447 lines
56 KiB
XML
447 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="A3C37AB0F0CFBC4C486EA76F44F24777" ID-CLB-Dataset="28026" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4512.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26e12e1b-2175-4007-871b-d0b73122e5e9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2607575" ID-ZooBank="E752FB7B-F34C-4D12-B8A2-EA6C791DD6C7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553586644813" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kaiser, Christine M., Kaiser, Hinrich & O’Shea, Mark" docDate="2018" docId="C80EBE29FFDAFFE8FF75FFFA0BD6F80F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4512.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4512 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stegonotus parvus" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="3437C651FFC7FFF6FFE2FE470F12FFFE" masterDocTitle="The taxonomic history of Indo-Papuan groundsnakes, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Colubridae), with some taxonomic revisions and the designation of a neotype for S. parvus (Meyer, 1874)" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698713152511" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="305A86A0E2EF8BC2D14F491C1A926E50">The taxonomic history of Indo-Papuan groundsnakes, genus Stegonotus Duméril et al., 1854 (Colubridae), with some taxonomic revisions and the designation of a neotype for S. parvus (Meyer, 1874)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1C774155FC30F384423CAD67AD9311C1">Kaiser, Christine M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9BC7D3598E54D9448788DCD10E9D093A">Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F391908B37AB2BCB532BD34863C124E9">O’Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F202CCDB7439265DD68E07E916BDDC14">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B29FF9E67C0B796898C8C371803B63E0">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C80EBE29FFDAFFE8FF75FFFA0BD6F80F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5997379" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154496326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5997379" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C80EBE29FFDAFFE8FF75FFFA0BD6F80F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C80EBE29FFDAFFE8FF75FFFA0BD6F80F" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFDAFFEBFF75FFFA0CC2FDE3" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF75FFFA0D49FE29" blockId="29.[151,603,445,471]" box="[151,603,445,471]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="1B50B853FFDAFFEBFF75FFFA0D49FE29" bold="true" box="[151,603,445,471]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDAFFEBFF75FFFA0D49FE29" authority="(Meyer, 1874: 137)" authorityPageNumber="137" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityPageNumber="137" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[151,603,445,471]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF75FFFA0D49FE29" bold="true" box="[151,603,445,471]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF75FFFA0E61FE29" bold="true" box="[151,371,445,471]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stegonotus parvus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFE61FFFA0D41FE29" author="Meyer, A. B." box="[387,595,445,471]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="128 - 140" refId="ref45325" refString="Meyer, A. B. (1874) [Eine Mittheilung von Hrn. Dr. Adolf Meyer] uber die von ihm auf Neu-Guinea und den Inseln Jobi, Mysore und Mafoor im Jahre 1873 gesammelten Amphibien. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874, 128 - 140." type="journal article" year="1874">Meyer, 1874:137</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF75FC430CC2FDE3" blockId="29.[151,1437,516,1527]" box="[151,976,516,541]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF75FC430E7CFDE3" bold="true" box="[151,366,516,541]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Taxonomic status.</emphasis>
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Valid.
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<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFDAFFEBFE5CFC420D37FDE3" box="[446,549,517,541]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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destroyed, no type material available.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFDAFFEBFF25FC6F0B14FCE5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF25FC6F0E81FDBE" blockId="29.[151,1437,516,1527]" box="[199,403,552,577]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF25FC6F0E5BFDBF" bold="true" box="[199,329,552,577]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Synonyms.</emphasis>
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None.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF25FC0B0CA1FD51" blockId="29.[151,1437,516,1527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF25FC0B0E6EFD9B" bold="true" box="[199,380,588,613]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Original name.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDAFFEBFE61FC0B0C12FD9B" authority="Meyer, 1874: 137" authorityName="Meyer" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1874" box="[387,768,588,613]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFE61FC0B0D24FD9A" box="[387,566,588,613]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Lycodon parvus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFDDFFC0A0DC3FD9B" author="Meyer, A. B." box="[573,721,589,613]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="128 - 140" refId="ref45325" refString="Meyer, A. B. (1874) [Eine Mittheilung von Hrn. Dr. Adolf Meyer] uber die von ihm auf Neu-Guinea und den Inseln Jobi, Mysore und Mafoor im Jahre 1873 gesammelten Amphibien. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874, 128 - 140." type="journal article" year="1874">Meyer, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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:137
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</taxonomicName>
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. The species name
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<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDAFFEBFC38FC0A0B34FD9A" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[986,1062,589,612]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFC38FC0A0B34FD9A" box="[986,1062,589,612]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">parvus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a Latin word meaning “small” and, other than to describe the small size of the specimens collected, it is not obvious why Meyer would have selected this name
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<superScript id="B7D2A277FFDAFFEBFE86FCD40E61FD5F" attach="left" box="[356,371,659,673]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">13</superScript>
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. The species description was presented in German.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF25FCFC0B14FCE5" blockId="29.[151,1437,516,1527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<materialsCitation id="F0CF0562FFDAFFEBFF25FCFC0D27FD2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028140005" box="[199,565,699,724]" collectionCode="MTKD" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCode="MTKD 876" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF25FCFC0E2BFD2A" bold="true" box="[199,313,699,724]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFDAFFEBFF25FCFC0E27FD2A" box="[199,309,699,724]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="1001A744FFDAFFEBFEA3FCFB0ED7FD2A" box="[321,453,699,724]" collectionCode="MTKD" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/857x-bdj2" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">MTKD 876</specimenCode>
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||
(
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<tableCitation id="0D253A84FFDAFFEBFE36FCFC0D3BFD2D" box="[468,553,699,724]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="60.[147,229,603,624]" captionText="TABLE 1. Name-bearing types of species in the genus Stegonotus. In this list we present basic data, including common measurements and selected scale counts, for all namebearing types (i.e., holotypes—HT, lectotypes—LT, neotypes—NT, syntypes—ST) to provide an easy overview of species. Additional details and the information for paratypes and paralectotypes can be found in the text. Character abbreviations are explained in the main text. For specimens where sex is indicated in red, we used the SCR value and not direct observation to estimate sex. Missing values are indicated by O. Specimen Type SCR SubC Species Synonym Sex SVL TL TTL V SC Dorsals SCE SL IL ILG Number Status (%) Condition LSUMZ admiraltiensis HT M 658 185 843 208 98 32 paired 17-19-15 4+5 8 10 10 93958 MSNG aruensis HT M 582 233 815 190 103 35 paired 17-17-15 3+4 7 8 4 30186 BMNH australis HT M 503 135 638 205 77 27 paired 17-17-15 4+5 8 9 5 1946.1.14.93 AMS australis darnleyensis HT F 720 O O 198 53+ O paired 17-17-15 4+5 9 10 5 R31894 AMS australis plumbeus HT M 1025 250 1275 220 74 25 paired 17-17-15 3+4+5 9 10 5 R31895 BMNH batjanensis HT M 1239 321 1560 235 86 27 paired 17-17-15 3+4+5 8 10 5 1946.1.11.36 FMNH borneensis HT F 783 221 1004 195 79 29 paired 17-17-15 4+5 10 11 5 164746 MNHN cucullatus HT M 769 254 1023 209 91 30 paired 17-17-15 4+5 8 9 5 3412 MTKD a cucullatus magnus ST F O O O 207 74 26 paired O-19-O 4+5 8 O O 573 ZMB b cucullatus magnus ST M 975 265 1240 211 87 29 paired 19-19-17 3+4 8 10 5 8794 MZB derooijae HT M 455 193 648 181 94 34 paired 17-17-15 3+4 7 8 8 Ophi.3288 MWNH diehli HT juv 196 56 252 179 82 31 paired 15-15-15 3+4 7 8 4 1244 NMW dorsalis HT M 805 245 1050 208 88 30 paired 15-15-15 4+5 8 10 5 14861 ZMA 9R florensis HT M 447 109 556 217 65 23 single 21-21-19 3+4+5 10 5 11080 8L BMNH guentheri LT F 683 165 848 192 64 25 paired 15-15-13 4+5 8 9 4 1946.1.11.38 ……continued on the next page" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Table 1</tableCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFD3FFCFC0C64FD2D" author="Schuz, E." box="[733,886,699,724]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref46622" refString="Schuz, E. (1929) Verzeichnis der Typen des Staatlichen Museums fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 1. Teil. Fische, Amphibien und Reptilien. Abhandlungen und Berichte der Museen fur Tierkunde und Folkerkunde zu Dresden, 17, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1929">Schüz (1929)</bibRefCitation>
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, two specimens had been accessioned under this single number. These were destroyed in the Second World War, during the Allied air raids on Dresden on
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<date id="341929FFFFDAFFEBFAB4FC990E2CFCE2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1945-02-13" valueMax="1945-02-15" valueMin="1945-02-13">13–15 February 1945</date>
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, along with most other herpetological specimens at the MTKD.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFDAFFEBFF25FD6E0D58FB9B" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF25FD6E0B57FCBC" blockId="29.[151,1437,516,1527]" box="[199,1093,806,834]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF25FD6E0E77FCBC" bold="true" box="[199,357,809,834]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type locality.</emphasis>
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“Neu-Guinea, Jobi” [Yapen Island
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<superScript id="B7D2A277FFDAFFEBFD0EFD610DE9FCCA" attach="left" box="[748,763,806,820]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">14</superScript>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="8263C1DDFFDAFFEBFCE8FD6D0CAEFCBC" box="[778,956,809,834]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Papua Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFDAFFEBFC25FD6E0B28FCBC" box="[967,1082,809,834]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF25FD0A0D58FB9B" blockId="29.[151,1437,516,1527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF25FD0A0E55FC98" bold="true" box="[199,327,845,870]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Collection.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFEACFD080EFBFC98" author="Meyer, A. B." box="[334,489,846,871]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref45433" refString="Meyer, A. B. (1887) Verzeichniss der von mir in den Jahren 1870 - 1873 im Ostindischen Archipel gesammelten Reptilien und Batrachier. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglich Zoologischen und Anthropologische-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1886 / 87 (2), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1887">Meyer (1887)</bibRefCitation>
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||
specified that the collection on Yapen was made at Ansus, a settlement on the south shore of the island (ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="259369F8FFDAFFEBFE79FD350D17FC74" box="[411,517,882,906]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="5" value="-1.7341">1.7341°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="259369F8FFDAFFEBFDF2FD360D8BFC74" box="[528,665,881,906]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="5" value="135.8263">135.8263°E</geoCoordinate>
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||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFD39FD350C64FC74" author="Meyer, A. B." box="[731,886,881,906]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref45381" refString="Meyer, A. B. (1875) Auszuge aus den auf einer Neu Guinea-Reise im Jahre 1873 gefuhrten Tagebuchern von Adolf Bernhard Meyer als Erlauterung zu den Karten der Geelvink-Bai und des MacCluer Golfes. Dresden, Germany, Koniglich Zoologisches und Anthropologisch-Ethnographisches Museum zu Dresden, 20 pp." type="book" year="1875">Meyer (1875)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave
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||
<date id="341929FFFFDAFFEBFC5AFD350B55FC74" box="[952,1095,881,906]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1873-04-08">8 April 1873</date>
|
||
as his arrival date there. In his hypercritical review of Meyer’s reports,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFDB9FDDF0C27FC4F" author="Wichmann, A." box="[603,821,916,945]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="167 - 178" refId="ref47567" refString="Wichmann, A. (1910) Adolf Bernhard Meyer, 1873. In: Wichmann, A. (Ed.), Resultats de l'expedition scientifique neerlandaise a la Nouvelle-Guinee en 1903. Folume II. Premiere Partie. Entdeckungsgeschichte von Neu-Guinea (1828 bis 1885), pp. 167 - 178." type="book chapter" year="1910">
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||
Wichmann (1910
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||
<superScript id="B7D2A277FFDAFFEBFCFEFDD30C39FC5C" attach="none" box="[796,811,916,930]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">15</superScript>
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||
)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
gave
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||
<date id="341929FFFFDAFFEBFC95FDDE0B22FC4F" box="[887,1072,920,945]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1873-04-08" valueMax="1873-04-29" valueMin="1873-04-08">8–29 April 1873</date>
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as the specific dates for the visit to Ansus, and these dates correspond to those provided by Meyer himself.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFBF1FDFA0BA0FC2B" author="Meyer, A. B." box="[1043,1202,956,981]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref45381" refString="Meyer, A. B. (1875) Auszuge aus den auf einer Neu Guinea-Reise im Jahre 1873 gefuhrten Tagebuchern von Adolf Bernhard Meyer als Erlauterung zu den Karten der Geelvink-Bai und des MacCluer Golfes. Dresden, Germany, Koniglich Zoologisches und Anthropologisch-Ethnographisches Museum zu Dresden, 20 pp." type="book" year="1875">Meyer (1875)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also stated that the collection activities spanned 19 days. Based on his account, it appears the arrival occurred late in the day and the following day was spent with negotiations; the departure occurred at dawn on
|
||
<date id="341929FFFFDAFFEBFBDEFA420BB1FBE3" box="[1084,1187,1028,1053]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="1929-04">29 April</date>
|
||
. Therefore, specimen collection on Yapen must have occurred on
|
||
<date id="341929FFFFDAFFEBFD4FFA6E0C2CFBBF" box="[685,830,1064,1089]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2010-04-28">10–28 April</date>
|
||
, during which time Meyer collected 30 species of amphibians and reptiles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFE4DFA0A0D2FFB9B" author="Meyer, A. B." box="[431,573,1100,1125]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refId="ref45381" refString="Meyer, A. B. (1875) Auszuge aus den auf einer Neu Guinea-Reise im Jahre 1873 gefuhrten Tagebuchern von Adolf Bernhard Meyer als Erlauterung zu den Karten der Geelvink-Bai und des MacCluer Golfes. Dresden, Germany, Koniglich Zoologisches und Anthropologisch-Ethnographisches Museum zu Dresden, 20 pp." type="book" year="1875">Meyer 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFDAFFEBFF25FA370D74F97F" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF25FA370A26FA51" blockId="29.[151,1437,516,1527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF25FA370D67FB77" bold="true" box="[199,629,1136,1161]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Key characteristics of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFDAFFEBFDE5FA370D7DFB77" box="[519,623,1136,1161]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Given that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFDAFFEBFCC8FA360C9EFB77" box="[810,908,1137,1161]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were destroyed, we are not able to determine which one of the two specimens served as the origin for the scale counts. The only mention in the original description that two specimens were, in fact, utilized is in the fourth sentence, where Meyer commented that “in einem Exemplar von den zweien vorhandenen” [in one specimen of the two that are available] there was a fusion of the prefrontals. The following values were clearly based on data from only one of the
|
||
<materialsCitation id="F0CF0562FFDAFFEBFBB4FB460A22FA51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028140015" collectionCode="SVL, TTL, SCR, IL" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFDAFFEBFBB4FB460BAFFAE7" box="[1110,1213,1281,1305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: O (O) mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="26B697FAFFDAFFEBFAB2FB460A97FAE7" box="[1360,1413,1281,1305]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
+ O (O) mm TL = O (O) mm
|
||
<collectionCode id="26B697FAFFDAFFEBFE12FB620D35FAC2" box="[496,551,1317,1340]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">TTL</collectionCode>
|
||
. V = 177 (O), SC = 100 (O),
|
||
<collectionCode id="26B697FAFFDAFFEBFC63FB620CA4FAC3" box="[897,950,1317,1341]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" name="Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">SCR</collectionCode>
|
||
= 0.36 (O), D = O-17-O (O), SL
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFDAFFEBFAAAFB740A43FABF" attach="left" box="[1352,1361,1331,1345]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E</subScript>
|
||
= 3+4 (O), SL = 7 (O),
|
||
<collectionCode id="26B697FAFFDAFFEBFE86FB0B0E6DFA9D" box="[356,383,1356,1379]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IL</collectionCode>
|
||
= O (O),
|
||
<collectionCode id="26B697FAFFDAFFEBFE1FFB0B0D05FA9D" box="[509,535,1356,1379]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">IL</collectionCode>
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFDAFFEBFDF5FB1D0D30FA96" attach="left" box="[535,546,1370,1384]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">G</subScript>
|
||
= O (O). There were no data provided for the second specimen. In contrast to our other accounts, we have not denoted whether the ventral scale counts in this list belong to a male or female specimen. Based on the high
|
||
<collectionCode id="26B697FAFFDAFFEBFE3DFBD00D06FA51" box="[479,532,1431,1455]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14844" name="Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="Herbarium">SCR</collectionCode>
|
||
value, we believe that the examined individual was most likely a male
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF25FBFD0A8EFA08" blockId="29.[151,1437,516,1527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFF25FBFD0D4DFA2D" bold="true" box="[199,607,1466,1491]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Key characteristics of the species.</emphasis>
|
||
Given that only two specimens of this species are known with certainty (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFDAFFEBFF2EFB980E20FA09" box="[204,306,1503,1527]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
), and with both of these having been destroyed, the basis for any species-level diagnosis is all too
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF75F86A0D74F97F" blockId="29.[151,1436,1581,2033]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
13. It is perhaps relevant that Meyer named his two new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDAFFEBFCDDF8680C96F9BA" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[831,900,1583,1604]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFCDDF8680C96F9BA" box="[831,900,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(small) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDAFFEBFBE7F8680B46F9BA" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[1029,1108,1583,1604]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFBE7F8680B46F9BA" box="[1029,1108,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">magnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(large). This could indicate that Meyer considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDAFFEBFEB1F80A0EB0F99C" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[339,418,1613,1634]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFEB1F80A0EB0F99C" box="[339,418,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">magnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
large compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDAFFEBFD87F80A0DBBF99C" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[613,681,1613,1634]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFD87F80A0DBBF99C" box="[613,681,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Yapen, even though we can now state that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDAFFEBFB7AF80A0BF5F99C" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[1176,1255,1613,1634]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFB7AF80A0BF5F99C" box="[1176,1255,1613,1634]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">magnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not necessarily large compared to other mainland
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFDAFFEBFE10F82B0D72F97F" authorityName=", McDowell" authorityYear="1972" box="[498,608,1644,1665]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFDAFFEBFE10F82B0D72F97F" box="[498,608,1644,1665]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFDAFFE8FF75F8CE0A51FEE3" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF75F8CE0C05F923" blockId="29.[151,1436,1581,2033]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">14. The locality of Yapen Island has also been spelled “Japen.” The latter is, however, an Anglicized version of a Papuan name, used predominantly by the Allied Forces during the Second World War and having entered the mainstream of location names as a consequence. We prefer to use the original spelling.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFDAFFEBFF75F8A20E9FF80F" blockId="29.[151,1436,1581,2033]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
15. During his last years as director of the Dresden museum, Meyer was the target of anti-Semitic intrigue (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFB3DF8A20A5EF905" author="Fritz, U." box="[1247,1356,1765,1787]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="3 - 33" refId="ref43727" refString="Fritz, U. (2002) Herpetology and herpetological type specimens at the Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden with a bibliography of herpetological contributions by Fritz Jurgen Obst (Amphibia, Reptilia). Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 23, 3 - 33." type="journal article" year="2002">Fritz 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which appears to have brought his long and highly successful term as a scientist to an undeservedly premature end. To the heading of his account,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFDAFFEBFEFDF9640EC9F8C7" author="Wichmann, A." box="[287,475,1827,1849]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="167 - 178" refId="ref47567" refString="Wichmann, A. (1910) Adolf Bernhard Meyer, 1873. In: Wichmann, A. (Ed.), Resultats de l'expedition scientifique neerlandaise a la Nouvelle-Guinee en 1903. Folume II. Premiere Partie. Entdeckungsgeschichte von Neu-Guinea (1828 bis 1885), pp. 167 - 178." type="book chapter" year="1910">Wichmann (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included a footnote to disclose that Meyer’s real name was Aron Baruch Meyer, a name indicating a Jewish heritage. The entire text thereafter is composed of accusations against Meyer, asserting his incompetence and untruthfulness, but generally amounting to hearsay presented as analysis. Wichmann ended his account with a nasty flourish, declaring: “In der Wissenschaft wird aber der Name dieses Mannes, dem die Wahrhaftigkeit niemals etwas anderes als eine abgegriffene Ware gewesen ist, als ein abschreckendes Beispiel noch über Jahrhunderte hinaus fortleben.” [The name of this man, to whom truthfulness was never anything but a worn-out commodity, will live on in science for centuries to come as an off-putting example.]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF75FED00A51FEE3" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
limited. We can state that, compared to all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FCD9FEDF0CA7FF51" authorityName=", McDowell" authorityYear="1972" box="[827,949,152,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FCD9FEDF0CA7FF51" box="[827,949,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FC26FEDF0B3FFF4E" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[964,1069,152,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FC26FEDF0B3FFF4E" box="[964,1069,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a low ventral count (<180) combined with a high subcaudal count (100), resulting in a notably high SCR value (0.36) that indicates a relatively long tail compared to overall body length. Other than that, none of the characters listed in the original description, alone or in combination, are useful to unequivocally delineate this species from other New Guinean forms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="08BD5CB4FFD9FFE8FF25FF600BD6F80F" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF25FF600EB2FE9A" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FF25FF600E5DFEBE" bold="true" box="[199,335,295,320]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD9FFE8FEBFFF6F0EEDFEBE" author="Meyer, A. B." box="[349,511,296,320]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref45433" refString="Meyer, A. B. (1887) Verzeichniss der von mir in den Jahren 1870 - 1873 im Ostindischen Archipel gesammelten Reptilien und Batrachier. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Koniglich Zoologischen und Anthropologische-Ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 1886 / 87 (2), 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1887">Meyer (1887)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FDBAFF600C00FEBE" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1874" box="[600,786,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FDBAFF600C00FEBE" box="[600,786,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lycodon parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a member of the family Lycodontidae and in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FED3FF0A0E8BFE9B" authorityName="Kaiser & Kaiser & O’Shea" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="S. Muller in Dumeril et al." baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[305,409,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lividus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FED3FF0A0E8BFE9B" box="[305,409,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. lividus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF25FF280E6CFDE6" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FF25FF280EEBFE76" bold="true" box="[199,505,367,392]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FE7AFF280EE6FE76" box="[408,500,367,392]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The lack of a type specimen for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FC64FF370B43FE76" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[902,1105,368,392]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FC64FF370B43FE76" box="[902,1105,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stegonotus parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a significant hindrance to unraveling the taxonomy of the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FD7BFFD20C1DFE52" authorityName=", McDowell" authorityYear="1972" box="[665,783,405,428]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FD7BFFD20C1DFE52" box="[665,783,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD9FFE8FC8CFFD30CAEFE53" box="[878,956,404,429]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD9FFE8FBAEFFD30BA3FE53" box="[1100,1201,404,429]" name="Australia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, where this name has been applied to dozens of specimens. Article 75 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD9FFE8FAF1FFFF0A86FE2E" author="ICZN" box="[1299,1428,440,464]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref44525" refString="ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, United Kingdom, 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) permits the designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FE37FF9A0D39FE0B" box="[469,555,477,501]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
when specific qualifying conditions are met, and in this section we present the relevant declarations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF25FC620B13FD33" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
To satisfy the conditions of Article 75.3.1, we attest that with the available information, it is not possible to ascertain the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FDEFFC0F0D67FD9E" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[525,629,584,608]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FDEFFC0F0D67FD9E" box="[525,629,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As a consequence, the application of this name since the destruction of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FF20FC2A0E36FD7B" box="[194,292,621,645]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
has been prone to error and has introduced a significant amount of uncertainty over the identity of groundsnakes throughout New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD9FFE8FE19FCC80D5EFD56" box="[507,588,655,680]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
and parts of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD9FFE8FD04FCC80C42FD56" box="[742,848,655,680]" name="Australia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Designation of a
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FBC0FCD70B69FD56" box="[1058,1147,656,680]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is imperative to stabilize the taxonomic status of the species and the taxonomy of the genus as a whole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF25FC9F0A1BFC7E" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
To satisfy the conditions of Article 75.3.2, we refer the reader to the description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD9FFE8FBBCFC9F0BEEFD0E" author="Meyer, A. B." box="[1118,1276,728,752]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="128 - 140" refId="ref45325" refString="Meyer, A. B. (1874) [Eine Mittheilung von Hrn. Dr. Adolf Meyer] uber die von ihm auf Neu-Guinea und den Inseln Jobi, Mysore und Mafoor im Jahre 1873 gesammelten Amphibien. Monatsberichte der Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1874, 128 - 140." type="journal article" year="1874">Meyer (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In addition to the key characteristics we list above, the original description provided the following head scale characteristics: rostral barely reaching the upper surface of the head; internasals trapezoid in shape, narrower anteriorly; prefrontals very wide, irregularly hexagonal; frontal nearly triangular, but pentagonal upon closer examination; loreal longer than wide; two pre- and two postoculars; 2+2+2 temporals; body scales lack pits; single cloacal plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF25FDCA0A37FBCB" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
To satisfy the conditions of Article 75.3.4, we hereby declare that we have unsuccessfully attempted to locate the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FF23FDF70E31FC36" box="[193,291,944,968]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FEA8FDF70EA1FC36" baseAuthorityName="Meyer" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[330,435,944,968]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FEA8FDF70EA1FC36" box="[330,435,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by requesting information regarding their status from the curatorial staff at the Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD9FFE8FE51FD930D0FFC12" box="[435,541,980,1004]" name="Germany" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Whereas the pre-war list of type material by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD9FFE8FBDAFD930BC3FC12" author="Schuz, E." box="[1080,1233,980,1005]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref46622" refString="Schuz, E. (1929) Verzeichnis der Typen des Staatlichen Museums fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 1. Teil. Fische, Amphibien und Reptilien. Abhandlungen und Berichte der Museen fur Tierkunde und Folkerkunde zu Dresden, 17, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1929">Schüz (1929)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included the two
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FF75FDBF0FEBFBEE" box="[151,249,1016,1040]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(MTKD 876), neither of the post-war type lists compiled by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD9FFE8FC29FDB00B47FBEE" author="Obst" box="[971,1109,1015,1040]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="171 - 186" refId="ref45663" refString="Obst, F. J. (1977) Die herpetologische Sammlung des Staatlichen Museums fur Tierkunde Dresden und ihre Typusexemplare. Zoologische Abhandlungen, Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 34, 171 - 186." type="journal article" year="1977">Obst (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD9FFE8FB70FDB00A0EFBEE" author="Fritz, U." box="[1170,1308,1015,1040]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="3 - 33" refId="ref43727" refString="Fritz, U. (2002) Herpetology and herpetological type specimens at the Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden with a bibliography of herpetological contributions by Fritz Jurgen Obst (Amphibia, Reptilia). Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 23, 3 - 33." type="journal article" year="2002">Fritz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
referenced them. It is understood that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FE0EFA5A0D5CFBCB" box="[492,590,1053,1077]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were destroyed in the Allied bombing raids on Dresden in 1945.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF25FA050DEFFB39" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The proposed
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FE85FA040ED2FBA5" box="[359,448,1091,1115]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(RMNH.RENA 46844;
|
||
<figureCitation id="D89C13BAFFD9FFE8FD36FA050C37FBA5" box="[724,805,1090,1115]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,831,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,831,1688]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Proposed neotype of Stegonotus parvus (Meyer, 1874), RMNH.RENA 46844, a female from Yapen Island, Papua Province, West New Guinea. Shown are the entire specimen (TTL = 292 mm) in (A) dorsal view, and its head in (B) dorsal, (C) right lateral, and (D) ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607607/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="0D253A84FFD9FFE8FCD3FA050C91FBA5" box="[817,899,1090,1115]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="60.[147,229,603,624]" captionText="TABLE 1. Name-bearing types of species in the genus Stegonotus. In this list we present basic data, including common measurements and selected scale counts, for all namebearing types (i.e., holotypes—HT, lectotypes—LT, neotypes—NT, syntypes—ST) to provide an easy overview of species. Additional details and the information for paratypes and paralectotypes can be found in the text. Character abbreviations are explained in the main text. For specimens where sex is indicated in red, we used the SCR value and not direct observation to estimate sex. Missing values are indicated by O. Specimen Type SCR SubC Species Synonym Sex SVL TL TTL V SC Dorsals SCE SL IL ILG Number Status (%) Condition LSUMZ admiraltiensis HT M 658 185 843 208 98 32 paired 17-19-15 4+5 8 10 10 93958 MSNG aruensis HT M 582 233 815 190 103 35 paired 17-17-15 3+4 7 8 4 30186 BMNH australis HT M 503 135 638 205 77 27 paired 17-17-15 4+5 8 9 5 1946.1.14.93 AMS australis darnleyensis HT F 720 O O 198 53+ O paired 17-17-15 4+5 9 10 5 R31894 AMS australis plumbeus HT M 1025 250 1275 220 74 25 paired 17-17-15 3+4+5 9 10 5 R31895 BMNH batjanensis HT M 1239 321 1560 235 86 27 paired 17-17-15 3+4+5 8 10 5 1946.1.11.36 FMNH borneensis HT F 783 221 1004 195 79 29 paired 17-17-15 4+5 10 11 5 164746 MNHN cucullatus HT M 769 254 1023 209 91 30 paired 17-17-15 4+5 8 9 5 3412 MTKD a cucullatus magnus ST F O O O 207 74 26 paired O-19-O 4+5 8 O O 573 ZMB b cucullatus magnus ST M 975 265 1240 211 87 29 paired 19-19-17 3+4 8 10 5 8794 MZB derooijae HT M 455 193 648 181 94 34 paired 17-17-15 3+4 7 8 8 Ophi.3288 MWNH diehli HT juv 196 56 252 179 82 31 paired 15-15-15 3+4 7 8 4 1244 NMW dorsalis HT M 805 245 1050 208 88 30 paired 15-15-15 4+5 8 10 5 14861 ZMA 9R florensis HT M 447 109 556 217 65 23 single 21-21-19 3+4+5 10 5 11080 8L BMNH guentheri LT F 683 165 848 192 64 25 paired 15-15-13 4+5 8 9 4 1946.1.11.38 ……continued on the next page" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) is a female that was collected by D.L. Leiker
|
||
<superScript id="B7D2A277FFD9FFE8FA6EFA780A89FBB3" attach="left" box="[1420,1435,1087,1101]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">16</superScript>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="341929FFFFD9FFE8FF59FA200E91FB81" box="[187,387,1126,1151]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1952-02-22">22 February 1952</date>
|
||
at Serui, Yapen Island,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8263C1DDFFD9FFE8FD73FA2F0C56FB81" box="[657,836,1126,1151]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Papua Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD9FFE8FCB2FA210CAFFB81" box="[848,957,1126,1151]" name="Indonesia" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="259369F8FFD9FFE8FC17FA200B4DFB81" box="[1013,1119,1127,1151]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="-1.8807">1.8807°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="259369F8FFD9FFE8FB89FA210BE7FB81" box="[1131,1269,1126,1151]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="5" value="136.2386">136.2386°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). This location is about
|
||
<quantity id="875FA2DAFFD9FFE8FF1FFACD0E5AFB5D" box="[253,328,1162,1187]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
distant (by air) from the original type locality and in the same type of lowland habitat on the southern coast of Yapen, thus satisfying Article 75.3.6.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF25FA950B67F8ED" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FF19FA940E40FB15" box="[251,338,1235,1259]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has the following characteristics (where these differ in wording or qualitatively from those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FF75FABF0FFEFAEE" box="[151,236,1272,1296]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
used in the description, the values for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FD5CFABF0C01FAEE" box="[702,787,1272,1296]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
are listed in parentheses): rostral barely reaching the upper surface of the head; internasals trapezoid in shape, narrower anteriorly; prefrontals very wide, irregularly hexagonal; frontal nearly triangular, but pentagonal upon closer examination; loreal 1.3 times longer than wide (longer than wide); one preocular (two preoculars); two postoculars, but on both sides of the head the lower postocular is fused with the 4
|
||
<superScript id="B7D2A277FFD9FFE8FEEBFBC20E07FA6D" attach="left" box="[265,277,1413,1427]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabial (two postoculars); seven supralabials, the 3
|
||
<superScript id="B7D2A277FFD9FFE8FC63FBC20C9CFA6D" attach="left" box="[897,910,1413,1427]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">rd</superScript>
|
||
and 4
|
||
<superScript id="B7D2A277FFD9FFE8FC37FBC20CF3FA6D" attach="left" box="[981,993,1413,1427]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">th</superScript>
|
||
touching the eye; eight infralabials (no value given); 2+3+2 (2+2+2) temporals; 17-17-15 (only a middorsal count of 17 was given) dorsal scale rows, body scales lacking pits; single cloacal plate; V
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD9FFE8FDBCFBA70D78FA10" attach="left" box="[606,618,1504,1518]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFD9FFE8FDBCFBA70D78FA10" box="[606,618,1504,1518]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 173 (V
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD9FFE8FD31FBA70DCDFA10" attach="left" box="[723,735,1504,1518]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFD9FFE8FD31FBA70DCDFA10" box="[723,735,1504,1518]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 177), SC
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD9FFE8FCBFFBA70C7BFA10" attach="left" box="[861,873,1504,1518]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFD9FFE8FCBFFBA70C7BFA10" box="[861,873,1504,1518]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 87 (SC
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD9FFE8FC30FBA70CCCFA10" attach="left" box="[978,990,1504,1518]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFD9FFE8FC30FBA70CCCFA10" box="[978,990,1504,1518]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
= 100). We believe that the difference in the subcaudal count is a reflection of the sex of the specimen. Whereas the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FC2CFBBE0B36F9EF" box="[974,1060,1529,1553]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is a female with an SCR
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD9FFE8FAD7F8400A53F9EB" attach="left" box="[1333,1345,1543,1557]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFD9FFE8FAD7F8400A53F9EB" box="[1333,1345,1543,1557]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
of 0.33, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FF23F8670E04F9C6" box="[193,278,1568,1592]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
for which scale counts were listed in the original description is most likely a male at an SCR
|
||
<subScript id="DC230D7AFFD9FFE8FAD0F86A0A2CF9C5" attach="left" box="[1330,1342,1581,1595]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<specimenCount id="56A1C4B6FFD9FFE8FAD0F86A0A2CF9C5" box="[1330,1342,1581,1595]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
</subScript>
|
||
of 0.36. Males of several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FEB0F8010EDBF9A3" authorityName=", McDowell" authorityYear="1972" box="[338,457,1606,1629]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FEB0F8010EDBF9A3" box="[338,457,1606,1629]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Stegonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FDCCF8010DB4F9A0" baseAuthorityName="de Rooij" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[558,678,1605,1630]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="florensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FDCCF8010DB4F9A0" box="[558,678,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. florensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FD56F8010C38F9A0" authorityName="Doria" authorityYear="1874" box="[692,810,1605,1630]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FD56F8010C38F9A0" box="[692,810,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. keyensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FCD5F8010CAAF9A0" baseAuthorityName="Schlegel" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[823,952,1605,1630]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="modestus">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FCD5F8010CAAF9A0" box="[823,952,1605,1630]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. modestus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87A774BCFFD9FFE8FC27F8010B34F9A0" authorityName="Forcart" authorityYear="1953" box="[965,1062,1606,1630]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Stegonotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sutteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FC27F8010B34F9A0" box="[965,1062,1606,1630]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">S. sutteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have longer tails relative to body length than females, and this can explain the discrepancy seen in the SC values between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FB70F82C0BFBF97D" box="[1170,1257,1643,1667]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FAA5F82C0A8EF97D" box="[1351,1436,1643,1667]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
whose characters are known. Additional characteristics for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FCA5F8C80C8CF959" box="[839,926,1679,1703]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
include
|
||
<quantity id="875FA2DAFFD9FFE8FC1EF8C90B45F958" box="[1020,1111,1678,1702]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.17" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="217.0">217 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL +
|
||
<quantity id="875FA2DAFFD9FFE8FB4DF8CA0BEEF958" box="[1199,1276,1677,1702]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL =
|
||
<quantity id="875FA2DAFFD9FFE8FAA0F8C90A8FF958" box="[1346,1437,1678,1702]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.92" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="292.0">292 mm</quantity>
|
||
TTL, IL 1–4 touching the anterior genial, the body pigmentation not extending onto the ventral scales, and darkly pigmented subcaudal scales. These values satisfy the conditions of Article 75.3.5. We believe that the last two paragraphs along with the images shown in
|
||
<figureCitation id="D89C13BAFFD9FFE8FD9AF8BD0DD6F8ED" box="[632,708,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1698,1720]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,831,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,831,1688]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 16. Proposed neotype of Stegonotus parvus (Meyer, 1874), RMNH.RENA 46844, a female from Yapen Island, Papua Province, West New Guinea. Shown are the entire specimen (TTL = 292 mm) in (A) dorsal view, and its head in (B) dorsal, (C) right lateral, and (D) ventral views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2607607/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
satisfy the conditions of Article 75.3.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF25F95A0B79F880" blockId="30.[151,1437,151,1919]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="9F1CB19DFFD9FFE8FF18F9580E41F8C9" box="[250,339,1823,1847]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was accessioned into the Naturalis Biodiversity Center in Leiden,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD9FFE8FBAAF95A0A10F8C8" box="[1096,1282,1821,1846]" name="Netherlands" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">The Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(RMNH), on
|
||
<date id="341929FFFFD9FFE8FF75F9050E76F8A5" box="[151,356,1858,1883]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1953-02-17">17 February 1953</date>
|
||
. The RMNH maintains a public research collection with proper facilities for preserving namebearing types, and these are accessible for study. This statement satisfies Article 75.3.7.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="40180F3FFFD9FFE8FF75F9FB0BD6F80F" blockId="30.[151,1436,1980,2033]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
16. Dick L. Leiker (
|
||
<date id="341929FFFFD9FFE8FE9DF9FB0EE6F82C" box="[383,500,1980,2002]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1919" valueMax="1995">1919–1995</date>
|
||
) was a physician specializing in leprosy treatment and research employed by the Dutch government. He was stationed in New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="38B04FAFFFD9FFE8FDC2F99C0D7BF80F" box="[544,617,2011,2033]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
from
|
||
<date id="341929FFFFD9FFE8FD45F99C0C0BF80F" box="[679,793,2011,2033]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1949" valueMax="1958">1949–1958</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD9FFE8FCC4F99C0CEDF80F" author="Leiker, D. L. & Sloan, N. R." box="[806,1023,2011,2033]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="431 - 439" refId="ref44794" refString="Leiker, D. L. & Sloan, N. R. (1954) Leprosy in Netherlands New Guinea. International Journal of Leprosy, 22, 431 - 439." type="journal article" year="1954">Leiker & Sloan 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="243672CEFFD9FFE8FBEBF99C0BABF80F" author="Faber, W. & Feenstra, P. & Klatser, P. & Naaf, B." box="[1033,1209,2011,2033]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="298" refId="ref43437" refString="Faber, W., Feenstra, P., Klatser, P. & Naaf, B. (1995) Obituary. Dick L. Leiker, M. D., Ph. D. 28 November 1919 - 11 January 1995. International Journal of Leprosy, 63, 298." type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Faber
|
||
<emphasis id="72D3D32DFFD9FFE8FBA8F99B0B64F80F" box="[1098,1142,2011,2033]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |