306 lines
70 KiB
XML
306 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="396DC34B23C83E611E7C622BDD606BE7" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD64303DFD5F19514873E799" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Clinohelea Kieffer" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="57DA8DABB71C60A2598A7495AACFCDF6">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E3F53E69513E84E25E63C4428A00A122">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EC391AA00B141AB0A96E5DCC033DC3E9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8B966D6F4B41BBDDBFF8E8546BC996A8">
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<mods:date id="0AF7AB976237DD2E6734E267ADD75589">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4FF858F4AB70F75F7A4EAD4145EB44DC">2014-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="088596645D94AA25DC26931FC6B5CF3D">3879</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="0DE9CC3F16CCE43AA83C239209FAB686" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="027587C9BD64303DFD5F19514873E799" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593011" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5593011" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD64303DFD5F19514873E799" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD64303DFD5F19514873E799" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303CFD5F19514EFBE15A" box="[679,907,836,862]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303CFD5F19514EFBE15A" blockId="74.[391,1196,836,896]" box="[679,907,836,862]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFD5F19514EFBE15A" ID-CoL="9H6V5" ID-ENA="1614652" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[679,907,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFD5F19514EFBE15A" bold="true" box="[679,907,836,862]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFD5F19514E5BE15A" bold="true" box="[679,811,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Clinohelea</emphasis>
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Kieffer
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303CFE7F197249DCE184" box="[391,1196,871,896]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303CFE7F197249DCE184" blockId="74.[391,1196,836,896]" box="[391,1196,871,896]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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(
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFE7719724C8AE184" box="[399,506,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 13F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFDFE19724F47E184" box="[518,567,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">16C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFDBB19724FEDE184" box="[579,669,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">20M–N</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFD5019724FA9E184" box="[680,729,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">26B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFD1C19724E64E184" box="[740,788,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">30G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFCE719724E20E184" box="[799,848,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">33B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFCA419724EFFE184" box="[860,911,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">37D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC6219724E9EE184" box="[922,1006,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">45A–B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC011972495CE184" box="[1017,1068,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">50D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFBCF19724918E184" box="[1079,1128,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="308.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,199,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-56@308.[166,1420,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="308" captionText="FIGURE 63. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea unimaculata. C. Heteromyia wokei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949276/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">63B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB8C197249D4E184" box="[1140,1188,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">75C</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303CFF6F19BA4DA8E631" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303CFF6F19BA4DA8E631" blockId="74.[151,1437,943,2013]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
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<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFF6F19BA4C44E1CC" bold="true" box="[151,308,943,968]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
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: Only pupa of
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<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD64303CFE1F19BA4FD6E1CC" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[487,678,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
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with the metathorax with only two campaniform sensilla (M-2-T, M-3-T) on the anterior margin of the metathorax, D-7-I situated anteriorly, about 1/2 way between D-5-I and D-2-I (
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFF6719E24C76E614" box="[159,262,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 50D</figureCitation>
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, but see taxonomic discussion) and the dorsal apotome relatively narrow (
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<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFBC719E249EBE614" box="[1087,1179,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 20</figureCitation>
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M-N; compared to
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFA8819E24DBCE631" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 20O</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD64303DFF3F1E2A4F5BE064" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD64303DFF3F1E2A4F5BE064" blockId="74.[151,1437,943,2013]" lastBlockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" lastPageId="75" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFF3F1E2A4CFAE65C" bold="true" box="[199,394,1087,1112]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
|
||
: Total length =
|
||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD64303CFDBD1E2A4F9DE653" box="[581,749,1087,1112]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.53" metricValueMax="4.47" metricValueMin="2.59" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" unit="mm" value="3.53" valueMax="4.47" valueMin="2.59">2.59–4.47 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFCC41E714EDCE679" box="[828,940,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC401E714E9BE679" box="[952,1003,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">33B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna tear posterolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFE7D1E924C85E6A4" box="[389,501,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="261.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,199,1871]" captionTargetId="figure-85@261.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="261" captionText="FIGURE 16. Anterior portion of heads. A. Parabezzia huberti, in ventral view (distorted slide specimen). B. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA), ventrolateral view. C. Clinohelea curriei, in ventral view. D. Heteromyia clavata, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Heteromyia wokei, in ventral, slightly lateral view. F. Pellucidomyia leei, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949118" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949118/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFDF81E924F42E6A4" box="[512,562,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">79E</figureCitation>
|
||
); along prothoracic extension.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFC721E924EBAE6A4" bold="true" box="[906,970,1159,1184]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Dorsal apotome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB611E924843E6A4" box="[1177,1331,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 20M–N</figureCitation>
|
||
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFA971EB94DB3E6EC" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
|
||
) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB0E1EDA482AE6EC" box="[1270,1370,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFCAF1F024ECEE734" box="[855,958,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 37D</figureCitation>
|
||
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), narrowed posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFA9C1F294D82E77C" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 20M–N</figureCitation>
|
||
)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFE3F1F914F5AE799" box="[455,554,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||
)—2 slender setae; oculars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC9F1F914EBAE799" box="[871,970,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||
)—2 elongate setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFB4B1F91487CE799" bold="true" box="[1203,1292,1412,1437]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Prothoracic extension (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFEE91FB24C05E7C4" box="[273,373,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="271.[151,250,1955,1977]" captionTargetBox="[190,1393,203,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-66@271.[189,1408,203,1924]" captionTargetPageId="271" captionText="FIGURE 26. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Heteromyia wokei. D. Pellucidomyia leei. E. Dibezzia debenhamae (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Hebetula tonnoiri. G. Jenkinshelea magnipennis H. Macropeza bayeri." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949162/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, not extending posteromedially, with or without slight protuberance, not dividing metathorax medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFADA1FD948E0E7E1" box="[1314,1424,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 50D</figureCitation>
|
||
); respiratory organ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFE8D1FFA4F7FE40C" box="[373,527,1519,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 45" captionStartId="290.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[222,1373,186,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-193@290.[202,1384,184,1720]" captionTargetPageId="290" captionText="FIGURE 45. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). B. Clinohelea bimaculata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified). C. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). D. Heteromyia clavata (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). F. Pellucidomyia geari (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). G. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). H. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Debenham 1974). I. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). J. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). K. Mallochohelea albihalter (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). M. Probezzia xanthogaster (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). N. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011). O. Nilobezzia aranea (from Elson-Harris 1987). P. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). Q. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). R. Lanatomyia electra (from Debenham 1974). S. Lanatomyia miles (from Debenham 1974). T. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949212" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949212/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Figs. 45A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
) length/width = 3.59–7.65, elongate, slender, gradually somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting or slightly separated at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, outer surface smooth, with moderately elongate pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, plain or partly annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, remainder with wrinkles; wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB321C6A4844E49C" box="[1226,1332,1663,1688]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 37D</figureCitation>
|
||
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB921CB149BEE4B9" box="[1130,1230,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||
) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFC281CD24948E4E4" box="[976,1080,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="282.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[183,1389,232,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@282.[174,1405,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="282" captionText="FIGURE 37. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia clavata. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949192" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949192/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 37D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFBC11CF949D1E501" box="[1081,1185,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="278.[151,250,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox="[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-110@278.[176,1420,177,1860]" captionTargetPageId="278" captionText="FIGURE 33. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Parabezzia sp. (5 km. E. Danby, Vermont, USA). B. Clinohelea curriei. C. Pellucidomyia leei. D. Hebetula tonnoiri. E. Jenkinshelea sp. (from Ottawa, ON, Canada). F. Mallochohelea caudellii. G. Probezzia seminigra. H. Nilobezzia sp. (from Kruger NP, South Africa). I. Sphaeromias longipennis. J. Bezzia sp. (6 km E. Salmon Arm, BC, Canada) K. Palpomyia sp. (Black Lake, Quebec, Canada). L. Phaenobezzia sp. (from Skulsuza, South Africa)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949184" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949184/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 33B</figureCitation>
|
||
); with apex of foreleg slightly to moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally, small ventral lobe; sensilla: anteromedials—1 elongate or 2 short setae; anterolaterals—1 short seta; dorsal setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB0D1D214829E549" box="[1269,1369,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="275.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,193,1797]" captionTargetId="figure-119@275.[161,1426,193,1813]" captionTargetPageId="275" captionText="FIGURE 30. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Serromyia sp. B. Allohelea japonica. C. Monohelea obscura. D. Atyphohelea macroneura. E. Parabezzia huberti. F. Echinohelea lanei. G. Clinohelea curriei. H. Heteromyia clavata. I. Pellucidomyia leei. J. Dibezzia debenhamae (dirty specimen, D-5-T perhaps broken setal socket). K. Hebetula tonnoiri. L. Jenkinshelea magnipennis. M. Macropeza natalensis. N. Mallochohelea caudellii. O. Probezzia sabroskyi. P. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). Q. Nilobezzia curticornis. R. Johannsenomyia argentata. S. Lanatomyia miles. T. Anebomyia atripes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949174/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 30G</figureCitation>
|
||
)—D- 1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T peg-like, D-4-T seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T on single tubercle, D-3-T lateral to slightly posterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD64303CFB061D694819E591" box="[1278,1385,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Fig. 50D</figureCitation>
|
||
)—2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD64303CFC801DB54E9CE5BD" bold="true" box="[888,1004,1952,1977]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: pigmentation very light brown or just indicated by bare patches, tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe, 2 anterolateral spots, sternites not pigmented or sternites 3–7 with bare median patch; anterolateral areas not evident, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peg-like or thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed or bifid, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFEC11B114CDDE319" box="[313,429,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 75C</figureCitation>
|
||
) not strongly modified, terminal processes separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFC521B324966E344" box="[938,1046,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 50" captionStartId="295.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[188,1410,222,1948]" captionTargetId="figure-53@295.[179,1410,213,1952]" captionTargetPageId="295" captionText="FIGURE 50. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Atyphohelea macroneura. B. Parabezzia huberti. C. Echinohelea lanei. D. Clinohelea currei. E. Heteromyia wokei. F. Pellucidomyia leei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949226/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 50D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with 7–8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFEE01B7A4C09E38C" box="[280,377,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="308.[151,250,1984,2006]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,199,1959]" captionTargetId="figure-56@308.[166,1420,193,1963]" captionTargetPageId="308" captionText="FIGURE 63. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Echinohelea lanei (reconstructed from distorted specimen). B. Clinohelea unimaculata. C. Heteromyia wokei." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949276" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949276/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 63B</figureCitation>
|
||
)—D-2-IV peg-like seta, D-3-IV seta, D-2-IV on bifid tubercle, D-3-IV on short tubercle; D-5- IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV, D-9-IV short setae; D-5-IV on single tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on single bifid tubercle or separate but closely approximated, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5- IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short seta on pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV short setae on elongate tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV short setae on bifid tubercles, all closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFB461831486FE039" box="[1214,1311,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="320.[151,250,1792,1814]" captionTargetBox="[220,1359,193,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-191@320.[210,1379,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="320" captionText="FIGURE 75. Abdominal segments 9. A. Parabezzia huberti, female, in ventral view (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a). B. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b). C. Clinohelea bimaculata, female, in ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Heteromyia wokei, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). E. Heteromyia wokei, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). F. Heteromyia clavata, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1977). G. Pellucidomyia leei, male, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). H. Pellucidomyia geari, male, in ventral view (from de Meillon & Wirth 1981). I. Dibezzia debenhamae, male, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Hebetula tonnoiri, female, in dorsal view (from Elson-Harris 1987). K. Jenkinshelea albaria, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). L. Jenkinshelea albaria, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth & Grogan 1979)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949320" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949320/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 75C</figureCitation>
|
||
)—with D- 5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303DFF3F187949A8E0C9" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F187949A8E0C9" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF3F18794F15E081" bold="true" box="[199,613,620,645]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
|
||
: The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFD0418794E07E081" box="[764,887,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFD0418794E07E081" box="[764,887,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Clinohelea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from 40 species from every Region worldwide (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFED9189A4CB4E0AC" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[289,452,655,680]" genus="Borkent" pageId="75" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFED9189A4CB4E0AC" author="Borkent" box="[289,452,655,680]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Immatures are known from the margins of streams, fens, seepage area into a lake, muddy margins of rice paddies, and rock pools (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFD4B18A14EA3E0C9" author="de Meillon & Wirth" box="[691,979,692,717]" firstAuthor="de Meillon" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="27 - 147" refId="ref181099" refString="De Meillon, B. & Wirth, W. W. (1991) The genera and subgenera (excluding Culicoides) of the Afrotropical Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 32, 27 - 147." type="journal article" year="1991">de Meillon & Wirth 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFC2718A149BBE0C9" author="Knausenberger" box="[991,1227,692,717]" firstAuthor="Knausenberger" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref188128" refString="Knausenberger, W. I. (1987) Contributions to the autecology and ecosystematics of immature Ceratopogonidae (Diptera), with emphasis on the tribes Heteromyiini and Sphaeromiini in the Middle Atlantic United States. Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, xxix + 729 pp." type="book" year="1987">Knausenberger 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303DFF3F18C2491AE6EC" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F18C24EC2E13C" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF3F18C24F5CE0F4" bold="true" box="[199,556,727,752]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||
: There are seven species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC9318C24E96E0F4" box="[875,998,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFC9318C24E96E0F4" box="[875,998,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Clinohelea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
known as pupae (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD65303DFB4918C24841E0F4" box="[1201,1329,727,752]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth & Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as "sp." are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFABD18C24C3BE111" author="Spinelli & Duret" firstAuthor="Spinelli" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="39 - 50" refId="ref195882" refString="Spinelli, G. R. & Duret, J. P. (1993) Las especies neotropicales de Clinohelea (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Graellsia, 49, 39 - 50." type="journal article" year="1993">Spinelli & Duret (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included the differences between the two Neotropical species known in their key to the adults.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFF6F190A4C90E13C" author="Elson-Harris & Kettle" box="[151,480,799,824]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref182490" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1986) The immature stages of some Australian Heteromyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 25, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1986. tb 01059. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Elson-Harris & Kettle (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
keyed the two known Australian species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F19514F20E60B" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFF3F19514CA5E159" author="Wirth & Grogan" box="[199,469,836,861]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 125" refId="ref184760" refString="Grogan, W. L. & Wirth, W. W. (1979) The North American predaceous midges of the genus Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 8, 1 - 125." type="journal article" year="1979">Wirth & Grogan (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated the dorsal apotome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFCAE19514E86E159" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[854,1014,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFCAE19514E86E159" box="[854,1014,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. bimaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with an excavated dorsal margin but reexamination of this species indicates that this was likely based on a damaged or misdrawn specimen.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFAAB19724CD0E1A1" author="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S." pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref182490" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1986) The immature stages of some Australian Heteromyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 25, 1 - 14. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1986. tb 01059. x" type="journal article" year="1986">Elson-Harris & Kettle (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated abdominal segment 4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFCBC19994ED6E1A1" authorityName="Debenham" authorityYear="1974" box="[836,934,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dryas">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFCBC19994ED6E1A1" box="[836,934,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. dryas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with D-7-IV in a posterior position, which would be unique within a broader group, including the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFCD519BA4EB2E1CC" box="[813,962,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC1219BA49F1E1CC" box="[1002,1153,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFB7519A449BFE1CC" box="[1165,1231,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFB0F19BA48F0E1CC" box="[1271,1408,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFF6F19C14C6CE1E9" box="[151,284,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see character 63); the species should be reexamined. They likely overlooked both D-4-IV and D-7-IV in their illustrations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE6F19ED4F39E60B" authorityName="Lee" authorityYear="1948" box="[407,585,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tasmaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFE6F19ED4F39E60B" box="[407,585,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. tasmaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F1E09491AE6EC" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFF3F1E094CDEE631" author="Elson-Harris" box="[199,430,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="267 - 275" refId="ref182295" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1990) Keys to the immature stages of some Australian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 267 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00361. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Elson-Harris (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used the enlarged base upon which DA-1-H is situated (on the dorsal apotome) to distinguish Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE5E1E2A4F4FE65C" box="[422,575,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within this region (and elsewhere), the feature does not characterize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFF6F1E714C49E679" box="[151,313,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Pellucidomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF6F1E714C49E679" box="[151,313,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Pellucidomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and therefore is not inclusive. The base is large and swollen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFBD21E7149D5E679" box="[1066,1189,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFBD21E7149D5E679" box="[1066,1189,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Clinohelea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFB4F1E714823E679" box="[1207,1363,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth & Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth & Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan & Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth & Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris & Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 20M–N</figureCitation>
|
||
) but I could not consistently use this feature to distinguish this genus from some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC111E9249F0E6A4" box="[1001,1152,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFB7F1E9C49B6E6A4" box="[1159,1222,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD65303DFAF01E9248FFE6A4" box="[1288,1423,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="266.[151,250,1837,1859]" captionTargetBox="[182,1405,192,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-122@266.[160,1419,186,1818]" captionTargetPageId="266" captionText="FIGURE 21. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Dibezzia prominens (from Mayer 1934c). B. Hebetula tonnoiri (from Elson- Harris 1987). C. Jenkinshelea albaria (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). D. Macropeza albitarsis (from Szadziewski & Dominiak, 2007). E. Mallochohelea termophila (from Spinelli 1984, modified). F. Probezzia pallida (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). G. Neobezzia fittkaui (from Ronderos et al. 2011, modified). H. Nilobezzia basispinigera (from Elson-Harris 1987). I. Nilobezzia virago (from Elson-Harris 1987). J. Johannsenomyia argentata (from Wirth & Grogan 1979). K. Lanatomyia electra (from Elson-Harris 1987). L. Anebomyia atripes (from Wirth & Grogan 1979, modified)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949136" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949136/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 21D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The strongly tapering dorsal portion of the dorsal apotome of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC9E1EB94E91E6C1" box="[870,993,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFC9E1EB94E91E6C1" box="[870,993,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Clinohelea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pointed out by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD65303DFB641EB9480FE6C1" author="Elson-Harris" box="[1180,1407,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Elson-Harris" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="267 - 275" refId="ref182295" refString="Elson-Harris, M. M. (1990) Keys to the immature stages of some Australian Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 29, 267 - 275. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1990. tb 00361. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Elson-Harris (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is distinctive within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE721EDA4F6FE6EC" box="[394,543,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Heteromyiini">Heteromyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFDC61EDA4FA5E6EC" box="[574,725,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sphaeromiini">Sphaeromiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFD231EC44E69E6EC" box="[731,793,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">s. lat.</emphasis>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFCCE1EDA4ECFE6EC" box="[822,959,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Palpomyiini">Palpomyiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFC251EDA4916E6EC" box="[989,1126,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Stenoxenini">Stenoxenini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD65303DFF3F1EE14873E799" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD65303DFF3F1EE14873E799" blockId="75.[151,1437,151,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFF3F1EE14F72E709" bold="true" box="[199,514,1268,1293]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFDEA1EE14FC1E709" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[530,689,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bimaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFDEA1EE14FC1E709" box="[530,689,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. bimaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Spruce Knob Lane, Randolph County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD65303DFAC21EE148E8E709" box="[1338,1432,1268,1293]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFF6F1F024DA2E734" box="[151,210,1303,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFF251F024C1AE734" box="[221,362,1303,1328]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1976-07-21">21-VII-1976</date>
|
||
(VPIC).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE291F0D4F4EE72B" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[465,574,1304,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curriei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFE291F0D4F4EE72B" box="[465,574,1304,1327]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. curriei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 2 pupal exuviae, 1 pupal exuviae (in glycerin),
|
||
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD65303DFBA41F0249E6E734" box="[1116,1174,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="km" value="6.0">6 km</quantity>
|
||
E of Salmon Arm, BC,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFF6F1F294D9EE751" box="[151,238,1340,1365]" name="Canada" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFF011F294C1FE751" box="[249,367,1340,1365]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1990-06-06">6-VI-1990</date>
|
||
(CNCI).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFE211F294F28E751" authorityName="Lane" authorityYear="1944" box="[473,600,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="horacioi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFE211F294F28E751" box="[473,600,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. horacioi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Pipeline Road, Gamboa, Canal Zone,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFB351F294859E757" box="[1229,1321,1340,1363]" name="Panama" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFACC1F2948ECE751" box="[1332,1436,1340,1365]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1967-07">VII-1967</date>
|
||
(MLPA).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFEF01F754CFAE773" authorityName="Macfie" authorityYear="1939" box="[264,394,1376,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFEF01F754CFAE773" box="[264,394,1376,1399]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. nigripes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1 pupal exuviae, Pipeline Road, Gamboa, Canal Zone,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFBD71F7549FBE773" box="[1071,1163,1376,1399]" name="Panama" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFB621F4A4873E77C" box="[1178,1283,1375,1400]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1967-07">VII-1967</date>
|
||
(MPLA).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD65303DFA7A1F754C53E799" baseAuthorityName="Macquart" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Clinohelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unimaculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD65303DFA7A1F754C53E799" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. unimaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 2 pupal exuviae, Severskii Donets River,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD65303DFCF91F914EBDE799" box="[769,973,1412,1437]" country="Ukraine" name="Donets'k" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Donetsk Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD65303DFC2F1F914944E799" box="[983,1076,1412,1437]" name="Ukraine" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FE62101FBD65303DFBC71F9149C3E799" box="[1087,1203,1412,1437]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1970-04-02">2-IV-1970</date>
|
||
(ZIN).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |