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<mods:title id="A9134AD141BAFF7414AD151FABC0DE25">Thriving in dry conditions: on the Neotropical spider genus Galapa (Araneae: Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7C5565B1C5C2FEF802A6824AD7965C1D">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A29152A1C84F7E410E69A8E96D3D3619">Meng, Guanliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="08174D7BB31795F92184001547AD5648">Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, LIB, Bonn, Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0449773C6A348B8EBEC1F5E50A28BAD5">García, Jimmy Cabra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4A3FA6E6C9CD0E4A4087D4F03922788F">Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.</mods:affiliation>
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Genus 
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<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797CFFFE8FA109D134" bold="true" box="[238,326,356,383]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Galapa</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797C86FE4FA1D1D1F7" ID-CoL="4LRF" authority="Huber, 2000: 100" authorityName="Huber" authorityPageNumber="100" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,414,420,444]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797C86FE4FA0ACD1F7" box="[151,227,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Galapa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117266797CFBFE4FA1D1D1F7" author="Huber, B. A." box="[234,414,420,444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber, 2000: 100</bibRefCitation>
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. 
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species by original designation: 
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<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117266797FE2FE4FA499D1F7" author="Gertsch, W. J. &amp; Peck, S. B." box="[1011,1238,420,444]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1185 - 1199" refId="ref19453" refString="Gertsch, W. J. &amp; Peck, S. B. (1992) The pholcid spiders of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 1185 - 1199. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 92 - 166" type="journal article" year="1992">Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797C86FE29A0ACD191" box="[151,227,450,474]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Galapa</emphasis>
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— 
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<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117266797CECFE29A251D191" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Villarreal, O." box="[253,542,450,474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref19980" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; Villarreal, O. (2020) On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 718, 1 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2020.718.1101" type="journal article" year="2020">Huber &amp; Villarreal 2020: 58</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797C86FDE8A145D256" bold="true" box="[151,266,515,541]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Tiny (body length ~1.0– 
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), short-legged, eight-eyed pholcids with globular abdomen (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797956FDE8A5C0D256" box="[1351,1423,515,541]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[151,198,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,889,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-204@6.[151,1436,889,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. Galapa Huber, 2000, live specimens. A–D. G. murphyi Huber sp. n.; male and female with egg sac from W of Cañas; female with egg-sac from near Playa Iguanita, and female in web (in glass vial) from near Playa Iguanita. E–F. G. gabito Huber sp. n.; male and female with egg sac from Santa Marta. G–H. G. spiniphila Huber, 2020; male and female with egg sac from S of Riohacha. I. G. spiniphila; male from ESE of Pueblo Bello." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791771/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Males are easily distinguished from all other known 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797EEEFDCCA323D20A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[767,876,551,577]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ninetinae">Ninetinae</taxonomicName>
by modified cheliceral fangs and by absence of frontal modifications on base segment of chelicera (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797ECDFDA0A36CD22E" box="[732,803,587,613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[151,198,1588,1612]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,743,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-253@7.[151,1437,740,1564]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. Galapa spp., male chelicerae, frontal views. Note unmodified main segments (except for stridulatory files) and processes on fangs (arrows). A. G. murphyi Huber sp. n. from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita, ZFMK Ar 24224. B. G. spiniphila Huber, 2020 from Colombia, near Papayal, ZFMK Ar 24221. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791775/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Figs 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797F21FDA0A31BD22E" box="[816,852,587,613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">8A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797F71FDA0A3DDD22E" box="[864,914,587,613]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[151,198,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. B. Left female chelicera (and palp), showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Right male cheliceral fang with process (arrow), distal view. D. Male sternal hump. E. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. F. Female ALS. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C–F), 20 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791800/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">13C</figureCitation>
). Similar chelicerae occur only in the distantly related Modisiminae genus 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797DC0FD84A2A5D2C2" authority="Huber. Further" authorityName="Huber. Further" authorityYear="2000" box="[465,746,623,649]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Chibchea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797DC0FD84A273D2C2" box="[465,572,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Chibchea</emphasis>
Huber. Further
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distinguished by dorsal process on procursus (
<figureCitation id="E5A682811172667978ECFD84A515D2C1" box="[1277,1370,623,650]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Figs 7B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797977FD84A5D7D2C2" box="[1382,1432,623,649]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[151,198,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A–D. Right male palp in retrolateral to dorsal views. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ (and neighboring sensilla). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; ta, tarsus; to, tarsal organ. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791802/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">14B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797C86FD78A086D2E6" box="[151,201,659,685]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[151,198,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, male from Colombia, near Papayal. A–C. Right palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. D–F. Left palp, prolateral-ventral to prolateral-dorsal views. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; ra, retrolateral-dorsal apophysis of genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ; va, ventral apophyses of genital bulb. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791816/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">21B</figureCitation>
; similar only in the southern South American genus 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797F37FD7FA3A1D2E6" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[806,1006,659,686]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Guaranita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797F37FD7FA3D4D2E5" box="[806,923,660,686]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Guaranita</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
), and by retrolateral distal process on procursus (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797D04FD5CA13DD299" box="[277,370,695,722]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Figs 7B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797D91FD5CA1FED29A" box="[384,433,695,721]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[151,198,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A–D. Right male palp in retrolateral to dorsal views. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ (and neighboring sensilla). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; ta, tarsus; to, tarsal organ. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791802/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">14B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797DAFFD5CA1BFD29A" box="[446,496,695,721]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[151,198,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, male from Colombia, near Papayal. A–C. Right palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. D–F. Left palp, prolateral-ventral to prolateral-dorsal views. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; ra, retrolateral-dorsal apophysis of genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ; va, ventral apophyses of genital bulb. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791816/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">21B</figureCitation>
). Females are externally very similar to other small New World 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE5871172667978C2FD5CA50FD29A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[1235,1344,695,721]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ninetinae">Ninetinae</taxonomicName>
such as 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797C86FD37A143D2BD" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,268,732,758]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Guaranita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797C86FD37A143D2BD" box="[151,268,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Guaranita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797D0CFD30A18ED2BE" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[285,449,731,757]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797D0CFD30A121D2BE" box="[285,366,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Tolteca</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797E13FD30A2F2D2BE" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[514,701,731,757]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Kambiwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797E13FD30A222D2BE" box="[514,621,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Kambiwa</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
(in terms of body size, body shape, coloration, leg length, and simple epigynal plate); distinguished from these by internal genitalia: large membranous structure (
<figureCitation id="E5A682811172667978E4FD14A52FD352" box="[1269,1376,767,793]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[151,198,1161,1185]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 11. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) females from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach; ZFMK Gal55. A, B. Abdomens, ventral views. C, D. Cleared internal genitalia, dorsal views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791795/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Figs 11D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A6828111726679797DFD14A5D7D352" box="[1388,1432,767,793]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[151,198,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-70@21.[151,1436,309,1631]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 16. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n.; females from Colombia, Santa Marta, ZFMK Ar 24219. A, B. Abdomens, ventral views. C, E. Cleared internal genitalia, ventral views. D, F. Same as preceding, dorsal views; arrow points at distinctive sclerite in ventral wall of uterus externus.Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791806/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">16F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117266797C86FCC8A086D376" box="[151,201,803,829]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[151,198,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-17@28.[151,1436,181,1795]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 24. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020; female abdomens, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows point at distinctive median membranous processes. A, D, E. Papayal morph, from Colombia, Papayal, ZFMK Ar 24221. B, F, G. Riohacha morph, from Colombia, Riohacha, ZFMK Ar 24220. C, H, I. Pueblo Bello morph, from Colombia, ESE of Pueblo Bello, ZFMK Ar 24222. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791822/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">24G</figureCitation>
) rather than pair of receptacles (
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797E24FCC8A2C9D376" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[565,646,803,829]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Tolteca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797E24FCC8A2C9D376" box="[565,646,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Tolteca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or median receptacle (
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797F81FCCFA44AD375" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[912,1029,804,830]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Guaranita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797F81FCCFA44AD375" box="[912,1029,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Guaranita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797802FCC8A431D376" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1043,1150,803,829]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Kambiwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797802FCC8A431D376" box="[1043,1150,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Kambiwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="29E2CE8C117266797C86F8C1A35FD7E5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791771" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791771/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" startId="6.[151,198,1834,1858]" targetBox="[151,1436,889,1810]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7D229E04117266797C86F8C1A35FD7E5" blockId="6.[151,1436,1834,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797C86F8C1A0ABD709" bold="true" box="[151,228,1834,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">FIG. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797CFAF8C1A1F1D708" authority="Huber, 2000" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[235,446,1834,1859]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797CFAF8C1A178D709" box="[235,311,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">Galapa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117266797D2FF8C1A1F1D708" author="Huber, B. A." box="[318,446,1834,1859]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, live specimens. 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797E7CF8C1A2EBD709" bold="true" box="[621,676,1834,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">A–D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797EBAF8C0A32AD709" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[683,869,1834,1858]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797EBAF8C0A351D709" box="[683,798,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">G. murphyi</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54DAFF6D117266797F7DF8C0A3EBD709" box="[876,932,1835,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; male and female with egg sac from W of Cañas; female with egg-sac from near Playa Iguanita, and female in web (in glass vial) from near Playa Iguanita. 
<emphasis id="4FE942161172667978D0F8A4A4BDD72C" bold="true" box="[1217,1266,1871,1895]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">E–F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE5871172667978E9F8A4A5D3D72D" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[1272,1436,1870,1894]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabito" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="4FE942161172667978E9F8A4A518D72D" box="[1272,1367,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">G. gabito</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54DAFF6D117266797C86F898A080D7C1" box="[151,207,1907,1930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; male and female with egg sac from Santa Marta. 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797EDCF899A347D7C1" bold="true" box="[717,776,1906,1930]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">G–H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797F1FF898A455D7C0" authority="Huber, 2020" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[782,1050,1906,1931]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniphila">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797F1FF898A3DDD7C1" box="[782,914,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">G. spiniphila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117266797F88F899A455D7C0" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Villarreal, O." box="[921,1050,1906,1931]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref19980" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; Villarreal, O. (2020) On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 718, 1 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2020.718.1101" type="journal article" year="2020">Huber, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; male and female with egg sac from S of Riohacha. 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797D0EF87CA160D7E4" bold="true" box="[287,303,1943,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">I.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117266797D24F87CA1F6D7E5" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[309,441,1942,1966]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="307" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniphila">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117266797D24F87CA1F6D7E5" box="[309,441,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="307">G. spiniphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; male from ESE of Pueblo Bello.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="3587CD8F117366757CD6FF7DA3AFD3A6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" type="description">
<paragraph id="7D229E04117366787CD6FF7DA2F0D0FB" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,716]" box="[199,703,150,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117366787CD6FF7DA11ED0FB" bold="true" box="[199,337,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Description</emphasis>
(amendments; see 
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117366787E38FF7DA2FCD0FB" author="Huber, B. A." box="[553,691,150,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117366787CD6FF51A14ED09F" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,716]" box="[199,257,186,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Male</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117366787CD6FF35A5D2D10A" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">MEASUREMENTS.Total body length~1.0–1.5.Male carapace width0.38–0.60.Distance PME-PME35–45µm; diameter PME30–45 µm;distance PME-ALE 15µm;distanceAME-AME 10–15 µm;diameterAME 15–30µm.Tibia 1 length 0.41–0.74.Tibia 1 L/d:9–10.Leg formula 4123. Diameters of leg femora 0.075–0.10, of leg tibiae:0.05–0.06.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117366787CD6FEA1A3BAD1C3" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">COLOUR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs pale ochre-yellow, carapace without pattern, legs without darker rings; abdomen ochre-grey, monochromous or with indistinct internal marks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117366787CD6FE79A185D287" blockId="7.[151,1437,150,716]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
BODY. Ocular area not raised. Carapace without thoracic groove (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787FB7FE79A44CD1E7" box="[934,1027,402,428]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figs 6A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A6828111736678781CFE79A40FD1E7" box="[1037,1088,402,428]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[151,198,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-165@24.[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A. Male prosoma, frontal view. B. Female ocular area, frontal-dorsal view. C. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. D. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. E. Male gonopore. F. Epigynum, ventral view.Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, F), 20 µm (B, E), 10 µm (C), 2 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791814/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">20A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A6828111736678785AFE79A4CFD1E7" box="[1099,1152,402,428]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[151,198,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-242@31.[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 27. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A, B. Male prosoma, frontal and lateral views. C. Male ocular area and clypeus, oblique frontal view. D. Female ocular area and clypeus, lateral view. E. Process on right male cheliceral fang. F. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. G. Lateral side of left female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791828/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">27A</figureCitation>
). Clypeus either not more protruding than in females (
<collectingRegion id="BF5950E6117366787DC6FE5DA200D19B" box="[471,591,438,464]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
species) or slightly more protruding than in females and with sclerotized rim (mainland species), in 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117366787DDBFE30A204D1BF" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[458,587,474,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117366787DDBFE30A204D1BF" box="[458,587,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">G. murphyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also with cluster of sexually dimorphic hairs (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787873FE31A484D1BF" box="[1122,1227,474,500]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[151,198,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-242@31.[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 27. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A, B. Male prosoma, frontal and lateral views. C. Male ocular area and clypeus, oblique frontal view. D. Female ocular area and clypeus, lateral view. E. Process on right male cheliceral fang. F. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. G. Lateral side of left female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791828/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 27C</figureCitation>
). Sternum slightly wider than long, with pair of indistinct anterior humps near coxae 1 (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787F8FFE15A449D253" box="[926,1030,510,536]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[151,198,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. B. Left female chelicera (and palp), showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Right male cheliceral fang with process (arrow), distal view. D. Male sternal hump. E. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. F. Female ALS. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C–F), 20 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
; ~5–20 µm high, 20 µm diameter at basis). Abdomen globular. Gonopore either with four epiandrous spigots arranged in two pairs (
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE5871173667878D9FDC8A562D277" authorityName="Gertsch &amp; Peck" authorityYear="1992" box="[1224,1325,546,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baerti">
<emphasis id="4FE942161173667878D9FDC8A562D277" box="[1224,1325,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">G. baerti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE58711736678792AFDC8A5DAD277" box="[1339,1429,546,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="4FE9421611736678792AFDC8A5DAD277" box="[1339,1429,546,573]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">G. bella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117366787C86FDACA14DD22B" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,258,582,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabito">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117366787C86FDACA14DD22B" box="[151,258,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">G. gabito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787D03FDADA127D22B" box="[274,360,582,608]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figs 6F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787D65FDADA1EBD22B" box="[372,420,582,608]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[151,198,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. B. Left female chelicera (and palp), showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Right male cheliceral fang with process (arrow), distal view. D. Male sternal hump. E. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. F. Female ALS. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C–F), 20 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">13E</figureCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117366787E03FDADA2D3D22B" author="Huber, B. A." box="[530,668,582,608]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 127) or without epiandrous spigots (
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117366787863FDACA54AD22B" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[1138,1285,582,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniphila">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117366787863FDACA54AD22B" box="[1138,1285,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">G. spiniphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117366787905FDACA5DBD22B" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[1300,1428,582,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117366787905FDACA5DBD22B" box="[1300,1428,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">G. murphyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787C86FD81A0B1D2CF" box="[151,254,618,644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[151,198,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-165@24.[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A. Male prosoma, frontal view. B. Female ocular area, frontal-dorsal view. C. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. D. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. E. Male gonopore. F. Epigynum, ventral view.Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, F), 20 µm (B, E), 10 µm (C), 2 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791814/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figs 20E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787D1BFD81A116D2CF" box="[266,345,618,644]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[151,198,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-219@32.[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 28. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. Male ALS and PMS. B, C. Female ALS and PMS. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E, F. Male gonopores of two specimens, ventral views. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, E, F), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791832/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">28E, F</figureCitation>
). ALS with one strongly widened spigot, one long pointed spigot, and five cylindrical spigots, of which one is much wider than the others (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787E6BFD65A298D2E3" box="[634,727,654,680]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figs 6C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787EF4FD65A375D2E2" box="[741,826,654,681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[151,198,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,487,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-150@26.[158,1430,487,1792]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 22. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A, B. Male ALS and PMS. C. Female spinnerets. D. Female ALS and PMS. E. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of right male tarsus 3, prolateral view. Abbreviations:ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B, D–F), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791818/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">22A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787F59FD65A332D2E3" box="[840,893,654,680]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[151,198,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-219@32.[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 28. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. Male ALS and PMS. B, C. Female ALS and PMS. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E, F. Male gonopores of two specimens, ventral views. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, E, F), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791832/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">28A</figureCitation>
); PMS with two conical spigots (
<figureCitation id="E5A682811173667878EBFD65A518D2E3" box="[1274,1367,654,680]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figs 6C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787974FD65A5D8D2E3" box="[1381,1431,654,680]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[151,198,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,487,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-150@26.[158,1430,487,1792]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 22. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A, B. Male ALS and PMS. C. Female spinnerets. D. Female ALS and PMS. E. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of right male tarsus 3, prolateral view. Abbreviations:ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B, D–F), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791818/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">22A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787C86FD59A083D287" box="[151,204,690,716]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[151,198,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-219@32.[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 28. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. Male ALS and PMS. B, C. Female ALS and PMS. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E, F. Male gonopores of two specimens, ventral views. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, E, F), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791832/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">28A</figureCitation>
); PLS without spigots.
</paragraph>
<caption id="29E2CE8C117366787C86F9DFA330D6DF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791775" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791775/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" startId="7.[151,198,1588,1612]" targetBox="[154,1432,743,1562]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7D229E04117366787C86F9DFA330D6DF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1588,1684]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117366787C86F9DFA0ADD607" bold="true" box="[151,226,1588,1612]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">FIG. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117366787CF6F9DFA12BD607" box="[231,356,1588,1612]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117366787CF6F9DFA17CD607" box="[231,307,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Galapa</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, male chelicerae, frontal views. Note unmodified main segments (except for stridulatory files) and processes on fangs (arrows). 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117366787D46F9B3A13FD63B" bold="true" box="[343,368,1624,1648]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117366787D67F9B3A260D63B" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[374,559,1624,1648]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117366787D67F9B3A1A6D63B" box="[374,489,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">G. murphyi</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="54DAFF6D117366787E27F9B2A223D63B" box="[566,620,1625,1648]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita, ZFMK Ar 24224. 
<emphasis id="4FE942161173667878BEF9B3A489D63B" bold="true" box="[1199,1222,1624,1648]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE5871173667878DCF9B3A085D6DF" authority="Huber, 2020" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="308" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniphila">
<emphasis id="4FE942161173667878DCF9B3A51ED63B" box="[1229,1361,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">G. spiniphila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117366787949F9B3A085D6DF" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Villarreal, O." pageId="7" pageNumber="308" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref19980" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; Villarreal, O. (2020) On Venezuelan pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 718, 1 - 317. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2020.718.1101" type="journal article" year="2020">Huber, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from Colombia, near Papayal, ZFMK Ar 24221. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117366787CD6F90DA192D727" blockId="7.[151,1437,1766,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
CHELICERAE. Chelicerae main segment unmodified (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787F57F90DA3C2D74B" box="[838,909,1766,1792]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[151,198,1588,1612]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,743,1562]" captionTargetId="figure-253@7.[151,1437,740,1564]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. Galapa spp., male chelicerae, frontal views. Note unmodified main segments (except for stridulatory files) and processes on fangs (arrows). A. G. murphyi Huber sp. n. from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita, ZFMK Ar 24224. B. G. spiniphila Huber, 2020 from Colombia, near Papayal, ZFMK Ar 24221. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791775" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791775/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); with stridulatory files consisting of ~30–50 ridges, distances between ridges either constant throughout (1.5–1.6 µm) or wider proximally (2.0 µm) than distally (1.1 µm), either with or without further fine subdivision (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787F20F8C5A3C0D703" box="[817,911,1838,1864]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figs 8B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787F8FF8C5A39FD703" box="[926,976,1838,1864]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[151,198,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. B. Left female chelicera (and palp), showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Right male cheliceral fang with process (arrow), distal view. D. Male sternal hump. E. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. F. Female ALS. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C–F), 20 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">13A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787FCEF8C5A45FD703" box="[991,1040,1838,1864]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[151,198,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-165@24.[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A. Male prosoma, frontal view. B. Female ocular area, frontal-dorsal view. C. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. D. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. E. Male gonopore. F. Epigynum, ventral view.Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, F), 20 µm (B, E), 10 µm (C), 2 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791814/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">20C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A6828111736678780FF8C5A401D703" box="[1054,1102,1838,1864]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[151,198,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-242@31.[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 27. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A, B. Male prosoma, frontal and lateral views. C. Male ocular area and clypeus, oblique frontal view. D. Female ocular area and clypeus, lateral view. E. Process on right male cheliceral fang. F. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. G. Lateral side of left female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791828/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">27F</figureCitation>
). Fang with curved proximal process (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787CEBF8B9A118D727" box="[250,343,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figs 8A</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787D72F8B9A1DBD727" box="[355,404,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[151,198,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. B. Left female chelicera (and palp), showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Right male cheliceral fang with process (arrow), distal view. D. Male sternal hump. E. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. F. Female ALS. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C–F), 20 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791800/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">13C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787DB1F8B9A19ED727" box="[416,465,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[151,198,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-242@31.[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 27. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A, B. Male prosoma, frontal and lateral views. C. Male ocular area and clypeus, oblique frontal view. D. Female ocular area and clypeus, lateral view. E. Process on right male cheliceral fang. F. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. G. Lateral side of left female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791828/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">27E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117366777CD6F89DA1C8D1E6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1766,2009]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,825]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="309" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">
PALPS. Palpal coxa unmodified. Trochanter without process or with very short ventral protrusion. Femur proximally with prolateral stridulatory pick (modified hair; 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787F55F871A3EFD7FF" box="[836,928,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">Figs 8C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117366787FBFF871A3ADD7FF" box="[942,994,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[151,198,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-165@24.[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A. Male prosoma, frontal view. B. Female ocular area, frontal-dorsal view. C. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. D. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. E. Male gonopore. F. Epigynum, ventral view.Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, F), 20 µm (B, E), 10 µm (C), 2 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791814/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="308">20D</figureCitation>
), distally slightly widened but without modification. Femur-patella joints variably shifted towards prolateral side. Tibia oval, with two trichobothria. Tibia-tarsus joints slightly shifted towards retrolateral side. Palpal tarsal organ weakly to strongly raised (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777906FF7CA5D7D0FA" box="[1303,1432,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,198,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-225@14.[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male palpal tarsus, dorsal view, showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). B, C. Male palpal tarsal organ. D–F. Tarsal organs on female tarsus 2, male tarsus 4, and male tarsus 1. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B), 2 µm (C–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791791/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 9A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777C86FF50A088D09E" box="[151,199,187,213]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[151,198,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A–D. Right male palp in retrolateral to dorsal views. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ (and neighboring sensilla). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; ta, tarsus; to, tarsal organ. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791802/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">14E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777CC5FF50A148D09E" box="[212,263,187,213]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[151,198,1429,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[151,1436,181,1405]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 23. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A. Right male tibia 2, prolateral view, showing regular mechanoreceptors and sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’. B. Right male tibia 1, prolateral view, showing sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’ (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor). C. Trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 2. D. Male palpal tarsal organ. E. Tarsal organ on left female tarsus 3. F. Cuticular plate (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on female femur 4. G. Rimmed pore (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on left female metatarsus 3. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C, F), 2 µm (B, D, E, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791820/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">23D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777D05FF50A10AD09E" box="[276,325,187,213]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="33.[151,198,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIG. 29. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A–D. Left male palp, retrolateral-dorsal to prolateral ventral views; arrow in D points at prolateral distal apophysis. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ and subterminal invagination (arrow). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ (covered by dirt). Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791834/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">29E</figureCitation>
; see also 
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117C66777DA5FF50A270D09E" author="Huber, B. A." box="[436,575,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 77), diameter 4.1–6.7 µm, diameter of opening 1.0–1.7 µm. Procursus retrolateral distal process simple (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777E31FF34A230D0B2" box="[544,639,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 7B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777E9EFF34A28FD0B2" box="[655,704,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[151,198,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A–D. Right male palp in retrolateral to dorsal views. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ (and neighboring sensilla). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; ta, tarsus; to, tarsal organ. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791802/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">14B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777EDEFF34A2B0D0B2" box="[719,767,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[151,198,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, male from Colombia, near Papayal. A–C. Right palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. D–F. Left palp, prolateral-ventral to prolateral-dorsal views. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; ra, retrolateral-dorsal apophysis of genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ; va, ventral apophyses of genital bulb. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791816/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">21B</figureCitation>
) or bifid (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777F6DFF34A3AAD0B2" box="[892,997,222,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[151,198,924,948]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,182,901]" captionTargetId="figure-17@30.[151,1436,181,901]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 25. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n.; from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita, ZFMK Ar 24224. Left male palp in prolateral (A), dorsal (B), and retrolateral (C) views; arrow in A points at prolateral distal apophysis. Abbreviations: da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791824/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777FE5FF34A468D0B2" box="[1012,1063,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="33.[151,198,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIG. 29. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A–D. Left male palp, retrolateral-dorsal to prolateral ventral views; arrow in D points at prolateral distal apophysis. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ and subterminal invagination (arrow). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ (covered by dirt). Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791834/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">29C</figureCitation>
); dorsal process curved towards prolateral; tip of dorsal process covered by large flap of genital bulb or lodged in pocket of genital bulb (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C6677792AFEE8A5D8D156" box="[1339,1431,259,285]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 7B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777C86FECCA086D10A" box="[151,201,295,321]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[151,198,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A–D. Right male palp in retrolateral to dorsal views. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ (and neighboring sensilla). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; ta, tarsus; to, tarsal organ. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791802/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">14B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777CC7FECCA147D10A" box="[214,264,295,321]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[151,198,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, male from Colombia, near Papayal. A–C. Right palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. D–F. Left palp, prolateral-ventral to prolateral-dorsal views. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; ra, retrolateral-dorsal apophysis of genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ; va, ventral apophyses of genital bulb. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791816/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">21B</figureCitation>
). Genital bulb with distal apophysis (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777EA4FECCA35DD10A" box="[693,786,295,321]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 7B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777F31FECCA33CD10A" box="[800,883,295,321]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[151,198,956,980]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,185,927]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 17. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020; ‘Papayal morph’ from Colombia, Papayal, ZFMK Ar 24221. Left male palp in prolateral (A), dorsal (B), and retrolateral (C) views. Abbreviations: da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; ra, retrolateral-dorsal apophysis of genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; va, ventral apophyses of genital bulb. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791808/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">17B, C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777F90FECDA39AD10A" box="[897,981,294,321]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[151,198,924,948]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,182,901]" captionTargetId="figure-17@30.[151,1436,181,901]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 25. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n.; from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita, ZFMK Ar 24224. Left male palp in prolateral (A), dorsal (B), and retrolateral (C) views; arrow in A points at prolateral distal apophysis. Abbreviations: da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791824/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">25B, C</figureCitation>
), in 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117C6677781BFECCA4D1D10A" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[1034,1182,295,321]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniphila">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117C6677781BFECCA4D1D10A" box="[1034,1182,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">G. spiniphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also with retrolateral-dorsal process and pair of ventral processes (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777E87FEA0A2A1D12E" box="[662,750,331,357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[151,198,956,980]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,185,927]" captionTargetId="figure-17@22.[151,1436,181,932]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 17. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020; ‘Papayal morph’ from Colombia, Papayal, ZFMK Ar 24221. Left male palp in prolateral (A), dorsal (B), and retrolateral (C) views. Abbreviations: da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; ra, retrolateral-dorsal apophysis of genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; va, ventral apophyses of genital bulb. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791808/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777EEAFEA0A31FD12E" box="[763,848,331,357]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[151,198,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, male from Colombia, near Papayal. A–C. Right palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. D–F. Left palp, prolateral-ventral to prolateral-dorsal views. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; ra, retrolateral-dorsal apophysis of genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ; va, ventral apophyses of genital bulb. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791816/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">21C, D</figureCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117C66777F94FEA0A3BFD12E" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[901,1008,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabito">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117C66777F94FEA0A3BFD12E" box="[901,1008,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">G. gabito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117C66777838FEA0A4E6D12E" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[1065,1193,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117C66777838FEA0A4E6D12E" box="[1065,1193,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">G. murphyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with small prolateral distal apophysis (arrows in 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777DC2FE84A271D1C2" box="[467,574,367,393]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="17.[151,198,1032,1056]" captionTargetBox="[154,1429,181,1008]" captionTargetId="figure-17@17.[151,1436,181,1008]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIG. 12. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n.; from Colombia, Santa Marta, ZFMK Ar 24219. Left male palp in prolateral (A), dorsal (B), and retrolateral (C) views; arrow in B points at prolateral distal apophysis. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; c, coxa; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; f, femur; pa, patella; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trochanter. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791798" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791798/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 12B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777E5AFE85A231D1C2" box="[587,638,366,393]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="30.[151,198,924,948]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,182,901]" captionTargetId="figure-17@30.[151,1436,181,901]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIG. 25. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n.; from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita, ZFMK Ar 24224. Left male palp in prolateral (A), dorsal (B), and retrolateral (C) views; arrow in A points at prolateral distal apophysis. Abbreviations: da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus. Scale bar: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791824/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">25A</figureCitation>
; 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777E9DFE84A28ED1C2" box="[652,705,367,393]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="33.[151,198,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIG. 29. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A–D. Left male palp, retrolateral-dorsal to prolateral ventral views; arrow in D points at prolateral distal apophysis. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ and subterminal invagination (arrow). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ (covered by dirt). Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791834/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">29D</figureCitation>
); sperm duct opening on prolateral-ventral side directly on bulb (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777C8EFE78A0B3D1E6" box="[159,252,403,429]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[151,198,1889,1913]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetId="figure-96@12.[151,1436,345,1866]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 7. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992), male from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A–D. Left palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. E–G. Right palp, prolateral to dorsal views. H. Genital bulb, prolateral-ventral view, showing position of sperm duct opening. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; f, femur; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791785/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 7H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777D19FE78A175D1E6" box="[264,314,403,429]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="25.[151,198,1548,1572]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[151,1436,181,1524]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIG. 21. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, male from Colombia, near Papayal. A–C. Right palp, retrolateral to dorsal views. D–F. Left palp, prolateral-ventral to prolateral-dorsal views. Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; ra, retrolateral-dorsal apophysis of genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ; va, ventral apophyses of genital bulb. Scale bars: 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791816" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791816/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">21D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777D57FE78A134D1E6" box="[326,379,403,429]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="33.[151,198,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIG. 29. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A–D. Left male palp, retrolateral-dorsal to prolateral ventral views; arrow in D points at prolateral distal apophysis. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ and subterminal invagination (arrow). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ (covered by dirt). Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791834/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">29D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117C66777CD6FE5CA257D372" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
LEGS. Without spines and curved hairs. Without slender metatarsal hairs (as described in 
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117C667778AAFE5CA5DFD19A" author="Huber, B. A. &amp; Meng, G. &amp; Kral, J. &amp; Avila Herrera, I. M. &amp; Izquierdo, M. A." box="[1211,1424,439,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="32 - 80" refId="ref20263" refString="Huber, B. A., Meng, G., Kral, J., Avila Herrera, I. M. &amp; Izquierdo, M. A. (2023 c) Revision of the South American Ninetinae genus Guaranita (Araneae, Pholcidae). European Journal of Taxonomy, 900, 32 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2023.900.2301" type="journal article" year="2023">
Huber 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117C66777919FE5CA50ED19A" box="[1288,1345,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">et al.</emphasis>
2023c
</bibRefCitation>
). Sexually dimorphic short vertical hairs present on tibiae 1 and 2 (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777F64FE30A3BDD1BE" box="[885,1010,475,501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 8E–H</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777FEFFE31A41ED1BE" box="[1022,1105,474,501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[151,198,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[151,1436,181,1463]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A, B. Sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’ on right male tibiae 1 and 2. C. Trichobothrium on male metatarsus 4. D. Cuticular plate (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on male metatarsus 4. E. Rimmed pore on male tarsus 3. F. Tip of right female tarsus 2, prolateral view (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F), 2 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791804/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">15A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C6677784CFE30A4FED1BE" box="[1117,1201,475,501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[151,198,1429,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[151,1436,181,1405]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 23. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A. Right male tibia 2, prolateral view, showing regular mechanoreceptors and sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’. B. Right male tibia 1, prolateral view, showing sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’ (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor). C. Trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 2. D. Male palpal tarsal organ. E. Tarsal organ on left female tarsus 3. F. Cuticular plate (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on female femur 4. G. Rimmed pore (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on left female metatarsus 3. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C, F), 2 µm (B, D, E, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791820/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">23A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C667778ACFE30A4BFD1BE" box="[1213,1264,475,501]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[151,198,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-91@34.[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 30. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. ‘Short vertical hairs’ on right male tibia 1, prolateral view. B. Distal end of right male metatarsus 1, prolateral view, showing putative chemoreceptors (arrows). C. Putative chemoreceptor on male metatarsus 4, retrolateral view. D. Basis of trichobothrium on male tibia 4. E. Basis of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 3, together with cuticular plate (arrow) and regular mechanoreceptor. F. Tip of left male tarsus 2, retrolateral view. G. Tip of left female tarsus 3, retrolateral view. H. Tip of left female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B, E–H), 2 µm (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791836/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">30A</figureCitation>
), barely visible in dissecting microscope, length ~15–17 µm, diameter at basis 1.0–1.2 µm. Chemoreceptive hairs similar in size (length ~10–14 µm, diameter at basis 1.3–1.7 µm) but with side branch (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777FF5FDC8A421D276" box="[996,1134,547,573]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[151,198,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-91@34.[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 30. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. ‘Short vertical hairs’ on right male tibia 1, prolateral view. B. Distal end of right male metatarsus 1, prolateral view, showing putative chemoreceptors (arrows). C. Putative chemoreceptor on male metatarsus 4, retrolateral view. D. Basis of trichobothrium on male tibia 4. E. Basis of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 3, together with cuticular plate (arrow) and regular mechanoreceptor. F. Tip of left male tarsus 2, retrolateral view. G. Tip of left female tarsus 3, retrolateral view. H. Tip of left female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B, E–H), 2 µm (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791836/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 30B, C</figureCitation>
) and mostly near leg tips. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1 at 52–66%. Prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1. Base of trichobothria either evenly rounded (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777D8BFD80A24FD2CE" box="[410,512,619,645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
) or with proximal ridge (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777F08FD80A3CCD2CE" box="[793,899,618,645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[151,198,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[151,1436,181,1463]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A, B. Sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’ on right male tibiae 1 and 2. C. Trichobothrium on male metatarsus 4. D. Cuticular plate (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on male metatarsus 4. E. Rimmed pore on male tarsus 3. F. Tip of right female tarsus 2, prolateral view (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F), 2 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791804/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 15C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777F9FFD80A3AED2CE" box="[910,993,619,645]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[151,198,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-91@34.[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 30. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. ‘Short vertical hairs’ on right male tibia 1, prolateral view. B. Distal end of right male metatarsus 1, prolateral view, showing putative chemoreceptors (arrows). C. Putative chemoreceptor on male metatarsus 4, retrolateral view. D. Basis of trichobothrium on male tibia 4. E. Basis of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 3, together with cuticular plate (arrow) and regular mechanoreceptor. F. Tip of left male tarsus 2, retrolateral view. G. Tip of left female tarsus 3, retrolateral view. H. Tip of left female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B, E–H), 2 µm (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791836/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">30D, E</figureCitation>
). Legs with round cuticular plates (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C6677797BFD80A0A3D2E2" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 10A, B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777CEBFD65A162D2E2" box="[250,301,654,681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[151,198,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[151,1436,181,1463]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A, B. Sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’ on right male tibiae 1 and 2. C. Trichobothrium on male metatarsus 4. D. Cuticular plate (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on male metatarsus 4. E. Rimmed pore on male tarsus 3. F. Tip of right female tarsus 2, prolateral view (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F), 2 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791804/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">15D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777D2BFD64A129D2E2" box="[314,358,655,681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[151,198,1429,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[151,1436,181,1405]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 23. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A. Right male tibia 2, prolateral view, showing regular mechanoreceptors and sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’. B. Right male tibia 1, prolateral view, showing sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’ (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor). C. Trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 2. D. Male palpal tarsal organ. E. Tarsal organ on left female tarsus 3. F. Cuticular plate (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on female femur 4. G. Rimmed pore (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on left female metatarsus 3. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C, F), 2 µm (B, D, E, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791820/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">23F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777D65FD64A1ECD2E2" box="[372,419,655,681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[151,198,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-91@34.[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 30. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. ‘Short vertical hairs’ on right male tibia 1, prolateral view. B. Distal end of right male metatarsus 1, prolateral view, showing putative chemoreceptors (arrows). C. Putative chemoreceptor on male metatarsus 4, retrolateral view. D. Basis of trichobothrium on male tibia 4. E. Basis of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 3, together with cuticular plate (arrow) and regular mechanoreceptor. F. Tip of left male tarsus 2, retrolateral view. G. Tip of left female tarsus 3, retrolateral view. H. Tip of left female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B, E–H), 2 µm (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791836/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">30E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777DA0FD64A190D2E2" box="[433,479,655,681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[151,198,1506,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[151,1436,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 31. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. Tarsal organ on left male tarsus 1. B, C. Tarsal organ and regular mechanoreceptors on left male tarsus 2; arrow points at slit sensillum. D. Tarsal organ on left male tarsus 4. E. Tarsal organ on left female tarsus 4. F. Cuticular plate and rimmed pore (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on left male metatarsus 4, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 µm (A–C, E), 1 µm (D), 10 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">31F</figureCitation>
; diameter 4–7 µm) and rimmed pores (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777FB3FD64A47ED2E2" box="[930,1073,655,681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 10A–C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C6677782FFD65A421D2E2" box="[1086,1134,654,681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[151,198,1487,1511]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1463]" captionTargetId="figure-17@20.[151,1436,181,1463]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 15. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A, B. Sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’ on right male tibiae 1 and 2. C. Trichobothrium on male metatarsus 4. D. Cuticular plate (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on male metatarsus 4. E. Rimmed pore on male tarsus 3. F. Tip of right female tarsus 2, prolateral view (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F), 2 µm (D, E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791804/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">15E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C6677786AFD64A4E1D2E2" box="[1147,1198,655,681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="27.[151,198,1429,1453]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1405]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[151,1436,181,1405]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIG. 23. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A. Right male tibia 2, prolateral view, showing regular mechanoreceptors and sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’. B. Right male tibia 1, prolateral view, showing sexually dimorphic ‘short vertical hairs’ (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor). C. Trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 2. D. Male palpal tarsal organ. E. Tarsal organ on left female tarsus 3. F. Cuticular plate (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on female femur 4. G. Rimmed pore (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on left female metatarsus 3. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C, F), 2 µm (B, D, E, G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791820" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791820/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">23G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C667778AAFD64A4A5D2E2" box="[1211,1258,655,681]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[151,198,1506,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[151,1436,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 31. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. Tarsal organ on left male tarsus 1. B, C. Tarsal organ and regular mechanoreceptors on left male tarsus 2; arrow points at slit sensillum. D. Tarsal organ on left male tarsus 4. E. Tarsal organ on left female tarsus 4. F. Cuticular plate and rimmed pore (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on left male metatarsus 4, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 µm (A–C, E), 1 µm (D), 10 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">31F</figureCitation>
; outer diameter 3.0–3.7 µm, diameter of opening 0.2–0.4 µm) apparently on all leg segments. Tarsus 1 with five pseudosegments, fairly distinct. Leg tarsal organs capsulate (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777E6FFD3CA2B7D2BA" box="[638,760,727,753]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[151,198,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-225@14.[151,1436,633,1910]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 9. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male palpal tarsus, dorsal view, showing position of tarsal organ (arrow). B, C. Male palpal tarsal organ. D–F. Tarsal organs on female tarsus 2, male tarsus 4, and male tarsus 1. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B), 2 µm (C–F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791791/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 9D–F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777F15FD3CA318D2BA" box="[772,855,727,753]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="35.[151,198,1506,1530]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[151,1436,181,1482]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIG. 31. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. Tarsal organ on left male tarsus 1. B, C. Tarsal organ and regular mechanoreceptors on left male tarsus 2; arrow points at slit sensillum. D. Tarsal organ on left male tarsus 4. E. Tarsal organ on left female tarsus 4. F. Cuticular plate and rimmed pore (and basis of regular mechanoreceptor) on left male metatarsus 4, dorsal view. Scale bars: 2 µm (A–C, E), 1 µm (D), 10 µm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791838" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791838/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">31A–E</figureCitation>
; diameter 2.0–4.5 µm, diameter of opening 0.7–1.4 µm). Main tarsal claws with ~9–11 tines (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777E61FD10A299D35E" box="[624,726,763,789]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Figs 10F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777EF3FD10A340D35E" box="[738,783,763,789]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[151,198,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,487,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-150@26.[158,1430,487,1792]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 22. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A, B. Male ALS and PMS. C. Female spinnerets. D. Female ALS and PMS. E. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of right male tarsus 3, prolateral view. Abbreviations:ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B, D–F), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791818/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">22F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777F0BFD10A305D35E" box="[794,842,763,789]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="34.[151,198,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-91@34.[151,1436,345,1786]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIG. 30. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. ‘Short vertical hairs’ on right male tibia 1, prolateral view. B. Distal end of right male metatarsus 1, prolateral view, showing putative chemoreceptors (arrows). C. Putative chemoreceptor on male metatarsus 4, retrolateral view. D. Basis of trichobothrium on male tibia 4. E. Basis of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 3, together with cuticular plate (arrow) and regular mechanoreceptor. F. Tip of left male tarsus 2, retrolateral view. G. Tip of left female tarsus 3, retrolateral view. H. Tip of left female tarsus 4, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B, E–H), 2 µm (C, D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791836/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">30F</figureCitation>
). Claws of tarsus 4 different from others (tines more directed towards distal; 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117C66777DB2FCF4A244D372" box="[419,523,799,825]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[151,198,1784,1808]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetId="figure-87@15.[151,1436,309,1761]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 10. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A, B. Rimmed pores and cuticular plates on male tibia 4 and on female tibia 2. C. Rimmed pore on male metatarsus 2. D. Base of trichobothrium on left male metatarsus 1. E. Right male metatarsus-tarsus joint, retrolateral-dorsal view. F, G. Tips of right male tarsi 3 and 4, retrolateral views (arrows: putative chemoreceptors). Scale bars: 2 µm (A, B), 1 µm (C), 10 µm (D–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791793" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791793/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="29E2CE8C117C66777C86F829A2E6D791" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791777" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791777" box="[151,681,1986,2010]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791777/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" startId="8.[151,198,1986,2010]" targetBox="[151,1435,849,1963]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7D229E04117C66777C86F829A2E6D791" blockId="8.[151,681,1986,2010]" box="[151,681,1986,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117C66777C86F829A0ABD791" bold="true" box="[151,228,1986,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">FIG. 4.</emphasis>
Known distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117C66777DC3F829A2EAD791" authority="Huber, 2000" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[466,677,1986,2010]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117C66777DC3F829A251D791" box="[466,542,1986,2010]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="309">Galapa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117C66777E35F829A2EAD791" author="Huber, B. A." box="[548,677,1986,2010]" pageId="8" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="29E2CE8C117D66767C86F97FA3BFD6BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791781" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10791781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791781/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" startId="9.[151,198,1684,1708]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1660]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7D229E04117D66767C86F97FA3BFD6BE" blockId="9.[151,1437,1684,1781]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D66767C86F97FA0AAD6E6" bold="true" box="[151,229,1684,1709]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">FIG. 5.</emphasis>
Typical habitats of 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117D66767DA5F97FA204D6E7" box="[436,587,1684,1708]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-A">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D66767DA5F97FA24FD6E7" box="[436,512,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Galapa</emphasis>
spp. 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D66767E28F97FA204D6E7" bold="true" box="[569,587,1684,1708]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">A</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D66767E5AF97FA220D6E6" bold="true" box="[587,623,1684,1709]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">–B.</emphasis>
Galápagos, Santa Cruz, near Garrapatero beach and near Canal de Itabaca (
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117D66767995F97EA085D69B" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D66767995F97EA085D69B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">G. bella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D66767CF0F953A0B6D69B" bold="true" box="[225,249,1720,1744]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">C.</emphasis>
Colombia, Magdalena, near Santa Marta (
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117D66767EA2F952A35BD69B" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[691,788,1720,1744]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabito">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D66767EA2F952A35BD69B" box="[691,788,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">G. gabito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D66767F3AF952A30CD69A" bold="true" box="[811,835,1721,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">D.</emphasis>
Colombia, La Guajira, near Papayal (
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117D667678DEF952A51BD69B" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[1231,1364,1720,1744]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniphila">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D667678DEF952A51BD69B" box="[1231,1364,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">G. spiniphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D6676797AF952A5D3D69A" bold="true" box="[1387,1436,1721,1745]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">E–F.</emphasis>
Costa Rica, Guanacaste, NW of Cañas and S of La Cruz (
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117D66767ECEF936A31DD6BF" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[735,850,1756,1780]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117D66767ECEF936A31DD6BF" box="[735,850,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">G. murphyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Photos BAH.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117D66767CD6F8ACA156D72A" blockId="9.[151,1436,1863,2033]" box="[199,281,1863,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Female</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117D66757CD6F880A252D12E" blockId="9.[151,1436,1863,2033]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1473]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="311" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">
In general, similar to males but sternum without pair of anterior humps, chelicerae without stridulatory files (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117D6676797BF880A0F3D7E2" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[151,198,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetId="figure-87@13.[151,1436,309,1829]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 8. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Right male cheliceral fang, frontal view; arrow points at proximal process on fang. B. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. C. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. D. Right female chelicera, showing absence of stidulatory file. E, F. Left male tibia 1, prolateral views. G. Right male tibia 1, retrolateral view. H. Single ‘short vertical hair’ and base of regular mechanoreceptor on left male tibia 2. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, F, G), 20 µm (D), 100 µm (E), 2 µm (H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791789" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791789/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Figs 8D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117D66767CD9F864A0B6D7E2" box="[200,249,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[151,198,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. B. Left female chelicera (and palp), showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Right male cheliceral fang with process (arrow), distal view. D. Male sternal hump. E. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. F. Female ALS. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C–F), 20 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791800/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">13B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117D66767D14F864A176D7E2" box="[261,313,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[151,198,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-242@31.[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 27. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A, B. Male prosoma, frontal and lateral views. C. Male ocular area and clypeus, oblique frontal view. D. Female ocular area and clypeus, lateral view. E. Process on right male cheliceral fang. F. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. G. Lateral side of left female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791828/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">27G</figureCitation>
), cheliceral fangs unmodified, clypeus never strongly protruding (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117D66767831F864A4C8D7E2" box="[1056,1159,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="31.[151,198,1895,1919]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-242@31.[151,1436,597,1871]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIG. 27. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A, B. Male prosoma, frontal and lateral views. C. Male ocular area and clypeus, oblique frontal view. D. Female ocular area and clypeus, lateral view. E. Process on right male cheliceral fang. F. Stridulatory file on left male chelicera. G. Lateral side of left female chelicera, showing absence of stridulatory file. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 10 µm (E–G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791828" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791828/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Fig. 27D</figureCitation>
) and without sclerotized rim, and palpal tarsal organ less strongly raised (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117D66767EA4F858A355D786" box="[693,794,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="19.[151,198,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1436,181,1496]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIG. 14. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A–D. Right male palp in retrolateral to dorsal views. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Female palpal tarsal organ (and neighboring sensilla). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; da, distal apophysis of genital bulb; dp, dorsal process of procursus; pr, procursus; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; ta, tarsus; to, tarsal organ. Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791802/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">Figs 14F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117D66767F34F858A31BD786" box="[805,852,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="33.[151,198,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1483]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIG. 29. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A–D. Left male palp, retrolateral-dorsal to prolateral ventral views; arrow in D points at prolateral distal apophysis. E. Male palpal tarsal organ. F. Tip of female palp, showing tarsal organ and subterminal invagination (arrow). Abbreviations: b, genital bulb; rp, retrolateral-distal process of procursus; sd, sperm duct opening; to, tarsal organ (covered by dirt). Scale bars: 100 µm (A–D), 2 µm (E, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791834" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791834/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="310">29F</figureCitation>
; see also fig. 
<quantity id="BA6533E1117D66767FFAF858A46BD786" box="[1003,1060,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9304" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" unit="in" value="76.0">76 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="190CE3F5117D6676783AF858A4FED786" author="Huber, B. A." box="[1067,1201,1971,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="310" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref19611" refString="Huber, B. A. (2000) New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 254, 1 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2000) 254 &lt;0001: NWPSAP&gt; 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2000">Huber 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and slightly smaller (diameter 4.0–4.3 µm, diameter of opening 1.0–1.2 µm). Legs slightly shorter than in males (male / female tibia 1 length: ~1.0–1.2); tibia 1 length 0.37 
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757E41FF7CA211D0FB" box="[592,606,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">–</emphasis>
0.74. Spinnerets as in male (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757FB3FF7CA3B0D0FA" box="[930,1023,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E6675781DFF7CA478D0FA" box="[1036,1079,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[151,198,1444,1468]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetId="figure-17@18.[151,1436,181,1420]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 13. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n., from Colombia, Santa Marta. A. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. B. Left female chelicera (and palp), showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Right male cheliceral fang with process (arrow), distal view. D. Male sternal hump. E. Male gonopore with epiandrous spigots. F. Female ALS. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, C–F), 20 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791800" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791800/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">13F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757855FF7CA4D6D0FA" box="[1092,1177,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="26.[151,198,1815,1839]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,487,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-150@26.[158,1430,487,1792]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIG. 22. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A, B. Male ALS and PMS. C. Female spinnerets. D. Female ALS and PMS. E. Tip of right female tarsus 1, prolateral view. F. Tip of right male tarsus 3, prolateral view. Abbreviations:ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; PLS, posterior lateral spinneret; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B, D–F), 20 µm (C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791818" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791818/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">22C, D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E667578B7FF7CA496D0FA" box="[1190,1241,151,177]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[151,198,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-219@32.[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 28. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. Male ALS and PMS. B, C. Female ALS and PMS. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E, F. Male gonopores of two specimens, ventral views. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, E, F), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791832/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">28C</figureCitation>
). Epigynum with simple semicircular anterior plate, weakly protruding, posteriorly straight or indented medially (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E667578D1FF50A555D09E" box="[1216,1306,187,213]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[151,198,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1489]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 6. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach. A. Female prosoma, dorsal-frontal view. B. Female ALS. C. Male ALS and PMS. D. Female ALS. E. Epigynum, ventral view. F. Male gonopore and epiandrous spigots. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, E), 10 µm (B–D, F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791783/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757935FF50A51ED09E" box="[1316,1361,187,213]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="24.[151,198,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-165@24.[151,1436,489,1811]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIG. 20. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020, from Colombia, near Papayal. A. Male prosoma, frontal view. B. Female ocular area, frontal-dorsal view. C. Stridulatory file on right male chelicera. D. Stridulatory pick on male palpal femur. E. Male gonopore. F. Epigynum, ventral view.Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: 100 µm (A, F), 20 µm (B, E), 10 µm (C), 2 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791814/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">20F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E6675794AFF50A5C0D09E" box="[1371,1423,187,213]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="32.[151,198,1888,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-219@32.[151,1436,596,1865]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIG. 28. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n., from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita. A. Male ALS and PMS. B, C. Female ALS and PMS. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E, F. Male gonopores of two specimens, ventral views. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; ALS, anterior lateral spinneret; pep, posterior epigynal plate; PMS, posterior median spinneret. Scale bars: 10 µm (A–C, E, F), 100 µm (D)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791832/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">28D</figureCitation>
); posterior plate short and simple, with or without indistinct median division. Internal genitalia (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E667578AEFF34A55AD0B2" box="[1215,1301,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[151,198,1161,1185]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetId="figure-17@16.[151,1436,181,1137]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 11. Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992) females from Santa Cruz, SW of Garrapatero beach; ZFMK Gal55. A, B. Abdomens, ventral views. C, D. Cleared internal genitalia, dorsal views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791795/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Figs 11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757933FF34A50FD0B2" box="[1314,1344,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[151,198,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,309,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-70@21.[151,1436,309,1631]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 16. Galapa gabito Huber sp. n.; females from Colombia, Santa Marta, ZFMK Ar 24219. A, B. Abdomens, ventral views. C, E. Cleared internal genitalia, ventral views. D, F. Same as preceding, dorsal views; arrow points at distinctive sclerite in ventral wall of uterus externus.Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791806/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">16</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E6675795DFF34A525D0B2" box="[1356,1386,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="28.[151,198,1819,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-17@28.[151,1436,181,1795]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIG. 24. Galapa spiniphila Huber, 2020; female abdomens, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views; arrows point at distinctive median membranous processes. A, D, E. Papayal morph, from Colombia, Papayal, ZFMK Ar 24221. B, F, G. Riohacha morph, from Colombia, Riohacha, ZFMK Ar 24220. C, H, I. Pueblo Bello morph, from Colombia, ESE of Pueblo Bello, ZFMK Ar 24222. Abbreviations: aep, anterior (main) epigynal plate; pep, posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791822/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">24</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757966FF34A5DBD0B2" box="[1399,1428,223,249]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="36.[151,198,1802,1826]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@36.[151,1436,181,1779]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIG. 32. Galapa murphyi Huber sp. n.; female abdomens, ventral views, and cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. A, B, D–G. Two specimens from Costa Rica, near Playa Iguanita, ZFMK Ar 24224. C, H, I. From 2 km NW of Cañas, ZFMK Ar 24226. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791842/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">32</figureCitation>
) very simple, apparently without pore plates; with large membranous structure (with or without median membranous process), either directed towards posterior and covered by posterior epigynal plate or directed towards anterior and covered by anterior epigynal plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757CD6FE85A2F8D276" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757CD6FE85A126D1C3" bold="true" box="[199,361,366,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Relationships</emphasis>
. Molecular (UCE) data (G. Meng, L. Podsiadlowski, B.A. Huber, unpubl. data) suggest that the closest known relative of 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757DFDFE78A20FD1E6" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[492,576,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757DFDFE78A20FD1E6" box="[492,576,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Galapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an undescribed species from 
<collectingCountry id="058ADE94117E66757FA4FE78A3B3D1E6" box="[949,1020,403,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="BF5950E6117E6675781BFE78A409D1E6" box="[1034,1094,403,429]" country="Brazil" name="Piaui" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Piauí</collectingRegion>
, Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara. That species is known from a single male specimen that does not share any of the diagnostic genital characters of 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757D21FE30A1CBD1BE" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[304,388,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757D21FE30A1CBD1BE" box="[304,388,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Galapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
listed above. Together, these two clades are sister to 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757FCEFE30A405D1BE" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[991,1098,475,501]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Kambiwa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757FCEFE30A405D1BE" box="[991,1098,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Kambiwa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E6675787BFE30A489D1BF" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2019" box="[1130,1222,475,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pemona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E6675787BFE30A489D1BF" box="[1130,1222,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Pemona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, two further South American genera. All of these together are sister of the southern South American genus 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757879FE14A492D252" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1128,1245,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Guaranita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757879FE14A492D252" box="[1128,1245,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Guaranita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E6675793EFE14A5CCD252" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[1327,1411,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E6675793EFE14A5CCD252" box="[1327,1411,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Galapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is deeply nested within South American 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757E53FDC8A2FCD276" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1890" box="[578,691,547,573]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ninetinae">Ninetinae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757CD6FDACA1DDD3CA" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
