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<document id="659B91AFDD0AB69C0F9CEF825DB4A7E0" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217065" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1722603420905" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Karstedt, Fernanda, Bergemann, Sarah E., Gates, Genevieve, Ratkowsky, David, Cunha, Kelmer Martins &amp; Capelari, Marina" docDate="2024" docId="19575B62760B0C72FF4A8822BBF6A442" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.654.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 654 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Entoloma caxiuanense Karstedt &amp; Capelari, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="E56E231A76100C6FFFC28B04BF42A566" masterDocTitle="Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1724974463060" updateUser="carolina">
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<mods:titleInfo id="39584C349730236D5E4F95CF08B9B969">
<mods:title id="22788F00783622C99EF73C321272B6CD">Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F9A34DF7C3B54393C1859907B3665CCC">Karstedt, Fernanda</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="42F95106B56151E516FA94F6E2E21B6A">Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="854C1284DFA6644235B15D80DE0AEE0E">Bergemann, Sarah E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="683FEA338BF4522D402887BEA36D3988">Middle Tennessee State University, Biology Department, PO Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="AF5F5939C7CB281B3272828CD4807FD6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FF88EE5E978CE61D07EE54D4CC51F2A1">Gates, Genevieve</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D5C623717CD54301FBB9B49B10D6C3E3">9 Winmarleigh Ave, Taroona, Tasmania, 7053, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="288A49915461CB7A5122E79E614EF642">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7850D9B5FBF03A84B008BBC5540DD2CA">Ratkowsky, David</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DFAD275184B21168F382A4B11BAA8EC6">Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="D50F9B2C7E92CAA66B0376975A9460CD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="57A88E1437DD0D7139F481304820EB53">
<mods:roleTerm id="1B3A4D6715DED59DBA3B9199FB9ABF4C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="188786AB43EB4B1A20A38F1CB0E67608">Cunha, Kelmer Martins</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3EF7C2B077B4CD9634BE1A0CAF9A5673" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2140-9916</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="600D601EDFCDF224CE108F1BF7AC074D">MIND. Funga / MICOLAB, Botany Department, Santa Catarina Federal University, 88040 - 900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * Correspondence to: fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2140 - 9916 sarah. bergemann @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7875 - 2040 ggggates @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9561 - 7788 d. ratkowsky @ utas. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7514 - 3570 kelmermartinscunha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0545 - 5966 mcapelariibot @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0001 - 0737 - 3681</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="11AAEC622FBE52047093F4D7591BC4F2" type="email">fernanda.karstedt@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D2E7F345288BE88D4B0736552E017805">Capelari, Marina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3E5DD82A84E8EB9923E8877AD7AF9614">Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7D33D9FED3AD0659C5AE8B5F5CE47B9D">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CF8B889DBECDAAA5812008AC775CBF4F">
<mods:date id="A111F176E98ACE5C4339C3A81D6F4223">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="15B18F0C66BC61CBD367AB8EC8CF6121">2024-06-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="03DECDE8D809A3E0DFEA7F6539E0CC2F">654</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9FA0A4D39CC96BE8B4A4C5DA5D08EA7C">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="1CBE7094795F6A746D70B70FA1A706DD">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="6A5B2A4CFB4A6E15F9BE686F76336276" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D757900FDDB8DC15343425A066F74C5E" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3739478E11A8BE8BBF697EDAD584A509" type="Zenodo-Dep">13217065</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="19575B62760B0C72FF4A8822BBF6A442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B62760B0C72FF4A8822BBF6A442" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19575B62760B0C72FF4A8822BBF6A442" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760B0C74FF4A8822BD9CA627" box="[136,734,806,833]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF4A8822BD9CA627" blockId="27.[136,734,806,905]" box="[136,734,806,833]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="CA095D18760B0C74FF4A8822BD9CA627" box="[136,734,806,833]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760B0C74FF4A8822BD3FA626" authority="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" authorityName="Karstedt &amp; Capelari" box="[136,637,806,833]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caxiuanense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FF4A8822BED0A626" bold="true" box="[136,402,806,833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Entoloma caxiuanense</emphasis>
Karstedt &amp; Capelari
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8B98B1D760B0C74FD4A8823BD9CA627" box="[648,734,807,833]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FD4A8823BD95A626" box="[648,727,807,832]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760B0C74FF4A884EBE4DA6EF" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF4A884EBE1CA602" blockId="27.[136,734,806,905]" box="[136,350,842,868]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F1760B0C74FF4A884EBF94A602" box="[136,214,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="28.[136,229,2011,2033]" captionTargetBox="[257,1329,258,1966]" captionTargetId="figure-48@28.[244,1342,245,1983]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 9. Entoloma caxiuanense (FK1871): a. basidiospores; b. basidia; c. cheilocystidia; d. pileipellis. Scales: a–c: 10 µm, d: 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217083/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Figs.
<geoCoordinate id="F4CA8CB3760B0C74FF04884EBF94A602" box="[198,214,842,868]" degrees="9, 10" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" precision="555" value="9.1">9</geoCoordinate>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F1760B0C74FF20884EBE69A602" box="[226,299,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="29.[136,229,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[282,1303,326,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-79@29.[273,1312,317,1791]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 10. Microphotography of basidiospores in electron microscopy: a–c. Entoloma acutipallidum (11RMT078); d–f. E. amazonicum (FK1815); g–i. E. arenicola (FK1811); j–m. E. capes (FK2096), n–p. E. caxiuanense (FK1871). Scale: 5 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217085/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">10n–p</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F1760B0C74FEF4884EBE1CA602" box="[310,350,842,868]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="64.[136,229,1963,1985]" captionTargetBox="[280,1307,688,1928]" captionTargetId="figure-217@64.[271,1316,679,1937]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 33. Basidiomas:a–b. Entoloma acutipallidum: a. FK1893; b. 11RMT078; c. E. caxiuanense (FK1871); d. E. dennisii (CP47/04); e–g. E. luteolamellatum: e. 11RMT094; f–g. 11RMT109; h. E. capes (FK2096). Photos: a, c, h: F. Karstedt; b, e–g: R. Mazieiro; d: C. Puccinelli. Scale: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217131" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217131/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">33c</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF4A886BBE4DA6EF" blockId="27.[136,734,806,905]" box="[136,271,878,905]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">MB 838589</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760B0C74FF4A88BEBB02A6B6" box="[136,1088,954,976]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF4A88BEBB02A6B6" blockId="27.[136,1452,954,1156]" box="[136,1088,954,976]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Etymology:—
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FED388BEBECFA6A9" box="[273,397,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Caxiuanense</emphasis>
refers to the Caxiuanã National Forest where the species was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760B0C74FF4A88DABDB6A15A" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF4A88DABDB6A15A" blockId="27.[136,1452,954,1156]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Diagnosis:—
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760B0C74FEC588DABEA0A695" box="[263,482,990,1011]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caxiuanense">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FEC588DABEA0A695" box="[263,482,990,1011]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Entoloma caxiuanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by the combination of a conical, squamulose pileus, cheilocystidia along the entire lamellar margin, a cutis in transition to a trichoderm, and small basidiospores [xm = 6.34 (± 0.31) × 6.67 (± 0.6) µm] which differentiate it from all other species included in this study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760B0C74FF4A8F4EBE16A1E5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF4A8F4EBE16A1E5" blockId="27.[136,1452,954,1156]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<materialsCitation id="2196E029760B0C74FF4A8F4EBE12A1E5" collectingDate="2011-02-15" collectorName="F. Karstedt" country="Brazil" county="Type" location="Caxiuana National Forest" municipality="Caxiuana" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Para" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCounty id="782092F8760B0C74FF4A8F4EBFF8A139" box="[136,186,1098,1119]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Type</collectingCounty>
:—
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE4760B0C74FF148F4EBE72A139" box="[214,304,1098,1119]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="533A2496760B0C74FEFB8F4EBE25A139" box="[313,359,1098,1119]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pará</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="7125700E760B0C74FEB28F4EBE8FA106" box="[368,461,1098,1120]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Caxiuanã</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="9421BCAF760B0C74FE158F4EBD8DA139" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B62760B0C72FF4A8822BBF6A442:9421BCAF760B0C74FE158F4EBD8DA139" box="[471,719,1098,1120]" country="Brazil" county="Type" municipality="Caxiuana" name="Caxiuana National Forest" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Para">Caxiuanã National Forest</location>
,
<location id="9421BCAF760B0C74FD1B8F4EBCF3A106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B62760B0C72FF4A8822BBF6A442:9421BCAF760B0C74FD1B8F4EBCF3A106" box="[729,945,1098,1120]" country="Brazil" county="Type" municipality="Caxiuana" name="Ferreira Penha Station" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Para">Ferreira Penha Station</location>
,
<location id="9421BCAF760B0C74FC798F4EBCA0A106" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19575B62760B0C72FF4A8822BBF6A442:9421BCAF760B0C74FC798F4EBCA0A106" box="[955,994,1098,1120]" country="Brazil" county="Type" municipality="Caxiuana" name="Plot" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" stateProvince="Para">Plot</location>
1,
<date id="E540CCB4760B0C74FBC28F4EBBEEA139" box="[1024,1196,1098,1120]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-02-15">
<collectingDate id="F504355C760B0C74FBC28F4EBBEEA139" box="[1024,1196,1098,1120]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2011-02-15">15 February 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FB748F4FBAE9A139" box="[1206,1451,1098,1120]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectorName id="3C0B8FA2760B0C74FB748F4FBA63A139" box="[1206,1313,1098,1120]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">F. Karstedt</collectorName>
et al. FK1871
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="4E4554D6760B0C74FF068F6ABE63A1E2" box="[196,289,1134,1156]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, SP)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760B0C74FF4A8FB6BA79A21F" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF4A8FB6BCA7A0C2" blockId="27.[136,1452,1202,2093]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Description:—
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FEEC8FB6BE36A1AA" box="[302,372,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pileus</emphasis>
to
<quantity id="56064791760B0C74FE5C8FB6BEB2A1AB" box="[414,496,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
diam., broadly conical, margin slightly revolute, slightly translucent-striate, center brown, fibrils brownish and surface slightly yellowish beige, not hygrophanous; fibrillose or squamose, with scales more abundant in the center of the pileus than on the margin.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FCF48FFEBC96A072" box="[822,980,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pileus context</emphasis>
not observed.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FBBA8FFEBBA2A072" box="[1144,1248,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lamellae</emphasis>
adnate or sinuate, smooth, ventricose, pale yellow-pink, close with two tiers of lamellulae, margins irregular and concolorous with faces.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FF4A8E47BF82A03B" box="[136,192,1347,1373]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Stipe</emphasis>
80 ×
<quantity id="56064791760B0C74FF3D8E46BE1FA03B" box="[255,349,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="5.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="4.0">4–6 mm</quantity>
, slightly attenuated above, circular or flattened in cross-section, centrally attached, slightly yellowcream, fibrillose, surface slightly striate and twisted, hollow, with a small amount of white basal tomentum.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FAB18E63BF9BA0C2" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Stipe context</emphasis>
not observed.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FEBC8E8EBEFBA0C2" box="[382,441,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Odor</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FE2D8E8FBD66A0C2" box="[495,548,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">taste</emphasis>
not observed.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FD0B8E8FBC04A0C2" box="[713,838,1419,1445]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Spore print</emphasis>
not observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF7F8EAABA79A21F" blockId="27.[136,1452,1202,2093]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FF7F8EAABE19A0AE" box="[189,347,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Basidiospores</emphasis>
cuboidal, 4-angled in profile view, 6.2–7(–7.5) × 6.2–7.5 µm [xm = 6.34 (± 0.31) × 6.67 (± 0.6) µm, Q = 1–1.2, Qm = 1.05 (± 0.08), n = 21/1] in profile view and diagonally (6.2–)7.5–8.7 × 7.5–8.75 µm [xm = 7.62 (± 0.54) × 7.88 (± 0.57) µm, Q = 1–1.16, Qm = 1.04 (± 0.07), n = 21], thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FBB78EF2BB89A376" box="[1141,1227,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Basidia</emphasis>
clavate-pedicellate, 33–51 × 10–112.5 µm (n = 13), hyaline, thin-walled, with 4 long sterigmata.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FC208D1EBBC6A352" box="[994,1156,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
abundant, along the entire lamellar margin, cylindrical or cylindro-clavate, 30–125 × 6.2–15 µm (n = 24), hyaline, thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FACB8D3ABAE9A33E" box="[1289,1451,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FF7A8D66BE1CA31A" box="[184,350,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">pseudocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FE798D66BD2EA31A" box="[443,620,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Lamellar trama</emphasis>
of parallel, cylindrical or broadly cylindrical hyphae, 3.7–16 µm diam. (n = 20), hyaline, thin-walled, septa rare, sub-hymenium not observed.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FCBC8D82BCB4A3C6" box="[894,1014,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pileitrama</emphasis>
composed of radially arranged hyphae, cylindrical or broadly cylindrical, 5–22 µm diam. (n = 20), hyaline, thin-walled, septa rare.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FB458DAEBBBBA3A2" box="[1159,1273,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pileipellis</emphasis>
a trichoderm or groups of anticlinal terminal hyphae in transition to a trichoderm; prostrate hyphae cylindrical, 8.7–15 µm diam. (n = 14), with brown intracellular pigment or, less frequently, hyaline; anticlinal hyphae cylindrical, broadly cylindrical or clavate, with or without septa, 50–300 × 11.2–16.2 µm (n = 10), with brown or hyaline intracellular pigment, thin-walled.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FF228C3EBE22A232" box="[224,352,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Stipitipellis</emphasis>
a cutis with cylindrical hyphae, 5–10 µm diam. (n = 20), hyaline or with straw yellow intracellular pigment, thin-walled, septate.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FE198C5ABD35A21E" box="[475,631,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Caulocystidia</emphasis>
absent.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FD118C5ABCE9A21E" box="[723,939,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Clamp connections</emphasis>
present.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FBD28C5ABB9EA21E" box="[1040,1244,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Refractive hyphae</emphasis>
present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760B0C74FF7F8C86BBC3A2FA" box="[189,1153,1922,1949]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF7F8C86BBC3A2FA" blockId="27.[136,1452,1202,2093]" box="[189,1153,1922,1949]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Habitat:—Solitary, in soil with organic matter and roots, in the Amazon Forest biome.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760B0C74FF7F8CA2BD86A2A6" box="[189,708,1958,1984]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C74FF7F8CA2BD86A2A6" blockId="27.[136,1452,1202,2093]" box="[189,708,1958,1984]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Distribution:—Only known from
<collectingRegion id="533A2496760B0C74FDFA8CA2BD2FA2A6" box="[568,621,1958,1984]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pará</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="E9E9AAE4760B0C74FDBA8CA2BD82A2A6" box="[632,704,1958,1984]" name="Brazil" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Brazil</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9E4B9FF760B0C72FF7F8CCEBBF6A442" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760B0C73FF7F8CCEBE9AA5BA" blockId="27.[136,1452,1202,2093]" lastBlockId="28.[136,1451,158,221]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Comments:—This species would traditionally be classified in
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760B0C74FC498CCFBCADA282" box="[907,1007,1995,2020]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Leptonia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FC498CCFBCADA282" box="[907,1007,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptonia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, due to the structure of the pileipellis. However, by phylogenetic analysis (
<figureCitation id="09C5F6F1760B0C74FDE58CEABD29AD6E" box="[551,619,2030,2056]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="16.[136,229,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[384,1197,188,1845]" captionTargetId="figure-22@16.[384,1204,186,1850]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the species of Entolomataceae with cuboid basidiospores and related species based on the combined genes (nLSU, mtSSU, rpb2 and tef1). Bootstrap values (&gt; 70%) from the maximum likelihood analysis are indicated above the branches. The species studied here are shown in boldface. AU: Australia, AT: Austria, BZ: Belize, BR: Brazil, CN: China, GY: Guyana, IN: India, MY: Malaysia, NZ: New Zealand, PG: Papua New Guinea, PR: Puerto Rico, RE: La Reunion, UK: Russia, SC: Seychelles, US: United States, VN: Vietnam. Dashed vertical line: have similarity in the morphology but no molecular support." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217071/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) it is possible to verify that this species is included in the clade with the other species having cuboidal basidiospores (
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760B0C74FD4A8316BCFEAD4A" box="[648,956,2066,2092]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cubospora">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FD4A8316BDB7AD4A" box="[648,757,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Entoloma</emphasis>
subg.
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FC828316BCFEAD4A" box="[832,956,2066,2092]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Cubospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and not in one of the clades with
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760B0C73FA8A8317BF9EA5DE" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760B0C74FA8A8317BAEEAD4A" box="[1352,1452,2067,2092]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Leptonia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, thus lending further support to the notion that the shape of the basidiospores is a more relevant feature than the structure of the pileipellis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C581BAFC760C0C73FF4A8CDFBFEDAD72" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13217083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13217083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13217083/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" startId="28.[136,229,2011,2033]" targetBox="[257,1329,258,1966]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="9141EA74760C0C73FF4A8CDFBFEDAD72" blockId="28.[136,1451,2011,2068]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760C0C73FF4A8CDFBE42A296" bold="true" box="[136,256,2011,2033]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760C0C73FECA8CDFBD0CA296" authority="(FK 1871)" baseAuthorityName="FK" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[264,590,2011,2032]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caxiuanense">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760C0C73FECA8CDFBEA7A296" box="[264,485,2011,2032]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Entoloma caxiuanense</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="A38A3666760C0C73FE378CDFBD01A296" box="[501,579,2011,2032]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">FK1871</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="A38A3666760C0C73FD998CDFBD25A296" bold="true" box="[603,615,2011,2032]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">a</emphasis>
. basidiospores;
<emphasis id="A38A3666760C0C73FCC58CDFBC56A296" bold="true" box="[775,788,2011,2032]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">b</emphasis>
. basidia;
<emphasis id="A38A3666760C0C73FCB48CDFBCC3A296" bold="true" box="[886,897,2011,2032]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">c</emphasis>
. cheilocystidia;
<emphasis id="A38A3666760C0C73FBE18CDFBB72A296" bold="true" box="[1059,1072,2011,2032]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">d</emphasis>
. pileipellis. Scales: a–c: 10 µm, d: 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9141EA74760D0C72FF7F8B9ABBF6A442" blockId="29.[136,1451,158,293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760D0C72FF7F8B9ABD74A5DE" authority="(Beeli)" baseAuthorityName="Beeli" box="[189,566,158,184]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cuboidosporum">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760D0C72FF7F8B9ABEA2A5DE" box="[189,480,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Entoloma cuboidosporum</emphasis>
(Beeli)
</taxonomicName>
E. Horak, the species that most resembles
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760D0C72FBDC8B9BBB8AA5DE" baseAuthorityName="FK" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1054,1224,159,184]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="caxiuanense">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760D0C72FBDC8B9BBB8AA5DE" box="[1054,1224,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E. caxiuanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is characterized by small, cuboidal basidiospores (5.5–7.5 µm), cheilocystidia forming a sterile margin and a pileipellis between a cutis and a trichoderm. However, they differ in that
<taxonomicName id="56FE91F7760D0C72FD688BE3BC38A466" box="[682,890,230,256]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Entolomataceae" genus="Entoloma" kingdom="Fungi" order="Agaricales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="cuboidosporum">
<emphasis id="A38A3666760D0C72FD688BE3BC38A466" box="[682,890,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">E. cuboidosporum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a depressed, infundibuliform center with an amber brown color, decurrent lamellae, and clavate to vesiculose cheilocystidia (Horak 1976a).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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