173 lines
17 KiB
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173 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.345.6209" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7af6a9b4-3177-47fc-b014-c108e493aacb" ID-PMC="PMC3817442" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-345-47" ID-PubMed="24194664" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-345-47" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 345" ModsDocTitle="Redescription of Mymarilla Westwood, new synonymies under Cremnomymar Ogloblin (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) and discussion of unusual wings" checkinTime="1451246764558" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Huber, John T." docDate="2013" docId="8EC34E15385C5F1B4EA7893A8B79DA23" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 345: 47-72" docOrigin="ZooKeys 345" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.345.6209" docTitle="Cremnomymar Ogloblin" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FF90FFF5FFE6FF98FF92FF80FF9CFFE4" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Mymarilla Westwood, new synonymies under Cremnomymar Ogloblin (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) and discussion of unusual wings" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1668156694492" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Redescription of Mymarilla Westwood, new synonymies under Cremnomymar Ogloblin (Hymenoptera, Mymaridae) and discussion of unusual wings</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huber, John T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>345</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>72</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.345.6209</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.345.6209</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-345-47</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152049013" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8EC34E15385C5F1B4EA7893A8B79DA23" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8EC34E15385C5F1B4EA7893A8B79DA23" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cremnomymar" authority="Ogloblin" class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="51" start="start">Cremnomymar</pageBreakToken>
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Ogloblin
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 11-14, 20-38
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cremnomymar</taxonomicName>
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Ogloblin, 1952: 120 (generic description, two species described, based on males);
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="413 - 444" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 35. Mymaridae, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae y Scelionidae (Hymenoptera)." volume="5" year="1957">Ogloblin 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: 418 (two species described, based on females);
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<bibRefCitation author="Annecke, DP" journalOrPublisher="Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 71" title="The genera of the Mymaridae. Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Entomology Memoirs." volume="5" year="1961">Annecke and Doutt 1961</bibRefCitation>
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: 6 (key), 31 (comments); Fidalgo, 1982: 98 (comparison with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Parapolynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parapolynema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parapolynema</taxonomicName>
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);
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Scolopsopteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolopsopteron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scolopsopteron</taxonomicName>
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Ogloblin, 1952: 127 (generic description, one species based on two males); Annecke and Doutt, 1961: 6 (key), 30 (comments). syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Nesopolynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesopolynema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesopolynema</taxonomicName>
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Ogloblin, 1952: 132 (generic description, one species based on a male);
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<bibRefCitation author="Annecke, DP" journalOrPublisher="Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 71" title="The genera of the Mymaridae. Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Entomology Memoirs." volume="5" year="1961">Annecke and Doutt 1961</bibRefCitation>
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: 6 (key), 30 (comments). syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Oncomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oncomymar</taxonomicName>
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Ogloblin, 1952: 132 (generic description, one species based on a female);
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<bibRefCitation author="Annecke, DP" journalOrPublisher="Department of Agricultural Technical Services, Republic of South Africa" pageId="13" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 71" title="The genera of the Mymaridae. Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea. Entomology Memoirs." volume="5" year="1961">Annecke and Doutt 1961</bibRefCitation>
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: 6 (key), 30 (comments). syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="119 - 138" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 12. Mymaridae (Hymenoptera)." volume="2" year="1952">Ogloblin (1952</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="413 - 444" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 35. Mymaridae, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae y Scelionidae (Hymenoptera)." volume="5" year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
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) described seven species of Mymaride based on eight specimens from the Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands, all but one from Masatierra Island (Robinson Crusoe Island). Three were described from females only and four from males only.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Scolopsopteron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolopsopteron dipteron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dipteron">Scolopsopteron dipteron</taxonomicName>
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Ogloblin (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="119 - 138" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 12. Mymaridae (Hymenoptera)." volume="2" year="1952">Ogloblin 1952</bibRefCitation>
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) has a fore wing of normal length but unusually narrow and a rudimentary hind wing.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Oncomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oncomymar kuscheli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuscheli">Oncomymar kuscheli</taxonomicName>
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Ogloblin (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="413 - 444" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 35. Mymaridae, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae y Scelionidae (Hymenoptera)." volume="5" year="1957">Ogloblin 1957</bibRefCitation>
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) has a fore wing of normal width and length but strongly convex (spoon-shaped) and a rudimentary hind wing.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Nesopolynema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nesopolynema" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nesopolynema</taxonomicName>
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has a normal fore wing (hind wings missing in
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogloblin’s">Ogloblin's</normalizedToken>
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specimen).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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It is improbable that the Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands would have four endemic genera of
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<taxonomicName family="Mymaridae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" rank="family">Mymaridae</taxonomicName>
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, as treated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="119 - 138" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 12. Mymaridae (Hymenoptera)." volume="2" year="1952">Ogloblin (1952</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="413 - 444" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 35. Mymaridae, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae y Scelionidae (Hymenoptera)." volume="5" year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
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). Above the species category similarities must be used to define collective groups, not differences. If differences are used, then how different must something be to be placed in a different genus? "Different enough" is not an acceptable answer. If it were, the placement of species in genera of finer and finer difference would be the norm, with the result that the genus category would become almost synonymous with the species category, and each genus would contain only one or two species. Unfortunately, Ogloblin sometimes defined genera based on obvious but superficial differences that resulted in oversplitting. I am confident that all seven of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ogloblin’s">Ogloblin's</normalizedToken>
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species from the Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands represent at most different species within a single genus. Indeed some of them have likely been described twice, once from females and once from males.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
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I examined forty-three specimens (not the types) of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="52" start="start">Cremnomymar</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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(including the synonyms proposed above), all from Masatierra, the largest of the Juan
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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Islands. In some of the speciesthe fore wing is fully developed and flat (Fig. 11) but in others it is more or less reduced and convex (Figs 12-14). Depending on the extent of wing reduction the mesothorax is also reduced but the placoid sensilla on the scutellum are always widely separated. The pronotal structure varies from entire, sometimes with indication of a mediolongitutinal line, to being apparently completely divided medially by a complete longitudinal carina. The propodeum in short-winged specimens changes in ways that I consider to be at most of species-level significance, from strongly carinate and with a large, sublateral tooth bearing the propodeal seta, as in fully winged
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cremnomymar</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 11, 12, 32) to almost smooth (Fig. 14) but still with the propodeal seta on a bump or tooth. Therefore, I propose the above generic synonymies and transfer the included species to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cremnomymar</taxonomicName>
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as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar caudatum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatum">Cremnomymar caudatum</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="119 - 138" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 12. Mymaridae (Hymenoptera)." volume="2" year="1952">Ogloblin 1952</bibRefCitation>
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), comb. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar dipteron" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dipteron">Cremnomymar dipteron</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="413 - 444" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 35. Mymaridae, Ceraphronidae, Diapriidae y Scelionidae (Hymenoptera)." volume="5" year="1957">Ogloblin 1957</bibRefCitation>
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), comb. n., and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar kuscheli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuscheli">Cremnomymar kuscheli</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Ogloblin, AA" journalOrPublisher="Revista Chilena de Entomologia" pageId="14" pageNumber="61" pagination="119 - 138" title="Los insectos de las islas Juan Fernandez 12. Mymaridae (Hymenoptera)." volume="2" year="1952">Ogloblin 1952</bibRefCitation>
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), comb. n.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cremnomymar</taxonomicName>
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sp., macropterous female, dorsal (fore wing flat). Scale line = 1000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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Figure 12.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cremnomymar</taxonomicName>
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sp., slightly brachypterous male, dorsal (forewing slightly convex, hind wing brachypterous). Scale line = 1000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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Figure 13.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cremnomymar</taxonomicName>
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sp., moderately brachypterous male, dorsal (forewing distinctly convex, hind wing micropterous). Scale line = 1000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
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Figure 14.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mymaridae" genus="Cremnomymar" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cremnomymar" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cremnomymar</taxonomicName>
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sp., strongly brachypterous male, dorsal (forewing slightly convex, hind wing absent). Scale line = 1000
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |