195 lines
22 KiB
XML
195 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:mods id="BF57ACB92C13D761AA5DEE5F6BB0A9B9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="E36A4012F1AB3CF940F2CA8801BD0F6C">Phalangeridae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8CACF15F8BCC1B84C267AD43B9E581C7">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E460880A6C010F8D625FC28B4DD3765">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="35F0F287BD85938F035CBACECF9CDA5F">2015</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="215A381DA463FD3D849128217EF86512" type="pubDate">2015-06-30</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="61DADC4B463CCAE05BB0DD9444C65450">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AA6DECA809B5A8CC73B96CD7B98C0D45">
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<mods:title id="24A6406470747BD84B0CC408906BFA6C">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5 Monotremes and Marsupials</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D344591F533507062317F7161AC1FA9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6620387" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195958995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6620387" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D344591F533507062317F7161AC1FA9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D344591F533507062317F7161AC1FA9B" lastPageNumber="489" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062317F7161FA9F72C" box="[120,175,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062317F7161FA9F72C" blockId="8.[115,1101,2247,2374]" box="[120,175,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="001A5F65533507062317F7161FA9F72C" box="[120,175,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<figureCitation id="C3D6F48C533507062317F7161FA9F72C" box="[120,175,2247,2293]" captionStart="Plate 27: Phalangeridae" captionStartId="13.[109,139,3459,3480]" captionTargetBox="[12,2741,13,3643]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="11. Peleng Cuscus (Phalanger pelengensus), 12. Moluccan Cuscus (Phalanger ornatus), 13. Gebe Cuscus (Phalanger alexandrae), 14. Obi Cuscus (Phalanger rothschildi), 15. Ground Cuscus (Phalanger gymnotis), 16. Woodlark Cuscus (Phalanger lullulae), 17. Northern Common Cuscus (Phalanger orientalis), 18. Eastern Common Cuscus (Phalanger intercastellanus), 19. Southern Common Cuscus (Phalanger mimicus), 20. Telefomin Cuscus (Phalanger matanim), 21. Stein’s Cuscus (Phalanger vestitus), 22. Silky Cuscus (Phalanger sericeus), 23. Mountain Cuscus (Phalanger carmelitae), 24. Black Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus rufoniger), 25. Waigeo Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus papuensis), 26. Admiralty Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus kraemeri), 27. Blue-eyed Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus wilsoni), 28. Common Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus), 29. Australian Spotted Cuscus (Spilocuscus nudicaudatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6657492" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6657492/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">12.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB825335070623AFF7161D2DF72C" box="[192,555,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="5B52E8095335070623AFF7161D2DF72C" blockId="8.[115,1101,2247,2374]" box="[192,555,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="001A5F655335070623AFF7161D2DF72C" box="[192,555,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<vernacularName id="D5EE98275335070623AFF7161D2DF72C" box="[192,555,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Moluccan Cuscus</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB8253350706211DF7161CBBF72C" box="[626,957,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="5B52E80953350706211DF7161CBBF72C" blockId="8.[115,1101,2247,2374]" box="[626,957,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="001A5F6553350706211DF7161CBBF72C" box="[626,957,2247,2293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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||
<taxonomicName id="9CED938A53350706211DF7161CBBF72C" ID-CoL="4FR5Z" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[626,957,2247,2293]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
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<emphasis id="6999341B53350706211DF7161CBBF72C" box="[626,957,2247,2293]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Phalanger ornatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB8253350706231AF6D61C32F69A" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="5B52E80953350706231AF6D61B4AF6C5" blockId="8.[115,1101,2247,2374]" box="[117,1100,2311,2332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="001A5F6553350706231AF6D61B4AF6C5" box="[117,1100,2311,2332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="6999341B53350706231AF6D61FC7F6C5" bold="true" box="[117,193,2311,2332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D5EE98275335070623A5F6D61EC4F6C5" box="[202,450,2311,2332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Phalanger des Moluques</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="6999341B5335070622B8F6D61D37F6C5" bold="true" box="[471,561,2311,2332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D5EE9827533507062154F6D61DEDF6C5" box="[571,747,2311,2332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Molukken-Kuskus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="6999341B53350706206FF6D61C5AF6C5" bold="true" box="[768,860,2311,2332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D5EE982753350706200AF6D61B4AF6C5" box="[869,1100,2311,2332]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Cuscus de las Molucas</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B52E80953350706231AF6FF1C32F69A" blockId="8.[115,1101,2247,2374]" box="[117,820,2350,2371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<heading id="001A5F6553350706231AF6FF1C32F69A" box="[117,820,2350,2371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="6999341B53350706231AF6FF1E6FF69A" bold="true" box="[117,361,2350,2371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="D5EE982753350706221DF6FF1C32F69A" box="[370,820,2350,2371]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Ornate Cuscus; Blue-eyed Cuscus (matabiru)</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB825335070621B9F6A11BF6F648" box="[726,1264,2416,2449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5B52E8095335070621B9F6A11BF6F648" blockId="8.[726,1321,2416,2843]" box="[726,1264,2416,2449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="6999341B5335070621B9F6A11C77F648" bold="true" box="[726,881,2416,2449]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A5335070620ECF6A11BEDF648" ID-CoL="4FR5Z" authority="Gray, 1860" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[899,1259,2416,2449]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">Cuscus ornatus Gray, 1860</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062790F6A11CFAF639" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062790F6A11CFAF639" blockId="8.[726,1321,2416,2843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<materialsCitation id="EB85E254533507062790F6A11CFAF639" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3813123303" country="Indonesia" location="Island of Batchian" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North Moluccas">
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“
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<location id="5E32BED2533507062666F6A11CC6F660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D344591F533507062317F7161AC1FA9B:5E32BED2533507062666F6A11CC6F660" country="Indonesia" name="Island of Batchian" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" stateProvince="North Moluccas">Island of Batchian</location>
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” (=
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<location id="5E32BED2533507062090F64D1BBFF660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D344591F533507062317F7161AC1FA9B:5E32BED2533507062090F64D1BBFF660" box="[1023,1209,2460,2489]" country="Indonesia" name="Bacan Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" stateProvince="North Moluccas">Bacan Island</location>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="992926EB5335070627BBF64D1C5DF639" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">North Moluccas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="23FAA899533507062003F6121CFEF639" box="[876,1016,2499,2528]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB825335070621B9F6371BD9F3DE" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5B52E8095335070621B9F6371BD9F3DE" blockId="8.[726,1321,2416,2843]" lastBlockId="8.[118,1324,2849,3276]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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This species has occasionally been placed in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A5335070620E3F5DF1B24F5F6" ID-CoL="7PB4" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1861" box="[908,1058,2574,2607]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Strigocuscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Strigocuscus</taxonomicName>
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but belongs within
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A5335070621B8F5E41C51F58F" ID-CoL="6MNS" authorityName="Storr" baseAuthorityYear="1780" box="[727,855,2613,2646]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phalanger</taxonomicName>
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. The
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A5335070620C7F5E41B6FF58F" authorityName="Flannery & Boeadi" box="[936,1129,2613,2646]" form="matabiru" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" rank="form">form matabiru</taxonomicName>
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(described as a new subspecies in 1995) has recently been recognized as a distinct species but without a detailed re-assessment. Close examination of all available museum material suggests that differences between matabiru and
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533507062318F4F01FD0F49B" ID-CoL="4FR5Z" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[119,214,2849,2882]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">ornatus</taxonomicName>
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are real but slight and that matabiru is best classified as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A5335070627CBF4F01A24F49B" ID-CoL="4FR5Z" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[1188,1314,2849,2882]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">P. ornatus</taxonomicName>
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, as originally described. This species occurs in northern Sulawesi and North Moluccas. Records from Sulawesi (museum specimens and field observations) are newly documented and have previously been erroneously attributed to S.
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A53350706209EF4491B67F460" ID-CoL="5322M" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[1009,1121,2968,3001]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Strigocuscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="celebensis">celebensis</taxonomicName>
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, with which it co-occursin the northern peninsula of Sulawesi. Closer study may show that
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A5335070627EBF46E1A2AF439" ID-CoL="4FR5P" authorityName="Flannery & Boeadi" authorityYear="1995" box="[1156,1324,3007,3040]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alexandrae">P. alexandrae</taxonomicName>
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also should be recognized as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A5335070621B6F4371C5FF3DE" ID-CoL="4FR5Z" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" box="[729,857,3046,3079]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">P. ornatus</taxonomicName>
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. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062319F3DF1FECF315" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption id="0F92B881533507062319F3DF1FECF315" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6762175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6762175" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6762175/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" startId="8.[118,272,3086,3119]" targetBox="[112,703,2429,2843]" targetPageId="8">
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062319F3DF1FECF315" blockId="8.[118,1324,2849,3276]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="6999341B533507062319F3DF1D00F3F6" bold="true" box="[118,518,3086,3119]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533507062319F3E81D1AF3A7" authority="Gray, 1860" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ornatus" subSpecies="ornatus">P.o.ornatusGray,1860—EtipofNSulawesi,andthelargerNorthMoluccanIs(Halmahera,Bacan,andMorotai).</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533507062319F35D1DACF37C" authority="Flannery & Boeadi, 1995" authorityName="Flannery & Boeadi" authorityYear="1995" box="[118,682,3212,3237]" class="Mammalia" family="Phalangeridae" genus="Phalanger" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ornatus" subSpecies="matabiru">P. o. matabiru Flannery & Boeadi, 1995</taxonomicName>
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— smaller North Moluccan Is (Ternate and Tidore).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062601FECF163DFDDD" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062601FECF163DFDDD" blockId="8.[1388,2596,286,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="6999341B533507062601FECF196FFEE6" bold="true" box="[1390,1641,286,319]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 35-5—42 cm,tail 28.5-36 cm; weight 1.2-2.2 kg. Usual fur of the Moluccan Cuscus is light brown to yellow or orange, with adults having highly irregular white patches and spotting and narrow dark dorsalstripe. Skull of the Moluccan Cuscus is small to medium-sized (condylobasal length 67-85 mm), with a prominent diastema between incisor and canine. In the population of the Moluccan Cuscus from Ternate (more occasionally from elsewhere), iris is blue.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062601FDDB194BFD8A" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062601FDDB194BFD8A" blockId="8.[1388,2596,286,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
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<emphasis id="6999341B533507062601FDDB1ADBFDF2" bold="true" box="[1390,1501,522,555]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary tropical moist and secondary forest, rural gardens, and other degraded habitats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062601FD881703FD7B" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062601FD881703FD7B" blockId="8.[1388,2596,286,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="6999341B533507062601FD881970FDA3" bold="true" box="[1390,1654,601,634]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Moluccan Cuscusis folivorous—frugivorous and has been observed eating fruits of nutmeg in rural gardens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062601FD7D18ACFCC1" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062601FD7D18ACFCC1" blockId="8.[1388,2596,286,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="6999341B533507062601FD7D1AF2FD10" bold="true" box="[1390,1524,684,713]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Several observations of Moluccan Cuscuses in January found young ofall stages of development from newborn to subadult (weighing 900 g). No females were observed carrying more than one young.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062602FCCF1527FCBE" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062602FCCF1527FCBE" blockId="8.[1388,2596,286,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="6999341B533507062602FCCF195FFCE6" bold="true" box="[1389,1625,798,831]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Moluccan Cuscuses are nocturnal and have been observed sleeping by day on tree branches, including those of a durian tree (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533507062BF5FC97166BFCBE" box="[2202,2413,838,871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Durio" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zibethinus">Durio zibethinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CED938A533507062A12FC971512FCBE" box="[2429,2580,838,871]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062601FCBC1945FC6F" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062601FCBC1945FC6F" blockId="8.[1388,2596,286,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="6999341B533507062601FCBC1730FC57" bold="true" box="[1390,2102,877,910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no information available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB82533507062600FC6D1755FB13" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E809533507062600FC6D1755FB13" blockId="8.[1388,2596,286,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="6999341B533507062600FC6D19CBFC04" bold="true" box="[1391,1741,956,989]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Although the Moluccan Cuscus is an island endemic with an extent of occurrence little more than 20,000 km? it is thought to have a large and reasonably stable population and seems to be tolerant to some degree of habitat degradation. The subspecies matabiru, which has sometimes been regarded as a separate species,is classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List because ofits small insular distribution, threats from hunting, and its occurrence on Ternate Island with an active volcano.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="13F7BB8253350706261FFB0C1AC1FA9B" pageId="8" pageNumber="489" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B52E80953350706261FFB0C1AC1FA9B" blockId="8.[1388,2596,286,1346]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">
|
||
<emphasis id="6999341B53350706261FFB0C190EFB2B" bold="true" box="[1392,1544,1245,1266]" pageId="8" pageNumber="489">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Flannery (1994a, 1995b), Flannery & Boeadi (1995), Leary, Singadan, Menzies, Helgen, Wright, Allison & Flannery (2008a), Leary, Singadan, Menzies, Helgen, Wright, Allison, Flannery, Salas & Dickman (2008b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |