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<mods:title id="80DA8DA0CDE2EAAD3B9EC212AC44A59D">Predatory midges of the genus Schizohelea Kieffer, 1917 in Europe and North Africa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="66E15386009B071E202B0FC87A97AA87">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80 - 308 Gdańsk, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C5FF2AC6DCD2B472D72ABA01029205CC">Dominiak, Patrycja</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BA971164C6DB33CAC97CDE87655441D2">TromsØ University Museum, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, NO- 9037 TromsØ, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5EACAEC1B37A646500EC1CF511BC36B7">Rumišek, Mario</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="27008D4AAAA708D34B417FDE86AEDA58">Division of Zoology, Faculty of Science, HR- 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E13DBA0A33B804196E2398F29CB36038">Neinhuis, Christoph</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BC3DB23AD4F1CA59FCBD40A326538EC6">Chair of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FFDD3D6D7E50CB5E41DFEBFD9899D18A">Wanke, Stefan</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4EC7E7D8169A441210C3F4BA6E2B32C8">Chair of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany &amp; Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany &amp; Abteilung Botanik und molekulare Evolutionsforschung, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="467D2F4654A899870CB436A906836005">Rupp, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C846B2EEC02E47D35BE10ED4C295FF3C">Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFF43FD73FDDA30E6" bold="true" box="[151,551,683,710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFF3AFD73FDDA30E6" ID-CoL="7DMC" ID-ENA="381084" authority="Kieffer, 1917" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[238,551,683,710]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFF3AFD73FE8230E5" bold="true" box="[238,383,683,710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Schizohelea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFE53FD73FDDA30E6" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[391,551,683,709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="292 - 364" refId="ref8503" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1917) Chironomides d'Amerique conserves au Musee National Hongrois de Budapest. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 15, 292 - 364." type="journal article" year="1917">Kieffer, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AAC109DFFEADA6FFF43FD28FE293124" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,468,751,776]" page="295" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" year="1917">
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFF43FD28FE293124" ID-CoL="7DMC" authority="Kieffer, 1917: 295" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="295" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,468,751,776]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFF43FD28FEED312B" box="[151,272,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Schizohelea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFEC2FD28FE293124" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[278,468,751,776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="292 - 364" refId="ref8503" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1917) Chironomides d'Amerique conserves au Musee National Hongrois de Budapest. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 15, 292 - 364." type="journal article" year="1917">Kieffer, 1917: 295</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB2368CFFEADA6FFE09FD28FA61312B" blockId="1.[151,1436,751,837]" box="[477,1436,751,776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<typeStatus id="54B6882EFFEADA6FFE09FD28FDF2312B" box="[477,527,752,776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFDB1FD28FC113124" authority="Winnertz, 1852" authorityName="Winnertz" authorityYear="1852" box="[613,1004,751,776]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="copiosus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFDB1FD28FCB73124" box="[613,842,752,775]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Ceratopogon copiosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFC9BFD28FC113124" author="Winnertz, J." box="[847,1004,751,776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref8911" refString="Winnertz, J. (1852) Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Gattung Ceratopogon Meigen. Linnaea Entomologica, 6, 1 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14229" type="journal article" year="1852">Winnertz, 1852</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFBDDFD28FA6C312B" ID-CoL="87VM9" authority="Meigen, 1804" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[1033,1425,752,776]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopeza">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFBDDFD28FB07312B" box="[1033,1274,752,776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Ceratopogon leucopeza</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFAD4FD28FA6C312B" author="Meigen, J. W." box="[1280,1425,752,776]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref8564" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1804) n. k. In: Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten (Diptera Linn.). Erster Band. Abtheilung I &amp; Abtheilung II. Reichard, B Braunschweig, pp. i - xxviii + 1 - 152, pls. 1 - 8 &amp; pp. i - vi + 153 - 314, pls. 9 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1804">Meigen, 1804</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB2368CFFEADA6FFF13FCD6FA893166" blockId="1.[151,1436,751,837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFF13FCD6FE303105" author="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Grogan, W. L. Jr." box="[199,461,782,806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" refId="ref8995" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Grogan, W. L. Jr. (1988) The predaceous midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae; Tribe Ceratopogonini). Flora and Fauna Handbook 4. E. J. Brill, Leiden, New York, Kobenhaven and Koln, xv + 160 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004630208" type="book" year="1988">Wirth &amp; Grogan 1988: 78</bibRefCitation>
(diagnosis, synonymy);
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFD1CFCD6FC2E3105" author="Szadziewski, R. &amp; Grogan, W. L. &amp; Sontag, E. &amp; Bojarski, B." box="[712,979,782,806]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref8825" refString="Szadziewski, R., Grogan, W. L., Sontag, E. &amp; Bojarski, B. (2022) A new genus of predatory midge in the Monohelea complex from Eocene Baltic amber (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insecta Mundi, 0919, 1 - 9." type="book chapter" year="2022">
Szadziewski
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFC99FCD7FC7D3105" box="[845,896,782,806]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">et al.</emphasis>
2022: 7
</bibRefCitation>
(notes on diagnosis, fossil species).
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFF43FCF5FE253166" ID-CoL="C26KX" authority="Mayer, 1937: 303" authorityName="Mayer" authorityPageNumber="303" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,472,813,837]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Kiefferomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFF43FCF5FEE73166" box="[151,282,813,837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Kiefferomyia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFEF5FCF5FE253166" author="Mayer, K." box="[289,472,813,837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="301 - 304" refId="ref8534" refString="Mayer, K. (1937) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der deutschen Ceratopogoniden. (Dipt.) IX. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 98, 301 - 304." type="journal article" year="1937">Mayer, 1937: 303</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54B6882EFFEADA6FFE35FCF5FDEE3166" box="[481,531,813,837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFDBDFCF5FC3E3166" ID-CoL="8CFXD" authority="Mayer, 1937" authorityName="Mayer" authorityYear="1937" box="[617,963,813,837]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Kiefferomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gorana">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFDBDFCF5FCC13166" box="[617,828,813,837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Kiefferomyia gorana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFC96FCF5FC3E3166" author="Mayer, K." box="[834,963,813,837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="301 - 304" refId="ref8534" refString="Mayer, K. (1937) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der deutschen Ceratopogoniden. (Dipt.) IX. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 98, 301 - 304." type="journal article" year="1937">Mayer, 1937</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFC34FCF5FA953166" ID-CoL="87VM9" authority="Meigen, 1804" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1804" box="[992,1384,813,837]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucopeza">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFC34FCF5FB2C3166" box="[992,1233,813,837]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Ceratopogon leucopeza</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFB03FCF5FA953166" author="Meigen, J. W." box="[1239,1384,813,837]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="9 - 15" refId="ref8564" refString="Meigen, J. W. (1804) n. k. In: Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europaischen zweiflugeligen Insekten (Diptera Linn.). Erster Band. Abtheilung I &amp; Abtheilung II. Reichard, B Braunschweig, pp. i - xxviii + 1 - 152, pls. 1 - 8 &amp; pp. i - vi + 153 - 314, pls. 9 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1804">Meigen, 1804</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3176507FFEADA6FFF43FCABFB9D347E" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB2368CFFEADA6FFF43FCABFB9D347E" blockId="1.[151,1437,883,1774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFF43FCABFEF731AE" bold="true" box="[151,266,883,909]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Moderately large midges with black, shiny body (tarsi slightly lighter) and plane, hyaline wings. Frons and vertex separated by fused eyes in both sexes, narrowly in male, broadly in female (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFB0AFC4FFACC3192" box="[1246,1329,919,945]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a, d, f, g) and female (b, c, e, h): a, b—flagellum; c—eyes separation; d, e—maxillary palp; f—anepisternum and anepisternal cleft; g, h—wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 1c</figureCitation>
); eyes in both sexes with more or less distinct microtrichia between ommatidia covering the whole surface or restricted to median part only. Female mandible armed with 9–12 strong retrorse teeth. Flagellum without sensilla coeloconica, all 13 flagellomeres separated (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFDD4FBDBFDA2363E" box="[512,607,1027,1053]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a, d, f, g) and female (b, c, e, h): a, b—flagellum; c—eyes separation; d, e—maxillary palp; f—anepisternum and anepisternal cleft; g, h—wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs. 1b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFDBBFBDBFD67363E" box="[623,666,1027,1053]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Schizohelea described by Remm (modified drawings from Remm 1967, 1980, 1993): S. lampropeza (Remm, 1967) (b, e, f, h), S. pekae (Remm, 1980) (a, c, g), S. armata (Remm, 1993) (d); a—male flagellum; b, c—female maxillary palp; d—legs of male; e—female hind claw; f—spermathecae; g—female genitalia; h—female sternite 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849756/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">11a</figureCitation>
). Female flagellum with distal 5 flagellomeres slightly longer than preceding ones (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFE80FBFFFE5A3662" box="[340,423,1063,1089]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a, d, f, g) and female (b, c, e, h): a, b—flagellum; c—eyes separation; d, e—maxillary palp; f—anepisternum and anepisternal cleft; g, h—wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 1b</figureCitation>
), antennal ratio AR about 1.0. Male flagellum with 3 distal flagellomeres elongated and with well-developed plume (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFE08FB93FDC53646" box="[476,568,1099,1125]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a, d, f, g) and female (b, c, e, h): a, b—flagellum; c—eyes separation; d, e—maxillary palp; f—anepisternum and anepisternal cleft; g, h—wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs. 1a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFD92FB93FD8C3646" box="[582,625,1099,1125]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Schizohelea described by Remm (modified drawings from Remm 1967, 1980, 1993): S. lampropeza (Remm, 1967) (b, e, f, h), S. pekae (Remm, 1980) (a, c, g), S. armata (Remm, 1993) (d); a—male flagellum; b, c—female maxillary palp; d—legs of male; e—female hind claw; f—spermathecae; g—female genitalia; h—female sternite 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849756/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">11a</figureCitation>
). Palpus with 5 segments, palpomere 3 without sensory pit (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFACAFB93FA653646" box="[1310,1432,1099,1125]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a, d, f, g) and female (b, c, e, h): a, b—flagellum; c—eyes separation; d, e—maxillary palp; f—anepisternum and anepisternal cleft; g, h—wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs. 1d–e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFF43FBB7FF2236AA" box="[151,223,1135,1161]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Schizohelea described by Remm (modified drawings from Remm 1967, 1980, 1993): S. lampropeza (Remm, 1967) (b, e, f, h), S. pekae (Remm, 1980) (a, c, g), S. armata (Remm, 1993) (d); a—male flagellum; b, c—female maxillary palp; d—legs of male; e—female hind claw; f—spermathecae; g—female genitalia; h—female sternite 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849756/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">11b–c</figureCitation>
). Paratergite small, anterior anepisternum large, anepisternal cleft narrow (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFBF7FBB7FB8D36AA" box="[1059,1136,1135,1161]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a, d, f, g) and female (b, c, e, h): a, b—flagellum; c—eyes separation; d, e—maxillary palp; f—anepisternum and anepisternal cleft; g, h—wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
). Wing membrane without macrotrichia except for females of
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFDC2FB4BFCC7368E" authority="(Clastrier, 1963)" baseAuthorityName="Clastrier" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[534,826,1171,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFDC2FB4BFD83368E" box="[534,638,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">S. incerta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFD5FFB4BFCCC368E" author="Clastrier, J." box="[651,817,1171,1197]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="41 - 68" refId="ref8252" refString="Clastrier, J. (1963) Notes sur les Ceratopogonides. XVIII. - Especes du genre Stilobezzia Kieffer ou Apparentees de la Region Palearctique. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur d'Algerie, 41, 41 - 68." type="journal article" year="1963">Clastrier, 1963</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFC93FB4BFC6B368E" box="[839,918,1171,1197]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-29@6.[203,1383,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Schizohelea incerta (Clastrier, 1963) (a–d) and S. algeriana Szadziewski, Dominiak, Rumišek et Rupp, sp. nov. (e–h): a—male maxillary palp; b—male wing; c—female wing; d—male thorax and legs; e—male wing; f—female wing; g—female genitalia; h—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849736/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 4c</figureCitation>
), both first radial cells present, vein M
<subScript id="178934C9FFEADA6FFAEEFB7EFABF3697" attach="left" box="[1338,1346,1190,1204]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">2</subScript>
broadly interrupted at base (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFEA7FB6FFE1336F2" box="[371,494,1207,1233]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetId="figure-46@2.[151,1436,227,1936]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a, d, f, g) and female (b, c, e, h): a, b—flagellum; c—eyes separation; d, e—maxillary palp; f—anepisternum and anepisternal cleft; g, h—wing." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849730/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
Figs.
<quantity id="4CF59B69FFEADA6FFE66FB6FFE3636F2" box="[434,459,1207,1233]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
–h
</figureCitation>
). Legs slender to slightly stout, hind femur usually stout, unarmed except for male
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFA53FB6FFE6E36D6" authority="(Remm, 1993)" baseAuthorityName="Remm" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armata">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFA53FB6FFF1536D6" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">S. armata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9C4B7DFFEADA6FFF23FB03FE7636D6" author="Remm, H." box="[247,395,1243,1269]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" pagination="180 - 200" refId="ref8757" refString="Remm, H. (1993) New species of Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) from the CIS [in Russian, Estonian and English summaries]. Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised, Bioloogia, 42, 180 - 200." type="journal article" year="1993">Remm, 1993</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
bearing ventral spines on hind femur (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFC9CFB03FC5536D6" box="[840,936,1243,1269]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Schizohelea described by Remm (modified drawings from Remm 1967, 1980, 1993): S. lampropeza (Remm, 1967) (b, e, f, h), S. pekae (Remm, 1980) (a, c, g), S. armata (Remm, 1993) (d); a—male flagellum; b, c—female maxillary palp; d—legs of male; e—female hind claw; f—spermathecae; g—female genitalia; h—female sternite 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849756/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 11d</figureCitation>
). Tarsomeres 4 subcylindrical to cylindrical. Tarsomere 5 of hind leg with ventral swelling at base in female (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFCA1FB27FC35373A" box="[885,968,1279,1305]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[203,1384,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a) and female (b–h): a—legs; b—foreleg; c—midleg; d—hind leg; e, f—hind tarsomeres 4, 5 and claws; g—genitalia; h—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849732/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 2e</figureCitation>
), without swelling in male. Fore and mid claws of female short, equal, each with basal inner tooth, hind claw of female single with long basal tooth (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFAB0FAFBFF363742" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[203,1384,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a) and female (b–h): a—legs; b—foreleg; c—midleg; d—hind leg; e, f—hind tarsomeres 4, 5 and claws; g—genitalia; h—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849732/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs. 2e–f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFF03FA9FFEFC3742" box="[215,257,1351,1377]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Schizohelea described by Remm (modified drawings from Remm 1967, 1980, 1993): S. lampropeza (Remm, 1967) (b, e, f, h), S. pekae (Remm, 1980) (a, c, g), S. armata (Remm, 1993) (d); a—male flagellum; b, c—female maxillary palp; d—legs of male; e—female hind claw; f—spermathecae; g—female genitalia; h—female sternite 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849756/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">11e</figureCitation>
); claws of all legs in male short. In male genitalia sternite 9 slightly excavated, tergite 9 short, narrowing distally, gonocoxite with strong 2–3 lobed lateroventral expansion or tubercle at base; gonostylus usually slender, Ccurved, shorter to longer than gonocoxite with proportions 0.7–1.3. Parameres rodlike, separate, with apex bearing a pointed projection and usually a hyaline flap. Aedeagus arched, simple or with two submedian apical projections; dentate ventral plate present in
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFE22FA0FFD9C37D2" baseAuthorityName="Clastrier" baseAuthorityYear="1963" box="[502,609,1495,1521]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incerta">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFE22FA0FFD9C37D2" box="[502,609,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">S. incerta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFD43FA0FFB0337D1" authority="Szadziewski, Dominiak, Rumisek et Rupp" authorityName="Szadziewski, Dominiak, Rumisek et Rupp" authorityYear="2024" box="[663,1278,1495,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clastrieri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFD43FA0FFCE737D2" box="[663,794,1495,1521]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">S. clastrieri</emphasis>
Szadziewski, Dominiak, Rumišek et Rupp
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24A57E5FFEADA6FFADDFA00FA9D37D1" box="[1289,1376,1496,1522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFABBFA0FFF4A3435" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[224,1364,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-25@7.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Schizohelea incerta (Clastrier, 1963), male genitalia: a—ventral view; b—lateral view; c—gonocoxal expansions; d, e—parameres; f–h—aedeagus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849738/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 5h</figureCitation>
). Female abdominal sternite 9 separated medially, with forked or single arms (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFBF4FA23FB863436" box="[1056,1147,1531,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,365,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[159,1427,352,1593]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a–c) and female genitalia (d–f): a—male genitalia, ventral view; b— parameres; c—aedeagus; d—spermathecae; e—abdominal sternite 9; f—adominal sternite 8 with internal sclerites underneath." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849734/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs. 3e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFB53FA23FB4E3436" box="[1159,1203,1531,1557]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Schizohelea described by Remm (modified drawings from Remm 1967, 1980, 1993): S. lampropeza (Remm, 1967) (b, e, f, h), S. pekae (Remm, 1980) (a, c, g), S. armata (Remm, 1993) (d); a—male flagellum; b, c—female maxillary palp; d—legs of male; e—female hind claw; f—spermathecae; g—female genitalia; h—female sternite 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849756/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<quantity id="4CF59B69FFEADA6FFB53FA23FB4E3436" box="[1159,1203,1531,1557]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" unit="g" value="11.0">11g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), underneath sternite 8 usually well visible internal sclerites of unknown origin (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFCF7F9C7FC8C341A" box="[803,881,1567,1593]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1617,1641]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,365,1581]" captionTargetId="figure-95@4.[159,1427,352,1593]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a–c) and female genitalia (d–f): a—male genitalia, ventral view; b— parameres; c—aedeagus; d—spermathecae; e—abdominal sternite 9; f—adominal sternite 8 with internal sclerites underneath." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849734" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849734/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
). Two small functional spermathecae with slender necks present, rudimentary spermatheca sometimes well developed (
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFC4CF99BFC0B347E" box="[920,1014,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1384,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-25@3.[203,1384,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Schizohelea leucopeza (Meigen, 1804), male (a) and female (b–h): a—legs; b—foreleg; c—midleg; d—hind leg; e, f—hind tarsomeres 4, 5 and claws; g—genitalia; h—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849732/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Figs. 2h</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFBD5F99BFBDD347E" box="[1025,1056,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-29@6.[203,1383,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Schizohelea incerta (Clastrier, 1963) (a–d) and S. algeriana Szadziewski, Dominiak, Rumišek et Rupp, sp. nov. (e–h): a—male maxillary palp; b—male wing; c—female wing; d—male thorax and legs; e—male wing; f—female wing; g—female genitalia; h—spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849736" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849736/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">4h</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13362A09FFEADA6FFBFFF99BFBAE347E" box="[1067,1107,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[192,1397,194,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-29@16.[179,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Schizohelea described by Remm (modified drawings from Remm 1967, 1980, 1993): S. lampropeza (Remm, 1967) (b, e, f, h), S. pekae (Remm, 1980) (a, c, g), S. armata (Remm, 1993) (d); a—male flagellum; b, c—female maxillary palp; d—legs of male; e—female hind claw; f—spermathecae; g—female genitalia; h—female sternite 9." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13849756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13849756/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">11f</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3176507FFEADA6FFF13F9BFFAC534CE" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BB2368CFFEADA6FFF13F9BFFAC534CE" blockId="1.[151,1437,883,1774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFF13F9BFFEB534A2" bold="true" box="[199,328,1639,1665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Comments</emphasis>
. Females of the genus are morphologically very similar to each other and cannot be identified with certainty. For example, the shape of single arms of female sternite 9 can vary between specimens. Despite their mandibles being armed with strong teeth,
<taxonomicName id="4C0D4D0FFFEADA6FFDA5F977FD0A34EA" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[625,759,1711,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B979EA9EFFEADA6FFDA5F977FD0A34EA" box="[625,759,1711,1737]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="170">Schizohelea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females have never been observed preying on other insects. It is possible that they are facultative predators and feed mostly on flowers (see comments under species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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