Even though a NJ tree (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757DD5FDACA24CD22A" box="[452,515,583,609]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[151,198,1773,1797]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,1390,1744]" captionTargetId="figure-463@4.[151,1435,1386,1747]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. Neighbor-joining tree of CO1 sequences of Galapa Huber analyzed using the Kimura 2-parameter model; numbers on the branches are bootstrap supports from 500 replications (%). Shown is only the ingroup. For the complete tree including outgroups, see Supplementary File, Fig. S1. Live spider: Galapa bella (Gertsch &amp; Peck, 1992); male from Santa Cruz, near Garrapatero Beach." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791769/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) is not supposed to reliably reflect phylogeny, it shows two splits worth mentioning. First, within 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757D32FD80A138D2CE" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[291,375,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757D32FD80A138D2CE" box="[291,375,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Galapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757D92FD80A194D2CE" box="[387,475,619,645]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757D92FD80A194D2CE" box="[387,475,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. bella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<collectingRegion id="BF5950E6117E66757DF9FD80A22ED2CE" box="[488,609,619,645]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
) is sister to the mainland species. Several morphological characters support this split: (1) Mainland species share a proximal ridge on the basis of the leg trichobothria; in 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E667578A7FD64A55ED2E2" box="[1206,1297,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E667578A7FD64A55ED2E2" box="[1206,1297,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. bella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, these bases are round, which is likely the plesiomorphic condition; (2) in mainland species, the male palpal tarsal organ has moved to the procursus, while in 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757E17FD3CA210D2BA" box="[518,607,727,753]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757E17FD3CA210D2BA" box="[518,607,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. bella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it has the plesiomorphic position on the tarsus; (3) in mainland species, the female internal genitalia are directed towards posterior, while in 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757F7FFD10A386D35E" box="[878,969,763,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757F7FFD10A386D35E" box="[878,969,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. bella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
they are directed towards anterior, which is probably the plesiomorphic condition; (4) finally, body size and leg length are smaller in mainland species than in species from 
<collectingRegion id="BF5950E6117E66757D5FFCA8A18BD316" box="[334,452,835,861]" country="Ecuador" name="Galapagos" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Galapagos</collectingRegion>
(carapace width: ~0.4 vs. ~0.5; tibia 1 length:&gt;0.60 versus &lt;0.55); the plesiomorphic condition is unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757CD6FC60A3AFD3A6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
Second, the Central American (Costa Rican) 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757ED1FC60A370D3EE" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[704,831,907,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757ED1FC60A370D3EE" box="[704,831,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. murphyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is nested within a group of mainland South American species. This position is supported by the loss of epiandrous spigots in 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757FBBFC44A466D382" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[938,1065,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murphyi">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757FBBFC44A466D382" box="[938,1065,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. murphyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E6675784EFC44A4BFD382" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2020" box="[1119,1264,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spiniphila">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E6675784EFC44A4BFD382" box="[1119,1264,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. spiniphila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757952FC44A5D3D382" box="[1347,1436,943,969]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757952FC44A5D3D382" box="[1347,1436,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. bella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757CD6FC38A17ED3A6" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2024" box="[199,305,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabito">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757CD6FC38A17ED3A6" box="[199,305,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">G. gabito</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the plesiomorphic presence of four epiandrous spigots.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3587CD8F117E66757CD6FC1DA335D58A" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757CD6FC1DA412D436" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757CD6FC1DA116D45B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1014,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Distribution</emphasis>
. The genus is known from Galápagos, northern 
<collectingCountry id="058ADE94117E66757F7AFC1CA393D45A" box="[875,988,1015,1041]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="058ADE94117E66757867FC1CA4A3D45A" box="[1142,1260,1015,1041]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="058ADE94117E66757932FC1CA5D3D45A" box="[1315,1436,1015,1041]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757C8EFBF0A0A9D47E" box="[159,230,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="8.[151,198,1986,2010]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,849,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-334@8.[151,1435,849,1963]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIG. 4. Known distribution of Galapa Huber, 2000." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791777/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). The distribution map of these tiny and poorly collected spiders suggests a wide range, but the ecological conditions (semi-arid, exposed habitats; see below) are not common in this region, so the suitable habitats may actually be quite limited. This is supported by our biogeographic analysis (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757CD6FB6CA2DFD532" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757CD6FB6CA1CFD4EB" bold="true" box="[199,384,1158,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Natural history</emphasis>
. Representatives of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="BA9DE587117E66757EC6FB6CA364D4EA" authorityName="Huber" authorityYear="2000" box="[727,811,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Galapa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757EC6FB6CA364D4EA" box="[727,811,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Galapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear restricted to semi-arid and sun-exposed habitats where they occupy the leaf litter, spaces under stones, and dead cacti and dry branches lying on the ground and hollowed by termites (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757D82FB24A197D4A2" box="[403,472,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="9.[151,198,1684,1708]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1660]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[151,1436,181,1660]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIG. 5. Typical habitats of Galapa spp. A–B. Galápagos, Santa Cruz, near Garrapatero beach and near Canal de Itabaca (G. bella). C. Colombia, Magdalena, near Santa Marta (G. gabito). D. Colombia, La Guajira, near Papayal (G. spiniphila). E–F. Costa Rica, Guanacaste, NW of Cañas and S of La Cruz (G. murphyi). Photos BAH." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791781/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). We never found them in neighboring, more forested, shaded, and humid sites. When disturbed, they ran rapidly. In glass vials, both males and females built small webs on which they were seen resting a few hours after being captured (
<figureCitation id="E5A68281117E66757E01FAFCA224D57A" box="[528,619,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[151,198,1834,1858]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,889,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-204@6.[151,1436,889,1810]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. Galapa Huber, 2000, live specimens. A–D. G. murphyi Huber sp. n.; male and female with egg sac from W of Cañas; female with egg-sac from near Playa Iguanita, and female in web (in glass vial) from near Playa Iguanita. E–F. G. gabito Huber sp. n.; male and female with egg sac from Santa Marta. G–H. G. spiniphila Huber, 2020; male and female with egg sac from S of Riohacha. I. G. spiniphila; male from ESE of Pueblo Bello." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10791771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10791771/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Egg-sacs are flat (a single layer of eggs) and contain up to 
<specimenCount id="6B9B558D117E66757901FAFCA524D57A" box="[1296,1387,1303,1329]" count="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" type="egg">six eggs</specimenCount>
that are wrapped by a few barely visible silk lines; egg diameters range from 
<quantity id="BA6533E1117E66757FD8FAD0A4CAD51E" box="[969,1157,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="311" unit="mm" value="0.405" valueMax="0.43" valueMin="0.38">0.38 to 0.43 mm</quantity>
. For further information, see individual natural history sections below.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D229E04117E66757CD6FA69A335D58A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">
<emphasis id="4FE94216117E66757CD6FA69A110D5D7" bold="true" box="[199,351,1410,1436]" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Composition</emphasis>
. The genus now includes six nominal species: three on the Galápagos, one in 
<collectingCountry id="058ADE94117E667578DDFA68A509D5D6" box="[1228,1350,1411,1437]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(with a dubious record in 
<collectingCountry id="058ADE94117E66757D73FA4CA19AD58A" box="[354,469,1447,1473]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="311">Colombia</collectingCountry>
), and two in northern South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>