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<mods:title id="CBEEFE8157EDB97FB3525054AF969EAD">A new species of fossil Phrynus Lamarck, 1801, from Dominican Republic amber (Amblypygi: Phrynidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4F7E55A797E26E9073AA2CC8536899CD">Bartel, Christian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A007DE50E074DB2E3826E92776C116F6">Natural History Museum Bamberg, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Fleischstrasse 2, 96047 Bamberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="DA2C4500FFED4325E1C9FE2CFDBF6F84" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596972" ID-GBIF-Taxon="251122250" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14596972" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA2C4500FFED4325E1C9FE2CFDBF6F84" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA2C4500FFED4325E1C9FE2CFDBF6F84" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" scope_family="Phrynidae" scope_order="Amblypygi">
<subSubSection id="1A9FA79DFFED4325E1C9FE2CFE406D1C" box="[151,478,1302,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="523AF416FFED4325E1C9FE2CFE406D1C" blockId="4.[151,478,1302,1329]" box="[151,478,1302,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">
<heading id="0972437AFFED4325E1C9FE2CFE406D1C" bold="true" box="[151,478,1302,1329]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" reason="1">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E1C9FE2CFE406D1C" bold="true" box="[151,478,1302,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E1C9FE2CFEC36D1C" authorityName="Dunlop &amp; Bartel" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,349,1302,1329]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poinari" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E1C9FE2CFEC36D1C" bold="true" box="[151,349,1302,1329]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Phrynus poinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BC2957FFFED4325E03BFE2DFE406D1C" box="[357,478,1303,1329]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="1A9FA79DFFED4325E1C9FE61FC2D6D9D" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="523AF416FFED4325E1C9FE61FEF66DBF" blockId="4.[151,1436,1371,1457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E1C9FE61FECF6D5E" authorityName="Poinar &amp; Brown" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,337,1371,1395]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E1C9FE61FECF6D5E" box="[151,337,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Phrynus mexicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E000FE66FEE46D5E" box="[350,378,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">sic</emphasis>
]
<treatmentCitation id="D324D207FFED4325E0D9FE61FD776D5E" author="Poinar Jr., G. O. &amp; Brown, A. E." box="[391,745,1371,1395]" page="1882" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="361489E7FFED4325E0D9FE61FD776D5E" author="Poinar Jr., G. O. &amp; Brown, A. E." box="[391,745,1371,1395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" pagination="1881 - 1885" refId="ref7090" refString="Poinar Jr., G. O. &amp; Brown, A. E. (2004) A new whip spider (Arachnida: Amblypygi), Phrynus mexicana, is described from Mexican amber. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 3, 1881 - 1885." type="journal article" year="2004">Poinar &amp; Brown, 2004: 18821883</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 19, photo 696 (junior primary homonym of
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E586FE61FEC26DBF" authority="Bilimek, 1867" authorityName="Bilimek" authorityYear="1867" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E586FE61FA026D5E" box="[1240,1436,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Phrynus mexicanus</emphasis>
Bilimek, 1867
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="523AF416FFED4325E1C9FEA2FC2D6D9D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1371,1457]" box="[151,947,1432,1457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E1C9FEA2FEC36D9D" authorityName="Bilimek" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,349,1432,1456]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E1C9FEA2FEC36D9D" box="[151,349,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Phrynus mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: Dunlop et al. 2015: 201203; Opinion 2453 2020: 6162.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A9FA79DFFED4325E1C9FEE5FBB46E30" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="523AF416FFED4325E1C9FEE5FBB46E30" blockId="4.[151,1437,1503,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E1C9FEE5FE806DD4" bold="true" box="[151,286,1503,1529]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species-group name is proposed in honour of Prof. George O. Poinar jr. for his extensive contributions towards the study of amber inclusions; especially in the Neotropics.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A9FA79DFFED4325E199FD1DFCF56E48" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="523AF416FFED4325E199FD1DFCF56E48" blockId="4.[151,1437,1503,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E199FD1DFED06E6D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1574,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Type series</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="E2EDFE4BFFED4325E003FD1DFCF56E48" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="5000541302" country="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiapas" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="8D3E4AB4FFED4325E003FD1DFE5B6E6C" box="[349,453,1575,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
in the Poinar amber collection (Accession no. A-10-264), maintained at Oregon State University, USA.
<collectingRegion id="90413AF4FFED4325E03EFD71FE246E48" box="[352,442,1611,1637]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
amber,
<collectingCountry id="2A92B486FFED4325E34AFD71FDF36E48" box="[532,621,1611,1637]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
<geologicalTimeScale id="20A574BDFFED4325E329FD71FCF86E48" box="[631,870,1611,1637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Miocene: Aquitanian</geologicalTimeScale>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1A9FA79DFFED4325E199FD55FDBF6F84" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="523AF416FFED4325E199FD55FDBF6F84" blockId="4.[151,1437,1503,1961]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E199FD55FEA56EA4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1647,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Remarks.</emphasis>
This second amber
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E340FD55FD4D6EA4" box="[542,723,1647,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E340FD55FDE56EA4" box="[542,635,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Phrynus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
was initially named
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E2E0FD55FA066EA4" authority="Poinar &amp; Brown, 2004" authorityName="Poinar &amp; Brown" authorityYear="2004" box="[958,1432,1647,1673]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicana">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E2E0FD55FB106EA5" box="[958,1166,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Phrynus mexicana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="361489E7FFED4325E5CBFD55FA066EA4" author="Poinar Jr., G. O. &amp; Brown, A. E." box="[1173,1432,1647,1673]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" pagination="1881 - 1885" refId="ref7090" refString="Poinar Jr., G. O. &amp; Brown, A. E. (2004) A new whip spider (Arachnida: Amblypygi), Phrynus mexicana, is described from Mexican amber. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 3, 1881 - 1885." type="journal article" year="2004">Poinar &amp; Brown, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and comes from the probably slightly older (
<bibRefCitation id="361489E7FFED4325E3DFFDA9FCF26E80" author="Riquelme, F. &amp; Ortega-Flores, B. &amp; Estrada-Ruiz, E. &amp; Cordova-Tabares, V." box="[641,876,1683,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" refId="ref7212" refString="Riquelme, F., Ortega-Flores, B. Estrada-Ruiz, E. &amp; Cordova-Tabares, V. (2024) Zircon U - Pb Ages of the Chiapas Amber- Lagerstatte (Mexico: Chiapas: Simojovel). SSRN. http: // doi. org / 10.2139 / ssrn. 4778409" type="book" year="2024">
Riquelme
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E3A8FDA9FCB36E80" box="[758,813,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
)
<collectingRegion id="90413AF4FFED4325E224FDA9FC4A6E80" box="[890,980,1683,1709]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
amber of
<collectingCountry id="2A92B486FFED4325E51CFDA9FB056E80" box="[1090,1179,1683,1709]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.As noted by Dunlop et al. (2015), it should have been named
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E31BFD8DFD5A6EFD" authorityName="Bilimek" authorityYear="1867" box="[581,708,1719,1745]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E310FD8DFD5A6EFD" box="[590,708,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">mexicanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which renders it a junior primary homonym of a Recent species
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E1C9FDE1FF6A6ED8" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,244,1755,1781]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E1C9FDE1FF6A6ED8" box="[151,244,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Phrynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(now
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E01DFDE1FE4B6ED8" authorityName="Moreno" authorityYear="1940" box="[323,469,1755,1781]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Paraphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E01DFDE1FE4B6ED8" box="[323,469,1755,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Paraphrynus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E0B7FDE1FC8E6ED8" authority="Bilimek, 1867" authorityName="Bilimek" authorityYear="1867" box="[489,784,1755,1781]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E0B7FDE1FDC16ED9" box="[489,607,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">mexicanus</emphasis>
Bilimek, 1867
</taxonomicName>
. An appeal by Dunlop et al. (2015) to the
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E456FDE1FDEC6F34" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature</emphasis>
to conserve
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E256FDC5FB5C6F34" authority="Poinar &amp; Brown, 2004" authorityName="Poinar &amp; Brown" authorityYear="2004" box="[776,1218,1791,1817]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mexicanus">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E256FDC5FC306F35" box="[776,942,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Ph. mexicanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="361489E7FFED4325E2E6FDC5FB5C6F34" author="Poinar Jr., G. O. &amp; Brown, A. E." box="[952,1218,1791,1817]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" pagination="1881 - 1885" refId="ref7090" refString="Poinar Jr., G. O. &amp; Brown, A. E. (2004) A new whip spider (Arachnida: Amblypygi), Phrynus mexicana, is described from Mexican amber. Beitrage zur Araneologie, 3, 1881 - 1885." type="journal article" year="2004">Poinar &amp; Brown, 2004</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, on the grounds of Bilimeks species having been transferred to another genus was unsuccessful (Opinion 2453). The commissions ruling suggested that the simplest solution would be a replacement name for the amber fossil. In this context, we take the opportunity to rename the
<collectingRegion id="90413AF4FFED4325E345FC51FDEB6FA8" box="[539,629,1899,1925]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
whip spider
<taxonomicName id="95858F95FFED4325E25BFC51FC256FA9" authorityName="Dunlop &amp; Bartel" authorityYear="2025" box="[773,955,1899,1925]" class="Arachnida" family="Phrynidae" genus="Phrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amblypygi" pageId="4" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="poinari" status="nom. nov.">
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E25BFC51FC256FA9" box="[773,955,1899,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">Phrynus poinari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="60F12804FFED4325E29FFC51FBAB6FA8" bold="true" box="[961,1077,1899,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BC2957FFFED4325E29FFC51FBAB6FA8" box="[961,1077,1899,1925]" pageId="4" pageNumber="68">nom. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in recognition of George Poinar who initially described the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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