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<mods:title id="05C1EA298FEAAEE68492883D471354F2">A review of the genus Pempheris (Teleostei, Pempheridae) found in Japan and Taiwan</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="85B4808D49949CE53FEEA2640BF7E870" ID-CoL="76G3V" authority="Cuvier, 1831" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1831" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="8FD9C1F188F611C94CF30F75D768336B" italics="true">Pempheris vanicolensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1100A52219873D307E3B62D1B3D7434E" author="Cuvier G" refId="B12" refString="Cuvier G (1831) Des Pempherides. In: Cuvier G, Valenciennes A (Eds) Historie Naturelle des Poissons, Vol. 7. F. G. Levraut, Paris-Strasbourg, [xx - xxi +] 296 - 309 [191 pls]." year="1831">Cuvier, 1831</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="4DEED858B98F627F4EDE4B733FEF00ED" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of Pempheris ufuagari (triangles) and P. vanicolensis (diamonds) based on the collection localities of the specimens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192478">Figs 15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EF143108AFB7CD1C7FC4B864035CBBEC" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Pempheris vanicolensis A fresh specimen (KAUM I. 65386, 132.7 mm SL, Hengchung, Pingtung, Taiwan) and underwater photograph (Palau)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192479">16</figureCitation>
<xref id="9A39B117434094804926787395277F8B" ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S2">, Suppl. material 2 Standard Japanese name: Kibire-hatampo</xref>
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<emphasis id="526BD55476A3C7A85D8F7089DB433F28" italics="true">Pempheris vanicolensis</emphasis>
<comment id="5A745945311F4CEF56746696ABBF5086">
<bibRefCitation id="F95480116E21B4725D1148E87360C21E" author="Cuvier G" refId="B12" refString="Cuvier G (1831) Des Pempherides. In: Cuvier G, Valenciennes A (Eds) Historie Naturelle des Poissons, Vol. 7. F. G. Levraut, Paris-Strasbourg, [xx - xxi +] 296 - 309 [191 pls]." year="1831">Cuvier, 1831: 305</bibRefCitation>
(type locality: Vanikoro Island, Santa Cruz Islands);
<treatmentCitation id="BB970DF737DCE48D754CEA0146D569D4" author="Shao K-T &amp; Chen L-W" page="163" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="331C46F011A8471E339FA1FB2F6EE74C" author="Shao K-T &amp; Chen L-W" firstAuthor="Shao" journalOrPublisher="Holiday Press, Taipei" page="163" refId="B107" refString="Shao K-T, Chen L-W (1991) Field guide to observe nature of Taiwan. Reef angling fish (1). Holiday Press, Taipei, 235 pp." title="Field guide to observe nature of Taiwan. Reef angling fish (1)." year="1991">Shao and Chen 1991: 163</bibRefCitation>
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, unnumbered fig.;
<treatmentCitation id="E875D5468F8E06E3DA7205977BBF02FF" author="Shao K-T &amp; Chen J-P &amp; Shen S-C" page="177" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="856E85F452D3AC686F906FF4E445D0B3" author="Shao K-T &amp; Chen J-P &amp; Shen S-C" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Shao" journalOrPublisher="Ken-Ting National Park Headquarters Construction and Planning Administration, Kenting" page="177" refId="B108" refString="Shao K-T, Chen J-P, Shen S-C (1992) Marine fishes of the Ken-ting National Park. Ken-Ting National Park Headquarters Construction and Planning Administration, Kenting, 427 pp." title="Marine fishes of the Ken-ting National Park." year="1992">Shao et al. 1992: 177</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, unnumbered fig.;
<treatmentCitation id="17E6F1A50DC32BC54E13C86625B2AA8F" author="Shen S-C" page="391" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="899F28564A2F3200A330F3F18B4C94F7" author="Shen S-C" firstAuthor="Shen" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University, Taipei" page="391" refId="B113" refString="Shen S-C (1993) Fishes of Taiwan. National Taiwan University, Taipei, 960 pp." title="Fishes of Taiwan." year="1993">Shen 1993: 391</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 114, fig. 2;
<treatmentCitation id="868FCD40B97DF5749506BF34BD57C6CB" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Imai H &amp; Tachihara K" page="78" year="">
<bibRefCitation id="DC7F310A2F1652F6ACEF249E097C4CAF" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Imai H &amp; Tachihara K" journalOrPublisher="Biogeography" pagination="77-82" refId="B55" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Imai H, Tachihara K (2010 b) Description of new Japanese and northernmost records of pempherid fish, Pempheris vanicolensis, from Iriomote Island, southern Ryukyu Archipelago. Biogeography 12: 7782." title="Description of new Japanese and northernmost records of pempherid fish, Pempheris vanicolensis, from Iriomote Island, southern Ryukyu Archipelago." volume="12">Koeda et al. 2010 b</bibRefCitation>
: 78
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation id="40D2BA0349290BD21308A066F45B801F" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" page="71" year="">
<bibRefCitation id="210BD7F510ECA65373FA203DDE6F173D" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan" pagination="65-73" refId="B56" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Tachihara K (2012 a) First and southernmost records of Pempheris japonica (Pempherididae) from Okinawa Island with the description of juvenile growth. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 67: 6573. [In Japanese with English abstract]" title="First and southernmost records of Pempheris japonica (Pempherididae) from Okinawa Island with the description of juvenile growth." volume="67">Koeda et al. 2012 a</bibRefCitation>
: 71
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;
<treatmentCitation id="FC70259CDA3B32C17F6AC7907FBCAF29" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" page="237" year="">
<bibRefCitation id="C7ABDC7CFCC0A8378BECD3D26CD73B47" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.9" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="231-238" refId="B58" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Tachihara K (2013 a) Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov., a new species in the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) from the oceanic islands of Japan. Zootaxa 3609: 231238. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.9" title="Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov., a new species in the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) from the oceanic islands of Japan." volume="3609">Koeda et al. 2013 a</bibRefCitation>
: 237
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;
<treatmentCitation id="9B545E72EEF22D78122C8B44062F365E" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" page="127" year="">
<bibRefCitation id="4C15221FFF3672E39EB003BDFEA03646" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Ichthyology" pagination="123-128" refId="B59" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Tachihara K (2013 b) Identificational keys of Pempheris adusta Bleeker, 1877 (Pempheridae) with comments on its standard Japanese name. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 60: 123128. [In Japanese with English abstract]" title="Identificational keys of Pempheris adusta Bleeker, 1877 (Pempheridae) with comments on its standard Japanese name." volume="60">Koeda et al. 2013 b</bibRefCitation>
: 127
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;
<treatmentCitation id="FCDB0FEB220B4FA3FC807F3FD18E3D29" author="Chiang W-C &amp; Lin P-L &amp; Chen W-Y &amp; Liu D-C" page="183" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="9060C20E698F696C8FB45AFDC63CD2A3" author="Chiang W-C &amp; Lin P-L &amp; Chen W-Y &amp; Liu D-C" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chiang" page="183" refId="B10" refString="Chiang W-C, Lin P-L, Chen W-Y, Liu D-C (2014) Marine Fishes in Eastern Taiwan. Fisheries Research Institute, Keelung, [x +] 337 pp. [In Chinese]" year="2014">Chiang et al. 2014: 183</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, unnumbered fig.;
<treatmentCitation id="1DFDD0439AE6A4C0580C312C73ADCFBC" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Imai H &amp; Tachihara K" page="327" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="879D31D7FD55685C643944C3205F50DB" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3793.3.1" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Imai H &amp; Tachihara K" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Koeda" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" page="327" pagination="301-330" refId="B61" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Imai H, Tachihara K (2014) A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 3793: 301330. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3793.3.1" title="A review of the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) of the Red Sea, with description of a new species." volume="3793" year="2014">Koeda et al. 2014: 327</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="C079E87225E28C75FFD2D89006D50293" author="Koeda K &amp; Motomura H" page="139" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="63EFDBA61416F2E7E99B0DF49FAB2E6E" author="Koeda K &amp; Motomura H" firstAuthor="Koeda" journalOrPublisher="Nature of Kagoshima" page="139" pagination="139-144" refId="B51" refString="Koeda K, Motomura H (2015) First records of Pempheris adusta (Perciformes: Pempheridae) from Kuchierabujima, Nakano-shima, and Tokuno-shima islands in the Satsunan Islands and the Kagoshima mainland, southern Japan with some biological comments. Nature of Kagoshima 41: 139144. [In Japanese]" title="First records of Pempheris adusta (Perciformes: Pempheridae) from Kuchierabujima, Nakano-shima, and Tokuno-shima islands in the Satsunan Islands and the Kagoshima mainland, southern Japan with some biological comments." volume="41" year="2015">Koeda and Motomura 2015: 139</bibRefCitation>
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;
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C40CFBCF32FB05D2142EA75E87647ACE" author="Koeda K &amp; Hibino Y &amp; Yoshida T &amp; Kimura Y &amp; Miki R &amp; Kunishima T &amp; Sasaki D &amp; Furukawa T &amp; Sakurai M &amp; Eguchi K &amp; Suzuki H &amp; Inaba T &amp; Uejo T &amp; Tanaka S &amp; Fujisawa M &amp; Wada H &amp; Uchiyama T" journalOrPublisher="The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima" refId="B64" refString="Koeda K, Hibino Y, Yoshida T, Kimura Y, Miki R, Kunishima T, Sasaki D, Furukawa T, Sakurai M, Eguchi K, Suzuki H, Inaba T, Uejo T, Tanaka S, Fujisawa M, Wada H, Uchiyama T (2016 b) Annotated checklist of fishes of Yonagunijima Island, the westernmost island in Japan. The Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima, 119 pp." title="Annotated checklist of fishes of Yonagunijima Island, the westernmost island in Japan.">Koeda et al. 2016 b</bibRefCitation>
: 50
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, fig. 226;
<treatmentCitation id="04D80E056FA3A2FB1F57F51EE0D9C0DE" author="Koeda K" page="5" year="">
<bibRefCitation id="6F8D2D9E5F575A75FB589019DEAD4E68" author="Koeda K" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan" pagination="1-13" refId="B41" refString="Koeda K (2017 a) Fishes of family Pempheridae (Teleostei: Perciformes) of the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan 71: 113. [In Japanese with English abstract]" title="Fishes of family Pempheridae (Teleostei: Perciformes) of the Ogasawara Islands, Japan." volume="71">Koeda 2017 a</bibRefCitation>
: 5
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8E028C6821E8654EA0757AC4834B3D96" author="Koeda K" editor="Nakabo T" journalOrPublisher="Shogakukan, Tokyo" pagination="298-299" refId="B44" refString="Koeda K (2018 b) Pempheridae. In: Nakabo T (Ed.) The natural history of the fishes of Japan. Shogakukan, Tokyo, 298299. [In Japanese]" title="Pempheridae." volumeTitle="The natural history of the fishes of Japan.">Koeda 2018 b</bibRefCitation>
: 299
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, unnumbered fig.;
<treatmentCitation id="DF7B6A353BADC26C5F5DE9E41C2FAF59" author="Koeda K" page="929" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="90B915CC39BDAF0D4226A8D7EBF749B6" author="Koeda K" editor="Koeda K &amp; Ho H-C" firstAuthor="Koeda" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Marine Biology &amp; Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan" page="929" pagination="925-930" refId="B47" refString="Koeda K (2019) Family Pempheridae. In: Koeda K, Ho H-C (Eds) Fishes of southern Taiwan. National Museum of Marine Biology &amp; Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan, 925930." title="Family Pempheridae." volumeTitle="Fishes of southern Taiwan." year="2019">Koeda 2019: 929</bibRefCitation>
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, unnumbered figs;
<treatmentCitation id="2246321D37BFA53ACB983892AD2C59E5" author="Koeda K &amp; Aizawa M &amp; Sakamoto K &amp; Ueshima R" page="11" year="2022">
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</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="A3C7D6BF3A9A792178A7599184D4BDF6" author="Nakamura J &amp; Koeda K &amp; Motomura H" page="1" year="2022">
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, fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1EB12CC38297EBC1017BF649C4316E36">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="03F4917EDDC87D5322BB37D1A64C3714">
<treatmentCitation id="AC6FE6F1E42DB6F487E5800A5702938D">
<taxonomicName id="6B12A9C1B06B9462150A737EB249C4AB" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="52E8CA77C81171D38B256B0C4F8572E0" italics="true">Pempheris</emphasis>
<comment id="80BDB3BAEFFDD6EE7A1055F9411D778F">
sp.:
<bibRefCitation id="79B89EF97A4A5F13D211F311FEEF18A3" author="Shao" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Shao" journalOrPublisher=", LTD., Taichung" refId="B110" refString="Shao K-T, Shao I-T, Lin P-L (2013) Coral reef fishes of Taiwan. Intimate., LTD., Taichung, 335 pp." title="Coral reef fishes of Taiwan. Intimate." year="2013">Shao et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
(in part): 161, unnumbered fig. (middle fig.);
<treatmentCitation id="C7C94575DE7EA2AF299D830519023E21" author="Shao K-T &amp; Ho H-C &amp; Lin P-L &amp; Lee P-F &amp; Lee M-Y &amp; Tsai C-Y &amp; Liao Y-C &amp; Lin Y-C" page="254" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="265BA2A0570336D101EB192972D9F62B" author="Shao K-T &amp; Ho H-C &amp; Lin P-L &amp; Lee P-F &amp; Lee M-Y &amp; Tsai C-Y &amp; Liao Y-C &amp; Lin Y-C" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Shao" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology supplement" page="254" pagination="233-271" refId="B109" refString="Shao K-T, Ho H-C, Lin P-L, Lee P-F, Lee M-Y, Tsai C-Y, Liao Y-C, Lin Y-C (2008) A checklist of the fishes of southern Taiwan, northern South China Sea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology supplement 19: 233271." title="A checklist of the fishes of southern Taiwan, northern South China Sea." volume="19" year="2008">Shao et al. 2008: 254</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="CE80A67A477AF3EE05A1C03FA9EA0D1A">
<bibRefCitation id="E96F20A2FEB2097F406B9BC84A9546C5" author="Hatooka and Yagishita" editor="Nakabo T" firstAuthor="Hatooka" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 983-984" pagination="2020-2021" refId="B24" refString="Hatooka K, Yagishita N (2013) Pempheridae. In: Nakabo T (Ed.) Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 3 rd edn. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 983984, 20202021. [In Japanese]" title="Pempheridae." volumeTitle="Fishes of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, 3 rd edn." year="2013">Hatooka and Yagishita 2013</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part): 984.
</comment>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EUNCI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="03672AA892A462FB25E7DA74A273B360">
<heading id="5546B0B9C6E3643176A6E810107FE174" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DAAD755F87E9D010B5DA32C2FFF27A79">
Counts of
<typeStatus id="5CCB28727327BC3FBCC6E88B2E9820D3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and non-types are given in Table
<tableCitation id="97E24B7E1D7B873478ACCD5EDC784465" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Counts of Pempheris schwenkii and P. xanthoptera." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0D1BE7BF4D3962627CF47C653C54CF4F" tableUuid="0D1BE7BF4D3962627CF47C653C54CF4F">2</tableCitation>
of
<bibRefCitation id="BAA3B486DE7A55560E6A126D585662ED" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Imai H &amp; Tachihara K" journalOrPublisher="Biogeography" pagination="77-82" refId="B55" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Imai H, Tachihara K (2010 b) Description of new Japanese and northernmost records of pempherid fish, Pempheris vanicolensis, from Iriomote Island, southern Ryukyu Archipelago. Biogeography 12: 7782." title="Description of new Japanese and northernmost records of pempherid fish, Pempheris vanicolensis, from Iriomote Island, southern Ryukyu Archipelago." volume="12">Koeda et al. (2010 b</bibRefCitation>
). Dorsal-fin rays
<collectionCode id="14DE2F44BDAE0CD4411729704D46EFB1" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute">VI</collectionCode>
, 9; anal-fin rays III, 3843; pectoral-fin rays 1719; pored lateral-line scales 5665; scale rows above lateral line 5 ½ 6 ½, usually 5 ½; scale rows below lateral line 1215; predorsal scales 3035; circumpeduncular scales 1618; gill rakers 8 + 1921 = 2729; head length 29.131.7 %; body depth 42.446.3 %; eye diameter 37.542.9 %; upper jaw length 48.955.3 %; maximum
<quantity id="EE34D674C370F157623042650BA6698A" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.56" unit="mm" value="156.0">156 mm</quantity>
SL; snout rounded; scales weakly ctenoid, deciduous, thin, semicircular in shape, far wider than long (
<bibRefCitation id="E560524313348A7E0BBA0226B150DD2F" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.9" author="Koeda K &amp; Yoshino T &amp; Tachihara K" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="231-238" refId="B58" refString="Koeda K, Yoshino T, Tachihara K (2013 a) Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov., a new species in the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) from the oceanic islands of Japan. Zootaxa 3609: 231238. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3609.2.9" title="Pempheris ufuagari sp. nov., a new species in the genus Pempheris (Perciformes, Pempheridae) from the oceanic islands of Japan." volume="3609">Koeda et al. 2013 a</bibRefCitation>
: see fig. 2 a); body silverish to copperish in fresh specimen collected in day time, but silver in night time; tip of dorsal fin distinctly blackish; usually distinct blackish band on outer edge of anal fin; pectoral fin bright yellow (disappear in fixed specimens) with lacking blackish blotch on its base; posterior margin of caudal fin blackish; narrow band of villiform teeth in jaws; abdomen cross-sectional outline V-shaped.
</paragraph>
<caption id="88A8E19040CD4A827D5102CEE824E472" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure16" ID-arpha="BC34BE5A-6744-540C-BCF4-74A790EE7D94" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192479" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="BE90FC0EE1E4C9B69A877C282E530623">
<label id="7916063E7A9E8F4D489BF29DC4804125">Figure 16.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4DFB30B2F5C8651274B8073A98B70157">
<taxonomicName id="96188809102BE453F7CB318E85BB7370" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1831" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="394F97EAB8B0A0E4EC30675DE1910243" italics="true">Pempheris vanicolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="D023312A9D7D08006BD47F3DE5CD2D53" bold="true">A</emphasis>
fresh specimen (KAUM I. 65386, 132.7 mm SL, Hengchung, Pingtung, Taiwan) and underwater photograph (Palau).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAPCI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8AE70F549CD763F50BD71C6C4F06ADD3">
<heading id="BC84EDCC0070C3602DE1E33537C1B985" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0FE809209FC22F62007215B2926D8A65">
Widely distributed in the western Pacific Ocean except for small islands and atolls in central Pacific. In Japanese waters, this species is known from Iriomote-jima and Yonaguni-jima islands in the southern Ryukyu Archipelago. In Taiwanese waters, this species is known from Yeh Liu and Wang-li in New Taipei City, and Hengchung and Kenting in Pingtung County (Fig.
<figureCitation id="302025B708DEB452E5A8862E19AAFDD3" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution of Pempheris ufuagari (triangles) and P. vanicolensis (diamonds) based on the collection localities of the specimens." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1220.126762.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1192478">15</figureCitation>
). Specimens were collected from
<quantity id="AAC7BEE114FF2EBEBF5771822646A8DB" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="1.0" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.0">02 m</quantity>
depth in
<collectingCountry id="6584B47228C8E043F8B4EB48812E4BAC" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
but are known from deeper (ca
<quantity id="6733C2F41FFD91694AF92EE383FE6926" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="20.0">20 m</quantity>
) in other areas. KK observed a small school of this species at Kuchinoerabu-jima Island (
<date id="D89D52595E79BFF5CFBE6A840E48C849" value="2016-08-24">24 Aug. 2016</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EKPCI" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="F4A89717FAA33C377E1CAE2C941E94F9">
<heading id="6FC7349CD08C494D238BAA04C1599BE6" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5222461EE9EBA277592B5A8A208B4EDA">
This species was described by
<bibRefCitation id="063EE921390D1740460DF00BA3717DE5" author="Cuvier G" firstAuthor="Cuvier" refId="B12" refString="Cuvier G (1831) Des Pemphérides. In: Cuvier G, Valenciennes A (Eds) Historie Naturelle des Poissons, Vol. 7. F. G. Levraut, Paris-Strasbourg, [xx xxi +] 296309 [191 pls]." year="1831">Cuvier (1831)</bibRefCitation>
, and the name
<taxonomicName id="065B79DE39E74CF34A0673CB73707137" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1831" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="3E5768D06F035914459D6E48CBF65DF5" italics="true">P. vanicolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been used for several species, particularly from the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. However, this species has only been collected from the Pacific Ocean and not from the Indian Ocean as shown in the present study.
<bibRefCitation id="DD69A7B97A9BEE8696F9D429A016C64F" DOI="10.5962/p.234844" author="Jordan DS &amp; Hubbs LC" firstAuthor="Jordan" refId="B32" refString="Jordan DS, Hubbs LC (1925) Record of the fishes obtained by David Starr Jordan in Japan, 1922. Mem Carnegie Mus 10 (2): 93346, [pls 512]. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.234844" year="1925">Jordan and Hubbs (1925)</bibRefCitation>
reported that the “
<taxonomicName id="0595135840D8AEC8D479F7DA572929A0" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="717AB1ECBCEE29B915911515E3C32E77" italics="true">P. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” documented by
<bibRefCitation id="EBF9EC0220A5F917D80969C87FC58851" DOI="10.5479/si.00963801.42-1913.487" author="Snyder JO" firstAuthor="Snyder" refId="B117" refString="Snyder JO (1912) The fishes of Okinawa, one of the Riu Kiu Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 42: 487519 [pls 6270]. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.42-1913.487" year="1912">Snyder (1912)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingRegion id="952C11844ADFB93F0E72FCE89DABDC45" country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
Island was a misidentification of
<taxonomicName id="440086025E1B7AC91FDB8F12CC92B563" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1831" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="8308DFB7F98BDF0399976CCAEFBB85B3" italics="true">P. vanicolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The early period of modern-day ichthyology in
<collectingCountry id="EB87E1D54172F62BC89497D2E3B78A5D" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
probably followed Jordan and Hubbs (1952), and
<taxonomicName id="22F05F42355922DF7F451A88A61B1C81" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1831" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="F6CB36BE1FDC46DDF578D38345E819C4" italics="true">P. vanicolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recognized as “ Minami-hatampo ” in the species lists of Japanese waters (e. g.,
<bibRefCitation id="6BB271B979B8DE8F505E4E214A372CF7" author="Okada" firstAuthor="Okada" refId="B93" refString="Okada Y (1938) A catalogue of vertebrates of Japan. Maruzen, Co. Ltd, Tokyo, [iv +] 412 pp." year="1938">Okada 1938</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="3125E93BC3F1E34EC0821CD91CFD32C9" author="Matsubara" firstAuthor="Matsubara" journalOrPublisher="Ishizaki-shoten, Tokyo" refId="B73" refString="Matsubara K (1955) Fish morphology and hierarchy. Ishizaki-shoten, Tokyo, 789 pp. [In Japanese]" title="Fish morphology and hierarchy." year="1955">Matsubara 1955</bibRefCitation>
). However,
<taxonomicName id="A666BFEFA0022DA8D6E202C3F5860721" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1831" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vanicolensis">
<emphasis id="5D2F41A593D71A43998F1FDB623D499D" italics="true">P. vanicolensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very rare in
<collectingCountry id="F452A1A1B404B34DD6F7337A34407CCF" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and re-examination of Snyders specimen (
<collectionCode id="A5BAF1F2B9F16F333AC354B8956A962B" country="USA" name="Stanford University">SU</collectionCode>
22002) revealed that it was a misidentification of
<taxonomicName id="2D1E33806DCE13E19B3A1B30FB99B2B1" authorityName="Bleeker" authorityYear="1855" family="Pempheridae" genus="Pempheris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schwenkii">
<emphasis id="D71B9B5CC11128EF70553F257725D6EC" italics="true">P. schwenkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is the most common species around
<collectingRegion id="4E204AC55E851D8FE985FBC8C7B95C19" country="Japan" name="Okinawa">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
Island.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>