328 lines
37 KiB
XML
328 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="9992FBE8F087468FF6DF15D8CE4DAEE4" ID-CLB-Dataset="28026" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4512.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26e12e1b-2175-4007-871b-d0b73122e5e9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2607575" ID-ZooBank="E752FB7B-F34C-4D12-B8A2-EA6C791DD6C7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553586644813" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kaiser, Christine M., Kaiser, Hinrich & O’Shea, Mark" docDate="2018" docId="C80EBE29FFEDFFDCFF75FED00BEBF833" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4512.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4512 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stegonotus reticulatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="3437C651FFC7FFF6FFE2FE470F12FFFE" masterDocTitle="The taxonomic history of Indo-Papuan groundsnakes, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Colubridae), with some taxonomic revisions and the designation of a neotype for S. parvus (Meyer, 1874)" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698713152511" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="A3965394E9C1C7E64E848F3D7FCB6053" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="63CC552C9187B15581804D6753B32AE4">
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<mods:title id="9AA8C8693E716EBFFCB41F405170F3E4">The taxonomic history of Indo-Papuan groundsnakes, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Colubridae), with some taxonomic revisions and the designation of a neotype for S. parvus (Meyer, 1874)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="75B5FA6E5020BF938BB3B12D542A23BD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4A244F21A780B14A6664A565D7CDD244">Kaiser, Christine M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9AD60E465722258ACF4AA70446F8D995">Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D14A70D1FEE877A1EB50540FC22C6A73">O’Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6DC2BE6866C79470A12D28249C41A45B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="67ECE431CA98692542C7AE9EE18FF7E7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="53EAADFA1769700AADA11EA0D4C36C0A">
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<mods:date id="661A57F197C7948B35B8BB53382CE7E7">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E4B88DAFA6EC0A5378A9F46D6A8761B7">2018-11-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="F04310CBAE11A1FACAAEE81D9470158C">4512</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="36AD6A1062CFBE29BE4C185A982D91A6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4512.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C80EBE29FFEDFFDCFF75FED00BEBF833" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5997403" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154496321" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5997403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C80EBE29FFEDFFDCFF75FED00BEBF833" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C80EBE29FFEDFFDCFF75FED00BEBF833" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFEDFFDCFF75FED00BDBFDE7" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF75FED00DBEFF4C" blockId="42.[151,684,151,178]" box="[151,684,151,178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="1B50B853FFEDFFDCFF75FED00DBEFF4C" bold="true" box="[151,684,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFF75FED00DBEFF4C" authority="(Boulenger, 1895: 31)" authorityPageNumber="31" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityPageNumber="31" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[151,684,151,178]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF75FED00DBEFF4C" bold="true" box="[151,684,151,178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF75FED00EB1FF4F" bold="true" box="[151,419,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stegonotus reticulatus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFEDFFDCFE50FEDF0DB1FF4C" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[434,675,152,178]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="28 - 32" refId="ref42455" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1895) On a collection of reptiles and batrachians from Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux group, British New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Sixth Series, 16 (91), 28 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508680222" type="journal article" year="1895">Boulenger, 1895:31</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF75FE990BDBFDE7" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF75FE990E62FF09" bold="true" box="[151,368,222,247]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Taxonomic status.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFE9AFE980D60FF09" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[376,626,222,247]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFE9AFE980D60FF09" box="[376,626,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stegonotus reticulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has heretofore been considered as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFB4BFE980A2BFF09" box="[1193,1337,222,247]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFB4BFE980A2BFF09" box="[1193,1337,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. cucullatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. We use the following characteristics to differentiate this species from
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFCBDFF440CE2FEE5" box="[863,1008,258,283]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFCBDFF440CE2FEE5" box="[863,1008,258,283]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. cucullatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(whose characteristics we provide in parentheses): (1) IL
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<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFE91FF720E6CFEBD" attach="left" box="[371,382,309,323]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">G</subScript>
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= 4 (5); (2) the length of the internasal suture is ḵ 50% of internasal width (the rostral invades the internasal area and nearly separates the internasals); (3) the suture separating the prefrontals and the frontal lies posterior to or is level with the anterior edge of the eyes (anterior to eyes); (4) the chin area is separated from true ventral scales (gastrosteges) by only one scale in the ventral midline (two scales); and (5) the absence of any specimens with the characteristic reticulated scale pattern from the Bird’s Head Peninsula, the
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<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFEDFFDCFB33FFFD0A13FE2C" box="[1233,1281,442,466]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
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locality of
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFA65FFFD0E18FE08" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFA65FFFD0E18FE08" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. cucullatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Based on these differences, and based on the uncertainty surrounding the species
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFB0DFF9A0A70FE08" box="[1263,1378,477,502]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFB0DFF9A0A70FE08" box="[1263,1378,477,502]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">cucullatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see above), we hereby remove this strikingly-patterned species from the synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFBD1FC450BD3FDE4" box="[1075,1217,513,538]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFBD1FC450BD3FDE4" box="[1075,1217,513,538]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. cucullatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFEDFFDCFF25FC620E7BFCE8" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="description">
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25FC620E86FDC3" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" box="[199,404,549,574]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF25FC620E5BFDC0" bold="true" box="[199,329,549,574]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Synonyms.</emphasis>
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None.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25FC0E0C51FD30" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF25FC0E0E6FFD9C" bold="true" box="[199,381,585,610]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Original name.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFE64FC0D0C79FD9C" authority="Boulenger, 1895: 31" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityPageNumber="31" authorityYear="1895" box="[390,875,585,610]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFE64FC0D0D92FD9C" box="[390,640,585,610]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stegonotus reticulatus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFEDFFDCFD6BFC0E0C58FD9C" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[649,842,585,610]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="28 - 32" refId="ref42455" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1895) On a collection of reptiles and batrachians from Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux group, British New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Sixth Series, 16 (91), 28 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508680222" type="journal article" year="1895">Boulenger, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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:31
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</taxonomicName>
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. In naming this form,
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFEDFFDCFB8FFC0E0A26FD9C" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1133,1332,585,610]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="28 - 32" refId="ref42455" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1895) On a collection of reptiles and batrachians from Fergusson Island, D'Entrecasteaux group, British New Guinea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Sixth Series, 16 (91), 28 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939508680222" type="journal article" year="1895">Boulenger (1895)</bibRefCitation>
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used the term
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFF35FC2A0E5CFD78" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[215,334,621,646]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF35FC2A0E5CFD78" box="[215,334,621,646]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">reticulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Latin = net-like) descriptively, in reference to the striking dorsal patterning found in these animals. The pattern itself comprises darkened edges around all dorsal scales, producing a netlike surface coloration. The species description was presented in English.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25FC9E0E7BFCE8" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<materialsCitation id="F0CF0562FFEDFFDCFF25FC9E0C2EFD0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028140059" box="[199,828,729,754]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF25FC9E0E2BFD0C" bold="true" box="[199,313,729,754]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFEDFFDCFF25FC9E0E27FD0C" box="[199,309,729,754]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="26B697FAFFEDFFDCFEA0FC9D0E84FD0F" box="[322,406,730,753]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1946.1.14.87–88 (
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<figureCitation id="D89C13BAFFEDFFDCFD8CFC9E0DD6FD0C" box="[622,708,729,754]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,193,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[163,1426,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 24. Type specimens of Stegonotus reticulatus Boulenger, 1895. Photos include views of the entire body of the lectotype BMNH 1946.1.14.87, an adult female (TTL = 1118 mm) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views, and of the specimen’s head in (C) dorsal, (D) right lateral, and (E) ventral views. The body of the adult male paralectotype BMNH 1946.1.14.88 is shown in (F) dorsal and (G) ventral views, and the specimen’s head in (H) dorsal, (I) right lateral, and (J) ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607627/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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), formerly
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</materialsCitation>
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BMNH 95.4.26.50–51, an adult female and an adult male, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFEDFFDCFF25FD660A5DFC7C" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25FD660D3FFCA0" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF25FD660E75FCC4" bold="true" box="[199,359,801,826]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type locality.</emphasis>
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“Fergusson Island, D’Entrecasteaux Group, British New
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<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFEDFFDCFC17FD660B5AFCC4" box="[1013,1096,801,826]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guinea</collectingCountry>
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” [
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<collectingRegion id="8263C1DDFFEDFFDCFB83FD660A58FCC4" box="[1121,1354,801,826]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Milne Bay" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Milne Bay Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFEDFFDCFAB5FD650E3AFCA0" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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; ca.
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<geoCoordinate id="259369F8FFEDFFDCFEBBFD020EB5FCA0" box="[345,423,837,862]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="555" value="-9.54">9.54°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="259369F8FFEDFFDCFE51FD020D30FCA0" box="[435,546,837,862]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" precision="555" value="150.67">150.67°E</geoCoordinate>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25FD2E0A5DFC7C" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" box="[199,1359,873,898]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF25FD2E0E55FC7C" bold="true" box="[199,327,873,898]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Collection.</emphasis>
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These specimens were also collected by A.S. Meek (see the account of
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFB8FFD2D0BE6FC7C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[1133,1268,873,898]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFB8FFD2D0BE6FC7C" box="[1133,1268,873,898]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. guentheri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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above).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFEDFFDCFF25FDCA0EB7F9E0" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="key">
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||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25FDCA0DB0FBC0" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF25FDCA0DA7FC58" bold="true" box="[199,693,909,934]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Key characteristics of the
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F0CF0562FFEDFFDCFE19FDCA0DA7FC58" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028140080" box="[507,693,909,934]" collectionCode="BMNH, SVL, TTL, SCR, IL" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFEDFFDCFE19FDCA0D3CFC58" box="[507,558,909,934]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(1) BMNH 1946.1.14.87: 890 (880) mm SVL + 250 (238) mm TL = 1140 (1118) mm TTL. V
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFE27FD870EC3FC30" attach="left" box="[453,465,960,974]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFE27FD870EC3FC30" box="[453,465,960,974]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 201 (201), SC
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFD6CFD870D8BFC30" box="[654,665,960,974]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFD6CFD870D8BFC30" attach="left" box="[654,665,960,974]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">♀</subScript>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
= 78 (78), SCR
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFCA8FD870C44FC30" attach="left" box="[842,854,960,974]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFCA8FD870C44FC30" box="[842,854,960,974]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 0.28 (0.28), D = O-17-O (17-17-15), SL
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFAAAFD870A43FC30" attach="left" box="[1352,1361,960,974]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">E</subScript>
|
||
= 4+5 (4+5), SL = 8 (8), IL = O (9), IL
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFDEFFDA10D0AFC0A" attach="left" box="[525,536,998,1012]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">G</subScript>
|
||
= 4 or 5 (4). (2) BMNH 1946.1.14.88: 1080 (1124) mm SVL + O (broken tail) mm TL = O (O) mm TTL. V
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFE0FFA4A0EEBFBE5" attach="left" box="[493,505,1037,1051]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFE0FFA4A0EEBFBE5" box="[493,505,1037,1051]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 203 (204), SC
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFD57FA4A0DD3FBE5" attach="left" box="[693,705,1037,1051]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFD57FA4A0DD3FBE5" box="[693,705,1037,1051]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= O (O), SCR
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFC96FA4A0C92FBE5" attach="left" box="[884,896,1037,1051]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFC96FA4A0C92FBE5" box="[884,896,1037,1051]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= O (O), D = O-17-O (17-17-15), SL
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFAAAFA4A0A43FBE5" attach="left" box="[1352,1361,1037,1051]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">E</subScript>
|
||
= 4+5 (4+5), SL = 8 (8), IL = O (9), IL
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFDE8FA730D07FBBC" attach="left" box="[522,533,1076,1090]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">G</subScript>
|
||
= 4 or 5 (4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25FA0B0A85FABD" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF25FA0B0D42FB9B" bold="true" box="[199,592,1100,1125]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Key characteristics of the species.</emphasis>
|
||
We have been able to examine
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFC4DFA0A0B43FB9B" box="[943,1105,1100,1125]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="generic">144 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFB83FA0A0BBDFB9A" box="[1121,1199,1101,1125]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">34 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFB5EFA0A0A19FB9A" box="[1212,1291,1101,1125]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">82 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 28 unsexed) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFF59FA360E42FB77" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[187,336,1136,1161]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF59FA360E42FB77" box="[187,336,1136,1161]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all mainland provinces of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFEDFFDCFD34FA360CA4FB77" box="[726,950,1136,1161]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
with the exception of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8263C1DDFFEDFFDCFB29FA360A11FB77" box="[1227,1283,1137,1161]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Enga" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Enga</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8263C1DDFFEDFFDCFAA7FA370A8EFB77" box="[1349,1436,1136,1161]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Morobe" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Morobe</collectingRegion>
|
||
Provinces. We have so far located a single specimen from Indonesian New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFEDFFDCFC14FAD30B5AFB53" box="[1014,1096,1172,1197]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from Padaido Island, a small island off the eastern coast of Biak Island, Schouten Islands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8263C1DDFFEDFFDCFC6FFAFE0B56FB2F" box="[909,1092,1208,1233]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Papua Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFEDFFDCFBBAFAFF0BD0FB2F" box="[1112,1218,1208,1233]" name="Indonesia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(USNM 119549). Characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFEBEFA9A0EF9FB0B" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[348,491,1244,1269]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFEBEFA9A0EF9FB0B" box="[348,491,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include V
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFDB9FAAC0D75FB07" attach="left" box="[603,615,1259,1273]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFDB9FAAC0D75FB07" box="[603,615,1259,1273]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 186–215 (202 ± 8.2), V
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFC60FAAC0C9CFB07" attach="left" box="[898,910,1259,1273]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFC60FAAC0C9CFB07" box="[898,910,1259,1273]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 188–230 (208 ± 7.7); SC
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFB5AFAAC0BD6FB07" attach="left" box="[1208,1220,1259,1273]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFB5AFAAC0BD6FB07" box="[1208,1220,1259,1273]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 73–88 (82 ± 4.3), SC
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFF5AFB550FD6FADE" attach="left" box="[184,196,1298,1312]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFF5AFB550FD6FADE" box="[184,196,1298,1312]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 71–92 (83 ± 5.2); SCR
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F0CF0562FFEDFFDCFE3EFB550D65FAE2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028140079" box="[476,631,1284,1312]" collectionCode="SCR" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFE3EFB550EFAFADE" attach="left" box="[476,488,1298,1312]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFE3EFB550EFAFADE" box="[476,488,1298,1312]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 0.29,
|
||
<collectionCode id="26B697FAFFEDFFDCFDA1FB430D65FAE2" box="[579,631,1284,1308]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" name="Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="Herbarium">SCR</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F0CF0562FFEDFFDCFD95FB550C20FABC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028140068" collectionCode="IL" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFEDFFDCFD95FB550D91FADE" box="[631,643,1298,1312]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="male">
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFD95FB550D91FADE" attach="left" box="[631,643,1298,1312]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">♂</subScript>
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
= 0.29; D = 17-17-15 (100%); SL
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFC1EFB550B17FADE" attach="left" box="[1020,1029,1298,1312]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">E</subScript>
|
||
= 4+5 (n = 140, 97%) or 3+4 (n = 4, 4%); SL = 7 (n = 3, 2%), 8 (n = 81, 56%), or 9 (n = 42%);
|
||
<collectionCode id="26B697FAFFEDFFDCFCFAFB6C0C20FABC" box="[792,818,1323,1346]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">IL</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
= 9 (n = 61, 42%) or 10 (n = 83, 58%); IL
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFEDFFDCFAE0FB7F0A1FFAB8" attach="left" box="[1282,1293,1336,1350]" fontSize="6" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">G</subScript>
|
||
= 4 (100%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25FB160EB7F9E0" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Whereas males tend to have more ventrals and more subcaudals than females on average, these differences are not statistically significant and there does not appear to be any sexual dimorphism in these counts. We note that, compared with other well-defined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFD73FBDD0C19FA4F" authorityName="Guentheri Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[657,779,1434,1457]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFD73FBDD0C19FA4F" box="[657,779,1434,1457]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ranges of ventrals and subcaudals in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFB02FBDD0A61FA4C" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[1248,1395,1433,1458]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFB02FBDD0A61FA4C" box="[1248,1395,1433,1458]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are rather large (ranges of 29 and 42 ventrals, and 15 and 21 subcaudals in females and males, respectively), and the relatively large standard deviation values may indicate that there could be cryptic taxa hidden in this widely distributed morphotype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFEDFFDCFF25F86E0BEBF833" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25F86E0BCEF92C" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFF25F86E0E56F9BC" bold="true" box="[199,324,1577,1602]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Comment.</emphasis>
|
||
In order to stabilize the nomenclature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFCFEF86D0CA2F9BC" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[796,944,1577,1602]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFCFEF86D0CA2F9BC" box="[796,944,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we hereby designate BMNH 1946.1.14.87 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D89C13BAFFEDFFDCFF7DF80A0FE2F99B" box="[159,240,1613,1638]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1897,1919]" captionTargetBox="[163,1426,193,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[163,1426,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 24. Type specimens of Stegonotus reticulatus Boulenger, 1895. Photos include views of the entire body of the lectotype BMNH 1946.1.14.87, an adult female (TTL = 1118 mm) in (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views, and of the specimen’s head in (C) dorsal, (D) right lateral, and (E) ventral views. The body of the adult male paralectotype BMNH 1946.1.14.88 is shown in (F) dorsal and (G) ventral views, and the specimen’s head in (H) dorsal, (I) right lateral, and (J) ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607627/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
A–E;
|
||
<tableCitation id="0D253A84FFEDFFDCFED0F80A0E96F99B" box="[306,388,1613,1638]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="60.[147,229,603,624]" captionText="TABLE 1. Name-bearing types of species in the genus Stegonotus. In this list we present basic data, including common measurements and selected scale counts, for all namebearing types (i.e., holotypes—HT, lectotypes—LT, neotypes—NT, syntypes—ST) to provide an easy overview of species. Additional details and the information for paratypes and paralectotypes can be found in the text. Character abbreviations are explained in the main text. For specimens where sex is indicated in red, we used the SCR value and not direct observation to estimate sex. Missing values are indicated by O. Specimen Type SCR SubC Species Synonym Sex SVL TL TTL V SC Dorsals SCE SL IL ILG Number Status (%) Condition LSUMZ admiraltiensis HT M 658 185 843 208 98 32 paired 17-19-15 4+5 8 10 10 93958 MSNG aruensis HT M 582 233 815 190 103 35 paired 17-17-15 3+4 7 8 4 30186 BMNH australis HT M 503 135 638 205 77 27 paired 17-17-15 4+5 8 9 5 1946.1.14.93 AMS australis darnleyensis HT F 720 O O 198 53+ O paired 17-17-15 4+5 9 10 5 R31894 AMS australis plumbeus HT M 1025 250 1275 220 74 25 paired 17-17-15 3+4+5 9 10 5 R31895 BMNH batjanensis HT M 1239 321 1560 235 86 27 paired 17-17-15 3+4+5 8 10 5 1946.1.11.36 FMNH borneensis HT F 783 221 1004 195 79 29 paired 17-17-15 4+5 10 11 5 164746 MNHN cucullatus HT M 769 254 1023 209 91 30 paired 17-17-15 4+5 8 9 5 3412 MTKD a cucullatus magnus ST F O O O 207 74 26 paired O-19-O 4+5 8 O O 573 ZMB b cucullatus magnus ST M 975 265 1240 211 87 29 paired 19-19-17 3+4 8 10 5 8794 MZB derooijae HT M 455 193 648 181 94 34 paired 17-17-15 3+4 7 8 8 Ophi.3288 MWNH diehli HT juv 196 56 252 179 82 31 paired 15-15-15 3+4 7 8 4 1244 NMW dorsalis HT M 805 245 1050 208 88 30 paired 15-15-15 4+5 8 10 5 14861 ZMA 9R florensis HT M 447 109 556 217 65 23 single 21-21-19 3+4+5 10 5 11080 8L BMNH guentheri LT F 683 165 848 192 64 25 paired 15-15-13 4+5 8 9 4 1946.1.11.38 ……continued on the next page" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), the female specimen, as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFEDFFDCFD38F80A0C52F998" box="[730,832,1613,1638]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of this species (
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFC1AF80A0B21F998" box="[1016,1075,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Code</emphasis>
|
||
, Article 74.7). This specimen is the only
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFEDFFDCFF18F8350E43F974" box="[250,337,1650,1674]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F0CF0562FFEDFFDCFEBAF8360C20F92C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028140075" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
with a complete tail, and given the importance of the number of subcaudal scales in diagnoses of species in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFE6DF8D20D1BF952" authorityName="Guentheri Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[399,521,1685,1708]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFE6DF8D20D1BF952" box="[399,521,1685,1708]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is relevant to ascertain that this characteristic can be fully evaluated. This designation renders
|
||
<specimenCode id="1001A744FFEDFFDCFE9AF8FD0D31F92C" box="[376,547,1721,1746]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">BMNH 1946.1</specimenCode>
|
||
.14.88, the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFEDFFDCFD39F8FD0C20F92C" box="[731,818,1722,1746]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
with a broken tail, as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFEDFFDCFBDCF8FE0BCBF92C" box="[1086,1241,1721,1746]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFEDFFDCFF25F8990BEBF833" blockId="42.[151,1437,222,1998]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Even though specimen data for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFDDFF89A0DC1F908" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[573,723,1757,1782]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFDDFF89A0DC1F908" box="[573,723,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sufficient to separate the reticulated morphotype from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFA65F89A0E18F8E4" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cucullatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFA65F89A0E18F8E4" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">S. cucullatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it remains unclear whether the specimens we examined represent more than one species. It does appear as if the species is found primarily along the northern versant of New Guinea’s Central Cordillera, with some specimens also encountered in the southeastern lowlands. However, it is uncertain to what degree the number of captured specimens of a particular phenotype is due to greater survey efforts as opposed to natural distribution patterns. The reticulated morphotype appears to be the most widely distributed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFEDFFDCFBA1F9D50BAFF857" authorityName="Guentheri Boulenger" authorityYear="1895" box="[1091,1213,1938,1961]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFEDFFDCFBA1F9D50BAFF857" box="[1091,1213,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and some individuals are also known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFEDFFDCFDEAF9F20D60F830" box="[520,626,1973,1998]" name="Australia" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where they are relatively rare (Rick Shine, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |