The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini) - diversity, distribution and life history Author Shachar, Einat Author Melika, George Author Inbar, Moshe Author Dorchin, Netta text Zootaxa 2018 2018-11-16 4521 4 451 498 journal article 27950 10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1 832ac35c-8871-4041-9321-ea7f2ae5eb41 1175-5326 2610021 A4FD6137-25B0-43D5-845B-B4FDF4E9F5D7 Synophrus Hartig, 1843 A West Palearctic genus of 7 species, which was originally described as a gall inducer on oaks from section Cerris but later transferred to the inquilinous tribe Synergini on the basis of adult morphology ( Ronquist 1994 ). Species in this genus invade various galls on oaks from section Cerris. Invasion of a gall by Synophrus is always lethal to the gall inducer ( Pujade-Villar et al . 2003a ; Pénzes et al . 2009 ) and is associated with extensive modification of the gall tissues, almost similar to the effect of the gall-inducer itself ( Pénzes et al . 2009 ). Two species are currently known from Israel on Q. ithaburensis .Two additional species, S. libani Melika & Pujade-Villar and S. syriacus Melika, which are known from Lebanon and Syria , respectively ( Pénzes et al. 2009 ), may also occur in Israel but have not been found yet.