372 lines
33 KiB
XML
372 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.84080" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-2-151" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B7D8CC48BD32502C819369D75ADA50C8" ID-ZooBank="3B245B5371564A3F96672F2CD756779A" ModsDocID="1860-1324-69-2-151" checkinTime="1658871268840" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Liston, Andrew, Mutanen, Marko, Heidemaa, Mikk, Blank, Stephan M., Kiljunen, Niina, Taeger, Andreas, Viitasaari, Matti, Vikberg, Veli, Wutke, Saskia & Prous, Marko" docDate="2022" docId="F5EBCE8408025632806CB53D79897721" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 69(2): 151-218" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 69 (2)" docPubDate="2022-07-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.84080" docTitle="Empria improba" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="B7D8CC48BD32502C819369D75ADA50C8" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="B7D8CC48BD32502C819369D75ADA50C8" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and nomenclature of some Fennoscandian Sawflies, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1658871268840" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and nomenclature of some Fennoscandian Sawflies, with descriptions of two new species (Hymenoptera, Symphyta)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liston, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1278-424X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">andrew.liston@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mutanen, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4464-6308</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heidemaa, Mikk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Estonian Naturalists' Society, Struve 2, Tartu 51003, Estonia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Blank, Stephan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-9267</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kiljunen, Niina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Taeger, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Viitasaari, Matti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Alkutie 41 E, 00660 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vikberg, Veli</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Liinalammintie 11 as. 6, 14200 Turenki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wutke, Saskia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prous, Marko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-7608</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany & Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, PO Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland & Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014 Tartu, Estonia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-07-26</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>69</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>151</mods:start>
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<mods:end>218</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.84080</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.69.84080</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-2-151</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3B245B5371564A3F96672F2CD756779A</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B7D8CC48BD32502C819369D75ADA50C8</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F5EBCE8408025632806CB53D79897721" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5EBCE8408025632806CB53D79897721" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName LSID="F5EBCE84-0802-5632-806C-B53D79897721" authority="(Cresson, 1880)" authorityName="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" baseAuthorityName="Cresson" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria improba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improba">Empria improba (Cresson, 1880)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Larvae of Empria on Salix. A-E. E. improba (Cresson, 1880); F-M. E. immersa (Klug, 1818)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.69.84080.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719533" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Fig. 22A-E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName authority="Klug, 1818" authorityName="Klug" authorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Emphytus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Emphytus improbus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="improbus">Emphytus improbus</taxonomicName>
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Cresson, 1880: 11. ♀, ♂. Syntypes. Type locality: Nevada, USA. Lectotype ♂ (type No. 365) designated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Smith, DR" journalOrPublisher="Department of Agriculture, Washington DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 172" refId="B166" refString="Smith, DR, 1979. Nearctic sawflies. IV. Allantinae: Adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Technical Bulletin, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington DC 1595: 1 - 172" title="Nearctic sawflies. IV. Allantinae: Adults and larvae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae). Technical Bulletin, U. S." volume="1595" year="1979">Smith (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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. ANSP.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Poecilostoma">Tenthredo (Poecilostoma) hybrida</taxonomicName>
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Erichson in:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ménétriés">Menetries</normalizedToken>
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in: Middendorff, 1851: 60-61. ♀. Syntypes (assumed). Primary homonym of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Tenthredo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tenthredo (Tenthredo) hybrida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hybrida" subGenus="Tenthredo">Tenthredo (Tenthredo) hybrida</taxonomicName>
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Eversmann, 1847. Type locality: Udskoj Ostrog [Russia, Khabarovsk Krai, Udskoe]. Lectotype ♀ designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1968" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="347 - 380" refId="B148" refString="Prous, M, Heidemaa, M, Shinohara, A, Soon, V, 2011. Review of the sawfly genus Empria (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in Japan. ZooKeys 150: 347 - 380, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1968" title="Review of the sawfly genus Empria (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1968" volume="150" year="2011">Prous et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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. ZIN. syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jakowlew" authorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Poecilosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Poecilosoma plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Poecilosoma plana</taxonomicName>
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Jakowlew, 1891: 31. ♀. Type locality: Irkutsk, Russia. ♀. Holotype. ZIN. syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria itelmena" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itelmena">Empria itelmena</taxonomicName>
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Malaise, 1931b: 23. ♀, ♂. Syntypes. Type locality: Kamtschatka, E[lisowo] [Russia, Kamchatka Krai]. Lectotype ♀ designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1968" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="347 - 380" refId="B148" refString="Prous, M, Heidemaa, M, Shinohara, A, Soon, V, 2011. Review of the sawfly genus Empria (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in Japan. ZooKeys 150: 347 - 380, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1968" title="Review of the sawfly genus Empria (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in Japan." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.1968" volume="150" year="2011">Prous et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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. NHRS. syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="Forsius" authorityYear="1928" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="camtschatica">Empria camtschatica</taxonomicName>
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Forsius, 1928: 46-47. ♀. Holotype. Type locality: Russia, Kamchatka Krai, Bolsheretsk [Bolscheretsk]. MZH. syn. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="151" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
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The species boundaries between willow-feeding taxa of the
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<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1818" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="immersa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Empria immersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group (
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="plana">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. plana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. improba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="improba">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. improba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) have proved to be difficult to elucidate (
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<bibRefCitation author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="135 - 146" refId="B149" refString="Prous, M, Blank, SM, Heibo, E, Loennve, OJ, Taeger, A, Vardal, H, Liston, A, 2014. Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) newly recorded from Sweden. Entomologisk Tidskrift 135 (3): 135 - 146" title="Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) newly recorded from Sweden." volume="135" year="2014">Prous et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B152" refString="Prous, M, Lee, KM, Mutanen, M, 2020. Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 143 (106670): 1 - 16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" title="Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" volume="143" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
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). In Fennoscandia, two forms can commonly be found at the same time and place (
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<bibRefCitation author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="135 - 146" refId="B149" refString="Prous, M, Blank, SM, Heibo, E, Loennve, OJ, Taeger, A, Vardal, H, Liston, A, 2014. Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) newly recorded from Sweden. Entomologisk Tidskrift 135 (3): 135 - 146" title="Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) newly recorded from Sweden." volume="135" year="2014">Prous et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a dark pterostigma and short antenna, and
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a pale pterostigma and long antenna. These two forms can also be distinguished by larval morphology (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Larvae of Empria on Salix. A-E. E. improba (Cresson, 1880); F-M. E. immersa (Klug, 1818)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.69.84080.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719533" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">22</figureCitation>
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). Based on
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">ex ovo</emphasis>
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rearings by M. Prous (two females from Sweden and Estonia) and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">ex larva</emphasis>
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rearings by
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<bibRefCitation author="Ponomarev, AG" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" publicationUrl="http://insectamo.ru" refId="B147" refString="Ponomarev, AG, 2022. Babochki i zhuki Moscovskoj oblasti. Published on the Internet. http://insectamo.ru" title="Babochki i zhuki Moscovskoj oblasti. Published on the Internet." url="http://insectamo.ru" year="2022">Ponomarev (2022)</bibRefCitation>
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of
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">ex ovo</emphasis>
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rearings by M. Prous of
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(using two females from Sweden), the main difference seems to be in head coloration:
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<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with an occipital fleck or stripe (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Larvae of Empria on Salix. A-E. E. improba (Cresson, 1880); F-M. E. immersa (Klug, 1818)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.69.84080.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719533" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">22F-M</figureCitation>
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) and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with occipital and parietal stripes (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Larvae of Empria on Salix. A-E. E. improba (Cresson, 1880); F-M. E. immersa (Klug, 1818)." figureDoi="10.3897/dez.69.84080.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719533" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">22A-E</figureCitation>
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|
). An additional difference may be that glandubae (white conical warts) are more prominent in
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
than in
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Although based on limited specimen sampling, genome scale data (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B152" refString="Prous, M, Lee, KM, Mutanen, M, 2020. Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 143 (106670): 1 - 16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" title="Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" volume="143" year="2020">Prous et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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|
) support
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a distinct species most consistently compared to the other species in the
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
group. In Fennoscandia, taxonomy is complicated by the presence of occasional specimens identifiable as
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="plana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. plana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, somewhat intermediate in morphology between
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(pterostigma like
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, saw intermediate). Genome scale data of one
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="plana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. plana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
female from Sweden do not indicate affinity with
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but do show at least some affinity with
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Sweden),
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. improba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="improba">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. improba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Canada), and one other
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="plana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. plana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Hokkaido, Japan) (see fig. 5 in
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B152" refString="Prous, M, Lee, KM, Mutanen, M, 2020. Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 143 (106670): 1 - 16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" title="Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" volume="143" year="2020">Prous et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Given the above, we synonymize
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="plana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. plana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
with
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. improba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="improba">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. improba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, because clear boundaries between these taxa cannot at present be drawn. Thus, in Europe, the specimens with dark pterostigma, short antennae and more prominent serrulae of the saw can be identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and those with pale pterostigma, usually longer antennae, and less prominent serrulae as
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. improba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="improba">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. improba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="135 - 146" refId="B149" refString="Prous, M, Blank, SM, Heibo, E, Loennve, OJ, Taeger, A, Vardal, H, Liston, A, 2014. Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) newly recorded from Sweden. Entomologisk Tidskrift 135 (3): 135 - 146" title="Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) newly recorded from Sweden." volume="135" year="2014">Prous et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In North America, however, at least some
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. improba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="improba">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. improba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens look externally more like
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(dark pterostigma and metafemur), while the serrulae of the saw resemble
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lacourt, J" journalOrPublisher="Editions, Verrieres-le-Buisson" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" refId="B106" refString="Lacourt, J, 2020. Symphytes d'Europe. Hymenopteres d'Europe 2. N. A. P. Editions, Verrieres-le-Buisson" title="Symphytes d'Europe. Hymenopteres d'Europe 2. N. A. P." year="2020">Lacourt (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggested that
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
could be a synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. improba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="improba">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. improba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but genetically these taxa are not necessarily closer to each other than they are to
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="plana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. plana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" author="Prous, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" pagination="1 - 16" refId="B152" refString="Prous, M, Lee, KM, Mutanen, M, 2020. Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 143 (106670): 1 - 16, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" title="Cross-contamination and strong mitonuclear discordance in Empria sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae) in the light of phylogenomic data." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106670" volume="143" year="2020">Prous et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). If the circumscription of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. improba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="improba">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. improba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as proposed here is considered incorrect, then it remains unclear how many additional species should be recognized, and how these should be delimited. For example, in Europe the morphological distinction between
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. camtschatica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="camtschatica">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. camtschatica</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. plana" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="plana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. plana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is not clear, although these forms can be more reliably distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/dez.69.84080.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/719533" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="151">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
|
Larvae of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville, 1828" authorityName="Le Peletier & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1828" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Empria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Empria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Empria</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salix" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">Salix</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">A-E.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. improba" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="improba">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. improba</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Cresson, 1880);
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">F-M.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Tenthredinidae" genus="E." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. immersa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="151" rank="species" species="immersa">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="151">E. immersa</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Klug, 1818).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |