466 lines
54 KiB
XML
466 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="72D69D6E1C43F66E42D92E705B6ACDB9" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Amblovenatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E3973E60C41CF9E427612A11755A9370">
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<mods:title id="02D187E39834092DB5AD3294A267D46B">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E37CE0F2976043CCA396657605E3569A" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A76CD9742E5EA47CA81A479BC2AB674F">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1D50A0D3A412405B5C758AC6665FE07E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3D8061A24FAF8F62FDDF6452EFFC57D6">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6EDFD47929E7C2234EE20FAECC0DD7BC" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="A16D9669575C39B8BBEA3491B7ED5B96">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BA3440A402FC2A07F8F82E2879C53046">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C2A1982D5F0589D0688DDDB09F43E8D5">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CB816DB0EBD2B725BE41C844012BCE90">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="7A2FEEDA33B8A238798EBCC19E4A9337">
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<mods:dateIssued id="C4A73BC30390E3B207D324157C6892F0">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="778F0C57C7B4DEED968F6B5FA2362318">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="BF6812C41D89F3CDE14EACA5E96B4236">
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<mods:placeTerm id="147C914ED9EBCF0D90E1D8155C7C7C9B">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:classification id="97364B2DBD001B4413BE25090FA60076">book</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="20F89141CC522FF131B97F54E93AAB70" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0BA8ACB6D438DF4CFF63FA7D99595308" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076184" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFCF9B6362307993FE82FE8C" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" blockId="38.[97,1225,1242,1329]" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="D0E9818CFFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" reason="0">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" ID-CoL="62989" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62307993FCA8FB4F" bold="true" box="[539,783,1242,1268]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">AMBLOVENATUM</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D604A784BFDE1FAEC" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D604A784BFBD6FA8A" blockId="38.[97,1225,1242,1329]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFCF9B6D604A784BFD95FAAC" author="J. P. Roux" box="[97,562,1282,1303]" journal="Strelitzia" page="200" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" score="9.729594737742866" volume="23" year="2009">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D604A784BFE1EFAAC" ID-CoL="62989" authority="J. P. Roux, Strelitzia" authorityName="J. P. Roux, Strelitzia" box="[97,441,1282,1303]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D604A784BFF5BFAAC" bold="true" box="[97,252,1282,1303]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
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J.P. Roux, Strelitzia
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</taxonomicName>
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23:200. 2009
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</treatmentCitation>
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, a renaming of
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D628D784CFCAFFAAD" box="[678,776,1285,1302]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amphineuron</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D6326784FFC24FAAC" author="Holttum" box="[781,899,1286,1303]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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, non
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D6387784CFBB3FAAD" box="[940,1044,1285,1302]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amphineurion</emphasis>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCF9B6D6434784FFB89FAAC" box="[1055,1070,1286,1303]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCF9B6D641F784FFBF6FAAC" box="[1076,1105,1286,1303]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">DC</collectionCode>
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.) Pichon—
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<typeStatus id="54A58842FFCF9B6D648F784CFB63FAAE" box="[1188,1220,1285,1301]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">
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<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCF9B6D648F784CFB63FAAE" box="[1188,1220,1285,1301]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">TYPE</collectionCode>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D608A7869FE42FA8B" ID-CoL="CLBF" authority="(Kaulf.) J. P. Roux" authorityName="J. P. Roux" baseAuthorityName="Kaulf." box="[161,485,1312,1329]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D608A7869FEF8FA8A" box="[161,351,1312,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amblovenatum opulentum</emphasis>
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(Kaulf.) J.P. Roux
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D61D07869FD63FA8A" ID-CoL="HGDQ" authority="Kaulf." authorityName="Kaulf." box="[507,708,1312,1329]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61D07869FD36FA8A" box="[507,657,1312,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Aspidium opulentum</emphasis>
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Kaulf.
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</taxonomicName>
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]—
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62F17869FBD6FA8A" authority="(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk." box="[730,1137,1312,1329]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Thelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Amphineuron">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62F17869FC8BFA8A" box="[730,812,1312,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Thelypteris</emphasis>
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subg.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D63707869FC1AFA8A" box="[859,957,1312,1329]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amphineuron</emphasis>
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(Holttum) Fraser-Jenk.
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D60AA780CFDE1FAEC" blockId="38.[129,582,1349,1367]" box="[129,582,1349,1367]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">
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For additional synonymy, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D614A780FFE7FFAEC" author="Holttum" box="[353,472,1350,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="205 - 218" part="23" refId="ref109854" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23: 205 - 218." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1977a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D61F4780FFDB7FAEC" author="Holttum" box="[479,528,1350,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCF9B6D623D780FFD9AFAEC" author="Holttum" box="[534,573,1350,1367]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6D604A7825FD45FA59" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6D604A7825FD45FA59" blockId="38.[97,1226,1388,1826]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D604A7825FF47FA3A" box="[97,224,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Etymology.—</emphasis>
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Gr.
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D612F7825FE9AFA3A" box="[260,317,1388,1409]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">amphi</emphasis>
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, of two kinds +
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61F37824FDBFFA39" box="[472,536,1389,1410]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">neuron</emphasis>
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, nerve, pertaining to the venation of the
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<typeStatus id="54A58842FFCF9B6D638A7825FC6BFA3A" box="[929,972,1388,1409]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
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and some other species in the genus, which varies, even within the same frond, from free, meeting the margin at the sinus, or connivent with a sinus-membrane.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D613878E5FE06FA7A" box="[275,417,1452,1473]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D613878E5FE06FA7A" box="[275,417,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although not explained by its author, appears to be an inelegantly formed Latin translation of
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60CE7885FEC5FA5A" box="[229,354,1484,1505]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">Amphineuron</emphasis>
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meaning approximately the same thing.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCF9B6C60B978A4FF1CFD0C" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCF9B6C60B978A4FF1CFD0C" blockId="38.[97,1226,1388,1826]" lastBlockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">
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Plants terrestrial, of forested or somewhat disturbed habitats, medium sized (to about
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCF9B6D642A78A4FB8EF9BA" box="[1025,1065,1516,1538]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
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tall);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D644C78A4FB6EF9B9" bold="true" box="[1127,1225,1517,1538]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">rhizomes</emphasis>
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long-creeping to erect, with brown setose linear-lanceolate scales;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62C67B44FC96F999" bold="true" box="[749,817,1549,1570]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">fronds</emphasis>
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monomorphic, arching to erect, pinnatepinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatisect,
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D618F7B64FE47F9F9" bold="true" box="[420,480,1581,1602]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">stipes</emphasis>
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dull brown to stramineous;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62C47B64FCC4F9FA" bold="true" box="[751,867,1580,1602]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">stipe scales</emphasis>
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tangled, spreading, linear-lanceolate, dark brown and setose, readily deciduous;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61DC7B05FD9EF9DA" bold="true" box="[503,569,1612,1633]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">blades</emphasis>
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membranaceous to chartaceous, drying bifacially concolorous green to pale-olivaceous, apex subconform to gradually reduced (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D62B27B25FCB5F939" box="[665,786,1644,1666]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immersum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D62B27B25FCB5F939" box="[665,786,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. immersum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); proximal pinnae not reduced, or if reduced, then abruptly; proliferous buds lacking;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D61C97BC4FD8FF919" bold="true" box="[482,552,1677,1698]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">pinnae</emphasis>
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||
short-petiolulate, with truncate bases, proximal pinnae gradually narrowed towards bases, not auriculate (except
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D622E7BE5FD01F97A" box="[517,678,1708,1729]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subattenuatum">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D622E7BE5FD01F97A" box="[517,678,1708,1729]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. subattenuatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), margins lobed to within
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCF9B6D63897BE4FC7DF97A" box="[930,986,1708,1730]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
of costae, or incised only 1/3 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D60A57B85FEA4F95A" box="[142,259,1740,1761]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60A57B85FEA4F95A" box="[142,259,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. terminans</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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) to costae, segments nearly perpendicular to somewhat oblique and falcate, with rounded to broadly acute apices;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D60F67BA4FEB5F8B9" bold="true" box="[221,274,1773,1794]" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">veins</emphasis>
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||
free, connivent at or near sinuses, or with one or more pairs anastomosing below the sinus, and subsequent pairs running to sinus, with both states sometimes present within a single frond (
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCF9B6D63EA7A45FB9CF89A" box="[961,1083,1804,1825]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCF9B6D63EA7A45FB9CF89A" box="[961,1083,1804,1825]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="28">A. opulentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
), veins ending at margins or terminating prior to margins (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C62097DEBFD30FF0C" box="[546,663,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62097DEBFD30FF0C" box="[546,663,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. terminans</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62807DE8FCBBFF0D" bold="true" box="[683,796,161,182]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">aerophores</emphasis>
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||
present as inconspicuous swellings and/or discoloration at pinna bases;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C615F7D8BFD9BFF6C" bold="true" box="[372,572,194,215]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">indument abaxially</emphasis>
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||
of long (0.5–
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C62947D8BFD51FF6C" box="[703,758,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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), hyaline, acicular hairs along rachises, costae, and veins, short (<0.1 mm) hairs along rachises, costae, veins, and sometimes laminae, small, clear stipitate glands abundant on laminae between veins, and sulfur-colored spherical, sessile or stipitate glands along costae and veins, most abundant towards segment apices, rarely with scales on costae (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C62FE7C6BFCEAFE8D" box="[725,845,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62FE7C6BFCEAFE8D" box="[725,845,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. distinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63747C6BFB81FE8C" bold="true" box="[863,1062,290,311]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">indument adaxially</emphasis>
|
||
of long (0.5–
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C648E7C6BFB7DFE8C" box="[1189,1242,290,311]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) hyaline acicular hairs along rachises, costae, and veins, sometimes with small, colorless stipitate glands on laminae;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60527C28FF77FECD" bold="true" box="[121,208,353,374]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">pustules</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61377C2BFEE3FECC" bold="true" box="[284,324,354,375]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">sori</emphasis>
|
||
round, discrete to confluent, sometimes sunken in lamina (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63527C2BFC55FECC" box="[889,1010,354,375]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immersum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63527C2BFC55FECC" box="[889,1010,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. immersum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), supramedial to inframarginal, often restricted to distal portion of segments, indusiate or exindusiate (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63AA7CCBFC5CFE2D" box="[897,1019,385,407]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distinctum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63AA7CCBFC5CFE2D" box="[897,1019,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. distinctum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), indusia thick, brown, sometimes bicolorous, dark in the center and pale towards margins, often bearing abundant sulfur-colored glands (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C64E77CEBFF7CFE6D" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C64E77CEBFF7CFE6D" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C61227C8BFE24FE6C" box="[265,387,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immersum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61227C8BFE24FE6C" box="[265,387,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. immersum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and/or setae (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C623F7C8BFD2FFE6C" box="[532,648,450,471]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C623F7C8BFD2FFE6C" box="[532,648,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. terminans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62B77C8BFCA6FE6C" bold="true" box="[668,769,450,471]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
with thin stalks, which may bear stipitate glands, capsules glabrous;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61047CA8FED6FE4D" bold="true" box="[303,369,481,502]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">spores</emphasis>
|
||
dark brown to black, rarely tan (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C629E7CABFCF0FE4D" box="[693,855,481,503]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subattenuatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C629E7CABFCF0FE4D" box="[693,855,481,503]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. subattenuatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), perine with low thin crests;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C64577CABFB20FE4C" box="[1148,1159,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">x</emphasis>
|
||
=36, two species counted:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C61357F48FE3DFDAD" box="[286,410,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61357F48FE3DFDAD" box="[286,410,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is tetraploid, but both diploid and tetraploid counts are reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C641F7F48FB0CFDAC" box="[1076,1195,513,535]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C641F7F48FB0CFDAC" box="[1076,1195,513,535]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. terminans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. One collection from Timor may represent an infrageneric hybrid between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63237F68FC25FD8D" box="[776,898,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63237F68FC25FD8D" box="[776,898,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63847F68FB97FD8C" box="[943,1072,545,567]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63847F68FB8BFD8C" box="[943,1068,545,567]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="immersum">A. immersum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C64777F68FB64FD8D" box="[1116,1219,545,566]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tildeniae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C64777F68FB64FD8D" box="[1116,1219,545,566]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. tildeniae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of the Society and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C61317F0BFE07FDEC" box="[282,416,578,599]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Cook islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, may represent an intergeneric hybrid between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63AB7F08FBA6FDED" box="[896,1025,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63AB7F08FBA6FDED" box="[896,1025,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C641F7F08FEBAFDCC" authority="(Holttum 1977 b)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1977" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C641F7F08FB46FDED" box="[1076,1249,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Christella dentata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C60547F2BFEB2FDCC" author="Holttum" box="[127,277,610,631]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Holttum 1977b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Putative hybrids from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C620A7F2BFD04FDCC" box="[545,675,610,631]" name="Cook Islands" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Cook Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63297F28FCD9FDCD" box="[770,894,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63297F28FCD9FDCD" box="[770,894,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63867F28FBF4FDCD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[941,1107,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63867F28FBF4FDCD" box="[941,1107,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Christella dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C644B7F2BFB7CFDCD" box="[1120,1243,609,631]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Game 92/128</emphasis>
|
||
,!
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C60577FCBFF05FD2C" box="[124,162,642,663]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C60F17FC8FEF2FD2D" box="[218,341,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60F17FC8FEF2FD2D" box="[218,341,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C61A97FC8FDF4FD2C" box="[386,595,641,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Strophocaulon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="invisum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61A97FC8FDF4FD2C" box="[386,595,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Strophocaulon invisum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62757FCBFD43FD2D" box="[606,740,641,663]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Game 89/172
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C62FC7FC8FD43FD2D" box="[727,740,641,662]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62C47FC8FC8CFD2D" box="[751,811,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">89/173</emphasis>
|
||
,!
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C63137FCBFCF9FD2C" box="[824,862,642,663]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
) have been reported by Game and Smith (2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCE9B6C60827F8BFF18FBAC" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCE9B6C60827F8BFF18FBAC" blockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60827F8BFEA3FD6C" box="[169,260,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C610A7F88FE0AFD6D" box="[289,429,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C610A7F88FE0AFD6D" box="[289,429,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCE9B6C61987F8BFE68FD6C" box="[435,463,706,727]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61987F8BFE6EFD6C" box="[435,457,706,727]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C62877F8BFC96FD6D" box="[684,817,705,727]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C62877F8BFCB7FD6C" box="[684,784,706,727]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Mesopteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCE9B6C633C7F88FC96FD6D" box="[791,817,705,726]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the presence of long (0.5–
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C647E7F8BFB2BFD6C" box="[1109,1164,706,727]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) hyaline acicular hairs on axes of abaxial or adaxial laminae (vs. only minute stipitate glands or hairs> 0.5 mm long); sori typically with large, persistent conspicuous indusia (vs. sori exindusiate, with small indusia, or indusia obscured by copious resinous glands); membranaceous to thin-chartaceous laminae drying bifacially concolorous green to olivaceous (vs. thick-chartaceous laminae sometimes drying bicolorous dark brown to reddish); by the presence of opaque whitish to sulfur-colored glands (vs. translucent red or amber resinous glands)—though both genera frequently have minute colorless or golden brown stipitate glands as well; sori often restricted to distal veins of segments (vs. sori distributed the length of segments, or restricted to proximal portion of segments); and sinus membranes rarely bearing an appendage (vs. sinus-membrane usually with conspicuous projecting appendage).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63897E88FC59FC6D" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1974" box="[930,1022,961,982]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63897E88FC59FC6D" box="[930,1022,961,982]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Christella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having more abundant hairs, especially on laminar tissue between veins, and often having characteristic orangish pear-shaped glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCE9B6C60827968FCECFA2C" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCE9B6C60827968FCECFA2C" blockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60827968FDE4FB8D" box="[169,579,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Biogeography and ecology.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C619D7968FDE4FB8D" box="[438,579,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Amblovenatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is recognized herein as a genus of only six species. One of these,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C64E77968FF7CFBED" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C64E77968FF7CFBED" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is widespread throughout the tropics. Its native range is ostensibly Australasia south to Queensland, Asia north to Hainan, west to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C6142792BFE60FBCC" box="[361,455,1122,1143]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C6268792BFD28FBCC" box="[579,655,1122,1143]" name="Malaysia" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and east to Tahiti. The earliest records we have found outside this range are from
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C611E79CBFED9FB2C" box="[309,382,1154,1175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.94792" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="1948.0">1948 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C61A879CBFDA7FB2C" box="[387,512,1154,1175]" name="Mozambique" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C622579C8FD3BFB2D" box="[526,668,1153,1174]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mendonza 4377</emphasis>
|
||
, L), and
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFCE9B6C62DB79CBFC9EFB2C" box="[752,825,1154,1175]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.92252" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" unit="in" value="1938.0">1938 in</quantity>
|
||
Martinique (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C639C79CBFBEAFB2C" author="Smith" box="[951,1101,1154,1175]" firstAuthor="Smith" journalOrPublisher="Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot." page="110" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 143" part="59" refId="ref114165" refString="SMITH, A. R. 1971. Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 59: 1 - 143." title="Systematics of the neotropical species of Thelypteris section Cyclosorus" type="journal article" year="1971">Smith 1971:110</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C647D79C8FF00FB0D" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Stehle & Stehle 4986</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C609879EBFF71FB0C" box="[179,214,1186,1207]" country="USA" name="Upjohn Culture Collection" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">UC</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C60CB79EBFF59FB0C" box="[224,254,1186,1207]" name="United States of America" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFCE9B6C612379EBFEE7FB0C" box="[264,320,1186,1207]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">GBIF</collectionCode>
|
||
.org). This species is now widespread throughout the Antilles, Central America, much of South America, and East Africa and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C61B8798BFDAFFB6C" box="[403,520,1218,1239]" name="Madagascar" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
; it may be extirpated in Florida (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C6317798BFC1DFB6C" author="Nelson" box="[828,954,1218,1239]" firstAuthor="Nelson" journalOrPublisher="Pineapple Press, Inc., Sarasota, Florida, U. S. A" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" refId="ref112548" refString="NELSON, G. 2000. The ferns of Florida. Pineapple Press, Inc., Sarasota, Florida, U. S. A." title="The ferns of Florida" type="book" year="2000">Nelson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where it was once established in Dade Co.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C60C079ABFED8FB4C" author="Holttum" box="[235,383,1250,1271]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that it was not common anywhere in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C633C79ABFCC4FB4C" box="[791,867,1250,1271]" name="Malaysia" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and of doubtful nativity in Java, but that cultivated plants in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C611D784BFE32FAAC" box="[310,405,1282,1303]" name="Singapore" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
had a tendency to naturalize in the vicinity. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C635A7848FBB1FAAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[881,1046,1281,1302]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Christella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C635A7848FBB1FAAD" box="[881,1046,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Christella dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C646E7848FF7FFA8C" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Macrothelypteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torresiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C646E7848FF7FFA8C" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Macrothelypteris torresiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it may be a successful weed where it has become established.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63697868FB95FA8C" box="[834,1074,1313,1335]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="terminans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63697868FB95FA8C" box="[834,1074,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amblovenatum terminans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies a native range similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C61777808FE7FFAED" box="[348,472,1345,1366]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="opulentum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61777808FE7FFAED" box="[348,472,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. opulentum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it extends east only as far Queensland and New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C63F0780BFB83FAEC" box="[987,1060,1346,1367]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
; it is represented in Africa by few collections (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C615A782BFDA4FACC" author="Holttum" box="[369,515,1378,1399]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="J. S. African Bot." pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="123 - 168" part="40" refId="ref109577" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 a. Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands. J. S. African Bot. 40: 123 - 168." title="Thelypteridaceae of Africa and adjacent islands" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1974a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and may be introduced there. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C638E7828FBF4FACD" box="[933,1107,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="queenslandicum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C638E7828FBF4FACD" box="[933,1107,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">A. queenslandicum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described relatively recently (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C610678CBFE10FA2C" author="Holttum" box="[301,439,1410,1431]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="518" part="41" refId="ref110005" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1986. New thelypteroid ferns in Queensland. Kew Bull. 41: 518." title="New thelypteroid ferns in Queensland" type="journal article" year="1986">Holttum 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is endemic to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFCE9B6C624578CBFD43FA2C" box="[622,740,1410,1431]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C62C778CBFCE0FA2C" box="[748,839,1410,1431]" name="Australia" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFCE9B63608278EBFE82FE8C" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCE9B6C608278EBFD95F92C" blockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C608278EBFD3CFA0D" box="[169,667,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.—Amphineuron</emphasis>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C637F78EBFC4AFA0C" author="Holttum" box="[852,1005,1442,1463]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and its ten species were monographed by him a few years later (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C61D1788BFD28FA6C" author="Holttum" box="[506,655,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="205 - 218" part="23" refId="ref109854" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23: 205 - 218." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Holttum 1977a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). His circumscription was adopted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C6428788BFB22FA6C" author="Ching" box="[1027,1157,1474,1495]" firstAuthor="Ching" journalOrPublisher="Acta Phytotax. Sin." pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 19" part="16" refId="ref107554" refString="CHING, R. C. 1978. The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 1 - 19." title="The Chinese fern families and genera: systematic arrangement and historical origin" type="journal article" year="1978">Ching (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with the exception of the east Asian endemic species that Ching segregated in a newly described monotypic genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C647478ABFB65FA4C" box="[1119,1218,1506,1527]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C647478ABFB65FA4C" box="[1119,1218,1506,1527]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mesopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C60527B4BFF5CF9AD" box="[121,251,1537,1559]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60527B4BFF5CF9AD" box="[121,251,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">M.tonkinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Because of some uncertainty regarding relationships among genera,the remaining species of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C644F7B48FB46F9AD" box="[1124,1249,1537,1558]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amphineuron</emphasis>
|
||
were treated in a broad concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C619C7B68FDBDF98D" authorityName="sensu Copeland" authorityYear="1947" box="[439,538,1569,1590]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Cyclosorus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C619C7B68FDBDF98D" box="[439,538,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Cyclosorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Flora of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFCE9B6C62887B6BFD46F98C" box="[675,737,1570,1591]" name="China" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, though
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C63197B6BFC31F98C" box="[818,918,1570,1591]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63197B6BFC31F98C" box="[818,918,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mesopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was maintained based on morphological and molecular evidence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C618D7B0BFD89F9EC" author="Lin" box="[422,558,1601,1623]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lin" journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A." pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="319 - 396" refId="ref111240" refString="LIN, Y. X., Z. Y. LI, K. IWATSUKI, & A. R. SMITH. 2013. Thelypteridaceae. In Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong, eds., Flora of China, Vol. 2 - 3 (Pteridophytes). Science Press, Beijing, China; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, U. S. A. Pp. 319 - 396." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Z. Y. Wu, P. H. Raven, & D. Y. Hong" year="2013">Lin et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).Because of its similarity to the older name
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C63EE7B08FBEEF9ED" box="[965,1097,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amphineurion</emphasis>
|
||
(Apocynaceae), also native to southeast Asia, the name
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61D37B28FDD2F9CD" box="[504,629,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amphineuron</emphasis>
|
||
was rejected (Middleton in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C63A87B2BFBBCF9CC" author="Brummitt" box="[899,1051,1634,1655]" firstAuthor="Brummitt" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="590 - 594" part="56" refId="ref107042" refString="BRUMMITT, R. K. 2007. Report of the nomenclature committee for vascular plants: 58. Taxon 56: 590 - 594." title="Report of the nomenclature committee for vascular plants: 58" type="journal article" year="2007">Brummitt 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C647E7B28FB47F9CD" box="[1109,1248,1633,1654]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C647E7B28FB47F9CD" box="[1109,1248,1633,1654]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was published as its replacement (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C61917BCBFD80F92C" author="Roux" box="[442,551,1666,1687]" firstAuthor="Roux" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" refId="ref113664" refString="ROUX, J. P. 2009. Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa." title="Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23" type="book" year="2009">Roux 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFCE9B63608C7BE8FE82FE8C" blockId="39.[121,1251,161,1815]" lastBlockId="40.[97,1226,161,311]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">
|
||
In his revision of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C61607BE8FE60F90D" box="[331,455,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amphineuron</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFCE9B6C61F97BEBFD39F90C" author="Holttum" box="[466,670,1698,1719]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" page="206" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" pagination="205 - 218" part="23" refId="ref109854" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 a. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum. Blumea 23: 205 - 218." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae XII. The genus Amphineuron Holttum" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Holttum (1977a: 206)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized that the species “may be divided into two groups, one with conspicuous indusia, the other with indusia small or lacking.” These two groups correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C647D7B88FB46F96D" box="[1110,1249,1729,1750]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C647D7B88FB46F96D" box="[1110,1249,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCE9B6C60527BABFF32F94D" box="[121,149,1761,1783]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60527BABFF28F94C" box="[121,143,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFCE9B6C60EC7BABFE8AF94C" box="[199,301,1762,1783]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C60EC7BABFE8AF94C" box="[199,301,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">Mesopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFCE9B6C611F7BA8FEE9F94D" box="[308,334,1761,1782]" pageId="39" pageNumber="29" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFCE9B6C611F7BA8FEEFF94D" box="[308,328,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="29">s.l</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in our treatment. Despite some morphological similarities, these two groups are not closely related, based on molecular phylogenetic evidence, which was first demonstrated by He and Zhang (2012) and corroborated by subsequent analyses (Fawcett et al. in press).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63629F7DE8FC98FF0D" box="[692,831,161,182]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amblovenatum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63629F7DE8FC98FF0D" box="[692,831,161,182]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Amblovenatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC19B63636E7DEBFCC7FF0C" box="[837,864,162,183]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63636E7DEBFCFDFF0C" box="[837,858,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">s.s</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is well supported as a member of the christelloid clade, but because of poor resolution of backbone nodes, its closest relatives within the clade are uncertain. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6360A67DABFF53FF4C" box="[141,244,226,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360A67DABFF53FF4C" box="[141,244,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Mesopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade, which includes the Chinese/Vietnamese endemic,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63631E7DABFC18FF4D" box="[821,959,225,247]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63631E7DABFC18FF4D" box="[821,959,225,247]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">M. tonkinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and several Malesian and Australasian species, is in the chingioid clade, sister to a clade that includes
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63637E7C48FB39FEAD" box="[853,1182,257,279]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63637E7C48FC65FEAD" box="[853,962,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Grypothrix</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6363E07C4BFBE3FEAC" box="[971,1092,258,279]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Menisciopsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B6364657C48FB3DFEAD" box="[1102,1178,257,278]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chingia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC19B63604A7C68FF71FE8D" box="[97,214,289,310]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="40" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B63604A7C68FF71FE8D" box="[97,214,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC19B6360C97C6BFEB0FE8C" box="[226,279,290,311]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111042/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC19B6360C97C6BFEB0FE8C" bold="true" box="[226,279,290,311]" pageId="40" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
|
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).
|
||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |