211 lines
17 KiB
XML
211 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10537" ID-PMC="PMC5136668" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-4-10537" ID-PubMed="27932925" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828-4-e10537" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" ModsDocTitle="Discovery of a New World ladybird beetle Nephaspisindus Gordon, 1996 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymnini) on the Island of Taiwan" checkinTime="1479448754828" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chen, Xiaosheng, Xie, Xiufeng, Ren, Shunxiang & Wang, Xingmin" docDate="2016" docId="9228D78631F91952FDA79C5AEFA082BA" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e10537" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10537" docTitle="Nephaspis indu s Gordon 1996" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="10537" masterDocId="A31FFFC2FFE5FF90FFDCAA225C7FFFAB" masterDocTitle="Discovery of a New World ladybird beetle Nephaspisindus Gordon, 1996 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymnini) on the Island of Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="10537" masterPageNumber="10537" pageNumber="10537" updateTime="1668123352472" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Discovery of a New World ladybird beetle Nephaspisindus Gordon, 1996 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymnini) on the Island of Taiwan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Xiaosheng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Xie, Xiufeng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ren, Shunxiang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Xingmin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>10537</mods:start>
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<mods:end>10537</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10537</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10537</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-4-10537</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9228D78631F91952FDA79C5AEFA082BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9228D78631F91952FDA79C5AEFA082BA" lastPageNumber="10537" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<taxonomicName authority="Gordon, 1996" authorityName="Gordon" authorityYear="1996" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis indu s" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indu s">Nephaspis indu s Gordon, 1996</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis indus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indus">Nephaspis indus</taxonomicName>
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Gordon, 1996: 43;
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<bibRefCitation author="Yu, G. Y." journalOrPublisher="Science Press, Beijing" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" title="Spiralling whitefly and its natural insect enemies" year="2011">Yu 2011</bibRefCitation>
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: 88.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis amnicola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amnicola">Nephaspis amnicola</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Yoshida, H. A." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="155 - 160" title="Life history and feeding behaviour of Naphaspisamnicola Wingo" volume="25" year="1985">Yoshida and Mau 1985</bibRefCitation>
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(nec.
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<bibRefCitation author="Wingo, C. W." journalOrPublisher="Iowa State College Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="15 - 53" title="The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of the upper Mississippi basin" volume="27" year="1952">Wingo 1952</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-08-20" collectingMethod="sweeping" collectionCode="Insects" collectorName="Ren Shun-Xiang" latitude="22.6938" location="Zhiben, Taidong county" longitude="120.999" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" specimenCode="SCAU (E) 11661" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-male="8" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">SCAU (E) 11661</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Ren Shun-Xiang</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">8</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">male</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">adult</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Nephaspisindus; Location: island: Taiwan; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9228D78631F91952FDA79C5AEFA082BA:400113E91FEE71B296DC24B2F0DC5EE0" latitude="22.6938" longitude="120.999" name="Zhiben, Taidong county" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Zhiben, Taidong county</location>
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; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">140 m</elevation>
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; locationRemarks: label transliteration: "Taiwan, Taidong, Zhiben, 2012.08.20, Ren Shunxiang"; [台湾台东知本 140 m, 22°41.63'N 120°59.94'E, 2012.08.20, sweeping,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="任顺祥">任顺祥</normalizedToken>
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]; verbatimCoordinates: 22°41.63'N 120°59.94'E; decimalLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" value="22.6938">22.6938</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" value="120.999">120.999</geoCoordinate>
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; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Xiaosheng Chen</determinerName>
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; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: samplingProtocol:
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<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">sweeping</collectingMethod>
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; eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" value="2012-08-20">2012-8-20</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: modified: 2016-05-13T10:24:32Z; language: en; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Insects</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2012-08-20" collectingMethod="sweeping" collectionCode="Insects" collectorName="Ren Shun-Xiang" latitude="22.6938" location="Zhiben, Taidong county" longitude="120.999" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" specimenCode="SCAU (E) 11670" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="7" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: catalogNumber:
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<specimenCode pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">SCAU (E) 11670</specimenCode>
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; recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Ren Shun-Xiang</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">7</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">female</specimenType>
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; lifeStage:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">adult</specimenType>
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; Taxon: scientificName: Nephaspisindus; Location: island: Taiwan; locality:
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9228D78631F91952FDA79C5AEFA082BA:FC8553E229BC33AB950EB961D635E473" latitude="22.6938" longitude="120.999" name="Zhiben, Taidong county" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Zhiben, Taidong county</location>
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; verbatimElevation:
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<elevation pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">140 m</elevation>
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; locationRemarks: label transliteration: "Taiwan, Taidong, Zhiben, 2012.08.20, Ren Shunxiang"; [台湾台东知本 140 m, 22°41.63'N 120°59.94'E, 2012.08.21, sweeping,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="任顺祥">任顺祥</normalizedToken>
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]; verbatimCoordinates: 22°41.63'N 120°59.94'E; decimalLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" value="22.6938">22.6938</geoCoordinate>
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; decimalLongitude:
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<geoCoordinate orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" value="120.999">120.999</geoCoordinate>
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; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy:
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<determinerName pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Xiaosheng Chen</determinerName>
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; dateIdentified: 2016; Event: samplingProtocol:
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<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">sweeping</collectingMethod>
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; eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" value="2012-08-20">2012-8-20</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: modified: 2016-05-13T10:24:32Z; language: en; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Insects</collectionCode>
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; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">TL: 1.23-1.32 mm, TW: 0.87-0.92mm, TH: 0.67-0.69mm, TL/TW: 1.41-1.43, PL/PW: 0.52-0.53, EL/EW: 1.05-1.07, HW/PW: 0.61-0.62, PW/EW: 0.84-0.85.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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Body rounded oval, moderately convex, dorsum covered with white pubescence (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–f">a-f</normalizedToken>
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). Head, antennae and mouthparts yellow in male (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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). Pronotum yellow with dark brown at central base. Scutellum black. Elytra black with apical 1/15 yellow. Prothoracic hypomeron and prosternum yellow. Mesoventrite and metaventrite reddish brown to black. Elytral epipleuron black. Legs yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Head with fine frontal punctures, as large as eye facets, 0.5 diameter apart. Eyes densely faceted, interocular distance 0.44 times head width. Pronotal punctures smaller than those on frons, 1.0-1.5 diameters apart. Surface of elytra with punctures larger than those on pronotum, separated by 1.0-2.0 diameters. Prosternal process very short, transversely oval (Fig. 1b). Abdominal postcoxal lines strongly recurved and distinctly incomplete laterally (Fig. 2g), nearly reaching posterior margin of abdominal ventrite 1, area enclosed by lines coarsely punctate, broadly smooth along line. Abdominal ventrite 5 with apex truncate in both sexes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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Male genitalia. Penis long, strongly curved at basal 1/2 length (Fig. 2h); penis capsule with long inner arm and short outer arm; apex of penis with membranous appendage (Fig. 2i). Tegmen stout (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="j–k">j-k</normalizedToken>
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) with penis guide widest at base, tapering gradually to pointed apex in ventral view (Fig. 2j) and its base with prominent dorsal keel in lateral view (Fig. 2k). Parameres tapering toward apex, as long as 2/3 length of penis guide, covered with several long setae at apices (Fig. 2k).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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Female externally similar to male but with black pronotum (Fig. 2d) except anterolateral angles yellow (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="e–f">e-f</normalizedToken>
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); head yellow with vertex dark brown (Fig. 2e).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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This species is similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis bicolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicolor">Nephaspis bicolor</taxonomicName>
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Gordon, 1982 in general appearance, but can be distinguished from the latter by details of male genitalia, particularly the stout penis guide with a dorsal keel at basal 1/3 length in lateral view (Fig. 2k) and the black pronotum with yellow anterolateral angles in female (Fig. 2e). In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bicolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="species" species="bicolor">N. bicolor</taxonomicName>
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, the penis guide with a high dorsal keel at basal half in lateral view and the yellow pronotum with median 1/3 dark brown in female (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, R. D." journalOrPublisher="Frustula Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="1 - 50" title="South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part V: A taxonomic revision of the genus Nephaspis Casey" volume="19" year="1996">Gordon 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Taiwan, Hawaii, Trinidad, Honduras.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Notes</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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There was some confusion about the taxonomy and nomenclature of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. indus" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="species" species="indus">N. indus</taxonomicName>
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. This species was introduced from Honduras, Trinidad and the West Indies into Hawaii as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. amnicola" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="species" species="amnicola">N. amnicola</taxonomicName>
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in 1979-1980 where it became effective in biological control of the spiralling whitefly (
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<bibRefCitation author="Kumashiro, B. R." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="261 - 269" title="Efficacy of Nephaspisamnicola and Encarsia? haitiensis in controlling Aleurodicusdispersus in Hawaii" volume="24" year="1983">Kumashiro et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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). A few years later,
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<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, R. D." journalOrPublisher="Frustula Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="1 - 50" title="South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part V: A taxonomic revision of the genus Nephaspis Casey" volume="19" year="1996">Gordon (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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described a new species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. indus" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="species" species="indus">N. indus</taxonomicName>
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, based on the specimens from Hawaii. Actually, this is a Trinidadian species, although the type series were all from Hawaii. He also pointed out that the male genitalia figured in
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<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, R. D." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="332 - 336" title="Two new species of Nephaspis Casey (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Trinidad and Colombia." volume="84" year="1982">Gordon (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bicolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="species" species="bicolor">N. bicolor</taxonomicName>
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are those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. indus" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="species" species="indus">N. indus</taxonomicName>
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, because a male of the latter species was mixed in with the type series of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. bicolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="species" species="bicolor">N. bicolor</taxonomicName>
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and that was the specimen selected for illustration (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, R. D." journalOrPublisher="Frustula Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="1 - 50" title="South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part V: A taxonomic revision of the genus Nephaspis Casey" volume="19" year="1996">Gordon 1996</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |