286 lines
36 KiB
XML
286 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="9650" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="5FDF0D072AB8B35772337497BC53D5F4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732888464283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="1C9472B83844AE9E3B7C8D7B29CB950A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="611A99720EFA70B96A1C47BC0A4F8242">
|
||
<mods:title id="8FC08DE469D595AF3CD66940154E167C">A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="F066E9FCEAECC30C1319262D49F276A4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="650065AF9DC4D3539B9E69D1BA12DBAE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D3661DB59AF5476CB715589B4F45D197">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="427127B8B98434260F54748681B58698">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="6392D4823145551E26ED0A957FA3D703">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="618ECEE862ED06987853024D69D51E76" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="940E9C6D33A6C82B36FDA23DD6777B5A" type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="271AE2F28B41923F68315F02C1151DDB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DCCD3CD88D59B8B9545A546B6BB46FCE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CEBE537717124D70C51B9A987A415F3F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7BF26DCEE43AF5231F834335BED4D983">Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="7F629FC77FF5EA1F2D166D3AC27A911A">161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="02594C7CCE4677D6518387D1137E7CC2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5D34BC508D0D92FBFE458F3CC77F1A75">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="605A1DD0A46651F97089C8E86CAE653C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="6E6266AB7F63F1D529114604DB099911">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="E7C23035EF9DC3CE18F13E48F37C5442">Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="678BD94A4F1CD849315726C660326200">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="F7FAED79AD7F7BE1DFC742F1D6757E0F" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="B4E70FD4D67AA3A9037A502D2FFDADD0">
|
||
<mods:title id="49676DD3E90035F413B9D698EE845F0C">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="551A0D1A07B8B53082769BE761EB5935">
|
||
<mods:date id="0CFD1D15649732B0E17BAF7CB672B21B">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="5AC4D3BA8AB49771F3DE8913A5A26332" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="550542F352B64121A0A8BDAD61FED0EB">983</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="29C0025D5F71AA17AED3E0979AAB91CF" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="7C137F7F599352EB4E0E40AF21810746">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="C518449E626E6CDDB2EC5450D349E64A">442</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="7F3D8CBE5F49D44B7870D07FDF27A26B">
|
||
<mods:url id="C2AD0994CFC9C2D00C149A366F57C9D7">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8075D662DB4940DB24C1FB0702C8C56A">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B99531042243C6D2285BC4557C491BD8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E625B8AFAA21AE136ECC56EB09424B84" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="402CA02AEB0B0A6484BCD6B187338AA0" type="ZooBank">7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CCF47779A096449DEB562CBEFC76418E" type="Pensoft-UUID">C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="5FDF0D072AB8B35772337497BC53D5F4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754580" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5FDF0D072AB8B35772337497BC53D5F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FDF0D072AB8B35772337497BC53D5F4" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Scolytinae">
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DFF0D2ADC7D798A019367993E9E297C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="156B13497F3B7FC8295031B79E356D72" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0919471BE17CA4370EC0D0EA541D5094" ID-CoL="7FWYG" authority="Eichhoff, 1868" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation id="9464EE94B485CCB9ABD922DB99F63774" captionStart="Figure 88" captionStartId="F88" captionText="Figure 88. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Xyleborus affinis, 2.2 - 2.5 mm (A, B, I), X. bidentatus, 3.4 - 3.5 mm (C, D, J), X. cognatus, 2.8 - 3.1 mm (E, F, K), and X. ferrugineus, 2.5 - 3.1 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470888" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 88A, B, I</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4D2DC1C9E601C7F4C08D81D13FE0B440" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6E4E93F855646E9DC00F2BE4FDEF09E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="655E00928236988B42202989B2D6B018" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Xyleborus affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eichhoff, 1868b: 401.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="38C72D6820058E192B846702165FEFDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72D39E22FD47820708A0C8F93C7863B7" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis subsp. fuscobrunneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="fuscobrunneus">Xyleborus affinis fuscobrunneus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eichhoff, 1878b: 372. Synonymy:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9FFDD10A254E531D98BA46E95D3D270F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">Schedl 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 504.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FBDDDC8DE7295062B7E9A4785086247A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08194912CFDEEAB048D553B424810666" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis subsp. mascarensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="mascarensis">Xyleborus affinis mascarensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eichhoff, 1878b: 372. Synonymy:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8CC51B05771D7F78A77D62855092D227" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Insects of Micronesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 73" refId="B474" refString="Wood, SL, 1960. Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Insects of Micronesia 18: 1 - 73" title="Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae." volume="18" year="1960">Wood 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 71.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E6381536E9C37203FA2947FE7BD1D8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA390B85DF55CA2640A65E2AC26E0B14" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis subsp. parvus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="affinis" subSpecies="parvus">Xyleborus affinis parvus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eichhoff, 1878b: 372. Synonymy:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60C4A72D56B6DE31B658131B3CEF89D3" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Insects of Micronesia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 73" refId="B474" refString="Wood, SL, 1960. Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Insects of Micronesia 18: 1 - 73" title="Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae." volume="18" year="1960">Wood 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 71.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CE0269CDA35242AD9C44ECD2B7909AAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF221C67D591403BDC358017E16E698B" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus sacchari" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacchari">Xyleborus sacchari</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hopkins, 1915a: 64. Synonymy:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AE3CCD99EF2CD704BFADD0B4C3E95AF7" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1359" refId="B483" refString="Wood, SL, 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 8: 1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 830.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="16F0E220037F4AC49C6CF65453BAB232" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69C4BC101086B315C3F505591BDBE5B0" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus subaffinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subaffinis">Xyleborus subaffinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eggers, 1933a: 36. Synonymy:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="840F765740F1CB607C6C88E72AD30B06" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">Schedl 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 504.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7278EB1DA66FB06896DB6B9C4041A2A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC056A3B65FB5249179E19B3282E749C" authorityName="Beeson" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus societatis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="societatis">Xyleborus societatis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Beeson, 1935a: 120. Synonymy:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0340FECD8A7BC84F4385639A9D0F5A70" author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B12" refString="Beaver, RA, 1991. New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Pacific Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museums in Wien 92B: 87-97." title="New synonymy and taxonomic changes in Pacific Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Annalen des Naturhistorisches Museums in Wien 92 B: 87 - 97." year="1991">Beaver 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 94.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="17CDDA3A1653CC6BC9440F3190B6CAEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8819650DF9DC7CF1858AB077886C188" authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus proximus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="proximus">Xyleborus proximus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eggers, 1943: 66. Synonymy:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FEF0DC41677B2872F587A0832A7614B6" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl 1963a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 331.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4D4CACF48CB2EF29E4754B2E5D3EDC4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="CCD3BB2E42DBA1A009557125669D72F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="301965C32C32AA4374ACB0B9B30BA0C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A35BABB03B2FC26E4227C5603B039F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="141A2ECCAA2687CD75A32A7B7D78713D" authorityName="Hopkins" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus sacchari" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sacchari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B4544E15F8AFEAF03D205B567666AF1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus sacchari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NMNH).
|
||
<emphasis id="BCD2E663701AF1C02FEC140A4B0D236C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F90373D28CEA5C21867D53858719479" authorityName="Beeson" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus societatis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="societatis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8E7A7782982B994A5706B43326C4DA04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus societatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BPBM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8928D70F7DA229F1E4CB281F4965647F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
|
||
<paragraph id="C2364F4DC2C85395B3110A57DB30D649" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7B0C1FAEFFE89C7012A0D5BC4760922" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Cambodia: Kampong Speu, Aoral Wildlife Sanctuary,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A7589C8CD063AF88BC6E4615CD0943FD" degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.75" value="11.702986">11°42'10.75"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="48A53A9B7D46C427D64A16860C51968A" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="54.9" value="103.88192">103°52'54.9"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 200 m, dry dipterocarp forest, 16.xi.2013, O.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="17D1EDF5BB5A7529F5B6828EF8D28870" originalValue="Košulíc">Kosulic</normalizedToken>
|
||
(MNHP, 1). China: Hainan, Changjiang, Bawangling Natl For. Park,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="676E0C829E6B31C4D3A178C151B30F8F" degrees="19.117" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="19.117">19.117N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2D44B66B86BF4C87D5FA4F8582EC8DF8" degrees="109.080" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="109.08">109.080E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 119 m, 5.xii.2016, Tian-Shang, Lv-Jia (RABC, 1). S Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 20 km NW Jinghong, vic. Man Dian (NNNR),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5E32A7079C8CFC5098A0714D9B704E30" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="07.80" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="22.13">22°07.80'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2FC30BC628BAF2F90DB8D8D9CDACE4C5" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="40.0" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="100.666664">100°40.0'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 740 m, rubber plantation, 23.v.2008, A. Weigel (NKME, 1); as previous except: 23 km NW Jinghong, vic. Na Ban (NNNR),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8D9BB3D77C91DF218625D188375011F2" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="09.49" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="22.158167">22°09.49'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="17169FEA8695A478D2949221E962CCA5" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="39.92" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="100.66534">100°39.92'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, transit zone, 730 m, 15.vi.2008, A. Weigel (NKME, 1); as previous except: forest, EKL, 26.iii.2009, L. Meng (RABC, 1); as previous except: 28 km NW Jinghong, vic. An Ma Xi Zhan (NNNR),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="795D0FC6A17507CD6880BFBF9B255CD2" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="22.2">22°12'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E9E51A39221B0A537A0102007D0BBE38" degrees="100" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="100.63333">100°38'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 700 m, forest, EKL, 30.x.2008, A. Weigel (RABC, 1). India: Meghalaya, Nokrek N. P., 3 km S Darbokgiri,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6D4D3EF3EC4164DC1BB328B2473ECDE7" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="25.45">25°27'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="46FAED451F3D30F80815628BCD7DF635" degrees="90" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="90.316666">90°19'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1400 m, 26.iv.1999,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="056D53BE34B16842137712B197D826DC" originalValue="Dembický">Dembicky</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E35B77A0C9F4163B466DF1F06CE475B5" originalValue="Pacholátko">Pacholatko</normalizedToken>
|
||
(RABC, 1). Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, 10 km N. Auroville, 2.ii-2.iii.2011, F. Burger (NKME, 1). Laos: Vientiane, Ban Van Eue, 15.ii.1966, native collector (BPBM, 2); as previous except: 15.v.1966 (BPBM, 1). Myanmar: Yangon Division, Highland Lodge,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="660AADEDBECDD3414C17ABBE184D25D9" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="51.29" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="16.854834">16°51.29'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E461794E1620A7462CCEEA6B41C3E073" degrees="96" direction="east" minutes="08.29" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="96.13817">96°08.29'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 11.v.1998, J. Slovinsky, ex uv light trap in semi-tropical urban rainforest (CASC, 1). Vietnam: Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="676690B469E9999E625EAE492F02FBFE" degrees="11.43771" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.43771">11.43771</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C6E31FB313D7CE9F4EB442BD3A60E3B6" degrees="107.42253" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="107.42253">107.42253</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 142 m, 21.ii.2017, VN84, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex 6-15 cm diameter branches (MSUC, 3). Lao Cai, Hoang Lien N.P., 22.35, 103.77, 1500 m, 21.v.2019, VN152, S.M. Smith, A.I. Cognato, ex FIT (MSUC, 4). Ninh Binh, Doi Vac, Cuc Phuong, 10-16.ix.2013, J.B. Heppner (FSCA, 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BADB22712D7249B56902DB8C9177D3B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC1AB94786ED38290236134A8FA8B125" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="39BC1FC478FC55E8CC3282B02DA9A038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
2.2-2.5 mm long (mean = 2.32 mm; n = 5); 2.56-3.14
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24E044E1C5468D36D012EF4B6456AB17" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the protibiae obliquely triangular, broadest at distal 1/3; declivity shagreened, dull (specimen must be dry); small size; declivital interstriae 1 and 3 armed with sparse uniformly sized small granules, interstriae 2 sparsely granulate at declivital summit; and declivity not appearing sulcate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="952CF0F7746B4BA96C6A4D44EE127C29" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
|
||
<paragraph id="60F6399069C25E35BA2A487FD20902B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="342889042C21A7DE529BCB92EA5098DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45448C825E543C3406F4062272B03CFB" authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus cognatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cognatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FFAA673D5184D12144B459B1AF805B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus cognatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0F87E0C7FD244503419D6DE4AAB9DBF" lsidName="X. ferrugineus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3915929596390C26CD0E7074A882EC1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. ferrugineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F7821E8D3773723B660D02EEAAC894FC" lsidName="X. festivus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="festivus">
|
||
<emphasis id="77032B3EA2C25501F0D724F2AEF8D94E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. festivus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1C47D8FC43FC7C76BB7D20C62CD1572" lsidName="X. perforans" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="perforans">
|
||
<emphasis id="D8F086C7E2F75B13CE58672540C2DA39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. perforans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F1C7291EBDB82CEE8A90E4283C22434" lsidName="X. pfeilii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pfeilii">
|
||
<emphasis id="50A682BEAC7DCCADB9DBEE02663A3238" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. pfeilii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0336AB7959AB2AADAE0B4EF54F3503C0" lsidName="X. volvulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="volvulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="DBB2762F576F3C32232F2E45849097AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. volvulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8C76685F7F6849EFAB19D9D939D1F587" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="84DC37F636F1E2C0749390ECEF7AF41E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA900EFAD0CA7278B21873338F32792D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Probably native to tropical America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="856970039E4E02FEA3818B73F0CB56A4" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 74" refId="B481" refString="Wood, SL, 1977. Introduced and exported American Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Great Basin Naturalist 37: 67 - 74" title="Introduced and exported American Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." volume="37" year="1977">Wood 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="99B6DDF81A646E4E5A071598BFEE5F14" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" author="Gohli, J" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 37" refId="B171" refString="Gohli, J, Selvarajah, T, Kirkendall, LR, Jordal, BH, 2016. Globally distributed Xyleborus species reveal recurrent intercontinental dispersal in a landscape of ancient worldwide distributions. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 1 - 37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" title="Globally distributed Xyleborus species reveal recurrent intercontinental dispersal in a landscape of ancient worldwide distributions." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-016-0610-7" volume="16" year="2016">Gohli et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but now in temperate and tropical regions around the world. Less common in the Oriental region than in Africa and the Americas, but sometimes locally abundant. Recorded in the study region from Cambodia*, China* (Hainan, Yunnan), India (Meghalaya*, Tamil Nadu*, no state recorded), Laos*, Myanmar*, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam*.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9DCA11F07BF681DB77719B5F78EE07F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph id="45A9C192968FE7A2DA6962EFFD356948" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="91EE02932993AA8854211C8E43CCD1DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Strongly polyphagous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F2E8332A8A5691717C15C1CF8B6F8DF" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl 1963a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57C7F1D8A2DFF93D6DDA2690D1388FA1" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus mascarensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mascarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="0B7C22EE7A24EEC37047B1FCB4398EAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus mascarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eichhoff;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="910646831F2D41AA741713F131909372" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1359" refId="B483" refString="Wood, SL, 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 8: 1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FB5C40D720D95A9554DB93F7EC148626" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="2A525C4E6C9802EDB51B09053B27D8D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D4F3DB29219A642B50AEAC473808CDAB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The biology of the species is reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="19E4C9B7712D2AA63136C7FD24F8F177" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl (1963a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF986F7112F6B645C6D06A9BBFE81605" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/12/1987/267" author="Schneider, I" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B431" refString="Schneider, I, 1987. Verbreitung, Pilzuebertragung und Brutsystem des Ambrosiakaefers Xyleborusaffinis im vergleich mit X.mascarensis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Entomologia Generalis 12: 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/12/1987/267" title="Verbreitung, Pilzuebertragung und Brutsystem des Ambrosiakaefers Xyleborusaffinis im vergleich mit X. mascarensis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Entomologia Generalis 12: 267 - 275." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/entom.gen/12/1987/267" year="1987">Schneider (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
notes that more than one generation may inhabit the same gallery system, and describes the oral mycangia. Seasonal changes in numbers caught in traps have been related to temperature and rainfall in Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="581BD2A2FBD6C4D4F7DCAE1BAEDA6B26" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1991.tb01084.x" author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Applied Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="505 - 511" refId="B24" refString="Beaver, RA, Loeyttyniemi, K, 1991. Annual flight patterns and diversity of bark and ambrosia beetles (Col., Scolytidae and Platypodidae) attracted to bait logs in Zambia. Journal of Applied Entomology 112: 505 - 511, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1991.tb01084.x" title="Annual flight patterns and diversity of bark and ambrosia beetles (Col., Scolytidae and Platypodidae) attracted to bait logs in Zambia." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1991.tb01084.x" volume="112" year="1991">
|
||
Beaver and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D6BDAE331ADE7C07F829A13F3B62BBB2" originalValue="Löyttyniemi">Loeyttyniemi</normalizedToken>
|
||
1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="28AABD97CD1737D8BB7AC6EEF3B13D9D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1995.9629684" author="Madoffe, S" journalOrPublisher="South African Forestry Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="9 - 15" refId="B251" refString="Madoffe, S, Bakke, A, 1995. Seasonal fluctuations and diversity of bark and wood-boring beetles in lowland forest: implications for management practices. South African Forestry Journal 173: 9 - 15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1995.9629684" title="Seasonal fluctuations and diversity of bark and wood-boring beetles in lowland forest: implications for management practices." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00382167.1995.9629684" volume="173" year="1995">Madoffe and Bakke 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in Central America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ADC7E76FC3C81D2E0E4135708B847CE7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i4.2075" author="Rangel, R" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Biologia Tropical" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1577 - 1588" refId="B323" refString="Rangel, R, Perez, M, Sanchez, S, Capello, S, 2012. Population fluctuation of Xyleborus ferrugineus and X. affinis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ecosystems of Tabasco, Mexico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 60: 1577 - 1588, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i4.2075" title="Population fluctuation of Xyleborus ferrugineus and X. affinis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ecosystems of Tabasco, Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v60i4.2075" volume="60" year="2012">Rangel et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Flight height preference in Amazonia is described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D4853E0B4A680EEC954943D31B9EAA02" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001311068" author="Abreu, RLS" journalOrPublisher="Acta Amazonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="61 - 68" refId="B1" refString="Abreu, RLS, Fonseca, CRV, Guerrero, JCH, Paula, EVCM, 2001. Preferencia de voo de nove especies da familia Scolytidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) na Amazonia Central. Acta Amazonica 31: 61 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001311068" title="Preferencia de voo de nove especies da familia Scolytidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) na Amazonia Central." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43922001311068" volume="31" year="2001">Abreu et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Laboratory rearing techniques, and the occurrence of delayed dispersal and alloparental care are discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8A30D1B1B146543B0FA171DBD4BD3A79" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0417" author="Biedermann, PHW" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1096 - 1105" refId="B38" refString="Biedermann, PHW, Klepzig, KR, Taborsky, M, 2009. Fungus cultivation by ambrosia beetles: behavior and laboratory breeding success in three Xyleborine species. Environmental Entomology 38: 1096 - 1105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0417" title="Fungus cultivation by ambrosia beetles: behavior and laboratory breeding success in three Xyleborine species." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0417" volume="38" year="2009">Biedermann et al. (2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93918E5BFC2EEA26CAA88EED834BCC61" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1183-5" author="Biedermann, PHW" journalOrPublisher="Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1753 - 1761" refId="B39" refString="Biedermann, PHW, Klepzig, KD, Taborsky, M, 2011. Costs of delayed dispersal and alloparental care in the fungus-cultivating ambrosia beetle Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff (Scolytinae: Curculionidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 65: 1753 - 1761, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1183-5" title="Costs of delayed dispersal and alloparental care in the fungus-cultivating ambrosia beetle Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff (Scolytinae: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-011-1183-5" volume="65" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although its attacks are secondary, the species can be of economic importance due to its abundance and wide host range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D8136935B78104E9F834701FDF6BF5D3" doi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure88" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470888" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 88" startId="F88">
|
||
<paragraph id="B56EC1DB2650C092AA080A3C199DC116" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="77F562E4082E491D20A122DBD80A5A88" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 88.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="107458DB8AE625783C87EDFF723FD394" authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1868" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus affinis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="25C3EEE91BB2B30BA9341C68DF30187A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2.2-2.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="DCBCC6414F08363684A35EF9CCAB5FC0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, I</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DBF6B49E0C34489AB01428F109F4F9F" lsidName="X. bidentatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="bidentatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7C24FD6E269B405258D58206273EBC4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. bidentatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 3.4-3.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="CB48C2188A9328DA90162E620285F28E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D, J</emphasis>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="285AA6B7636BB46FDF10A44F94032021" lsidName="X. cognatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cognatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="44E52025CA91DD37A647DB23AB7BF9E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. cognatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2.8-3.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="85DDB1C555137FC9AC2BE143D1595653" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F, K</emphasis>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3F39584EBD7B39A5CD78DFFDB9BD530" lsidName="X. ferrugineus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD79C4FBCF5AC6850211DD693A4E16E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. ferrugineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2.5-3.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="3ED59A7410FC6DA3CD74CB5708150713" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H, L</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |