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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-PMC="PMC9633978" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-PubMed="36479134" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. &amp; Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="C4F5DACA63E1D0A45EDBBB05134F30B1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Culicia excavata" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732486004380" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="FE635894E1F356F6DC188C1C0CCAB4AF">Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0111D78190D675778FB17E18D24D88C8">Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="29088CF992235EADF96193687AC30B49">Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FFF4451758ADDCB3ABCA23647168A92E">Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="427D5FE2C954A8C47E679C6746A76154">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil &amp; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="076E2B32AF7A86585EF3C00EE1D2A86E">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F3D817D189C2C71A126C6203E34FCE40">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3BC34CD733C4C2BA2C8B8F5154079ED0">Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="05287081C0C40834CB6B22DA28E13AD4">South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa &amp; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BFA6407C3C928918B7796372E42E0031">Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="485D50D8A8F8EACE65C730CC5CFF69BA">Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="C4F5DACA63E1D0A45EDBBB05134F30B1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4F5DACA63E1D0A45EDBBB05134F30B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4F5DACA63E1D0A45EDBBB05134F30B1" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Rhizangiidae" scope_order="Scleractinia" scope_phylum="Cnidaria">
<subSubSection id="718A64873FFD9AA85840C7C60E7D247A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="0DFF319C459A379453EC53DC9340B268" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="C0C80D4EC6D1B766F789FCBC9FF06C3E" ID-CoL="32C3V" authority="(Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Rhizangiidae" genus="Culicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Culicia excavata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="excavata">Culicia excavata (Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime, 1849)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC7272AD64EC3554B0321B8AAFF2DFCA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="2CCFF69E90D35EBD61320A8C42F51EEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="DFBDFAB7CB9A016D75C6105381D7BECA" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. A, B. Letepsammia formosissima (SAM _ H 1429, off Kidds Beach, 79 m) A calicular view B basal view C, D Letepsammia franki (SAMC _ A 090070, off Durban, 95 m) C calicular view D basal view E, F Rhombopsammia niphada (SAM _ H 1390, off Port Alfred, 90 m) E calicular view F basal view G, H Stephanophyllia fungulus (SAMC _ A 073106, Cape Vidal, 140 m) G calicular view H basal view I Madrepora oculata (SAM _ H 3038, off St Lucia, 825 m) full view J, L Culicia sp. cf. Culicia australiensis (SAMC _ A 073032, off Shaka's Rock, 50 m) J calicular view K full view L septa details M, N Culicia excavata. M (UCTES _ DBN 85 H, off Ispongo, depth unknown): full view N (BMNH 1840.09.30.19, Cape of Good Hope, depth unknown): Calicular view O, P Stenocyathus vermiformis (SAM _ H 3213, off Cintsa, 630 m) O calicular view P lateral view Scale bars: 10 mm (A-H, J-N); 100 mm (I); 2 mm (O, P)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604117" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 14M, N</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EEFADB8AB447147F7DAF1E981BA4EB75" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="618A4FFB66A08C17E096A37211D66C62" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="6FE950E2C7FC14FDC9FA4E4536098343" authorityName="Milne Edwards &amp; Haime" authorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Rhizangiidae" genus="Angia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Angia excavata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="excavata">Angia excavata</taxonomicName>
Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime, 1849: 177.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FD6E012A3217031E1891A319D2413E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="391FC660D9631FA6597B71716009A912" authorityName="Dana" authorityYear="1846" class="Anthozoa" family="Rhizangiidae" genus="Culicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Culicia tenella" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenella">Culicia tenella</taxonomicName>
. -
<bibRefCitation id="CA68703AF88DBE3B1D8344FF35F5D242" author="Boshoff, P" journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B21" refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45" title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban." volume="49" year="1981">Boshoff 1981</bibRefCitation>
: 25.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F1FFEC21357D6D0A969CAF0A45601A47" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="A8E801A2E61A3DEC9AD93E4E44452C72" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DE584C3B682B3789DEEBC29E8FDDD3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cape of Good Hope, South Africa.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="87BE977856A3CE94768446AF29961329" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph id="677A84588F8E4474A388BD23275E9FF4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="69CCBB9D09DE268E5C96241464E933E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The holotype is deposited at the BMNH.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="69CE0136F2E6F773194F08F5470AD45C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="649D3EC8DDB6C5E11CC45543C460812E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E28718E514480D7E5B45317E3260FE1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77C35ADB0C59CB10C23290A1520B0894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="imagery data">
<paragraph id="03F088DADAB1682C82A5BCC919B99BC8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Imagery data.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="44D56C504EFCE0928118C63F3C9D475E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">BMNH 1840.09.30. 19 (Type: 1 colony): Cape of Good Hope. UCTES_DBN 85 H (1 colony): Eastern margin, off Isipingo, depth unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A6183AC6D95CC9D37550061B1BF90786" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="F4F40B9A7A5AB3E9973DFE29A1197F3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C40BAD57C4F4AFD0EE92BFC97A97EFF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corallum colonial, reptoid, with short, cylindrical, and small individual corallites connected by stolons. Calice circular. Calicular margin smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D8F28F9369D5A7627C42ABFC5A76CBE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S1-2 ≥ S3 (24 septa). S1-2 equal in size, convex, and extend to an under-developed columella (if present) with slightly dentated axial margins. S3 rudimentary and curved towards S2 with dentate axial margins. Septa loosely packed. Pali absent. Columella rudimentary or absent. Fossa shallow.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F217628AD9FC97F57E35CECB1E1B4AAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="910241EB4E62AF78FEC650BD3C32FA6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A30BC7DE968C221BAF379167007E0E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Durban; intertidal-138 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique; depth unknown (
<bibRefCitation id="C8FFCE9EB6158CD92B5483F85CDC63AD" author="Boshoff, P" journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B21" refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45" title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban." volume="49" year="1981">Boshoff 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0B5DF1C2006CBEF8252B1FBFCF42D7A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="D649B769E16CD40E1A33BD1E55924A8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2941023AE07C5CBA76FDFDD923EBD45B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Subsequent to the original description of
<taxonomicName id="C8B0D573BC87C3495EACA52057A29ED6" baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards &amp; Haime" baseAuthorityYear="1849" class="Anthozoa" family="Rhizangiidae" genus="Culicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Culicia excavata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="C437D4433B4E73CD0101762B9B717F02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Culicia excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this species was misidentified and reported as
<taxonomicName id="24BA4988A74B0472DC126B9A8348E920" class="Anthozoa" family="Rhizangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. tenella" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis id="F5C69F41A51A9EE98BFEA5536572CF35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="5E7FD27E54688928725B104F9DA3E53B" author="Boshoff, P" journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 45" refId="B21" refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45" title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban." volume="49" year="1981">Boshoff (1981)</bibRefCitation>
. After close examination of the
<normalizedToken id="4C62458B5DB1EED4A43341051C774A2E" originalValue="Boshoffs">Boshoff's</normalizedToken>
specimen (collected off Mozambique: ORI_CIc1, 3 specimens), we confirm these specimens to be
<taxonomicName id="3787D163C406F43254F4320A6B136D46" class="Anthozoa" family="Rhizangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. excavata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="55033D44B36463D4582CD9F6314D6884" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The occurrence of
<normalizedToken id="05D8E6BF57D398B7A6E9E58E7DA9CFA1" originalValue="Boshoffs">Boshoff's</normalizedToken>
East London record is not clear and should not be considered in biodiversity assessments. Nonetheless, more specimens of the cryptic
<taxonomicName id="4685D969F1F578E2D4B6A982B5A3E95F" class="Anthozoa" family="Rhizangiidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="C. excavata" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="E5ECD8B66AB5747238DFDBA29FFA6221" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are required and the revision of the genus is urgently needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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