134 lines
14 KiB
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134 lines
14 KiB
XML
<document id="8C5FFBBB5AA095F54D21C68729912D1E" ID-CLB-Dataset="27950" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610021" ID-ZooBank="A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553624231237" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shachar, Einat, Melika, George, Inbar, Moshe & Dorchin, Netta" docDate="2018" docId="AC1F87FEFFF8FF9AFF61FB25FE11B11B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4521.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4521 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synophrus Hartig 1843" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="479" masterDocId="5026FF86FFE4FF86FFF6FFE8FFBAB733" masterDocTitle="The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="451" pageNumber="479" updateTime="1698713837181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EA88E12265636080FDE0868FB5B486C9">
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<mods:title id="E5F311BEAED4C0216B54301BC5CEF30D">The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B89997CC6703A1F49D496B2F4CFEB630" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FB91EB84280448363F63695FD28EABC2">Shachar, Einat</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B685D7CCBA99D95BAA3AEDAAD05FD23B">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D531787BEA253FBF17B71DDF6D04A295">Inbar, Moshe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="405D76FD7F770FE0A09A57EE0DBC6125" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A0D1AD27269771D1CDEEC1CDA7D74863">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F563375FCBB0F66FBC8F13D85848751F">Dorchin, Netta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8BA28923C90CEA1C182735210949A937">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="490AEE93C3710B7FAB8D2EEBE35773AC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4E13E6BD2509995AFDF9045C26053575">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E7D769E3A78C054457E2096B55185FE5">2018-11-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="73F1A5B9F154C99DFBB8FAFB28E2FFDF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FD7A5CB57BF04036591F4ABA9F7C25DE">4521</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3DEA412AC7C64881046D572B7388EA9A">4</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AC1F87FEFFF8FF9AFF61FB25FE11B11B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949989" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154498929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5949989" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AC1F87FEFFF8FF9AFF61FB25FE11B11B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AC1F87FEFFF8FF9AFF61FB25FE11B11B" lastPageNumber="479" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
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<subSubSection id="6CAC6563FFF8FF9AFF61FB25FE11B11B" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF8FF9AFF61FB25FE07B3D4" blockId="28.[151,445,1229,1255]" box="[151,445,1229,1255]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
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<heading id="7F418184FFF8FF9AFF61FB25FE07B3D4" bold="true" box="[151,445,1229,1255]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF8FF9AFF61FB25FE07B3D4" ID-CoL="7RCP" ID-ENA="331715" authority="Hartig, 1843" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,445,1229,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFF61FB25FE07B3D4" bold="true" box="[151,445,1229,1255]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFF61FB25FEA3B3D4" bold="true" box="[151,281,1229,1255]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Synophrus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF8FF9AFED6FB25FE07B3D4" author="Hartig, T." box="[288,445,1229,1255]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" pagination="395 - 422" refId="ref33881" refString="Hartig, T. (1843) Zweiter nachtrag zur naturgeschichte der Gallwespen. Zeitschrift fur Entomologie, 4, 395 - 422." type="journal article" year="1843">Hartig, 1843</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="240936E8FFF8FF9AFF61FAFCFE11B11B" blockId="28.[151,1436,1300,1576]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">
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A West Palearctic genus of 7 species, which was originally described as a gall inducer on oaks from section
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFAA2FAFCFA26B218" box="[1364,1436,1300,1323]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Cerris</emphasis>
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but later transferred to the inquilinous tribe
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF8FF9AFD88FAD0FD52B27C" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1896" box="[638,744,1336,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synergini">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFD88FAD0FD52B27C" box="[638,744,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Synergini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of adult morphology (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF8FF9AFB9BFADFFAADB263" author="Ronquist, F." box="[1133,1303,1335,1360]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" pagination="241 - 266" refId="ref35866" refString="Ronquist, F. (1994) Evolution of parasitism among closely related species: phylogenetic relationships and the origin of inquilinism in gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae). Evolution, 48, 241 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1994. tb 01310. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Ronquist 1994</bibRefCitation>
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). Species in this genus invade various galls on oaks from section
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFD1EFAB4FC8DB240" box="[744,823,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Cerris.</emphasis>
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Invasion of a gall by
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF8FF9AFBDDFAB4FB1BB247" authorityName="Hartig" authorityYear="1843" box="[1067,1185,1372,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Synophrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFBDDFAB4FB1BB247" box="[1067,1185,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Synophrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is always lethal to the gall inducer (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF8FF9AFED8FA97FDE0B2AB" author="Pujade-Villar, J. & Melika, G. & Ros-Farre, P. & Acs, Z. & Csoka, G." box="[302,602,1407,1432]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" pagination="121 - 170" refId="ref35632" refString="Pujade-Villar, J., Melika, G., Ros-Farre, P., Acs, Z. & Csoka, G. (2003 a) Cynipid inquiline wasps of Hungary, with taxonomic notes on the Western Palaearctic fauna (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipinae, Synergini). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 64, 121 - 170." type="journal article" year="2003">
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Pujade-Villar
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFE38FA69FDBAB2AB" box="[462,512,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">et al</emphasis>
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. 2003a
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF8FF9AFD90FA68FC80B2AB" author="Penzes, Z. & Melika, G. & Bozsoki, Z. & Bihari, P. & Miko, I. & Tavakoli, M. & Pudje-Villar, J. & Feher, B. & Fulop, D. & Szabo, K. & Bozso, M. & Sipos, B. & Somogyi, K. & Stone, G." box="[614,826,1408,1432]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" pagination="688 - 711" refId="ref35188" refString="Penzes, Z., Melika, G., Bozsoki, Z., Bihari, P., Miko, I., Tavakoli, M., Pudje-Villar, J., Feher, B., Fulop, D., Szabo, K., Bozso, M., Sipos, B., Somogyi, K. & Stone, G. (2009) Systematic re-appraisal of the gall-usurping wasp genus Synophrus Hartig, 1843 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini). Systematic Entomology, 34, 688 - 711. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2009.00482. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Pénzes
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFD4BFA69FD4AB2AB" box="[701,752,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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) and is associated with extensive modification of the gall tissues, almost similar to the effect of the gall-inducer itself (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF8FF9AFC7FFA4CFBDBB28F" author="Penzes, Z. & Melika, G. & Bozsoki, Z. & Bihari, P. & Miko, I. & Tavakoli, M. & Pudje-Villar, J. & Feher, B. & Fulop, D. & Szabo, K. & Bozso, M. & Sipos, B. & Somogyi, K. & Stone, G." box="[905,1121,1444,1468]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" pagination="688 - 711" refId="ref35188" refString="Penzes, Z., Melika, G., Bozsoki, Z., Bihari, P., Miko, I., Tavakoli, M., Pudje-Villar, J., Feher, B., Fulop, D., Szabo, K., Bozso, M., Sipos, B., Somogyi, K. & Stone, G. (2009) Systematic re-appraisal of the gall-usurping wasp genus Synophrus Hartig, 1843 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini). Systematic Entomology, 34, 688 - 711. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2009.00482. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Pénzes
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFC17FA4DFBAEB28F" box="[993,1044,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Two species are currently known from
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF8FF9AFEDBFA2FFED1B2D3" box="[301,363,1479,1504]" name="Israel" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Israel</collectingCountry>
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on
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF8FF9AFE6DFA20FDF0B2D3" baseAuthorityName="Sternlicht" baseAuthorityYear="1968" box="[411,586,1480,1504]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFE6DFA20FDF0B2D3" box="[411,586,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.Two additional species, S.
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<taxonomicName id="E3B64D6BFFF8FF9AFC7EFA20FB58B2D3" authority="Melika & Pujade-Villar" authorityName="Melika & Pujade-Villar" box="[904,1250,1479,1504]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFC7EFA20FC73B2D3" box="[904,969,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">libani</emphasis>
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Melika & Pujade-Villar
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</taxonomicName>
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and S.
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFAC8FA20FA21B2EC" box="[1342,1435,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">syriacus</emphasis>
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Melika, which are known from
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF8FF9AFE08FA04FDDAB136" box="[510,608,1516,1541]" name="Lebanon" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF8FF9AFD6EFA04FD6CB136" box="[664,726,1516,1541]" name="Syria" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Syria</collectingCountry>
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, respectively (
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<bibRefCitation id="40274B19FFF8FF9AFC8FFA04FBF7B137" author="Penzes, Z. & Melika, G. & Bozsoki, Z. & Bihari, P. & Miko, I. & Tavakoli, M. & Pudje-Villar, J. & Feher, B. & Fulop, D. & Szabo, K. & Bozso, M. & Sipos, B. & Somogyi, K. & Stone, G." box="[889,1101,1516,1540]" pageId="28" pageNumber="479" pagination="688 - 711" refId="ref35188" refString="Penzes, Z., Melika, G., Bozsoki, Z., Bihari, P., Miko, I., Tavakoli, M., Pudje-Villar, J., Feher, B., Fulop, D., Szabo, K., Bozso, M., Sipos, B., Somogyi, K. & Stone, G. (2009) Systematic re-appraisal of the gall-usurping wasp genus Synophrus Hartig, 1843 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini). Systematic Entomology, 34, 688 - 711. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2009.00482. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Pénzes
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<emphasis id="16C2EAFAFFF8FF9AFC26FA05FBB3B137" box="[976,1033,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">et al.</emphasis>
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2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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), may also occur in
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<collectingCountry id="5CA17678FFF8FF9AFAC4FA04FACAB136" box="[1330,1392,1516,1541]" name="Israel" pageId="28" pageNumber="479">Israel</collectingCountry>
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but have not been found yet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |