treatments-xml/data/02/88/DC/0288DCCB7D99527EBCF71844D3581D44.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ee3d6b44-c12e-4704-84be-b00cccd52284" ID-PMC="PMC7593330" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-164-33" ID-Pensoft-UUID="B31159A344E8530EB340A655EDC68A10" ID-PubMed="33173403" ModsDocID="1314-2003-164-33" checkinTime="1603326261243" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Chiarini, Franco, Cantero, Juan J. &amp; Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2020" docId="0288DCCB7D99527EBCF71844D3581D44" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 164: 33-66" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 164" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504" docTitle="Solanum hunzikeri Chiarini &amp; Cantero 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="B31159A344E8530EB340A655EDC68A10" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="B31159A344E8530EB340A655EDC68A10" masterDocTitle="The Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Argentina: nomenclatural changes, three new species and an updated key to all taxa" masterLastPageNumber="66" masterPageNumber="33" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1668140088983" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The Morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Argentina: nomenclatural changes, three new species and an updated key to all taxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chiarini, Franco</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo Botanico, IMBIV (Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal), Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cantero, Juan J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo Botanico, IMBIV (Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal), Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina &amp; Departamento de Biologia Agricola, Facultad de Agronomia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36, km 601, 5804, Rio Cuarto, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo Botanico, IMBIV (Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal), Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Casilla de Correo 495, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>164</mods:number>
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<mods:start>33</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-164-33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">B31159A344E8530EB340A655EDC68A10</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168507647" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0288DCCB7D99527EBCF71844D3581D44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0288DCCB7D99527EBCF71844D3581D44" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName LSID="0288DCCB-7D99-527E-BCF7-1844D3581D44" authority="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityName="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hunzikeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hunzikeri" status="sp. nov.">Solanum hunzikeri Chiarini &amp; Cantero</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="33">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Solanum hunzikeri Chiarini &amp; Cantero (A-C) compared to S. tweedieanum Hook. (D-F) and S. physalidicalyx Bitter (G-I) A habit (Barboza et al. 4763) B calyx morphology of developing fruits (Barboza et al. 4763) C leaf from mature stem (Barboza et al. 4763) D habit (Barboza et al. 3496) E calyx morphology of developing fruits (Barboza et al. 4798) F leaf from mature stem (Barboza et al. 4798) G habit (Barboza et al. 3983) H calyx morphology of developing fruits (Barboza et al. 3983) I leaf from mature stem (Barboza et al. 3983). Photos A-C, E, F by M. Gritti, D by S. Knapp, G-I by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/465500" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figs 1A-C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Solanum hunzikeri Chiarini &amp; Cantero A flowering stem B inflorescence C flower D open flower E immature fruit showing the accrescent calyx not completely covering the berry F flower showing pubescent adaxial surface of the filaments G calyx H style with pubescence confined to the portion inside the anther cone I adaxial surface of the anther showing the pores elongating with age J abaxial surface of the anther K seed L stone cell (sclereid)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/465501" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">, 2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Like 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum tweedieanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum tweedieanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hook. but differing in sessile leaves with broadly winged petioles, pedicels in flower longer than 1 cm, larger flowers and anthers more than 1 mm wide.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/465501" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hunzikeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chiarini &amp; Cantero 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
flowering stem 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">B</emphasis>
inflorescence 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">D</emphasis>
open flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">E</emphasis>
immature fruit showing the accrescent calyx not completely covering the berry 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">F</emphasis>
flower showing pubescent adaxial surface of the filaments 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">G</emphasis>
calyx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
style with pubescence confined to the portion inside the anther cone 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">I</emphasis>
adaxial surface of the anther showing the pores elongating with age 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">J</emphasis>
abaxial surface of the anther 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">K</emphasis>
seed 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">L</emphasis>
stone cell (sclereid).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Argentina. Catamarca: Dtto. Ambato, Los Morteritos, Sierra de Ambato, falda E, subiendo desde El Rodeo hacia el Cerro Manchado [Cerro Manchao], 2300-2400 m, 13 Jan 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">A.T. Hunziker &amp; R. Subils 22205</emphasis>
(holotype: CORD [CORD00013086]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Herb or subshrub from a woody base ca. 50 cm tall; stems terete or only slightly angled, densely glandular pubescent with glandular papillae and transparent spreading simple 3-8-celled uniseriate trichomes 0.5-1 mm long, some to 1.5 mm long; bark of older stems pale brown, glabrescent; new growth densely glandular pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes to 1 mm long. Sympodial units plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple to shallowly toothed, (2-)4.5-14 cm long, (1.1-)2-7 cm wide, elliptic in outline, membranous or somewhat thick and fleshy, concolorous; adaxial surface moderately and evenly glandular pubescent with transparent spreading, simple uniseriate trichomes ca. 0.5 mm long on the lamina, ca. 1 mm long on the veins; abaxial surface moderately and evenly glandular pubescent like the adaxial surface, but the trichomes denser and longer, to 1.5 mm long; principal veins 4-7 pairs, densely glandular pubescent; base attenuate and strongly decurrent onto the petiole; margins entire or shallowly toothed, the teeth if present 1-2 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, broadly deltate with somewhat rounded tips; apex acute; petioles absent and the leaves sessile or 0-0.1 mm long, the decurrent leaf bases running onto the stem, glandular pubescent like the stems and leaves. Inflorescences 2.5-4 cm long, opposite the leaves, unbranched but occasionally forked (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
1421
</emphasis>
), with 10-20 flowers, densely glandular pubescent with transparent spreading simple uniseriate trichomes to 1.5 mm long; peduncle 1.2-2.5 cm long; pedicels 1.3-1.5 cm long, 0.5-0.7 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading at anthesis, densely glandular pubescent, articulated at the base; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 1-2 mm apart. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla ca. halfway exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, perfect. Calyx tube 2-3 mm long, conical, the lobes 2.5-4 mm long, long-triangular, densely glandular pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes like the pedicels and rest of the inflorescence, the tips acuminate and somewhat recurved at anthesis. Corolla 1.6-2.5 cm in diameter, pale lilac to violet with a yellow-green central star, stellate, lobed ca. 1/2 way to the base, the lobes 5-5.5 mm long, 4-5.5 mm wide, deltate, reflexed or spreading at anthesis, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely glandular papillate especially on the midvein, tips and margins; stamens equal; filament tube 0.35-0.5 mm; free portion of the filaments 1-1.5 mm, almost glabrous, but with a few tangled transparent eglandular simple uniseriate trichomes adaxially; anthers 4-5.5 mm long, 1.25-1.6 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age. Ovary conical, glabrous; style 7-8 mm long, densely papillate with a few longer simple trichomes in the lower third; stigma large capitate to slightly bilobed, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 1-1.2 cm in diameter, green (?) at maturity, opaque, the surface of the pericarp glabrous, thin, matte; fruiting pedicels 1.5-2 cm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 2 mm in diameter at the apex, somewhat woody, deflexed from the weight of the berry, glandular pubescent to somewhat glabrescent; fruiting calyx accrescent in young fruit tightly investing the berry, the tube 3-5 mm long, later tearing and the berry exposed, the lobes 3-5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide, appressed to spreading. Seeds ca. 40 per berry, 1.5-2 mm long, 1-1.7 mm wide, flattened teardrop shaped with an apical hilum, reddish brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, testal morphology not clearly seen. Stone cells 10-11 per berry, 1-1.3 mm in diameter, globose, scattered throughout the berry. Chromosome number not known (but see comments on DNA content below).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
(Figure 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Solanum hunzikeri Chiarini &amp; Cantero." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/465502" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">3</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hunzikeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in Argentina in the provinces of Catamarca and adjacent Salta and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
and extends north to Bolivia in the departments of Tarija and Chuquisaca. The distribution is somewhat disjunct possibly due to loss of the wet high elevation foggy grassland habitat in the intervening areas.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.164.54504.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/465502" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hunzikeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chiarini &amp; Cantero.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hunzikeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is confined to wet cloud forests and foggy grasslands above 1800 m elevation; it also grows in the ecotones between these vegetation types. These foggy grasslands are dominated by tall grasses (e.g., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hack" authorityYear="1903" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca hieronymi" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hieronymi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Festuca hieronymi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hack., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Griseb" authorityYear="1874" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Cinnagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cinnagrostis polygama" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polygama">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Cinnagrostis polygama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Griseb., 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Elionurus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elionurus muticus" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Elionurus muticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Spreng.) Kuntze [
<taxonomicName family="Poaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
]) and shrubs (e.g., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanilles" authorityYear="1797" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Stevia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stevia" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Stevia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. [
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cavanilles" authorityYear="1797" family="Asteraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
]). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hunzikeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be locally frequent on open grassy terraces with scattered palms, in narrow valleys with the lower slopes covered in seasonally moist forest dominated by 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" baseAuthorityName="Mart." class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Parajubaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Parajubaea torallyi" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torallyi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Parajubaea torallyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(C.Mart.) Burret (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" family="Arecaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
) and with abundant 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podocarpus" order="Pinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<taxonomicName family="Podocarpaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="family">Podocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
) and can be found on steep, stony slopes in undisturbed grassland areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
This species is named in honour of the late Ing. Armando T. Hunziker of IMBIV in 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
, whose life work on the 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="family">Solanaceae</taxonomicName>
inspired a generation of solanologists, in both Argentina and globally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
(
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B9" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
. AOO (80 km2 - EN); EOO (97,627 km2 - LC). Although the large extent of occurrence would suggest 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hunzikeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not of conservation concern, the limited number of localities, the specialised habitat and the disjunct distribution suggest the species should be considered at risk. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hunzikeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in a very restricted habitat in which there are few officially protected areas. In these landscapes the main threat to the ecosystem is over-grazing; the introduction of alien forage species such as 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pennisetum clandestinum" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="clandestinum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Pennisetum clandestinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hochst. ex Chiov. (
<taxonomicName family="Poaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) has severely altered the nature of the high elevation foggy grasslands and forest edges in which 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hunzikeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs. Although some populations are found in currently protected areas such as the Parque Nacional Aconquija, these areas are considered too small and isolated to provide long term conservation (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3_5" author="Brown, AD" editor="Hamilton, LS" journalOrPublisher="Ecological Studies (Analysis and Synthesis), vol 110. Springer, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="107 - 115" refId="B5" refString="Brown, AD, 1995. Ecology and conservation of the Argentine montane forest. In: Hamilton, LS, Juvik, JO, Scatena, FN, Eds., Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Ecological Studies (Analysis and Synthesis), vol 110. Springer, New York: 107 - 115, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3_5" title="Ecology and conservation of the Argentine montane forest." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2500-3_5" volumeTitle="Tropical Montane Cloud Forests." year="1995">Brown 1995</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the area of occupancy, the number of localities (ca. 8) in a disjunct distribution and threats to the habitat, we assign a preliminary threat status of Vulnerable (VU B2a,biii) for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hunzikeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The exploration of these relatively inaccessible habitats in the area between the currently known populations of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hunzikeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a priority.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hunzikeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been recognized as distinct from other glandular-pubescent species in Argentina in the early 20th century by the German botanist Georg Bitter as &quot;Solanum catamarcae&quot;, a name already occupied in 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. catamarcae" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="catamarcae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. catamarcae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Bitter ex 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brücher">Bruecher</normalizedToken>
, a synonym of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. boliviense" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="boliviense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. boliviense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dunal, see 
<bibRefCitation author="Spooner, DM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="1 - 305" refId="B19" refString="Spooner, DM, Jansky, S, Rodriguez, F, Simon, R, Ames, M, Fajardo, D, Castillo, RO, 2019. Taxonomy of wild potatoes in northern South America (Solanum section Petota). Systematic Botany Monographs 108: 1 - 305" title="Taxonomy of wild potatoes in northern South America (Solanum section Petota)." volume="108" year="2019">Spooner et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation author="Morton, CV" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" refId="B12" refString="Morton, CV, 1976. A Revision of the Argentine Species of Solanum. Academia Nacional de Ciencias. Cordoba, 260 pp." title="A Revision of the Argentine Species of Solanum. Academia Nacional de Ciencias. Cordoba, 260 pp." year="1976">Morton (1976)</bibRefCitation>
in his treatment of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for Argentina, cited 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 2259</emphasis>
as part of his concept of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. atriplicifolium" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="atriplicifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. atriplicifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and stated &quot;This last appears to be a local form that has the petioles broadly winged nearly throughout instead of at the apex only. According to determinations by Dr. Sleumer this plant was given the unpublished name of &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="catamarcae" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="catamarcae">catamarcae</taxonomicName>
&quot; by Bitter.&quot; Morton annotated the sheet of 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 2259</emphasis>
in US as &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum atriplicifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="atriplicifolium">Solanum atriplicifolium</taxonomicName>
var. sleumeri Morton HOLOTYPE&quot; in 1971 but did not publish the infraspecific epithet; he also annotated 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 2311</emphasis>
(US) as a paratype of the same.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
The species is now known from a wider distribution, and additional specimens have clarified its differences from the widespread and highly variable 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tweedieanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Chiarini &amp; Cantero" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hunzikeri" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Solanum hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tweedieanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations in similar high elevation areas in its strongly attenuate and winged leaf bases, those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tweedieanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more truncate. The single collection we have seen of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hunzikeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with mature fruit (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
1421
</emphasis>
from Salta) has the calyx not covering any part of the mature berry; berries of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tweedieanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are tightly covered by the accrescent calyx for at least 50% of their length. More collections of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hunzikeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in fruit are needed to assess these differences. Preliminary data on DNA content for 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hunzikeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tweedieanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(F. Chiarini unpubl.) show differences but suggest that, like 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. tweedieanum" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="tweedieanum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. tweedieanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" pagination="261 - 297" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23222568" refId="B13" refString="Moscone, EA, 1992. Estudios en cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina. Darwiniana 31: 261 - 297, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23222568" title="Estudios en cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23222568" volume="31" year="1992">Moscone 1992</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. hunzikeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="hunzikeri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">S. hunzikeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diploid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Additional specimens examined</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">(paratypes)</emphasis>
. Argentina. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Catamarca</emphasis>
: Dtto. Ambato, camino desde El Rodeo rumbo al Cerro el Manchado [Manchao], Falda El Morro, 2593 m, 24 Feb 2016, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Barboza et al. 4703</emphasis>
(CORD); Dtto. Ambato, Sierra de Ambato (falda E), subiendo desde El Rodeo hacia el Cerro Manchado [Manchao], 2300 m, 23 Feb 1967, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Hunziker 19073</emphasis>
(CORD, US); Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pomán">Poman</normalizedToken>
, Rumbo al Cerro Manchado [Manchao], Sierra de Ambato, falda E, subiendo El Rincon hacia Las Casitas, rumbo al Cerro Manchado [=Cerro del Manchao], 2300-2500 m, 18 Feb 1970, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Hunziker &amp; Ariza 20319</emphasis>
(CORD); Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pomán">Poman</normalizedToken>
, Rumbo al Cerro Manchado, Sierra de Ambato, falda E, subiendo El Rincon hacia Las Casitas, rumbo al Cerro Manchado [= Cerro del Manchao], 2300-2500 m, 18 Feb 1970, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Hunziker &amp; Ariza 20329</emphasis>
(CORD); Dtto. Ambato, Los Morteritos, Sierra de Ambato, falda E, subiendo desde El Rodeo hacia el Cerro Manchado [Manchao], Los Morteritos, 2300-2400 m, 13 Jan 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Hunziker &amp; Subils 22205</emphasis>
(CORD); Dtto. Ambato, Los Morteritos, Sierra del Ambato, falda E, subiendo desde El Rodeo hacia el Cerro Manchado [Manchao], 2300-2400 m, 13 Jan 1973, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Hunziker &amp; Subils 22206</emphasis>
(CORD); Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Potrero, 2600 m, 13 Feb 1942, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Rohmeder s.n.</emphasis>
(LIL); Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Lampacillo-Río">Lampacillo-Rio</normalizedToken>
Potrero, Entre 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Lampacillo y 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Potrero, 2700-2900 m, 26 Feb 1951, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 1834</emphasis>
(LIL, US); Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
, Mesada La Primera, Mesada La Primera, Las Estancias, 1900 m, 11 Feb 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 2132</emphasis>
(LIL); Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
, Los 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Queñoales">Quenoales</normalizedToken>
, arriba de la Mesada de Las Rosas, 2300-2400 m, 15 Jan 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 2259</emphasis>
(G, LIL, US); Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
, Cuesta de la Negrilla, cerca de la Mina de Capillas, 3000-3100 m, 2 Mar 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 2690</emphasis>
(CORD, G, US); Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
, Cuesta de la Negrilla cerca de la Mina de Capillitas, 3100 m, 2 Mar 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 2691</emphasis>
(CORD, G, US, W); Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
, Mina de las Capillitas, cerca de los edificios, 2350 m, 2 Jan 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 2692</emphasis>
(US, W). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Salta</emphasis>
: Dtto. Cafayate, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peñas">Penas</normalizedToken>
Blancas, Cerros de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cajón">Cajon</normalizedToken>
[Sierras de Quilmes], 4040 m, 30 Mar 1914, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
1421
</emphasis>
(BR, CORD, SI). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Dtto. Alberdi, Escaba, 2300 m, 27 Dec 1913, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Monetti 1838</emphasis>
(LIL); Dtto. Alberdi, Estancia Yunka Suma, Valle del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Las Chacras [as Catamarca, Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
on labels], 1800 m, 23 Feb 1951, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 1610</emphasis>
(LIL); Dtto. Alberdi, Cumbres de Suncho, Quebraditas del Portezuelo Sta. Anna [as Catamarca, Dtto. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Andalgalá">Andalgala</normalizedToken>
on labels], 2150 m, 8 Feb 1952, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Sleumer 2311</emphasis>
(LIL, US).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Bolivia. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Chuquisaca</emphasis>
: prov. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zudañez">Zudanez</normalizedToken>
, a 82 km de Sucre, entre Tarabuco y 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sudanéz">Sudanez</normalizedToken>
, paraje Lambayo, 2756 m, 25 Feb 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Cocucci et al. 3357</emphasis>
(CORD); prov. Azurday, Tarvita, ca. 3 km S of summit on road from Tarvita to Azurduy, 2800 m, 4 Dec 1999, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Wood et al. 15303</emphasis>
(K); prov. Tomina, ca. 1 km W of summit of pass between Villa Tomina and Villa Serrano, 2700 m, 17 Mar 2002, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Wood 17868</emphasis>
(K); prov. Azurduy. Bajando de la cumbre hacia Duraznal en el camino de Azurduy, 2459 m, 11 Dec 2004, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Wood &amp; Huaylla 21130</emphasis>
(K); prov. Tomina, entre Villa Serrano y Tomina, en la cumbre, 2580 m, 4 Mar 2006, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Wood et al. 22394</emphasis>
(K); prov. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Zudañez">Zudanez</normalizedToken>
, AMNI El Palmar, AMNI El Palmar, along trail from Torotoro to El Palmar crossing 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Mission Waypu., 2800 m, 2 Feb 2007, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Wood et al. 22612</emphasis>
(K). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Tarija</emphasis>
: Sama, between Tarija and 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Villazón">Villazon</normalizedToken>
, 3546 m, 27 Feb 1939, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Balls 6111</emphasis>
(E, K, US); de Tarija a 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Narváez">Narvaez</normalizedToken>
, 2000-2500 m, 19 Mar 1982, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Kiesling et al. 3734</emphasis>
(SI); de Tarija a Iscayachi, 2000-3000 m, 20 Mar 1982, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Kiesling et al. 3845</emphasis>
(SI); Mun. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Connor">O'Connor</normalizedToken>
, at the top of the first pass W of Entre 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
on road to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Narváez">Narvaez</normalizedToken>
and Tarija, 1800 m, 21 Jan 2001, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Wood &amp; Goyder 16901</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="33" type="cultivated">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Cultivated.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
Argentina. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: IMBIV, Universidad Nacional de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
[plant grown from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Barboza et al. 4703</emphasis>
], 450 m, 15 Feb 2017, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="33">Barboza 4763</emphasis>
(CORD).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>