ‾ 27." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Ovtsharenko
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B643EF897FEF9F8CD" box="[300,349,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
., 1994
</bibRefCitation>
). Males of
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B673AF897FD21F8CD" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1994" box="[552,645,1822,1846]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirin">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B673AF897FD21F8CD" box="[552,645,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">S. shirin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B661EF897FCFBF8CD" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1994" box="[780,863,1822,1846]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neali">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B661EF897FCFBF8CD" box="[780,863,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">S. neali</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497AFF9B6686F897FBABF8CD" baseAuthorityName="Caporiacco" baseAuthorityYear="1936" box="[916,1039,1823,1846]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B6686F897FBABF8CD" box="[916,1039,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">S. minimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the prolaterally directed pointed process at the base of the embolus which is smaller (almost indistinct) and by the presence of a dorsal tibial apophysis on the palp, additional to the retrolateral one. In the original description of the genus,
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497AFF9B601FF8EEFE9EF858" author="Platnick" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" refString="Platnick, N. I. &amp; Shadab, M. U. (1980) A revision of the North American spider genera Nodocion, Litopyllus, and Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 2691, 1 ‾ 26." type="journal article" year="1980">Platnick and Shadab (1980)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned the presence of a “membranous conductor” and of a “folded median apophysis” in which “the long embolus is distally supported in the resting position”.
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497AFF9B6694F826FB14F83C" box="[902,1200,1966,1991]" pageId="11" pageNumber="248" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 ‾ 27." type="book chapter">
Ovtsharenko
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497AFF9B610DF827FBF7F83D" box="[1055,1107,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="248">et al</emphasis>
. (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
repeated this palpal configuration (“Palp with embolus … lying in groove of conductor … base of conductor expanded into enlarged, translucent flange…median apophysis folded”). Interestingly, in those two descriptions there is some confusion: if
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497CFF9D6585FC6CFE6FFC07" author="Platnick" box="[151,459,996,1020]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" refString="Platnick, N. I. &amp; Shadab, M. U. (1980) A revision of the North American spider genera Nodocion, Litopyllus, and Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 2691, 1 ‾ 26." type="journal article" year="1980">Platnick and Shadab (1980)</bibRefCitation>
are followed, then the structure Pc of our
<figureCitation id="60CD2A79497CFF9D668DFC6CFC51FC07" box="[927,1013,996,1020]" captionStart="FIGURES 29 – 32" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1959,1981]" captionTargetBox="[255,1411,221,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[185,1415,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 29 – 32. Synaphosus shirin Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994 male left palp. 29. Ventral view. 30. Retrolateral view. 31. Prolateral view. 32. Dorsal view. MA (?): median apophysis Pc: retrolateral sclerotized fold of conductor." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002560/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Figs 29</figureCitation>
¯30 is the folded median apophysis; if
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497CFF9D6585FB8FFE1BFBDB" box="[151,447,1031,1056]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. &amp; Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 ‾ 27." type="book chapter">
Ovtsharenko
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497CFF9D6422FB80FEC7FBE4" box="[304,355,1031,1055]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">et al</emphasis>
. (1994)
</bibRefCitation>
are followed, then the same structure is part of the conductor and it is not explained where the folded median apophysis is located. As further noted by
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497CFF9D66AAFBA3FAA8FBBF" author="Marusik" box="[952,1292,1067,1092]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" refString="Marusik, Y. M. &amp; Fomichev, A. A. (2016) A survey of East Palaearctic Gnaphosidae (Araneae). 5. On Synaphosus from Central Asia. Zootaxa, 4178 (3), 428 ‾ 442. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4178.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">Marusik &amp; Fomichev (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, the median apophysis is never indicated in the figures of the above papers, while investigation from SEM figures lead the authors to conclude that the genus
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497CFF9D673CFBFCFD16FB77" authorityName="Platnick &amp; Shadab" authorityYear="1980" box="[558,690,1140,1164]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497CFF9D673CFBFCFD16FB77" box="[558,690,1140,1164]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Synaphosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diagnosed by the absence of median apophysis (among other characteristics). In the case of
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497CFF9D64E0FB10FDF5FB54" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1994" box="[498,593,1175,1199]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirin">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497CFF9D64E0FB10FDF5FB54" box="[498,593,1175,1199]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">S. shirin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a small weakly sclerotized projection is evident at the retrolateral side of the tegulum; we indicate it as MA(?), since it does not fully conform to what is known as median apophysis in other genera (see
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497CFF9D644CFB57FD6EFB03" author="Zakharov" box="[350,714,1247,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" refString="Zakharov, B. P. &amp; Ovtcharenko, V. I. (2011) Morphological organization of the male palpal organ in Australian ground spiders of the genera Anzacia, Intruda, Zelanda, and Encoptarthria (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 39, 327 ‾ 336. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / CA 10 - 91.1" type="book chapter" year="2011">Zakharov &amp; Ovtcharenko, 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Following
<bibRefCitation id="9C674B0D497CFF9D6645FB57FB15FB03" author="Marusik" box="[855,1201,1247,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" refString="Marusik, Y. M. &amp; Fomichev, A. A. (2016) A survey of East Palaearctic Gnaphosidae (Araneae). 5. On Synaphosus from Central Asia. Zootaxa, 4178 (3), 428 ‾ 442. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4178.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">Marusik and Fomichev (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, this species belongs to the
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497CFF9D65CFFA8CFEF8FAE7" box="[221,348,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">gracillimus</emphasis>
group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="AC896674497DFF9C6585F82FFA80F820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002560/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="249" targetBox="[255,1411,221,1940]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="F84936FC497DFF9C6585F82FFA80F820" blockId="12.[151,1435,1959,2011]" pageId="12" pageNumber="249">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497DFF9C6585F82FFEF2F846" bold="true" box="[151,342,1959,1981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="249">FIGURES 29–32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497DFF9C644CF82FFC3AF846" authority="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1994" box="[350,926,1959,1981]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="249" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirin">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497DFF9C644CF82FFDBDF846" box="[350,537,1959,1981]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="249">Synaphosus shirin</emphasis>
Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994
</taxonomicName>
male left palp.
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497DFF9C6156F82FFBC0F846" bold="true" box="[1092,1124,1959,1981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="249">29.</emphasis>
Ventral view.
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497DFF9C61EEF82FFAB8F846" bold="true" box="[1276,1308,1959,1981]" pageId="12" pageNumber="249">30.</emphasis>
Retrolateral view.
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497DFF9C65C1F84DFF57F820" bold="true" box="[211,243,1989,2011]" pageId="12" pageNumber="249">31.</emphasis>
Prolateral view.
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497DFF9C648CF84DFE1AF820" bold="true" box="[414,446,1989,2011]" pageId="12" pageNumber="249">32.</emphasis>
Dorsal view. MA (?): median apophysis Pc: retrolateral sclerotized fold of conductor.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="AC896674497CFF9D6585FCD6FDFAFC69" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1002562/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" targetBox="[180,1421,212,812]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="F84936FC497CFF9D6585FCD6FDFAFC69" blockId="13.[151,1436,862,914]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497CFF9D6585FCD6FEF1FC8F" bold="true" box="[151,341,862,884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">FIGURES 33–34.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3FF64D7F497CFF9D644EFCD6FC3EFC8F" authority="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994" authorityName="Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick" authorityYear="1994" box="[348,922,862,884]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shirin">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497CFF9D644EFCD6FDB2FC8F" box="[348,534,862,884]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Synaphosus shirin</emphasis>
Ovtsharenko, Levy &amp; Platnick, 1994
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497CFF9D66B6FCD6FC60FC8F" bold="true" box="[932,964,862,884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">33.</emphasis>
Epigyne.
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497CFF9D613FFCD6FBE9FC8F" bold="true" box="[1069,1101,862,884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">34.</emphasis>
Vulva. The darted line indicates the direction of coils of the copulatory ducts.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="B0EC6577497CFF9D65D5FAAFFE5FFABB" box="[199,507,1319,1344]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F84936FC497CFF9D65D5FAAFFE5FFABB" blockId="13.[151,1436,959,1344]" box="[199,507,1319,1344]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">
<emphasis id="CA82EAEE497CFF9D65D5FAAFFEC4FABB" bold="true" box="[199,352,1319,1344]" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="80E1766C497CFF9D6475FAA0FE33FAC4" box="[359,407,1320,1343]" name="Iran" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="80E1766C497CFF9D64B0FAA0FE52FABB" box="[418,502,1320,1344]" name="Cyprus" pageId="13" pageNumber="250">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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