567 lines
94 KiB
XML
567 lines
94 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="B9B0293E8EA0100F2D1DC79CFE051155">Species delimitation and phylogenetic analyses of a New Guinean frog genus (Microhylidae: Hylophorbus) reveal many undescribed species and a complex diversification history driven by late Miocene events</mods:title>
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<typeStatus id="54EC886CFFB3E27F8DB3FAEBFF007947" box="[128,226,1369,1392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D51FD47FFB3E27F8DC1FAEBFE727946" box="[242,400,1369,1393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">One adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF19EB5FFB3E27F8CAAFAEBFD867946" box="[409,612,1369,1393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZB.Amph.24 346</specimenCode>
|
||
(EAA510), and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3C93FFB3E27F8DB3FACAFD447998" collectingDate="2014-11-12" collectionCode="MZB" collectorName="Antoine Fouquet & Philippe Gaucher" country="Indonesia" elevation="400" latitude="-4.0365" location="Kumawa Mountains, Bomberai Peninsula" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="133.0703" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" specimenCode="MZB.Amph.24 347, MZB. Amph.24 351" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="2" stateProvince="West Papua province" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D51FD47FFB3E27F8DB3FACAFEDD79A7" box="[128,319,1400,1424]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">two adult females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF19EB5FFB3E27F8C7EFACAFDFB79A7" box="[333,537,1400,1424]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZB.Amph.24 347</specimenCode>
|
||
(EAA511) and
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF19EB5FFB3E27F8FFEFACAFEEC7998" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">MZB. Amph.24 351</specimenCode>
|
||
(EAA549), collected with the holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6545FFB3E27F8DB2FA63FEF57A93" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB3E27F8DB2FA63FEF57A93" blockId="10.[129,778,1489,1701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB3E27F8DB2FA63FF1279DE" box="[129,240,1489,1513]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet ‘monophonus’ is a Latinized masculine compound adjective formed from the Greek adjective ‘monos’ (alone) and Greek noun ‘phone’ (sound, voice), as a reference to the single-note calls of this species. The name indicates a character that is diagnostic compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB3E27F8FBFF9FCFE657AB2" authority="Gunther 2001" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetraphonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB3E27F8FBFF9FCFF167AB2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hylophorbus tetraphonus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB3E27F8DC4F9DFFE657AB2" author="Gunther R" box="[247,391,1645,1669]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="81 - 104" refId="ref18020" refString="Gunther R. Ne Papuan frog genus Hylophorbus (Anura: Microhylidae) is not monospecific: description of six new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 2001; 8: 81 - 104." type="journal article" year="2001">Günther 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species that displays similar size and colour pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6545FFB3E27F8DB2F975FB237D94" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB3E27F8DB2F975FB237D94" blockId="10.[128,779,1734,1977]" lastBlockId="10.[825,1474,144,419]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB3E27F8DB2F975FF057AE9" box="[129,231,1735,1758]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB3E27F8C3AF974FE347AE9" box="[265,470,1734,1758]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB3E27F8C3AF974FE657AE9" box="[265,391,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hylophorbus</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recognizable by the following unique combination of characters: (i) medium size (male SV = 26.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB3E27F8DC5F8B7FEB67B2B" box="[246,340,1797,1821]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="28.2">28.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; female SV =
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB3E27F8CD9F8B6FD607B2B" box="[490,642,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.76" metricValueMax="2.77" metricValueMin="2.75" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="27.6" valueMax="27.7" valueMin="27.5">27.5–27.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
); (ii) poorly developed basal subarticular tubercle on T4 and T5 (male 4st =.53–.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB3E27F8DDFF8F1FED77B6C" box="[236,309,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="59.0">59 mm</quantity>
|
||
; female 4st =.44–.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB3E27F8CC5F8F1FDDD7B6C" box="[502,575,1859,1883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="49.0">49 mm</quantity>
|
||
; male 5st =.52–.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB3E27F8FDEF8F1FF4E7B4D" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="66.0">66 mm</quantity>
|
||
; female 5st =.42–.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB3E27F8C43F8D1FE5A7B4D" box="[368,440,1891,1915]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="43.0">43 mm</quantity>
|
||
); (iii) a thenar tubercle and two palmar tubercles, ovoid, at proximal edge of hand; (iv) absence of lateral stripe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F8C17F813FE8B7B8E" box="[292,361,1953,1977]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
); (v) dark brown or black lumbar ocellus, with pale orange anterodorsal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F89F2FF22FAE97C9F" box="[1217,1291,144,168]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
); (vi) dark brown pigmentation on anterodorsal flank, forming various shapes, ranging from dark brown irregular blotches to a well-defined ‘crescent’ shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F8ED8FF5CFBD77D31" box="[1003,1077,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F8971FF5CFB997D32" box="[1090,1147,238,262]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-205@12.[129,1473,144,1515]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. Portraits in life. A, B, Hylophorbus monophonus. A, paratype MZB.Amph.24 346 (male).B, MZB.Amph.24 347 (female). C–F, Hylophorbus lengguru. C, paratype MZB.Amph.24 333 (male). D, MZB.Amph.24 335 (male). E, MZB.Amph.24 336 (male). F, MZB. Amph.24 341 (male). Photographs by A. Fouquet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542167/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); (vii) bright yellow coloration on axilla, groin, and from anterodorsal side of thigh extending to ventral edge of flank (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F892FFE9FFB607D72" box="[1052,1154,301,325]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
); (viii) overall pale yellow coloration on the ventral surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F89B0FEFEFB337D53" box="[1155,1233,332,356]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
); and (ix) single-pulse, single-note calls, with slight frequency modulation and dominant frequency at ~1.3 kHz (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F8956FE39FB527D94" box="[1125,1200,395,419]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6545FFB3E2798E0AFE77FA217B8E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB3E27F8E0AFE77FA2178BA" blockId="10.[824,1477,452,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB3E27F8E0AFE77FBA97DEB" box="[825,1099,452,476]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC886CFFB3E27F8EC1FE76FBA57DEB" box="[1010,1095,452,476]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male (for measurements, see Supporting Information, Table S7). Head as wide as long (HL/ HW =.98); nares directed laterally, closer to tip of snout than to eye, internarial distance larger than distance from nostril to anterior edge of eye (EN/IN =.55); snout acute in lateral view, almost truncate in dorsal view. Eye moderately large (EY/ SV =.14). Tympanum large (TY/SV =.11, TY/EY =.74), supratympanic fold inconspicuous, outlined in dark brown. Skin finely granular on dorsal surfaces, with sparse flat tubercles, smooth on ventral surfaces. Fingers unwebbed, relative lengths 3> 4> 2> 1, nearly the same for F1, F2, and F4; finger-tips with slightly expanded discs, truncate, all with circum-marginal grooves. Basal subarticular tubercles on F1–F3 more developed (1–3sf =.68–.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB3E27F8936FCE9FBB37F44" box="[1029,1105,859,883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="79.0">79 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than on F4 (4sf =.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB3E27F882DFCE9FA8C7F44" box="[1310,1390,859,883]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
); thenar tubercle and two palmar tubercles present, ovoid, well developed, located at proximal edge of palm, with inner palmar tubercle slightly more anterior. Toes unwebbed, relative lengths 4> 3> 5> 2> 1; disc almost lacking on T1, slightly expanded on T5, and much larger on T2–T4 (twice width of penultimate phalanges), all with circum-marginal grooves. Subarticular tubercles best developed on T1–T3 (1–3st =.60–.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB3E27F8801FB84FA997879" box="[1330,1403,1078,1102]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
), basal subarticular tubercles on T4–T5 indistinct; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, well developed (MTL = 1.00 mm), others lacking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB3E27F8E66FB27FC3A7B08" blockId="10.[824,1477,452,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Dorsum, suprascapular region, posterodorsal surface of thigh, and dorsal surface of shank light brown, with several scattered small, dark brown blotches; very thin vertebral skin ridge extending from tip of snout to urostyle. Anterior region of flanks with pale grey and dark brown irregular blotches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F881CFAA0FA96791D" box="[1327,1396,1298,1322]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
), white speckles extending under axilla to anterior abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F8857FA83FA50797E" box="[1380,1458,1329,1353]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterodorsal surface of forelimbs and dorsal surfaces of F3–F4 light reddish brown; brown blotch consistently present between base of F2 and F3; outer side of foot and dorsal surfaces of T4– T5 light reddish brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F890CFA1DFB6A79F0" box="[1087,1160,1455,1479]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
); dorsal surfaces of all fingers and toes with brown blotches. Dorsal and lateral surface of head light reddish brown; dorsal tip of snout, under eye, and margin of naris heavily pigmented with dark brown. Chin, throat, chest, and anterior portion of abdomen mottled with brown and having pale yellow flecks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F8ECAF9F9FBA77A54" box="[1017,1093,1611,1635]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdomen, ventral surfaces of thigh, and shank overall pale yellow, fading to translucent skin on anteroventral forelimbs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F8906F938FB637A95" box="[1077,1153,1674,1698]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Axilla, groin and anterodorsal thigh to ventral edge of flank bright yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB3E27F89CBF91BFA807AF6" box="[1272,1378,1705,1729]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral surface of hands and feet light brown. Pale red blotch above tip of urostyle, margined in black posterolaterally. Iris silver, with dark brown vertical line crossing pupil; pupil margined with incandescent orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB3E2798E0AF8D6FE367B6C" blockId="10.[825,1474,1891,1978]" lastBlockId="12.[128,778,1671,1883]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB3E27F8E0AF8D6FC7E7B4C" box="[825,924,1892,1915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB3E27F8E9AF8D1FC3F7B4C" box="[937,989,1891,1915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Only</collectorName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D51FD47FFB3E27F8ED7F8D1FB627B4C" box="[996,1152,1891,1915]" count="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
are available to assess variation within the sample (
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB3E27F8933F830FB157BAD" box="[1024,1271,1922,1946]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Supporting Information</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB3E27F8832F830FAAE7BAC" box="[1281,1356,1922,1947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Table S</collectorName>
|
||
7).
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB3E27F885CF830FA207BAD" box="[1391,1474,1922,1946]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Relative</collectorName>
|
||
size of subarticular tubercles varies between individuals, such that the longest ones on the hand are on F1–F3, and on the foot on
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF19EB5FFB2E27E8DF1F8ACFF027B01" box="[194,224,1822,1846]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T2</specimenCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBF19EB5FFB2E27E8DC3F8ACFEEF7B01" box="[240,269,1822,1846]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T3</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E8C25F8ADFEDF7B00" box="[278,317,1823,1847]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">The</collectorName>
|
||
relative position of palmar tubercles is consistent between individuals (proximal;
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E8CCCF88CFD147B61" box="[511,758,1854,1878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Supporting Information</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E8D42F8EFFF4C7B42" box="[113,174,1885,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. S</collectorName>
|
||
10).
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E8DD0F8EFFEF87B42" box="[227,282,1885,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Little</collectorName>
|
||
variation is visible in colour patterns among preserved specimens.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E8C64F8CFFE9C7BA2" box="[343,382,1917,1941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">The</collectorName>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D51FD47FFB2E27E8CB5F8CFFDE17BA3" box="[390,515,1916,1940]" count="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
exhibit a stronger contrast between dorsal and lateral coloration, in addition to a dark brown ‘crescent’ shape on the flanks.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E8993F94DFB317B20" box="[1184,1235,1791,1815]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">They</collectorName>
|
||
also exhibit four welldistinguished dorsal tubercles in the lumbar region, anterior to the lumbar ocellus.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E892BF88CFB767B61" box="[1048,1172,1854,1878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Information</collectorName>
|
||
on colour in life for
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE0BFFB2E27E8844F88CFA527B62" box="[1399,1456,1854,1877]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E8E19F8EFFC937B42" box="[810,881,1885,1909]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Amph.</collectorName>
|
||
24 351 is not available; therefore, only the colour in life of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE0BFFB2E27E8E1AF8CEFC807BA3" box="[809,866,1916,1940]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E8E55F8CEFC4C7BA3" box="[870,942,1916,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Amph.</collectorName>
|
||
24 346 and
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE0BFFB2E27E891FF8CEFB877BA3" box="[1068,1125,1916,1940]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E895BF8CEFB537BA3" box="[1128,1201,1916,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Amph.</collectorName>
|
||
24 347 is discussed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB2E27E88BEF8CEFC817B84" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-205@12.[129,1473,144,1515]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. Portraits in life. A, B, Hylophorbus monophonus. A, paratype MZB.Amph.24 346 (male).B, MZB.Amph.24 347 (female). C–F, Hylophorbus lengguru. C, paratype MZB.Amph.24 333 (male). D, MZB.Amph.24 335 (male). E, MZB.Amph.24 336 (male). F, MZB. Amph.24 341 (male). Photographs by A. Fouquet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542167/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectorName id="26A25318FFB2E27E8E49F82EFC2A7B83" box="[890,968,1948,1972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Overall</collectorName>
|
||
, colour pattern as is described for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC886CFFB2E27E8862F82EFA4D7B83" box="[1361,1455,1948,1972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, with variation observed on the flanks and dorsal coloration. The male
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE0BFFB5E2798D85F914FF0D7A89" box="[182,239,1702,1726]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
.Amph.24 346 dorsum mixes red and dark brown coloration and displays a dark brown blotch with irregular edges on the anterior flank. The female
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE0BFFB5E2798CF7F957FE1F7ACA" box="[452,509,1765,1789]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/b9gz-izvg" name="Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">MZB</collectionCode>
|
||
.Amph.24 347 harbours a well-defined dark brown ‘crescent’ blotch on the anterior flank; the flanks are pale grey (slightly pinkish) from the posterolateral edge of eye to the lumbar ocellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF286646FFB2E27E8D40F9D1FD5B7AF8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542165" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14542165" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542165/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[115,180,1635,1659]" targetBox="[117,1455,147,1604]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB2E27E8D40F9D1FD5B7AF8" blockId="11.[113,1441,1635,1743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB2E27E8D40F9D1FE2D7A4C" bold="true" box="[115,463,1635,1659]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB2E27E8DFDF9D1FE2D7A4C" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[206,463,1635,1659]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB2E27E8DFDF9D1FE2D7A4C" bold="true" box="[206,463,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Hylophorbus monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB2E27E8F1CF9D1FD047A4C" box="[559,742,1635,1659]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">MZB.Amph.24 348</emphasis>
|
||
. A, dorsal view in preservative. B, ventral view in preservative. C, palm of the hand in preservative. D, sonograms and their corresponding oscillograms of a call series and single call (left and right respectively). E, sole of the foot in preservative. F, dorsolateral view in life. G, dorsolateral view of the flank and groin in life. H, ventral view in life. Photographs in preservative by A. Riyanto; photographs in life by A. Fouquet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF286646FFB5E2798DB2F9B5FDBC7A61" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14542167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542167/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[129,194,1543,1567]" targetBox="[132,1470,147,1511]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB5E2798DB2F9B5FDBC7A61" blockId="12.[129,1425,1542,1623]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB5E2798DB2F9B5FF3A7A28" bold="true" box="[129,216,1543,1567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Portraits in life. A, B,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB5E2798C97F9B4FD447A29" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[420,678,1542,1566]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB5E2798C97F9B4FD447A29" bold="true" box="[420,678,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hylophorbus monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, paratype MZB.Amph.24 346 (male). B, MZB.Amph.24 347 (female). C–F,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB5E2798DB2F990FEB87A0D" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[129,346,1570,1594]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lengguru">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB5E2798DB2F990FEB87A0D" bold="true" box="[129,346,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hylophorbus lengguru</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. C, paratype MZB.Amph.24 333 (male). D, MZB.Amph.24 335 (male). E, MZB.Amph.24 336 (male). F, MZB. Amph.24 341 (male). Photographs by A. Fouquet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB5E2798DB2F8CEFA217B8E" blockId="12.[129,781,1916,1972]" lastBlockId="12.[825,1475,1671,1977]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB5E2798DB2F8CEFF537BA3" box="[129,177,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Call:</emphasis>
|
||
We analysed a total of 70 calls from
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D51FD47FFB5E2798F74F8CEFD5C7BA3" box="[583,702,1916,1940]" count="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">three males</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D50375FFB5E2798FE1F8CEFF6C7B83" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="6.[129,184,143,167]" captionTargetBox="[129,1474,245,1285]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Table 1. Advertisement call variables across Hylophorbus species, presented as ranges and means (in parentheses).The number of calls (N) from which the ranges are based is indicated below the species names. Data for each call recording are available in the Supporting Information (Table S3)." pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
; Supporting Information, Table S3). The analysed files are deposited in the sound collection of ‘La Sonothèque du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle’ (Supporting Information, Table S3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB5E2798E57F977FB847AE9" author="Guilbert F & Loret P" box="[868,1126,1733,1758]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref17975" refString="Guilbert F, Loret P. La sonotheque du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 2018. Last accessed on 6 January 2023. hups: // sonotheque. mnhn. fr /? q = & tbs = qr: nv, qr: e" type="book" year="2018">Guilbert and Loret 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The advertisement call consists of a short single note, mean duration 131 ms, range 108–153 ms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB5E2798E77F8B6FC6F7B2B" box="[836,909,1796,1820]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[113,178,1817,1841]" captionTargetBox="[117,1455,152,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-7@5.[114,1458,149,1789]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Species delimitation summary figure. A, summary of the integrative species delimitation within Hylophorbus comparing mtDNAbased ultrametric tree (BEAST) with collapsed branches for each MOTU (consensus across the three methods used), nuDNA network partitions, and variation in bioacoustics. B, distributions of MOTUs grouped by major clades:clades A, B, C, and D. The maps were generated in QGIS v.2.14; stars correspond to species type localities; coloured areas in the inset maps represent putative distributions of identified clades. C, principal component analyses for Hylophorbus bioacoustic variables; left panel, using all call recordings (N = 31), and right panel, focused on a subset (N = 18) that are clustering together in the complete analysis (black rectangle in the left panel). In A, rectangles in the nuDNA (blue) and bioacoustics (green) column indicate distinctness between MOTUs. The mtDNA-based tree with uncollapsed branches and posterior probabilities (pp) of each node can be seen in the Supporting Information (Fig. S3). In C, note that one specimen of H. picoides and one of H. lengguru are represented by two recordings each (cf.Supporting Information, Table S3); see the Supporting Information (Fig. S4) for correlation circles and loadings of the principal component analyses.Names in bold indicate CCS. The nuDNA partitioning was established according to a majority rule based on the allele networks presented in the Supporting Information (Fig. S4). Consistent colour coding refers to species identity throughout the figure.Abbreviations:CCS, confirmed candidate species; Dim, dimension, i.e. ‘Axis’; UCS, unconfirmed candidate species.Photograph credits, from top to bottom: S. Richards (1, 2, 3, 6) and A. Fouquet (4, 5, 7, 8)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542161/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dominant frequency is 1.27 kHz (range 1.20–1.32 kHz). Notes can exhibit one harmonic, at a frequency of ~1.90 kHz. Most of the calls (notes) within a call series display similar amplitude and frequency.However, the species sometimes emits a second
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC886CFFB5E2798EB7F830FC537BAD" box="[900,945,1922,1946]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of note with two pulses (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A4BFFB5E27988AEF833FC867B8E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="12.[129,194,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[132,1470,147,1511]" captionTargetId="figure-205@12.[129,1473,144,1515]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 5. Portraits in life. A, B, Hylophorbus monophonus. A, paratype MZB.Amph.24 346 (male).B, MZB.Amph.24 347 (female). C–F, Hylophorbus lengguru. C, paratype MZB.Amph.24 333 (male). D, MZB.Amph.24 335 (male). E, MZB.Amph.24 336 (male). F, MZB. Amph.24 341 (male). Photographs by A. Fouquet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14542167" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14542167/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. S5C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mean inter-note duration is 1570 ms (range 635–2395 ms).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6545FFB4E2788D42FF22FEF37E36" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB4E2788D42FF22FEF37E36" blockId="13.[113,763,144,513]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788D42FF22FD037C9F" box="[113,737,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Distribution and ecological notes:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788CF4FF22FD037C9F" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[455,737,144,168]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788CF4FF22FD037C9F" bold="true" box="[455,737,144,168]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hylophorbus monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC886CFFB4E2788C62FF02FE9D7CFF" box="[337,383,176,200]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. The species inhabits the leaf litter of pristine lowland rainforest between 300 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB4E2788FBBFF7DFD2B7CD1" box="[648,713,207,231]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. Very little is known about its ecology. Interestingly, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788DBCFEBCFF1C7D12" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" box="[143,254,269,293]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788DBCFEBCFF1C7D12" box="[143,254,269,293]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. picoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been sampled at the same locality (MZB. Amph.24 349 and MZB.Amph.24 350), but not syntopically (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB4E2788D4AFEFEFF2E7D54" box="[121,204,332,356]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), suggesting that these species might not overlap in their ecology, occupying distinct elevational ranges. Such a pattern of distribution has also been documented in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788D42FE18FEB67DF5" authority="Mountains" authorityName="Mountains" box="[113,340,426,450]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wondiwoi">Wondiwoi Mountains</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788C4EFE18FDCA7DF5" author="Gunther R" box="[381,552,426,450]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 104" refId="ref18020" refString="Gunther R. Ne Papuan frog genus Hylophorbus (Anura: Microhylidae) is not monospecific: description of six new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 2001; 8: 81 - 104." type="journal article" year="2001">Günther (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, where
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F4FFE18FE8B7DD6" authority="Gunther 2001" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wondiwoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F4FFE18FF2C7DD6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hylophorbus wondiwoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788DE5FE7BFE8B7DD6" author="Gunther R" box="[214,361,457,481]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 104" refId="ref18020" refString="Gunther R. Ne Papuan frog genus Hylophorbus (Anura: Microhylidae) is not monospecific: description of six new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 2001; 8: 81 - 104." type="journal article" year="2001">Günther 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788CADFE78FDD37DD6" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" box="[414,561,457,481]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetraphonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788CADFE78FDD37DD6" box="[414,561,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. tetraphonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly occupy different altitudes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6545FFB4E2788D42FD90FEEF79BF" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836CEFFB4E2788D42FD90FEEF79BF" blockId="13.[113,763,545,1416]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788D42FD90FD187E0E" box="[113,762,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Comparisons with other species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788CEAFD93FD187E0E" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[473,762,545,569]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788CEAFD93FD187E0E" bold="true" box="[473,762,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hylophorbus monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished immediately from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F11FDF3FEE57E4E" authority="Gunther 2001" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F11FDF3FD187E6E" box="[546,762,577,601]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hylophorbus nigrinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788D42FDD3FEE57E4E" author="Gunther R" box="[113,263,609,633]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 104" refId="ref18020" refString="Gunther R. Ne Papuan frog genus Hylophorbus (Anura: Microhylidae) is not monospecific: description of six new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 2001; 8: 81 - 104." type="journal article" year="2001">Günther 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788C24FDD3FDCA7E4E" authority="Gunther 2001" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" box="[279,552,609,633]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="picoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788C24FDD3FE657E4E" box="[279,391,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. picoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788CA1FDD3FDCA7E4E" author="Gunther R" box="[402,552,609,633]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 104" refId="ref18020" refString="Gunther R. Ne Papuan frog genus Hylophorbus (Anura: Microhylidae) is not monospecific: description of six new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 2001; 8: 81 - 104." type="journal article" year="2001">Günther 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F0BFDD3FD337E4E" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2013" box="[568,721,609,633]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrifasciatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F0BFDD3FD337E4E" box="[568,721,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. atrifasciatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788FD2FDD3FF247EAF" authorityName="Zweifel" authorityYear="1972" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788FD2FDD3FF247EAF" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. infulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788DC9FD33FE807EAF" box="[250,354,640,664]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sigridae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788DC9FD33FE807EAF" box="[250,354,640,664]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. sigridae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the absence of a lateral stripe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788F9DFD32FF477E80" author="Zweifel RG" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="411 - 546" refId="ref21436" refString="Zweifel RG. A revision of the frogs of the subfamily Asterophryinae family Microhylidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 1972; 148: 411 - 546." type="journal article" year="1972">Zweifel 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788D83FD2DFEA07E80" author="Gunther R" box="[176,322,671,695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 104" refId="ref18020" refString="Gunther R. Ne Papuan frog genus Hylophorbus (Anura: Microhylidae) is not monospecific: description of six new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 2001; 8: 81 - 104." type="journal article" year="2001">Günther 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788C7EFD12FE207E80" author="Kraus F" box="[333,450,671,695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="102 - 11" refId="ref18976" refString="Kraus F. A new species of Hylophorbus (Anura: Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea. Current Herpetology; Kyoto 2013; 32: 102 - 11." type="journal article" year="2013">Kraus 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788CFEFD2DFD707E80" author="Gunther R & Richards SJ & Dahl C" box="[461,658,671,695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="59 - 94" refId="ref18055" refString="Gunther R, Richards SJ, Dahl C. Nine new species of microhylid frogs from the Muller Range in western Papua New Guinea (Anura, Microhylidae). Vertebrate Zoology 2014; 64: 59 - 94. hups: // doi. org / 10.3897 / vz. 64. e 31463" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Günther
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F19FD12FDB17E80" box="[554,595,671,695]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788FD2FD12FEA97EE0" authority="Zweifel 1972" authorityName="Zweifel" authorityYear="1972" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="extimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788FD2FD12FF5E7EE1" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. extimus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788DF7FD0DFEA97EE0" author="Zweifel RG" box="[196,331,703,727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="411 - 546" refId="ref21436" refString="Zweifel RG. A revision of the frogs of the subfamily Asterophryinae family Microhylidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 1972; 148: 411 - 546." type="journal article" year="1972">Zweifel 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788CB3FD0DFD6B7EE0" authority="Zweifel 1972" authorityName="Zweifel" authorityYear="1972" box="[384,649,703,727]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="myopicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788CB3FD0DFE187EE1" box="[384,506,703,726]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. myopicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788F32FD0DFD6B7EE0" author="Zweifel RG" box="[513,649,703,727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="411 - 546" refId="ref21436" refString="Zweifel RG. A revision of the frogs of the subfamily Asterophryinae family Microhylidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 1972; 148: 411 - 546." type="journal article" year="1972">Zweifel 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller body size (26.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB4E2788C2AFD6CFE947EC2" box="[281,374,734,758]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="28.2">28.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788CA6FD6DFDCD7EC1" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[405,559,734,758]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788CA6FD6DFDCD7EC1" box="[405,559,734,758]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. 40.0–49.0 mm); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788D9FFD4CFDE07F22" authority="Kraus & Allison 2009" authorityName="Kraus & Allison" authorityYear="2009" box="[172,514,765,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proekes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788D9FFD4CFEF67F22" box="[172,276,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. proekes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788C2EFD4CFDE07F22" author="Kraus F & Allison A" box="[285,514,765,789]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 36" refId="ref19088" refString="Kraus F, Allison A. New species of frogs from Papua New Guinea. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 2009; 104: 1 - 36." type="journal article" year="2009">Kraus & Allison 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F0AFD4FFEE07F02" authority="Gunther 2001" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sextus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F0AFD4FFD187F22" box="[569,762,765,789]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hylophorbus sextus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788D42FCAFFEE07F02" author="Gunther R" box="[113,258,797,821]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="81 - 104" refId="ref18020" refString="Gunther R. Ne Papuan frog genus Hylophorbus (Anura: Microhylidae) is not monospecific: description of six new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology 2001; 8: 81 - 104." type="journal article" year="2001">Günther 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its yellow ventral coloration and its single-note calls; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788C23FC8FFE697F63" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" box="[272,395,828,852]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wondiwoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788C23FC8FFE697F63" box="[272,395,828,852]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. wondiwoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its smaller body size (>32.0 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788DBEFCEEFEE87F44" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" box="[141,266,859,883]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wondiwoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788DBEFCEEFEE87F44" box="[141,266,859,883]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. wondiwoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and its single-note calls. Colour patterns of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788FD2FCEEFF067FA5" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetraphonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788FD2FCEEFF067FA5" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. tetraphonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bird’s Neck species,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F82CFFB4E2788CE5FCC9FDB67FA5" box="[470,596,891,914]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">West Papua</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340765EFFB4E2788F51FCC8FD2E7FA5" box="[610,716,890,914]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788FD2FCC9FF247F85" authorityName=", Gunther" authorityYear="2001" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788FD2FCC9FF247F85" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. richardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F82CFFB4E2788DE7FC28FE887F85" box="[212,362,922,946]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Hela" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hela Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340765EFFB4E2788C47FC28FDDD7F85" box="[372,575,922,946]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F4FFC28FE1F7FE6" authority="Richards & Oliver 2007" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rainerguentheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F4FFC28FEE77FE6" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Hylophorbus rainerguentheri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788C39FC0BFE1F7FE6" author="Richards SJ & Oliver PM" box="[266,509,953,977]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="83 - 9" refId="ref20136" refString="Richards SJ, Oliver PM. A new species of Hylophorbus (Anura, Microhylidae) from the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. Miteilungen aus dem Museum fur Naturkunde in Berlin - Zoologische Reihe 2007; 83: 83 - 9. hups: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 200600030" type="journal article" year="2007">Richards & Oliver 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Huon Peninsula,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340765EFFB4E2788F8FFC08FF197FC7" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
) most resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788C87FC6BFD807FC7" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[436,610,984,1008]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788C87FC6BFD807FC7" bold="true" box="[436,610,984,1008]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788FD3FC6BFF1B7838" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788FD3FC6BFF1B7838" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger (26.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB4E2788CAAFC4AFE1B7827" box="[409,505,1016,1040]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.82" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="28.2">28.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F08FC4BFD4D7827" authorityName=", Gunther" authorityYear="2001" box="[571,687,1016,1040]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F08FC4BFD4D7827" box="[571,687,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. richardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB4E2788F8FFC4AFF327818" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.195" metricValueMax="2.26" metricValueMin="2.13" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="21.95" valueMax="22.6" valueMin="21.3">21.3– 22.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), its abdomen is yellowish (vs. whitish for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F44FBAAFD087818" authorityName=", Gunther" authorityYear="2001" box="[631,746,1047,1071]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="richardsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F44FBAAFD087818" box="[631,746,1047,1071]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. richardsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and notes are longer (131 ms vs. ~60.5 ms);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F63FB85FD187879" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[592,762,1078,1102]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F63FB85FD187879" bold="true" box="[592,762,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a ventral–lateral and axillary yellow coloration, in addition to a conspicuous dark brown pattern on the flanks, lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788FD2FBC4FEE7789B" authorityName="Richards & Oliver" authorityYear="2007" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rainerguentheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788FD2FBC4FEE7789B" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. rainerguentheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788C20FB27FE59789B" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[275,443,1172,1196]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788C20FB27FE59789B" bold="true" box="[275,443,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has single-note calls, vs. one to five notes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788DCFFB07FE7378FB" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="2001" box="[252,401,1204,1228]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tetraphonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788DCFFB07FE7378FB" box="[252,401,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. tetraphonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Finally, because of the ambiguity surrounding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788DC6FB66FDAE78DC" authority="sensu Macleay (1878)" authorityName="sensu Macleay" authorityYear="1878" box="[245,588,1235,1259]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788DC6FB66FE4078DC" box="[245,418,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. rufescens sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B3FFFB4E2788C94FB61FDAE78DC" author="Macleay W" box="[423,588,1235,1259]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="135 - 8" refId="ref19250" refString="Macleay W. Ne batrachians of the ' Chevert' Expedition. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1878; 2: 135 - 8." type="journal article" year="1878">Macleay (1878)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we cannot compare their morphology explicitly. However, their habitat
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC886CFFB4E2788F96FB41FD31793C" box="[677,723,1267,1291]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
differs (lowland rainforest at
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB4E2788CB3FAA0FE15791E" box="[384,503,1298,1322]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="m" value="350.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="300.0">300–400 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F61FAA0FD18791E" authorityName="Ferreira & Kraus & Richards & Oliver & Günther & Trilaksono & Arida & Hamidy & Riyanto & Tjaturadi & Ŋébaud & Gaucher & Fouquet" authorityYear="2024" box="[594,762,1297,1321]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monophonus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F61FAA0FD18791E" bold="true" box="[594,762,1297,1321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. monophonus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vs. seasonal woodland and mangroves for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D4DFFB4E2788F25FA80FD68797E" authorityName="sensu Macleay" authorityYear="1878" box="[534,650,1329,1353]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Hylophorbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EADCFFB4E2788F25FA80FD68797E" box="[534,650,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H. rufescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and their
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC886CFFB4E2788D42FAE3FF7D795F" box="[113,159,1361,1384]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities are>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B2BFFB4E2788C0EFAE3FE78795F" box="[317,410,1360,1385]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="km" value="1000.0">1000 km</quantity>
|
||
apart, making their conspecificity highly unlikely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |