<documentID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748"ID-PMC="PMC9633978"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1"ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A"ID-PubMed="36479134"ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA"ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1"checkinTime="1635480455043"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T."docDate="2021"docId="C4F5DACA63E1D0A45EDBBB05134F30B1"docLanguage="en"docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198"docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066"docPubDate="2021-10-28"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697"docTitle="Culicia excavata"docType="treatment"docVersion="4"id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A"lastPageNumber="1"masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A"masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa"masterLastPageNumber="198"masterPageNumber="1"pageNumber="1"updateTime="1732486004380"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:affiliationid="29088CF992235EADF96193687AC30B49">Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa & Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="427D5FE2C954A8C47E679C6746A76154">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil & Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:namePartid="076E2B32AF7A86585EF3C00EE1D2A86E">Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliationid="F3D817D189C2C71A126C6203E34FCE40">Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="05287081C0C40834CB6B22DA28E13AD4">South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa & Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:affiliationid="485D50D8A8F8EACE65C730CC5CFF69BA">Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<taxonomicNameid="C0C80D4EC6D1B766F789FCBC9FF06C3E"ID-CoL="32C3V"authority="(Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1849)"baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime"baseAuthorityYear="1849"class="Anthozoa"family="Rhizangiidae"genus="Culicia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Culicia excavata"order="Scleractinia"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"phylum="Cnidaria"rank="species"species="excavata">Culicia excavata (Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1849)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitationid="DFBDFAB7CB9A016D75C6105381D7BECA"captionStart="Figure 14"captionStartId="F14"captionText="Figure 14. A, B. Letepsammia formosissima (SAM _ H 1429, off Kidds Beach, 79 m) A calicular view B basal view C, D Letepsammia franki (SAMC _ A 090070, off Durban, 95 m) C calicular view D basal view E, F Rhombopsammia niphada (SAM _ H 1390, off Port Alfred, 90 m) E calicular view F basal view G, H Stephanophyllia fungulus (SAMC _ A 073106, Cape Vidal, 140 m) G calicular view H basal view I Madrepora oculata (SAM _ H 3038, off St Lucia, 825 m) full view J, L Culicia sp. cf. Culicia australiensis (SAMC _ A 073032, off Shaka's Rock, 50 m) J calicular view K full view L septa details M, N Culicia excavata. M (UCTES _ DBN 85 H, off Ispongo, depth unknown): full view N (BMNH 1840.09.30.19, Cape of Good Hope, depth unknown): Calicular view O, P Stenocyathus vermiformis (SAM _ H 3213, off Cintsa, 630 m) O calicular view P lateral view Scale bars: 10 mm (A-H, J-N); 100 mm (I); 2 mm (O, P)."figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697.figure14"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/604117"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">Fig. 14M, N</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="CA68703AF88DBE3B1D8344FF35F5D242"author="Boshoff, P"journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="1 - 45"refId="B21"refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45"title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban."volume="49"year="1981">Boshoff 1981</bibRefCitation>
<paragraphid="C40BAD57C4F4AFD0EE92BFC97A97EFF9"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">Corallum colonial, reptoid, with short, cylindrical, and small individual corallites connected by stolons. Calice circular. Calicular margin smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraphid="D8F28F9369D5A7627C42ABFC5A76CBE5"pageId="0"pageNumber="1">Septa hexamerally arranged in three cycles according to the formula: S1-2 ≥ S3 (24 septa). S1-2 equal in size, convex, and extend to an under-developed columella (if present) with slightly dentated axial margins. S3 rudimentary and curved towards S2 with dentate axial margins. Septa loosely packed. Pali absent. Columella rudimentary or absent. Fossa shallow.</paragraph>
<bibRefCitationid="C8FFCE9EB6158CD92B5483F85CDC63AD"author="Boshoff, P"journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="1 - 45"refId="B21"refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45"title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban."volume="49"year="1981">Boshoff 1981</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="C8B0D573BC87C3495EACA52057A29ED6"baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime"baseAuthorityYear="1849"class="Anthozoa"family="Rhizangiidae"genus="Culicia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Animalia"lsidName="Culicia excavata"order="Scleractinia"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"phylum="Cnidaria"rank="species"species="excavata">
<bibRefCitationid="5E7FD27E54688928725B104F9DA3E53B"author="Boshoff, P"journalOrPublisher="Investigational Report"pageId="0"pageNumber="1"pagination="1 - 45"refId="B21"refString="Boshoff, P, 1981. An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban. Investigational Report 49: 1 - 45"title="An annotated checklist of southern African Scleractinia. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban."volume="49"year="1981">Boshoff (1981)</bibRefCitation>
