364 lines
45 KiB
XML
364 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="F267C94ECB9BABCD8F4B5000FA73C1ED" ID-DOI="10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14111022" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1634280027544" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Fawcett, Susan & Smith, Alan R." docDate="2021" docId="03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC" docLanguage="en" docName="2021_ThelypteridaceaeFerns_OACopy3.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Fort Worth, Texas, USA: BRIT Press" docTitle="Chingia" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF8EFF8EFFE99B4B602B7D49FFA7FFBB" masterDocTitle="A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1731444927364" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B71BF1BD3423DBC773DF3E8345A1D08E">
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<mods:title id="25D98CE88FDBB854FAD939A684345A0D">A Generic Classification of the Thelypteridaceae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="83E88B12006CFA168D89FAB9E85C1346" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="64620F2E318FCB9BD607F1C8B567D86A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2BADBA9347D2ACB5E7037801F17D8564">Fawcett, Susan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="473D87978B4D092EC6536A73F2BBDCC7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3BD958804B1FBFE126E3CB7B2538E714">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8469F39EB947FDE7E0E8CE1C5A96FA18">Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6AF2121D091291BFA94979965E50570C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="DB76854DBB5DDBFB6C3759F294BBFD45">2021</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="C39DBF173A1A5BC0C355B7A0DAD84972">BRIT Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="B998BA9E50FDD547DE7BE498A240CFD6">Fort Worth, Texas, USA</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:identifier id="297987C3A771735435C7A135F2E527E2" type="DOI">10.17348/jbrit.v15.i2.1206</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1CEB0E660C2A56A82B786CDD3983D442" type="Zenodo-Dep">14111022</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076210" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14076210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B787F6FFC09B61624679B6FD16F9AC" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" blockId="41.[121,969,1279,1341]" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="D0E9818CFFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" allCaps="true" bold="true" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" reason="0">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" ID-CoL="3N7T" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62624679B6FD4BFAA2" bold="true" box="[621,748,1279,1305]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">CHINGIA</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B6260527861FDF0FADA" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B6260527861FC6EFA87" blockId="41.[121,969,1279,1341]" box="[121,969,1320,1341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABF10F1FFC09B6260527861FE46FA86" author="Chingia Holttum" box="[121,481,1320,1341]" journal="Blumea" page="31" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" score="3.24319811522761" volume="19" year="1971">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6260527861FED5FA86" ID-CoL="3N7T" authority="Holttum, Blumea" authorityName="Holttum, Blumea" box="[121,370,1320,1341]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260527861FF6DFA86" bold="true" box="[121,202,1320,1341]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Chingia</emphasis>
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Holttum, Blumea
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</taxonomicName>
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19:31. 1971
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</treatmentCitation>
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.—
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<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC09B6261D67862FDBAFA80" box="[509,541,1323,1339]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">
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<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC09B6261D67862FDBAFA80" box="[509,541,1323,1339]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">TYPE</collectionCode>
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</typeStatus>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62620E7863FCABFA87" ID-CoL="5XRSK" authority="(Blume) Holttum" authorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityName="Blume" box="[549,780,1322,1340]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62620E7863FD21FA80" box="[549,646,1322,1339]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Chingia ferox</emphasis>
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(Blume) Holttum
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</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6263097863FC63FA87" ID-CoL="HFWF" authority="Blume" authorityName="Blume" box="[802,964,1322,1340]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6263097863FC28FA80" box="[802,911,1322,1339]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Aspidium ferox</emphasis>
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Blume
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B6260B27819FDF0FADA" blockId="41.[153,599,1360,1377]" box="[153,599,1360,1377]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">
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For complete synonymy, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B62615B7819FE4DFADA" author="Holttum" box="[368,490,1360,1377]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kalikasan" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="13 - 28" part="3" refId="ref109606" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia. Kalikasan 3: 13 - 28." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="b">Holttum (1974b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B6261DB7819FD87FADA" author="Holttum" box="[496,544,1360,1377]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC09B62620D7819FDEAFADA" author="Holttum" box="[550,589,1360,1377]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B626052783EFBABFA16" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B626052783EFBABFA16" blockId="41.[121,1250,1399,1805]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B626052783EFF5FFA37" box="[121,248,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">Etymology.—</emphasis>
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Named in honor of Chinese pteridologist Ren Chang Ching (1898–1986), who published extensively on the ferns of
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<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC09B6260C378D1FE83FA16" box="[232,292,1432,1453]" name="China" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">China</collectingCountry>
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and developed the first modern classification for Old World
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B62634B78D1FBAFFA16" box="[864,1032,1432,1453]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Thelypteridaceae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC09B61608378F1FBA5FE0C" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC09B61608378F1FBA5FE0C" blockId="41.[121,1250,1399,1805]" lastBlockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">
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Plants terrestrial, of open sites, with tree-fern habit, reaching heights of
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B62637E78F1FCDBFA77" box="[853,892,1463,1485]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
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, though plants under
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B62646578F1FBD4FA77" box="[1102,1139,1463,1485]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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tall may be fertile;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6260907891FEBEFA56" bold="true" box="[187,281,1496,1517]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">rhizomes</emphasis>
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erect and caulescent, to
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||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B6261D47891FD9EFA57" box="[511,569,1495,1517]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
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thick or greater, trunks to
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B62631E7891FCFDFA57" box="[821,858,1495,1517]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1.0">1 m</quantity>
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tall, stipe bases persistent;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6264717891FB3AFA56" bold="true" box="[1114,1181,1496,1517]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">fronds</emphasis>
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monomorphic, erect, arching or spreading from caudex, usually pinnate-pinnatifid to pinnate-pinnatisect, rarely (
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6264A378BEFF14F997" authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName=", Tryon & Lugardon" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6264A378BEFF14F997" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">C. marattioides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) bipinnate;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62610F7B51FEF8F996" bold="true" box="[292,351,1560,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">stipes</emphasis>
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stramineous to castaneous, with flat to terete scales, or hairs and scales;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6264297B51FBD4F997" bold="true" box="[1026,1139,1559,1581]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">stipe scales</emphasis>
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proximally dense, thick, stiff, setiferous, dark brown to blackish, linear-lanceolate, to
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<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC09B6263127B71FCCFF9F7" box="[825,872,1591,1613]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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long, transitioning to spreading, terete, spine-like scales distally, sometimes scales extending onto rachises, often breaking, leaving darkened stump-like scars, sometimes containing foul-smelling, irritating liquid (
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6262B97B3EFCC5F937" box="[658,866,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6262B97B3EFD43F937" box="[658,740,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="urens">C. urens</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC09B6262C57B3EFCC5F937" box="[750,866,1655,1676]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="41" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="malodora">C. malodora</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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);
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62635C7B3EFC1DF937" bold="true" box="[887,954,1655,1676]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">blades</emphasis>
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chartaceous, drying green or reddish, ovate to lanceolate, proximally lacking greatly reduced or glanduliform proximal pinnae, with apex gradually reduced or conform, pinnae generally not greatly reduced distally, proliferous buds lacking;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B6263D77BF1FBE5F976" bold="true" box="[1020,1090,1720,1741]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">pinnae</emphasis>
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sessile or shortpetiolulate, with bases truncate, rounded, or broadly cuneate, not or little dilated at the base, margins dentate to deeply lobed, with prominent sinus-membranes;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC09B62627D7BB1FD2CF8B6" bold="true" box="[598,651,1784,1805]" pageId="41" pageNumber="31">veins</emphasis>
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of one or more pairs generally anastomosing below the sinus (free in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160827DEBFF50FF0C" box="[169,247,162,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pricei">
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160827DEBFF50FF0C" box="[169,247,162,183]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. pricei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61610F7DEBFE09FF0D" authorityName="S. E. Fawc. & A. R. Sm." baseAuthorityName=", Tryon & Lugardon" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[292,430,161,183]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61610F7DEBFE09FF0D" box="[292,430,161,183]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. marattioides</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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), with many more pairs running along sinus membrane, large individuals with> 30 pairs of veins per segment, basalmost veins often arising from costae;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163377D88FC37FF6D" bold="true" box="[796,912,193,214]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">aerophores</emphasis>
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absent;
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<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163C97D8BFB08FF6C" bold="true" box="[994,1199,194,215]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">indument abaxially</emphasis>
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||
of rachises, costae, veins, and laminar tissue between veins of long and/or short hyaline acicular hairs, sometimes with clear stipitate glands or sessile yellow spherical glands, the young fronds sometimes sticky with a spicy-smelling, irritating glandular exudate (
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161627C6BFDEDFE8C" authority=", Herbert 2006" authorityName=", Herbert" authorityYear="2006" box="[329,586,289,311]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161627C6BFE1BFE8D" box="[329,444,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. australis,</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6161E97C6BFDEDFE8C" author="Herbert" box="[450,586,290,311]" firstAuthor="Herbert" journalOrPublisher="Report to Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Available at www. environment. gov. au / biodiversity / threatened / recovery-plans / national-recovery-plan-fern-chingia-australis. Accessed Dec" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" part="2019" refId="ref109291" refString="HERBERT, J. 2006. National recovery plan for the fern Chingia australis. Report to Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Available at www. environment. gov. au / biodiversity / threatened / recovery-plans / national-recovery-plan-fern-chingia-australis. Accessed Dec 2019." title="National recovery plan for the fern Chingia australis" type="journal volume" year="2006">Herbert 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162707C6BFC8EFE8C" bold="true" box="[603,809,290,311]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">indument adaxially</emphasis>
|
||
primarily restricted to axes (rachises and costae), of hyaline acicular hairs;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161837C08FE58FEED" bold="true" box="[424,511,321,342]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">pustules</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61627B7C0BFDDFFEEC" bold="true" box="[592,632,322,343]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">sori</emphasis>
|
||
most often near costules, less commonly medial, discrete or coalescent, exindusiate or with small indusia;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162367C2BFD25FECC" bold="true" box="[541,642,354,375]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">sporangia</emphasis>
|
||
glabrous or with spherical yellow glands, stipitate glands, or setulae;
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||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160847CC8FF56FE2D" bold="true" box="[175,241,385,406]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">spores</emphasis>
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||
nearly always black or dark brown, papillose, winged, or echinate (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163517CCBFF36FE0C" authority=", Tryon & Lugardon 1991" authorityName="Tryon & Lugardon" authorityYear="1991" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163517CCBFBA1FE2D" box="[890,1030,385,407]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. marattioides</emphasis>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6164397CCBFF36FE0C" author="Tryon & Lugardon" firstAuthor="Tryon" journalOrPublisher="Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" refId="ref115218" refString="TRYON, A. F. & B. LUGARDON. 1991. Spores of Pteridophyta. Springer-Verlag, New York, U. S. A." title="Spores of Pteridophyta" type="book" year="1991">Tryon & Lugardon 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160B27CEBFE05FE0C" authority=", Patel et al. 2019 a" authorityName="Patel" authorityYear="2019" box="[153,418,417,439]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fijiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160B27CEBFF5FFE0D" box="[153,248,417,439]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. fijiensis</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6161297CEBFE05FE0C" author="Patel" box="[258,418,418,439]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Patel" journalOrPublisher="Int. J. Pl. Sci." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="1016 - 1035" part="180" refId="ref112729" refString="PATEL, N., S. FAWCETT, M. SUNDUE, & J. BUDKE. 2019 a. Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 180: 1016 - 1035." title="Evolution of perine morphology in Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">Patel et al. 2019a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61619B7CEBFE1CFE0C" box="[432,443,418,439]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">x</emphasis>
|
||
= 36, two species counted, both diploids. No hybrids known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC39B6160BA7C8BFF08FD4C" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC39B6160BA7C8BFF08FD4C" blockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160BA7C8BFF4CFE6C" box="[145,235,450,471]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61612C7C8BFE11FE6C" author="As Holttum" box="[263,438,450,471]" firstAuthor="As Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">As Holttum (1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6161947C8BFE5CFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[447,507,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kalikasan" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="13 - 28" part="3" refId="ref109606" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1974 b. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia. Kalikasan 3: 13 - 28." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VII: The genus Chingia" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="b">1974b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61622F7C8BFDE7FE6C" author="Holttum" box="[516,576,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Allertonia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="169 - 234" part="1" refId="ref109882" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1977 b. The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia. Allertonia 1: 169 - 234." title="The family Thelypteridaceae in the Pacific and Australasia" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">1977b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6162617C8BFDDDFE6C" author="Holttum" box="[586,634,450,471]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggested,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162DB7C88FCC2FE6D" box="[752,869,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162DB7C88FCC2FE6D" box="[752,869,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the closest relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61647B7C88FB3EFE6D" box="[1104,1177,449,470]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61647B7C88FB3EFE6D" box="[1104,1177,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and some species share the unusual stiff, terete stipe scales (otherwise unique in the family) and black to dark brown spores.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61604A7F48FF7FFDAD" box="[97,216,513,534]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A7F48FF7FFDAD" box="[97,216,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having free veins, deeply pinnatisect pinnae, a tendency to be of much smaller stature, often creeping rhizomes, medial sori (vs. borne along costules), persistent indusia, pustular laminae, and swollen aerophores.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61604A7F08FEE8FDED" box="[97,335,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marattioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A7F08FEE8FDED" box="[97,335,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron marattioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here transferred to
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162027F08FDDEFDED" box="[553,633,577,598]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162027F08FDD2FDED" box="[553,629,577,598]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chingia</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This taxon differs from species in both genera in being fully bipinnate. However, with molecular evidence, it is nested within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162E17F28FCB4FDCD" box="[714,787,609,630]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162E17F28FCB4FDCD" box="[714,787,609,630]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6163367F2BFC6DFDCC" author="ALSTON, A. H. G." box="[797,970,610,631]" journalOrPublisher="J. Bot." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="225 - 229" part="78" refId="ref106308" refString="ALSTON, A. H. G. 1940. Undescribed ferns from New Guinea. J. Bot. 78: 225 - 229." title="Undescribed ferns from New Guinea" type="journal article" year="1940">Alston (1940:227)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted in his description of this species that it “seems allied to [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161EB7FC8FDAFFD2D" box="[448,520,641,662]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161EB7FC8FDAFFD2D" box="[448,520,641,662]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61623C7FCBFDC9FD2C" box="[535,622,642,663]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imponens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61623C7FCBFDC9FD2C" box="[535,622,642,663]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">imponens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, in spite of its free veins. Based on the description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6164457FCBFF34FD0C" author="Takeuchi" firstAuthor="Takeuchi" journalOrPublisher="Harvard Pap. Bot." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="95 - 117" part="10" refId="ref115097" refString="TAKEUCHI, W. 2005. Floristic notes from a Holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Pap. Bot. 10: 95 - 117." title="Floristic notes from a Holocene successional environment in Papuasia" type="journal article" year="2005">Takeuchi 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and on observation of images of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC39B6161D27FEBFD83FD0C" box="[505,548,674,695]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC39B61621B7FEBFDE4FD0C" box="[560,579,674,695]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
: both scanned specimens and photos of microscopic features, courtesy of
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC39B6160827F8BFF1DFD6C" box="[169,186,706,727]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC39B6160977F8BFF6BFD6C" box="[188,204,706,727]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. Gilman), we believe a second species, described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162F97F88FC38FD6D" box="[722,927,705,726]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Amphineuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lindleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162F97F88FC38FD6D" box="[722,927,705,726]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Amphineuron lindleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, should also be transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61604A7FA8FF0DFD4D" box="[97,170,737,758]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A7FA8FF0DFD4D" box="[97,170,737,758]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC39B6160BA7E48FF5AFC2C" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC39B6160BA7E48FF5AFC2C" blockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160BA7E48FE25FCAD" box="[145,386,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Biogeography and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
.—The 25 species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162657E48FD3FFCAD" box="[590,664,769,790]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162657E48FD3FFCAD" box="[590,664,769,790]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distributed throughout
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B6163827E4BFC53FCAC" box="[937,1012,770,791]" name="Malaysia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Malesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the southeastern Pacific to elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CE69B05FFC39B61611D7E6BFE26FC8C" box="[310,385,802,823]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
. One widespread species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61625E7E68FD57FC8D" box="[629,752,801,822]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61625E7E68FD57FC8D" box="[629,752,801,822]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. longissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, extends eastward to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B6163F57E6BFBDBFC8C" box="[990,1148,802,823]" name="Micronesia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Caroline Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Society Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B61609A7E0BFEF5FCEC" box="[177,338,834,855]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and Marquesas. They are largely absent from continental southeast Asia but reach
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B61645A7E0BFB6EFCEC" box="[1137,1225,834,855]" name="Thailand" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B6160D07E2BFEF3FCCC" box="[251,340,866,887]" name="Malaysia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0FAE25FFC39B6161767E2BFECAFCCC" box="[349,365,866,887]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
single endangered endemic species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162F87E28FC9AFCCD" authorityName=", Herbert" authorityYear="2006" box="[723,829,865,886]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="australis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162F87E28FC9AFCCD" box="[723,829,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. australis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, reaches south to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DAF802FFC39B6163DB7E2BFBC0FCCC" box="[1008,1127,866,887]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Queensland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3097670FFC39B61645B7E2BFB6EFCCC" box="[1136,1225,866,887]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61604C7ECBFF55FC2C" author="Holttum" box="[103,242,898,919]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bull." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="518" part="41" refId="ref110005" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1986. New thelypteroid ferns in Queensland. Kew Bull. 41: 518." title="New thelypteroid ferns in Queensland" type="journal article" year="1986">Holttum 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C304656BFFC39B6160BA7EEBFD16F9AC" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC39B6160BA7EEBFBF9FAAC" blockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160BA7EEBFE45FC0D" box="[145,482,929,951]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies</emphasis>
|
||
.—The genus was described and its constituent taxa delineated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61645D7EEBFF07FC6C" author="Holttum" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. No previous authors had recognized these species as belonging to a natural group. Although initially suspecting a close affinity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161347EA8FD91FC4C" authority="(Holttum 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[287,566,993,1015]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161347EA8FE3BFC4D" box="[287,412,993,1014]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Mesophlebion</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61618C7EABFD88FC4C" author="Holttum" box="[423,559,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="17 - 52" part="19" refId="ref109463" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1971. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17 - 52." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae III. A new system of genera in the Old World" type="journal article" year="1971">Holttum 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he later concluded that the resemblance to that genus was superficial (1974a, 1977b, 1982) and that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161A17948FDA7FBAD" box="[394,512,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161A17948FDA7FBAD" box="[394,512,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(which
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61627B794BFD79FBAC" author="Holttum" box="[592,734,1026,1047]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Blumea" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="223 - 250" part="22" refId="ref109741" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1975. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron. Blumea 22: 223 - 250." title="Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae VIII. The genera Mesophlebion and Plesioneuron" type="journal article" year="1975">Holttum, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, segregated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163A17948FBA0FBAD" baseAuthorityName="Holttum" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[906,1031,1025,1046]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesophlebion" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163A17948FBA0FBAD" box="[906,1031,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Mesophlebion</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was the only close relative of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160E97968FEACFB8D" box="[194,267,1057,1078]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160E97968FEACFB8D" box="[194,267,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This conclusion is supported by the reciprocal monophyly and sister relationship of these two genera inferred from phylogenomic evidence (Fawcett et al. in press). Although this sister relationship generally has high support, some conflict exists among individual gene trees.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162BB7928FD7EFBCD" box="[656,729,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162BB7928FD7EFBCD" box="[656,729,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163207928FC27FBCD" box="[779,896,1121,1142]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Plesioneuron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163207928FC27FBCD" box="[779,896,1121,1142]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Plesioneuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6163AE792BFC70FBCC" box="[901,983,1122,1143]" form="the" genus="The" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" rank="form">form the</taxonomicName>
|
||
most highly nested clade within the chingioid (non-core christelloid) clade, which includes in descending order along a grade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61646779CBFB65FB2C" box="[1100,1218,1154,1175]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Menisciopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61646779CBFB65FB2C" box="[1100,1218,1154,1175]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Menisciopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61604A79E8FF6EFB0D" box="[97,201,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Grypothrix" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61604A79E8FF6EFB0D" box="[97,201,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Grypothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6160F879EBFE90FB0C" box="[211,311,1186,1207]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Mesopteris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160F879EBFE90FB0C" box="[211,311,1186,1207]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Mesopteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2595789FFC39B61611779E8FEF3FB0D" box="[316,340,1185,1206]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61611779E8FEF7FB0D" box="[316,336,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">s.l</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6161BB79E8FDECFB0D" box="[400,587,1185,1206]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Glaphyropteridopsis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6161BB79E8FDECFB0D" box="[400,587,1185,1206]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Glaphyropteridopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inferred either as sister to the rest of the chingioid genera or diverging from the backbone node before them, sister to the chingioids plus a large christelloid clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13252A65FFC39B6163D4798BFB92FB6C" box="[1023,1077,1218,1239]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[121,129,1674,1694]" captionTargetBox="[123,1242,160,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-8@21.[121,1246,150,1639]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 1. A synoptical treeillustrating relationships among genera of Thelypteridaceae based on Fawcett et al.(in press)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14111042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14111042/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6163D4798BFB92FB6C" bold="true" box="[1023,1077,1218,1239]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Fig. 1</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Although the monophyly of the chingioid clade, and crown nodes corresponding to each genus within it, are highly supported, support of backbone nodes is low, and uncertainty remains about the relationships of these genera to one other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA136E0FFC39B6160BA786BFD16F9AC" blockId="42.[97,1226,161,1559]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6160BA786BFF63FA8C" box="[145,196,1314,1335]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
.—Of the 18 species treated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6161DE786BFD2BFA8C" author="Holttum" box="[501,652,1314,1335]" firstAuthor="Holttum" journalOrPublisher="Flora Malesiana" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="334 - 560" part="1" refId="ref109955" refString="HOLTTUM, R. E. 1982. Thelypteridaceae. Flora Malesiana, Ser. II, 1 (5): 334 - 560." title="Thelypteridaceae" type="journal article" year="1982">Holttum (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, eight were known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC39B6163FF7868FBA6FA8D" box="[980,1025,1313,1334]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, or the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A58842FFC39B6164607868FBD1FA8D" box="[1099,1142,1313,1334]" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and one other collection. Most species are narrowly restricted endemics, and further study may reveal that the current taxonomic concepts for widespread species, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61622E7828FDEBFACD" box="[517,588,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Aspidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferox">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61622E7828FDEBFACD" box="[517,588,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. ferox</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6162537828FD53FACD" box="[632,756,1377,1398]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6162537828FD53FACD" box="[632,756,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">C. longissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are too broad (e.g., see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B6163F8782BFBD5FACC" author="Game" box="[979,1138,1377,1399]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Game" journalOrPublisher="Bot." pageId="42" pageNumber="32" pagination="26 - 37" part="56" refId="ref108868" refString="GAME, J. C., S. E. FAWCETT, & A. R. SMITH. 2018. New pteridophyte records for Taveuni (Fiji) and a new species of Chingia (Thelypteridaceae). New Zealand J. Bot. 56: 26 - 37." title="New pteridophyte records for Taveuni (Fiji) and a new species of Chingia (Thelypteridaceae). New Zealand J" type="journal article" year="2018">Game et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B6164AB7828FF01FA2C" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B6164AB7828FB6EFACD" box="[1152,1225,1377,1398]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are often pioneers, dependent on disturbance and open habitats for their establishment, and their populations may be short-lived (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8F4B11FFC39B61613778EBFE06FA0C" author="Herbert" box="[284,417,1442,1463]" firstAuthor="Herbert" journalOrPublisher="Report to Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Available at www. environment. gov. au / biodiversity / threatened / recovery-plans / national-recovery-plan-fern-chingia-australis. Accessed Dec" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" part="2019" refId="ref109291" refString="HERBERT, J. 2006. National recovery plan for the fern Chingia australis. Report to Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Canberra. Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, Brisbane. Available at www. environment. gov. au / biodiversity / threatened / recovery-plans / national-recovery-plan-fern-chingia-australis. Accessed Dec 2019." title="National recovery plan for the fern Chingia australis" type="journal volume" year="2006">Herbert 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Their dynamic population structure, ruderal nature, and narrow ranges make them a challenging target for conservation efforts. Furthermore, due to their exceptionally large size, narrow ranges, remote habitats, and, in some cases, foul-smelling, irritating secondary chemistry, our understanding of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1E4D63FFC39B61642478A8FBFFFA4D" box="[1039,1112,1505,1526]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Thelypteridaceae" genus="Chingia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="42" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96AEAF2FFC39B61642478A8FBFFFA4D" box="[1039,1112,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="32">Chingia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is impeded both by lack of collections and paucity of complete specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |