plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/02/75/87/027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0.xml
maintenance 4a0115ad19 added 02
2024-06-21 12:21:39 +02:00

602 lines
98 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="70061A5FAA5D4C48C84924BA371D55B7" ID-CLB-Dataset="3916" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4949051" ID-ZooBank="6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623702926238" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Borkent, Art" docDate="2014" docId="027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03879p327.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3879 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Schizonyxhelea Clastrier. Study 1984" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="66" masterDocId="FE4CFFB1BD2E3076FFF81A154D70E204" masterDocTitle="The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1699015668130" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="75230368C0FE1B8E75A9E6F89FD41AE7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AB2425AE5FE4CDE93866BAA4E4E99B64">
<mods:title id="C92CDC853326F5EF5171337D2E00D893">The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="54FC7211FB05FF61A6725B2EF7C72FF0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="824D1771F95930F0E050CE41DB2104B7">
<mods:roleTerm id="2CB0D396C8F0F1DB64B012EF93A879C6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D79D49AF38E7B132C8C3D8DE62ED64AA">Borkent, Art</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="8FD9967766EEF4D9FF2AD34063460F08">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="206269E9DCED06904DB8E8EC3A0E0FD4" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="4C84F116E79D6DA60B60884EDEA38204">
<mods:title id="A7CB1A21B4E0E41241980765D88E22BF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="33EB3AA80A0BBE168FF51A106C9A6D25">
<mods:date id="23E1270E8B69CBB31BD2936FADCF9E35">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="02D9577E9F9A9387E94AD9214C86A773" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="04A4CD93F29F66E0B5CCA98A4B1D7B54">2014-10-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="74C80BF37DBF37205011188474F8CA89" type="volume">
<mods:number id="10699761C28644BC744FF01E91D03DB3">3879</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="96B226FC9892B86366D1F542D489731E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="025DDFBC86EFF731E26AEA73F2078C84">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="AE94B56123330AEF73608CF3A1BDE504" unit="page">
<mods:start id="2048516159A4C7B902C2330706F29BBA">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4CA8AE94D305709929502428A6F2FBB6">327</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="FC7BEE96E5EC7CF3DC5B3E501DAE6E37">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5B50CC34A2B4C8BE2A50FDBDB7729065" type="CLB-Dataset">3916</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D8FB74549263E9FA07D186D773C139FA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="42B67D29B2209DD8A184E408BA89BE88" type="GBIF-Dataset">4b976ba3-1a7b-4dd5-8afb-630b7cc8a695</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="60DA29A10E20407D420B43C23A1B7753" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7521256E20090A609EC9A4F4F9BDAFF1" type="Zenodo-Dep">4949051</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="ACC36C04BE3C5EA2495B0ABAA9B4641A" type="ZooBank">6423894B-97D9-4286-ABB9-D4AF072B57FD</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5592993" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189161064" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5592993" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/027587C9BD113037FD871D4248E7E5F0" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD113049FD871D424EC3E576" box="[639,947,1879,1906]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD113049FD871D424EC3E576" blockId="63.[441,1146,1879,1939]" box="[639,947,1879,1906]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FD871D424EC3E576" ID-CoL="7DNJ" authority="Clastrier" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[639,947,1879,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FD871D424EC3E576" bold="true" box="[639,947,1879,1906]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FD871D424E4CE575" bold="true" box="[639,828,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
Clastrier
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD113049FE411D6F490AE597" box="[441,1146,1914,1939]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD113049FE411D6F490AE597" blockId="63.[441,1146,1879,1939]" box="[441,1146,1914,1939]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
(
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FE3A1D6F4F42E597" box="[450,562,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="256.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,203,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-145@256.[191,1386,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId="256" captionText="FIGURE 11. Habitus. A. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; LeRoux 1970). B. Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) crinume, female, in ventral view (from Tokunaga 1932). C. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1964). D. Atrichopogon hexastichus, male, in dorsal view (from Nielsen 1951). E. Atrichopogon wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; Linley 1988). F. Atrichopogon muelleri, sex unknown, in dorsal view, with larval exuviae on posterior of abdomen (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). G. Dasyhelea vericolor, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). H. Schizonyxhelea bulla, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Thomsen 1937)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949094/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Figs. 11H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FDC61D6F4FFAE597" box="[574,650,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">20E–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FD6D1D6F4FB6E597" box="[661,710,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">25C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FD291D6F4F8FE597" box="[721,767,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">29T</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FCF21D6F4E4CE597" box="[778,828,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">36C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FCBF1D6F4EEDE597" box="[839,925,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">44L–M</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FC511D6F4EAAE597" box="[937,986,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">49C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FC1E1D6F4967E597" box="[998,1047,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">60B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD113049FBDA1D6F4902E597" box="[1058,1138,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">74F–G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD113036FF6F1DD74C34E2D1" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD113036FF6F1DD74C34E2D1" blockId="63.[151,1436,1986,2011]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD113049FF6F1DD74C44E5DF" bold="true" box="[151,308,1986,2011]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">DIAGNOSIS</emphasis>
: Only pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD113049FE241DD74FEBE5DF" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[476,667,1986,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
with the terminal process with a posterior row of thick spines and no other thick spicules present (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FE181A824F3BE2B4" box="[480,587,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 74G</figureCitation>
); also unique in the thoracic D-1-T much more stout than the other dorsal seta (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FF2A1AA94C48E2D1" box="[210,312,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 29T</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6E3036FF3F1ACA4F7FE40C" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6E3036FF3F1ACA4F7FE40C" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FF3F1ACA4CFAE2FC" bold="true" box="[199,394,223,248]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">DESCRIPTION</emphasis>
: Habitus as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FDC21ACA4FD2E2FC" box="[570,674,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="256.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[213,1374,203,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-145@256.[191,1386,193,1810]" captionTargetPageId="256" captionText="FIGURE 11. Habitus. A. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; LeRoux 1970). B. Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) crinume, female, in ventral view (from Tokunaga 1932). C. Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) rugosa, male, in dorsal view (from Saunders 1964). D. Atrichopogon hexastichus, male, in dorsal view (from Nielsen 1951). E. Atrichopogon wirthi, female, in dorsal view (from Chan &amp; Linley 1988). F. Atrichopogon muelleri, sex unknown, in dorsal view, with larval exuviae on posterior of abdomen (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). G. Dasyhelea vericolor, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Szadziewski et al. 1997). H. Schizonyxhelea bulla, sex unknown, in dorsal view (from Thomsen 1937)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949094" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949094/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 11H</figureCitation>
. Total length =
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD6E3036FCA21ACA4972E2F3" box="[858,1026,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.675" metricValueMax="2.16" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="1.675" valueMax="2.16" valueMin="1.19">1.19–2.16 mm</quantity>
. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of face (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FBCC1B1149EDE319" box="[1076,1181,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 15D</figureCitation>
). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FE681B324F71E344" box="[400,513,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="260.[151,250,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[165,1428,181,1886]" captionTargetId="figure-103@260.[165,1429,181,1891]" captionTargetPageId="260" captionText="FIGURE 15. Anterior portion of heads. A. Culicoides denticulatus, in anteroventral view. B. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus, in anterior view. C. Brachypogon sp., in anterior view (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). D. Stilobezzia antennalis, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present. E. Allohelea japonica, in ventral view, dorsal apotome not present (distorted slide specimen). F. Atyphohelea macroneura, in ventral view, right side of head, dorsal apotome not present." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949112" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949112/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 15D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FDF41B324F4DE344" box="[524,573,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 79" captionStartId="324.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,201,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-148@324.[184,1406,195,1847]" captionTargetPageId="324" captionText="FIGURE 79. Evolution of ecdysial sutures and splits in pupal exuviae of Ceratopogonidae, head and anterior portion of thorax in ventral view. Numbers refer to character states of characters 2 and 8 in text. Red indicates ecdysial splits. A. Leptoconopinae. B. Forcipomyiinae. C. Dasyheleinae. D. Most Ceratopogonini. E. Most Ceratopogonini, Clinohelea. F. Allohelea, Atyphohelea, Parabezzia. G. Heteromyia, Pellucidomyia, Hebetula. H. most Sphaeromiini s. lat., most Palpomyiini, Paryphoconus; some Bezzia are nearly completed fused (as in Fig. 79I), with only the dorsal apotome separate, along with an ecdysial split along the base of the antenna and the dorsal thoracic split. I. Jenkinshelea, Macropeza, Mallochohelea, Probezzia, Neobezzia." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949336/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">79E</figureCitation>
); along prothoracic extension.
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FC6E1B324EA6E344" bold="true" box="[918,982,295,320]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Head</emphasis>
: Dorsal apotome (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB5D1B324843E344" box="[1189,1331,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 20E–F</figureCitation>
), without ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FF6F1B7A4D8EE38C" box="[151,254,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="258.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-99@258.[172,1416,193,1876]" captionTargetPageId="258" captionText="FIGURE 13. Anterior portion of heads and thoraces, in anterior or anterodorsal view. A. Leptoconops kerteszi, ecdysial sutures of head enhanced to show position. B. Culicoides denticulatus. C. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. D. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). E. Alluaudomyia bella, dorsal apotome absent. F. Clinohelea curriei. G. Pellucidomyia leei. H. Mallochohelea caudellii. I. Bezzia sp. (from Bolean Lake, BC, Canada)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949104/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
) separated from scutum by thin cuticle, separate from scutum upon emergence, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FCE41B814EF2E3A9" box="[796,898,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium separated medially by labrum, hypopharynx; apex of antenna (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FE941BC94CA7E3F1" box="[364,471,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 36C</figureCitation>
) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FD861BEA4E7EE01C" box="[638,782,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="265.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,189,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-141@265.[151,1436,177,1819]" captionTargetPageId="265" captionText="FIGURE 20. Dorsal apotomes, anterior view. A. Stilobezzia soror (from Mayer 1934c). B. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). C. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia pallidiventris (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). E. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981, modified). G. Serromyia sp.. H. Allohelea japonica. I. Monohelea obscura. J. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). K. Parabezzia alexanderi male (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a, modified). L. Parabezzia alexanderi female (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a, modified). M. Clinohelea dryas (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1986). N. Clinohelea tasmaniensis (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1986). O. Heteromyia wokei (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1977, modified). P. Pellucidomyia leei (from Elson-Harris &amp; Kettle 1986)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949134" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949134/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 20E–F</figureCitation>
)—1 moderately elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, no campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB521831487FE039" box="[1194,1295,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
)—2 minute setae; oculars (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FEB018524CC0E064" box="[328,432,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
)—2 elongate setae.
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FD5F18524E70E064" bold="true" box="[679,768,583,608]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Thorax</emphasis>
: Prothoracic extension (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FBD9185249FAE064" box="[1057,1162,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="270.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[178,1389,211,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-73@270.[177,1396,206,1927]" captionTargetPageId="270" captionText="FIGURE 25. Posterior portion of heads, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). C. Schizonyxhelea bulla. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen). G. Atyphohelea macroneura. H. Parabezzia huberti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949154/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 25C</figureCitation>
) wide, well-developed, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum with short tubercles, extending posteromedially, completely dividing metathorax medially (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FE05189A4F18E0AC" box="[509,616,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
); respiratory organ (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FCAE189A4E9FE0AC" box="[854,1007,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="289.[151,250,1730,1752]" captionTargetBox="[238,1376,198,1685]" captionTargetId="figure-184@289.[205,1387,192,1716]" captionTargetPageId="289" captionText="FIGURE 44. Respiratory organs, in dorsal view, pattern on tracheal tubes shown only in some. A. Alluaudomyia latipennis (from Debenham 1971). B. Alluaudomyia footei (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). C. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). D. Austrohelea campbellensis. E. Stilobezzia antennalis (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981, modified). F. Stilobezzia glauca (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). G. Stilobezzia ochracea (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). H. Stilobezzia diversa (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). I. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). J. Stilobezzia navaiae (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). K. Stilobezzia lutea (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). L. Schizonyxhelea bulla (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981, as a Stilobezzia). M. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a). N. Serromyia femorata (from Kettle &amp; Lawson 1952). O. Allohelea japonica. P.Monohelea hirsuta (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981, modified). Q. Atyphohelea macroneura (from Borkent 1998). R. Parabezzia alexanderi (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a). S. Parabezzia huberti (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a). T. Echinohelea lanei (from Wirth 1994b)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949208" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949208/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 44L–M</figureCitation>
) length/width = 4.92–7.08, elongate, slender, somewhat flattened dorsoventrally, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single row, with additional more basal pores, outer surface smooth, with moderately elongate pedicel, base with short posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ moderately elongate, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, distally with plate; wing (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB87190A4997E13C" box="[1151,1255,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 36C</figureCitation>
) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (similar to
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB3719514844E159" box="[1231,1332,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
) broadly abutting; halter apex just posterior to knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FC1919724935E184" box="[993,1093,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="281.[151,250,1950,1972]" captionTargetBox="[191,1380,204,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-61@281.[183,1402,204,1925]" captionTargetPageId="281" captionText="FIGURE 36. Legs, wings and apices of the antennae, in ventral view. A. Stilobezzia antennalis. B. Stilobezzia lutea. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica (reconstructed from distorted specimen). F. Monohelea obscura (reconstructed from distorted specimen)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949190" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949190/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 36C</figureCitation>
) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB7519994984E1A1" box="[1165,1268,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="277.[151,250,1887,1909]" captionTargetBox="[174,1419,183,1869]" captionTargetId="figure-104@277.[173,1420,183,1869]" captionTargetPageId="277" captionText="FIGURE 32. Cephalothoraces and abdominal segments 1–3, in lateral view. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops linleyi. C. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) sp. (Florida, USA). D. Atrichopogon sp. (from 6.5 km NW Enderby, BC, Canada). E. Dasyhelea sp., in anteroventral view (Herman Lake, 4 km SE Eagle Bay, BC, Canada). F. Dasyhelea oppresa. G. Culicoides denticulatus. H. Ceratopogon nr. abstrusus. I. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). J. Alluaudomyia bella. K. Baeodasymyia michaeli. L. Stilobezzia antennalis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949182/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 32L</figureCitation>
); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally; sensilla: anteromedials—2 setae, 1 thicker than other; anterolaterals—3 setae; dorsal setae (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FBC319C149EFE1E9" box="[1083,1183,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="274.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[165,1429,184,1785]" captionTargetId="figure-146@274.[165,1430,181,1801]" captionTargetPageId="274" captionText="FIGURE 29. Dorsal setae from left side of thoraces. A. Austroconops mcmillani. B. Leptoconops kerteszi. C. Leptoconops linleyi. D. Forcipomyia (Euprojoannisia) sp. (from Peru). E. Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) bipunctata. F. Forcipomyia (Phytohelea) n. sp. nr. antiguensis. G. Atrichopogon sp. (from Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada). H. Dasyhelea paracincta. I. Dasyhelea atlantis. J. Dasyhelea pseudoincisurata. K. Culicoides haematopotus. L. Culicoides phlebotomus. M. Paradasyhelea albipunctata. N. Ceratopogon boomerangus. O. Brachypogon sp. (from 6 km E. Falkland, BC, Canada). P. Alluaudomyia needhami. Q. Baeodasymyia christopheri (from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). R. Austrohelea campbellensis. S. Stilobezzia antennalis. T. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949172" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949172/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 29T</figureCitation>
)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4- T setae with D-1-T stouter than others, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-5-T absent, D-3-T posteromedial to D-4- T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FCE41E094EF4E631" box="[796,900,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
)—1 seta, 2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax.
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FE001E2A4F1CE65C" bold="true" box="[504,620,1087,1112]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Abdomen</emphasis>
: without pigmentation pattern, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with slightly rounded to pointed, or serrate short tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FC391E924922E6A4" box="[961,1106,1159,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 74F–G</figureCitation>
) with two dorsomedial short tubercles, one anterior to other, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex, with posterior row of spines; sensilla: tergite 1 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FB3D1EDA485AE6EC" box="[1221,1322,1231,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="294.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[190,1406,216,1939]" captionTargetId="figure-60@294.[181,1412,210,1949]" captionTargetPageId="294" captionText="FIGURE 49. Metathoraces and tergites 1, in dorsal view. A. Austrohelea campbellensis. B. Stilobezzia antennalis. C. Schizonyxhelea forattinii. D. Serromyia sp.. E. Allohelea japonica. F. Monohelea obscura." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949224/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 49C</figureCitation>
) with 3, 5 setae, 2–3 campaniform sensilla, including 1 lateral sensillum, 1 seta close, D-7-I situated posteriorly near D-8-I; segment 4 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FEEF1F024C09E734" box="[279,377,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 60" captionStartId="305.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[194,1405,214,1943]" captionTargetId="figure-51@305.[184,1415,208,1947]" captionTargetPageId="305" captionText="FIGURE 60. Abdominal segments four, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). A. Stilobezzia rabelloi (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). B. Schizonyxhelea forattinii (from Borkent 2000a, modified). C. Serromyia sp." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949264" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949264/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Fig. 60B</figureCitation>
)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV short setae on serrate tubercles; D-5-IV barely visible short seta (or perhaps a campaniform sensillum), D-8-IV, D-9-IV short seta; D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on short, serrate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-7-IV, D-8- IV; L-1-IV short seta, on pointed tubercle, well anterior of posterior lateral setae; L-2-IV, L-3-IV short setae, L-4- IV thick seta on serrate tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV moderately elongate setae on serrate tubercles; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (
<figureCitation id="12E72A5ABD6E3036FD2D1FD94E18E7E1" box="[725,872,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="319.[151,250,1737,1759]" captionTargetBox="[224,1348,183,1717]" captionTargetId="figure-195@319.[222,1356,183,1717]" captionTargetPageId="319" captionText="FIGURE 74. Abdominal segments 9. A. Baeodasymyia michaeli, female, in dorsal view (modified from Borkent &amp; Craig 1999). B. Austrohelea campbellensis, female, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). C. Stilobezzia lutea, male, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). D. Stilobezzia lutea, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). E. Stilobezzia rabelloi, male, in ventral view (from Borkent &amp; Craig 2001). F. Schizonyxhelea bulla, female, in dorsal and ventral view (from Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981). G. Schizonyxhelea forattinii, female, in ventral view (from Borkent 2000a). H. Serromyia sp., female (in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). I. Allohelea japonica, female, in dorsal and ventral view (shagreen not shown). J. Monohelea obscura, male, in dorsal and ventral view (reconstructed from distorted specimen, shagreen not shown). K. Atyphohelea macroneura, female, in dorsal view (from Borkent 1998). L. Parabezzia huberti, male, in ventral view (from Grogan &amp; Wirth 1977a)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4949316" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4949316/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Figs. 74F–G</figureCitation>
)—with D-5-IX campaniform sensillum, D-6-IX possibly absent (not discernable).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6E3036FF3F1C014E7BE4B9" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6E3036FF3F1C014E7BE4B9" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FF3F1C014F12E429" bold="true" box="[199,610,1556,1581]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT</emphasis>
: The genus
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FD0F1C014ED4E429" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[759,932,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FD0F1C014ED4E429" box="[759,932,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from nine species from the New World and Oriental Regions (
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FE161C224FFFE454" author="Borkent" box="[494,655,1591,1616]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
, additions below).
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FC961C224910E454" box="[878,1120,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FC961C224910E454" box="[878,1120,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizonyxhelea bulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been reared from mud from the margins of a bog, from the grassy margin of a marsh and from mud, pond weeds and
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FB561C494854E471" box="[1198,1316,1628,1653]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FB561C494854E471" box="[1198,1316,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Sphagnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FACA1C494DA2E49C" author="Thomsen" firstAuthor="Thomsen" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref197679" refString="Thomsen, L. C. (1937) Aquatic Diptera Part V. Ceratopogonidae. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir, 210, 57 - 80, pls. 10 - 18." type="journal article" year="1937">Thomsen 1937</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FF181C6A4C94E49C" author="Wirth &amp; Grogan" box="[224,484,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="201 - 206" refId="ref184806" refString="Grogan, W. L. &amp; Wirth, W. W. (1981) A new genus of predaceous midges of the tribe Sphaeromiini from Thailand (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 23, 201 - 206." type="journal article" year="1981">Wirth &amp; Grogan 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FE021C6A4FC5E49C" author="Borkent" box="[506,693,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="862 - 868" refId="ref177024" refString="Borkent, A. (2000 a) The larva and pupa of Schizonyxhelea forattinii Wirth &amp; Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 862 - 868." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Borkent (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
found a larva of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FC7C1C954977E49C" authorityName=", Borkent" authorityYear="2000" box="[900,1031,1663,1688]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="forattinii">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FC7C1C954977E49C" box="[900,1031,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. forattinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in wet mud in a small seep which flowed into the outflow of a larger spring in
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6E3036FD711CB14E76E4B9" box="[649,774,1700,1725]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6E3037FF3F1CD24E14E797" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6E3036FF3F1CD2482DE549" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FF3F1CD24F5BE4E4" bold="true" box="[199,555,1735,1760]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION</emphasis>
: This genus previously included only two Neotropical species (
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FB0F1CD248E5E4E4" author="Borkent" box="[1271,1429,1735,1760]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref177229" refString="Borkent, A. (2014) World Species of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Available from: http: // www. inhs. illinois. edu / research / FLYTREE / Borkent. html (accessed 20 May 2014)" type="url" year="2014">Borkent 2014</bibRefCitation>
) (
<tableCitation id="C75E0364BD6E3036FF661CF94C51E501" box="[158,289,1772,1797]" captionStart-0="TABLE 2" captionStart-1="TABLE 3" captionStartId-0="174.[147,245,486,512]" captionStartId-1="242.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1771,751,1679]" captionTargetBox-1="[159,1428,341,1978]" captionTargetPageId-0="174" captionTargetPageId-1="242" captionText-0="TABLE 2. References to species of Ceratopogonidae described as eggs, larvae and/or pupae. Species studied as pupae in the current study have their name highlighted in bold font. Stages studied are referred to as 'E' for egg, 'L' for larva and 'P' for pupa. Taxa are arrangement phyletically by subfamily and tribe (some of which are paraphyletic) and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically. Subfamilies are abbreviated as follows: Lept.— Leptoconopinae, Forc.—Forcipomyiinae, Dasy.—Dasyheleinae, Cera.—Ceratopogoninae. References highlighted in bold font are those with SEM photomicrographs. Theses are cited only when their results have not been published. Duplicated figures or repeated descriptions by subsequent authors are not listed here. Fossil taxa are identified with a cross (†). The species name in bold indicates only that named material of the pupa was studied, not that the cited author's specimens were reexamined (although in many instances they were). The larva of Jenkinshelea albaria was tentatively associated by Wirth &amp; Grogan 1979 (not reared); see discussion by Knausenberger, 1987:248." captionText-1="TABLE 3. Number of named extant species with described immatures for genera of Ceratopogonidae (taxa of uncertain identity or identified only as &quot;sp.&quot; are not included). Only genera with at least one immature stage known are listed. Percentages of described species within that genus are those for which those stages are known. Number of named species from Borkent (2014), with a few additions as noted in the Taxonomic Discussion under some genera. Taxa are arranged phyletically by subfamily and tribe and within tribes genera are listed alphabetically." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid-0="DEA36657BD8030D8FF6B1BF34923E0EC" tableUuid-1="DEA36657BDDC3084FF6F1A8D496DE336">Tables 2–3</tableCitation>
). In his description of the larva and pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FCCA1CF949F2E501" authority=", Borkent (2000 a)" authorityName=", Borkent" authorityYear="2000" box="[818,1154,1772,1797]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="forattinii">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FCCA1CF94EC6E501" box="[818,950,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. forattinii</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6E3036FC3E1CF949F2E501" author="Borkent" box="[966,1154,1772,1797]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="862 - 868" refId="ref177024" refString="Borkent, A. (2000 a) The larva and pupa of Schizonyxhelea forattinii Wirth &amp; Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 862 - 868." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Borkent (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
pointed out the striking similarities especially between the pupae of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FD541D1A49EAE52C" authority="Wirth &amp; Grogan" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[684,1178,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FD541D1A4EB9E52C" box="[684,969,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizonyxhelea forattinii</emphasis>
Wirth &amp; Grogan
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FB251D1A4C51E549" authority="Thomsen. A" authorityName="Thomsen. A" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FB251D1A48ECE52C" box="[1245,1436,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Stilobezzia bulla</emphasis>
Thomsen. A
</taxonomicName>
number of these are here interpreted as synapomorphies of the genus (characters 24, 54, 76, 79).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6E3037FF3F1D4248F6E2FC" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="65.[151,1436,151,608]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Nearly all male
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FE771D424F4CE574" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[399,572,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FE771D424F4CE574" box="[399,572,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a unique and distinctive transverse band of cuticle ventral to the parameres (at about midlength), that is clearly a synapomorphy of the genus. It is uncertain what this structure is, considering that it is likely that a very reduced set of more ventrally located small sclerites is homologous to the aedeagus of other
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FE9F1DD14F5AE5D9" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[359,554,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ceratopogonidae</taxonomicName>
. The male of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6E3036FD3F1DD14E38E5D9" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[711,840,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6E3036FD3F1DD14E38E5D9" box="[711,840,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">S. forattinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks the ventral transverse band of cuticle but does have a pair of broad extensions from the midlength of the gonocoxites which extend dorsally to the parameres and overlap medially. A further synapomorphy of all species examined here is the reduced set of small sclerites making up the aedeagus. Some other adult features may be synapomorphies (
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FC641ACA4935E2FC" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[924,1093,223,248]" genus="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FC641ACA4935E2FC" author="Borkent" box="[924,1093,223,248]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="862 - 868" refId="ref177024" refString="Borkent, A. (2000 a) The larva and pupa of Schizonyxhelea forattinii Wirth &amp; Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 862 - 868." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Borkent 2000a</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) but further study is needed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1B1149EDE038" blockId="65.[151,1436,151,608]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Historically, the shape of the claws of female adults has been used as a primary character to identify and recognize genera. The females of the two species originally placed in
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FC511B324926E344" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[937,1110,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC511B324926E344" box="[937,1110,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FB9E1B3D4996E344" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[1126,1254,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB9E1B3D4996E344" box="[1126,1254,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. forattinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FB0C1B3D4813E344" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityYear="1984" box="[1268,1379,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyana">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB0C1B3D4813E344" box="[1268,1379,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. guyana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) had equal claws on each leg, a single, bent spermatheca and reduced wing venation. The additional species recognized here have single claws on each leg (with a basal tooth) and are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FB901B7A4990E38C" box="[1128,1248,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB901B7A4990E38C" box="[1128,1248,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with two welldeveloped spermathecae and wings with two radial cells. I have examined a female from
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FB6A1B81487DE3A9" box="[1170,1293,404,429]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
which has a wing venation identical to those of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FDD21BAD4FDCE3D4" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[554,684,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FDD21BAD4FDCE3D4" box="[554,684,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. forattinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD1C1BAD4E25E3D4" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityYear="1984" box="[740,853,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyana">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD1C1BAD4E25E3D4" box="[740,853,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. guyana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but has single claws and two spermathecae. I have examined other, non-related,
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FE251BC94F26E3F1" box="[477,598,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE251BC94F26E3F1" box="[477,598,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with equal claws and the same variation occurs, for example, in
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FAD01BC94CB2E01C" authority="(Borkent &amp; Bissett 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Borkent &amp; Bissett" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Serromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FAD01BC948ECE3F7" box="[1320,1436,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Serromyia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FF661BEA4CC9E01C" author="Borkent &amp; Bissett" box="[158,441,511,536]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="153 - 217" refId="ref177274" refString="Borkent, A. &amp; Bissett B. (1990) A revision of the Holarctic species of Serromyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Systematic Entomology, 15, 153 - 217. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1990. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1990">Borkent &amp; Bissett 1990</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FDFA1BEA4FEFE01C" box="[514,671,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Alluaudomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FDFA1BEA4FEFE01C" box="[514,671,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Alluaudomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pers. obs. unnamed species). Clearly, single or equal claws are variable within these genera and should be used with caution in distinguishing other genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1852487FE064" blockId="65.[151,1436,151,608]" box="[199,1295,583,608]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">On the basis of the distinctive male genitalia and pupal synapomorphies, this genus now includes:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F189A494EE0C9" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F189A4E4EE0AC" authority="(Das Gupta &amp; Wirth), 1968: 28" baseAuthorityName="Das Gupta &amp; Wirth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="28" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[151,830,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicostalis">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F189A4CA8E0AC" box="[151,472,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea brevicostalis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE27189A4C98E0AC" bold="true" box="[479,488,655,680]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
Das Gupta &amp; Wirth), 1968: 28
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FCB6189A4EB6E0AC" box="[846,966,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FCB6189A4EB6E0AC" box="[846,966,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC26189A4938E0AC" box="[990,1096,655,680]" name="Malaysia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBAB189A486FE0AC" bold="true" box="[1107,1311,655,680]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FBAB189A486FE0AC" box="[1107,1311,655,680]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F18A14FF5E0C9" authority="(Thomsen), 1935: 289" baseAuthorityName="Thomsen" baseAuthorityPageNumber="289" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[151,645,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F18A14CF4E0C9" box="[151,388,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea bulla</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE7318A14CE4E0C9" bold="true" box="[395,404,692,717]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
Thomsen), 1935: 289
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD6D18A14E7DE0C9" box="[661,781,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD6D18A14E7DE0C9" box="[661,781,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FCDC18A14E2FE0C9" box="[804,863,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC9318A1494EE0C9" bold="true" box="[875,1086,692,717]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">new combination.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F18C249B1E0EB" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,1217,727,752]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F18C24F97E0F4" authority="(Lane &amp; Forattini), 1958: 208" baseAuthorityName="Lane &amp; Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="208" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[151,743,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caribe">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F18C24CE2E0F4" box="[151,402,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea caribe</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE6118C24CD2E0F4" bold="true" box="[409,418,727,752]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
Lane &amp; Forattini), 1958: 208
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD0F18C24E1FE0F4" box="[759,879,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD0F18C24E1FE0F4" box="[759,879,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC7E18CD4E92E0EB" box="[902,994,728,751]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC1518C249C9E0F4" bold="true" box="[1005,1209,727,752]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FC1518C249C9E0F4" box="[1005,1209,727,752]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F18E949ADE117" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,1245,764,789]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F18E94E72E111" authority="(Lane &amp; Forattini), 1958: 209" baseAuthorityName="Lane &amp; Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="209" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[151,770,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diminuta">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F18E94CDEE111" box="[151,430,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea diminuta</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE4C18E94CCDE111" bold="true" box="[436,445,764,789]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
Lane &amp; Forattini), 1958: 209
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FCEB18E94EFBE111" box="[787,907,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FCEB18E94EFBE111" box="[787,907,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC5B18E94E8FE117" box="[931,1023,764,787]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBF118E949A5E111" bold="true" box="[1033,1237,764,789]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FBF118E949A5E111" box="[1033,1237,764,789]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F190A4E47E13C" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,823,799,824]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F190A4F90E13C" authority="Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 81" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Grogan" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,736,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F190A4CDEE13C" box="[151,430,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea forattinii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FE4D190A4F90E13C" author="Wirth &amp; Grogan" box="[437,736,799,824]" firstAuthor="Wirth" page="81" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref199913" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Grogan, W. L. (1988) The predaceous midges of the world (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae; Tribe Ceratopogonini). Flora and Fauna Handbook 4, xv + 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1988">Wirth &amp; Grogan, 1988: 81</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD13190A4E43E13C" box="[747,819,799,824]" name="Brazil" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F19514E51E159" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,801,836,861]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19514F19E159" authority="Clastrier, 1984: 2" authorityName="Clastrier" authorityPageNumber="2" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,617,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guyana">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19514CEDE158" box="[151,413,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea guyana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FE5C19514F19E159" author="Clastrier" box="[420,617,836,861]" firstAuthor="Clastrier" page="2" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="1 - 4" refId="ref179701" refString="Clastrier, J. (1984) Schizonyxhelea guyana n. g., n. sp. de la Guyane Francaise (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Revue Francaise d'Entomologie, 6, 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1984">Clastrier, 1984: 2</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD8C19514E6DE159" box="[628,797,836,861]" name="French Guiana" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F197249A3E17B" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,1235,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19724F89E184" authority="(Lane &amp; Forattini), 1958: 216" baseAuthorityName="Lane &amp; Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="216" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[151,761,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscura">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19724CD4E184" box="[151,420,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea obscura</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE5419724CC5E184" bold="true" box="[428,437,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
Lane &amp; Forattini), 1958: 216
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FCF219724EF2E184" box="[778,898,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FCF219724EF2E184" box="[778,898,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC61197D4E85E17B" box="[921,1013,872,895]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBF8197249BCE184" bold="true" box="[1024,1228,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FBF8197249BCE184" box="[1024,1228,871,896]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F19994936E1CC" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19994E53E1A1" authority="(Lane &amp; Forattini), 1958: 218" baseAuthorityName="Lane &amp; Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="218" baseAuthorityYear="1958" box="[151,803,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19994CBFE1A0" box="[151,463,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea panamensis</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE2D19994CAEE1A1" bold="true" box="[469,478,908,933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
Lane &amp; Forattini), 1958: 218
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FCCC19994EDCE1A1" box="[820,940,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FCCC19994EDCE1A1" box="[820,940,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC3B1999496FE1A7" box="[963,1055,908,931]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBD219994986E1A1" bold="true" box="[1066,1270,908,933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FBD219994986E1A1" box="[1066,1270,908,933]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19BA4FFCE1CC" authority="(Wirth), 1953: 83" baseAuthorityName="Wirth" baseAuthorityPageNumber="83" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[151,652,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomsenae">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19BA4CB2E1CC" box="[151,450,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea thomsenae</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FE3119BA4CA2E1CC" bold="true" box="[457,466,943,968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">(</emphasis>
Wirth), 1953: 83
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD6519BA4E65E1CC" box="[669,789,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD6519BA4E65E1CC" box="[669,789,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FCD519BA4E18E1CC" box="[813,872,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC8B19BA4936E1CC" bold="true" box="[883,1094,943,968]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">new combination.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF6F19C149CCE1EF" blockId="65.[151,1318,655,1005]" box="[151,1212,980,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F19C14F92E1E9" authority="(Lane &amp; Forattini), 1961: 92" baseAuthorityName="Lane &amp; Forattini" baseAuthorityPageNumber="92" baseAuthorityYear="1961" box="[151,738,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutata">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F19C14CEBE1E8" box="[151,411,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea scutata</emphasis>
(Lane &amp; Forattini), 1961: 92
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD0A19C14E1AE1E9" box="[754,874,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD0A19C14E1AE1E9" box="[754,874,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC7A19C14EAEE1EF" box="[898,990,980,1003]" name="Panama" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC1019C149C4E1E9" bold="true" box="[1000,1204,980,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A39B57B6BD6F3037FC1019C149C4E1E9" box="[1000,1204,980,1005]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" rank="species">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1E0349BAE6BA" blockId="65.[151,1436,1046,2036]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FF3F1E034C2EE62B" author="Harris" box="[199,350,1046,1071]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refId="ref185252" refString="Harris, M. M. (1981) The immature stages of some Australian non bloodsucking Ceratopogoninae Newman. M. Sc. thesis, University of Queensland, xviii + 344 pp." type="book" year="1981">Harris (1981)</bibRefCitation>
described seven species of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD6C1E034E7CE62B" box="[660,780,1046,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD6C1E034E7CE62B" box="[660,780,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FCA81E034ECAE62B" box="[848,954,1046,1071]" name="Australia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Her species 6 is a
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FB761E03484AE62B" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[1166,1338,1046,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB761E03484AE62B" box="[1166,1338,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Schizonyxhelea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with its characteristic features (i.e. thoracic sensilla D-1-T short and stout, distribution of abdominal 4 sensilla with each on a serrate tubercle, posteromedial margin of terminal process with row of spines). I have also examined a reared series of an unnamed species from
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FDDD1E974F2BE69D" box="[549,603,1154,1177]" name="Laos" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Laos</collectingCountry>
and there are a number of unnamed species (based on adults) from
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FAA41E944DBEE6BA" name="Costa Rica" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. Clearly the genus is more diverse and broadly distributed than was previously recognized.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1EDC4E14E797" blockId="65.[151,1436,1046,2036]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FF3F1EDC4CA5E6E6" author="Wirth &amp; Grogan" box="[199,469,1225,1250]" firstAuthor="Wirth" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="201 - 206" refId="ref184806" refString="Grogan, W. L. &amp; Wirth, W. W. (1981) A new genus of predaceous midges of the tribe Sphaeromiini from Thailand (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Pacific Insects, 23, 201 - 206." type="journal article" year="1981">Wirth &amp; Grogan (1981)</bibRefCitation>
described the pupa of
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD241EDF4E43E6E6" box="[732,819,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD241EDF4E43E6E6" box="[732,819,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. bulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as a
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FC821EDC4E82E6E6" box="[890,1010,1225,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FC821EDC4E82E6E6" box="[890,1010,1225,1250]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) but did not describe or illustrate the posterior row of spines which are actually present on the terminal process.
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FC0F1EF949C2E701" authority="Borkent, 2014" authorityName="Borkent" authorityYear="2014" box="[1015,1202,1260,1285]" genus="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="92" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<bibRefCitation id="EE4D4B2EBD6F3037FC0F1EF949C2E701" author="Borkent" box="[1015,1202,1260,1285]" firstAuthor="Borkent" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" pagination="862 - 868" refId="ref177024" refString="Borkent, A. (2000 a) The larva and pupa of Schizonyxhelea forattinii Wirth &amp; Grogan (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) with a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102, 862 - 868." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">Borkent (2000a)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
missed CL-1-H and CL-2-H on the mouthparts of the pupa as well as D-9-IV on abdominal segment 4 (the single specimen was dirty).
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF6F1F214F39E749" authority="Das Gupta &amp; Wirth" authorityName="Das Gupta &amp; Wirth" box="[151,585,1332,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="insolita">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF6F1F214C19E749" box="[151,361,1332,1357]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia insolita</emphasis>
Das Gupta &amp; Wirth
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD741F214F83E749" box="[652,755,1332,1357]" name="Malaysia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
is known only as a female but it has a reduced wing venation and an apically swollen and basally curved spermatheca, all similar to some
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FBEE1F4D4987E76B" box="[1046,1271,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FBEE1F4D49B3E775" authorityName="Clastrier. Study" authorityYear="1984" box="[1046,1219,1368,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Schizonyxhelea</taxonomicName>
(e.g
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FAF11F4D48FCE775" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[1289,1420,1368,1393]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FAF11F4D48FCE775" box="[1289,1420,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. forattinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, until further study, this species remains in
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FD1C1F694E2CE791" box="[740,860,1404,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Stilobezzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FD1C1F694E2CE791" box="[740,860,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Stilobezzia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C2C66554BD6F3037FF3F1F8A48E7E5F0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8A6336DFBD6F3037FF3F1F8A48E7E5F0" blockId="65.[151,1436,1046,2036]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FF3F1F8A4F70E7BC" bold="true" box="[199,512,1439,1464]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">MATERIAL EXAMINED</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FDF71FB54F14E7BC" box="[527,612,1439,1464]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bulla">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FDF71FB54F14E7BC" box="[527,612,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. bulla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae, Algonquin Park, Ontario,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBAB1F8A49DAE7BC" box="[1107,1194,1439,1464]" name="Canada" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Canada</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FB4C1F8A485AE7BC" box="[1204,1322,1439,1464]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1960-06-08">8-VI-1960</date>
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Rescue Center, Prince George’s County, Maryland,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBF51FD64938E7D8" box="[1037,1096,1475,1500]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FBAC1FD649BCE7D8" box="[1108,1228,1475,1500]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1976-05-17">17-V-1976</date>
(USNM); 2 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FE191FF24F28E404" box="[481,600,1511,1536]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1976-06-04">4-VI-1976</date>
(USNM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality (WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Allegany State Park,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FE7D1C1E4C8BE420" box="[389,507,1547,1572]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FDFF1C1E4F32E420" box="[519,578,1547,1572]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FDB51C1E4FB5E420" box="[589,709,1547,1572]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-05-28">28-V-1963</date>
(WLGC); 2 pupal exuviae, McLean Reserve, Tompkins County,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FF6F1C3A4C7EE443" box="[151,270,1582,1607]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FEE21C3B4C25E443" box="[282,341,1582,1607]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FE9A1C3B4C96E443" box="[354,486,1582,1607]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-06-18">18-VI-1963</date>
(WLGC); 1 pupal exuviae, Bergen Swamp, Genesee County,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FB541C3A4853E443" box="[1196,1315,1582,1607]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FAD71C3B481AE443" box="[1327,1386,1582,1607]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FA8F1C3B4D85E46F" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-06-14">14- VI-1963</date>
(WLGC); 2 pupal exuviae, Research Station Pond, Newcomb,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FC3D1C46494CE46F" box="[965,1084,1618,1643]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBB01C4749F3E46F" box="[1096,1155,1618,1643]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FB771C474863E46F" box="[1167,1299,1618,1643]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1958-06-30">30-VI-1958</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Meadow Hole, E. Berne,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FD951C624F96E48B" box="[621,742,1654,1679]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD0B1C634E5EE48B" box="[755,814,1654,1679]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FCC31C634EB0E48B" box="[827,960,1654,1679]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-06-29">29-VI-1963</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Wet Meadow Hole, E. Berne,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FEB41C8F4CB2E4B6" box="[332,450,1689,1714]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FE361C8C4F79E4B6" box="[462,521,1689,1714]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FDEC1C8C4FE8E4B6" box="[532,664,1689,1714]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-06-24">24-VI-1963</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Mitchell’s Meadow Pool, E. Berne,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FA9F1C8F4DA1E4D2" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FF1B1CA84C6EE4D2" box="[227,286,1725,1750]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FEC81CA84CCEE4D2" box="[304,446,1725,1750]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1963-07-29">29-VII-1963</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Lake Jimmy, Tahawus,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FBC31CAB49C8E4D2" box="[1083,1208,1725,1750]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FB331CA84876E4D2" box="[1227,1286,1725,1750]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FAE01CA848ECE4D2" box="[1304,1436,1725,1750]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1959-06-24">24-VI-1959</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Mud Pond Outlet, Blue Mountain Lake,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FC691CF74977E4FE" box="[913,1031,1761,1786]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBEB1CF4493EE4FE" box="[1043,1102,1761,1786]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FBA11CF449BFE4FE" box="[1113,1231,1761,1786]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1959-06-08">8-VI-1959</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae,
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FF061D104FDFE51A" authority="Bog, Blue Mountain Lake" authorityName="Bog, Blue Mountain Lake" box="[254,687,1797,1822]" class="Sphagnopsida" family="Sphagnaceae" genus="Sphagnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphagnales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="genus">Sphagnum Bog, Blue Mountain Lake</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FD451D104E45E51A" box="[701,821,1797,1822]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FCBA1D104E0DE51A" box="[834,893,1797,1822]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FC731D104971E51A" box="[907,1025,1797,1822]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1959-06-07">7-VI-1959</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Salmon River, Blue Mountain Lake,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FE231D3C4F22E545" box="[475,594,1832,1857]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">New York</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FDA61D3D4FE9E545" box="[606,665,1832,1857]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FD5D1D3D4E6BE545" box="[677,795,1832,1857]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1959-06-08">8-VI-1959</date>
(NYSM); 1 pupal exuviae, Beartown Mt. Bog,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FAC21D3D48E8E545" box="[1338,1432,1832,1857]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Virginia</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FF6F1D594C5EE561" box="[151,302,1868,1893]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1977-08-16">16-VIII-1977</date>
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Flag Glade, Pocahontas County,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FC1C1D594932E561" box="[996,1090,1868,1893]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Virginia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FBA91D5949FCE561" box="[1105,1164,1868,1893]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FB631D59486EE561" box="[1179,1310,1868,1893]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1976-06-24">24-VI-1976</date>
(VPIC); 1 pupal exuviae, Jefferson Nt. Forest, Little Meadows, Giles County,
<collectingRegion id="4818F83DBD6F3037FC711D654E97E58D" box="[905,999,1904,1929]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Virginia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FC0A1D65495DE58D" box="[1010,1069,1904,1929]" name="United States of America" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FBC01D6549DEE58D" box="[1080,1198,1904,1929]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1976-09-06">6-IX-1976</date>
(VPIC).
<taxonomicName id="4DDC4D5CBD6F3037FAED1D6548E4E58D" authorityName="Wirth &amp; Grogan" authorityYear="1988" box="[1301,1428,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Schizonyxhelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="forattinii">
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FAED1D6548E4E58D" box="[1301,1428,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. forattinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 1 pupal exuviae,
<quantity id="4D249B3ABD6F3037FEA01D814CE2E5A9" box="[344,402,1940,1965]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
NE Tarcoles,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FDCC1D814FC2E5A9" box="[564,690,1940,1965]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FD461D814E3CE5A9" box="[702,844,1940,1965]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1993-12-17">17-XII-1993</date>
(reared from larva) (CNCI).
<emphasis id="B8A8EACDBD6F3037FB6E1D8149D4E5AF" box="[1174,1188,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S</emphasis>
. sp.: 1 pupal exuviae, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FD941DAD4FD5E5CB" box="[620,677,1976,1999]" name="Laos" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FD4B1DA24E5CE5D4" box="[691,812,1975,2000]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1967-02-22">22-II-1967</date>
(BPBM); 1 pupal exuviae, as previous locality,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FAA31DA24DBFE5F0" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1967-02-19">19-II- 1967</date>
(BPBM); 5 pupal exuviae, Ban Na Tak, Moung Sayaboury, Sayaboury Province,
<collectingCountry id="F2CB764FBD6F3037FB9C1DC949EDE5F7" box="[1124,1181,2012,2035]" name="Laos" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Laos</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FE62101FBD6F3037FB501DCE4857E5F0" box="[1192,1319,2011,2036]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1967-12-09">9-XII-1967</date>
(BPBM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink