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<mods:title id="64D2FE2A30DEBDB334F5989FFDBE0A1C">Four new species of Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Pacific hot vents and cold seeps, with a key and synoptic table of characters for all genera</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="76816534FFD3B740838EFF39FE4AFF56" box="[151,494,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3E2436BFFFD3B740838EFF39FE4AFF56" blockId="22.[151,494,151,177]" box="[151,494,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<heading id="656C81D3FFD3B740838EFF39FE4AFF56" bold="true" box="[151,494,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B740838EFF39FE4AFF56" ID-CoL="84LCR" authority="Hessle, 1917" authorityName="Hessle" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,494,151,177]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740838EFF39FE4AFF56" bold="true" box="[151,494,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740838EFF39FEE9FF56" bold="true" box="[151,333,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B740824DFF39FE4AFF56" author="Hessle" box="[340,494,151,177]" pageId="22" pageNumber="38" refString="Hessle, C. (1917) Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 5, 39 - 258." type="journal article" year="1917">Hessle, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="3E2436BFFFD3B740838EFF4FFD68FEFF" blockId="22.[151,716,225,281]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740838EFF4FFE89FF1E" bold="true" box="[151,301,225,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<typeStatus id="E120881DFFD3B740838EFF4FFF6BFF1E" box="[151,207,225,249]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B740822AFF4FFEA2FEFE" authority="Hessle, 1917 Synonym" authorityName="Hessle, 1917 Synonym" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740822AFF4FFD91FF1F" box="[307,565,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B7408125FF4FFD61FF1F" author="Hessle" box="[572,709,225,248]" pageId="22" pageNumber="38" refString="Hessle, C. (1917) Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 5, 39 - 258." type="journal article" year="1917">Hessle, 1917</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740838EFEAFFEA2FEFE" bold="true" box="[151,262,257,281]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Synonym</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B7408208FEAFFD35FEFF" authority="Williams, 1987: 256" authorityName="Williams" authorityPageNumber="256" authorityYear="1987" box="[273,657,257,280]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Mooresamytha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408208FEAFFE14FEFF" box="[273,432,257,280]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mooresamytha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B74082AFFEAFFDF9FEFF" author="Williams" box="[438,605,257,280]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Williams, S. J. (1987) Taxonomic notes on some Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from Southern California. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 7, 251 - 258." type="journal article" year="1987">Williams, 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 256
</taxonomicName>
257.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E2436BFFFD3B740838EFEE9FCB9FE48" blockId="22.[151,1438,327,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740838EFEE9FDAEFE86" bold="true" box="[151,522,327,353]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Generic diagnosis (emended):</emphasis>
Prostomium without glandular ridges. Buccal tentacles smooth. Four pairs of cirriform branchiae. Segment II without chaetae. Thorax with 17 chaetigers and 14 uncinigers. No modified segment. Glandular pads above abdominal neuropodia.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="76816534FFD3B74083DFFE15FCC9FC98" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3E2436BFFFD3B74083DFFE15FCC9FC98" blockId="22.[151,1438,327,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B74083DFFE15FEE6FE32" bold="true" box="[198,322,443,469]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks:</emphasis>
The different interpretation of abdominal structures referred to as rudimentary notopodia, glandular pads or glandular rudimentary notopodia is confusing in this genus.
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B740873EFE4CFB6FFE1B" author="Hessle" box="[1063,1227,482,508]" pageId="22" pageNumber="38" refString="Hessle, C. (1917) Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 5, 39 - 258." type="journal article" year="1917">Hessle (1917)</bibRefCitation>
erected the genus
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B740838EFDA7FEECFDC5" box="[151,328,521,546]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740838EFDA7FEECFDC5" box="[151,328,521,546]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B7408263FDA7FD67FDC4" authority="Moore, 1906" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1906" box="[378,707,521,547]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bioculata">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408263FDA7FE28FDC5" box="[378,396,521,546]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408285FDA7FDA9FDC5" box="[412,525,521,546]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">bioculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B7408104FDA7FD1FFDC4" author="Moore" box="[541,699,521,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="39" refString="Moore, J. P. (1906) Additional new species of Polychaeta from the North Pacific. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1906, 217 - 260." type="proceedings paper" year="1906">Moore, 1906</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and the
<typeStatus id="E120881DFFD3B7408032FDA7FCFBFDC4" box="[811,863,521,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B74080DCFDA7FB55FDC4" authority="Hessle, 1917" authorityName="Hessle" authorityYear="1917" box="[965,1265,521,547]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B74080DCFDA7FC73FDC5" box="[965,983,521,546]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B74080FFFDA7FBEAFDC5" box="[998,1102,521,546]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">japonica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B740874FFDA7FB55FDC4" author="Hessle" box="[1110,1265,521,547]" pageId="22" pageNumber="38" refString="Hessle, C. (1917) Zur Kenntnis der terebellomorphen Polychaeten. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 5, 39 - 258." type="journal article" year="1917">Hessle, 1917</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
- which have, according to Hessle, distinct abdominal rudimentary notopodia, a character later confirmed by
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B74087F7FD9EFADCFDAD" author="Day" box="[1262,1400,560,586]" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" refString="Day, J. H. (1964) A review of the family Ampharetidae (Polychaeta). Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (4), 97 - 120." type="journal article" year="1964">Day (1964)</bibRefCitation>
. The other species known so far,
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B7408139FDF9FB86FD97" authority="Zottoli, 1983" authorityName="Zottoli" authorityYear="1983" box="[544,1058,598,624]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="galapagensis">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408139FDF9FCDDFD97" box="[544,889,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha galapagensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B7408098FDF8FB86FD97" author="Zottoli" box="[897,1058,598,624]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Zottoli, R. A. (1983 a) Amphisamytha galapagensis, a new species of ampharetid polychaete from the vicinity of abyssal hydrothermal vents in the Galapagos Rift, and the role of this species in rift ecosystems. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96 (3), 379 - 391." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Zottoli, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
a, and
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B7408769FDF9FD36FD70" authority="Solis-Weiss &amp; Hernandez-Alcantara, 1994" authorityName="Solis-Weiss &amp; Hernandez-Alcantara" authorityYear="1994" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fauchaldi">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408769FDF9FA39FD97" box="[1136,1437,599,624]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha fauchaldi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B740838EFDD3FD36FD70" author="Solis-Weiss" box="[151,658,637,663]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Solis-Weiss, V. &amp; Hernandez-Alcantara, P. (1994) Amphisamytha fauchaldi: a new species of ampharetid (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the hydrothermal vents at Guaymas Basin, Mexico. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 93 (3), 127 - 134." type="journal article" year="1994">Solís-Weiss &amp; Hernández-Alcántara, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, both described from Pacific hot vents, have been included in the genus although they do not have abdominal rudimentary notopodia. Instead, they are described as having glandular pads, an
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740826DFD64FE66FD04" box="[372,450,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">ad hoc</emphasis>
expression coined by
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B74081D1FD64FCDFFD03" author="Zottoli" box="[712,891,714,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Zottoli, R. A. (1983 a) Amphisamytha galapagensis, a new species of ampharetid polychaete from the vicinity of abyssal hydrothermal vents in the Galapagos Rift, and the role of this species in rift ecosystems. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 96 (3), 379 - 391." type="journal article" year="1983" yearSuffix="a">Zottoli (1983a)</bibRefCitation>
in order to describe puffy structures above the abdominal neuropodia. Indeed, the interpretation of the glandular pads as rudimentary neuropodia seems to be doubtful as our examination of the respective
<typeStatus id="E120881DFFD3B74081B6FCB6FC85FCD5" box="[687,801,792,818]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
showed. The term &quot;glandular pads&quot; is also used in the description of
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B7408259FC91FCE6FCBF" authority="Desbruyeres &amp; Laubier, 1996" authorityName="Desbruyeres &amp; Laubier" authorityYear="1996" box="[320,834,830,856]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amathys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lutzi">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408259FC91FE7AFCBF" box="[320,478,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amathys lutzi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B74082FCFC90FCE6FCBF" author="Desbruyeres" box="[485,834,830,856]" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" refString="Desbruyeres, D. &amp; Laubier, L. (1996) A new genus and species of ampharetid polychaete from deep-sea hydrothermal vent community in the Azores triple-junction area. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 109 (2), 248 - 255." type="journal article" year="1996">Desbruyères &amp; Laubier, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, the only ampharetid species currently known from Atlantic hot vents that shares many traits with
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B74081A1FCCBFCC2FC99" box="[696,870,869,894]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B74081A1FCCBFCC2FC99" box="[696,870,869,894]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76816534FFD3B74083DCFC22FC20FA91" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3E2436BFFFD3B74083DCFC22FBBEFB53" blockId="22.[151,1438,327,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
For
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B74083EFFC22FE2DFC42" ID-CoL="D5FJ" box="[246,393,908,934]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bioculata">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B74083EFFC22FEACFC42" box="[246,264,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408201FC22FE2DFC42" box="[280,393,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">bioculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the rudimentary notopodia have been described as “small papillae” by
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B74087F7FC22FA3CFC41" author="Moore" box="[1262,1432,908,934]" pageId="22" pageNumber="39" refString="Moore, J. P. (1906) Additional new species of Polychaeta from the North Pacific. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1906, 217 - 260." type="proceedings paper" year="1906">Moore (1906)</bibRefCitation>
, while
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B74083FFFC1CFE13FC2B" author="Williams" box="[230,439,946,972]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Williams, S. J. (1987) Taxonomic notes on some Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from Southern California. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 7, 251 - 258." type="journal article" year="1987">Williams (1987)</bibRefCitation>
described the puffy structures (glandular pads) as rudimentary notopodia and considered their small papillae as cirri.
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B7408160FC77FCBBFC14" author="Hilbig" box="[633,799,985,1011]" pageId="22" pageNumber="38" refString="Hilbig, B. (2000) Family Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1867. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. V. (Eds.): Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae to Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 169 - 230." type="book chapter" year="2000">Hilbig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
states that “the notopodial rudiments are reduced to distinct but low ridges with a very small distal part barely emerging from the dorsal body wall“ whereas the ridges correspond to the glandular pads and the small distal part to the cirri in
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B7408755FB89FAA8FBA7" ID-CoL="D5FM" box="[1100,1292,1062,1088]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="galapagensis">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408755FB89FBFAFBA7" box="[1100,1118,1063,1088]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408777FB89FAA8FBA7" box="[1134,1292,1063,1088]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">galapagensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the new species described here, there are also glandular pads with minute dorsal papillae.
<collectingCountry id="468C762FFFD3B7408798FBE3FB07FB80" box="[1153,1187,1101,1127]" name="American Samoa" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">As</collectingCountry>
it is not clear, if the glandular pads or their small papillae can be related to rudimentary notopodia, we suggest avoiding this term for the genus
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B740822EFB35FE41FB53" ID-CoL="84LCR" box="[311,485,1179,1204]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740822EFB35FE41FB53" box="[311,485,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and use glandular pads and dorsal cirri, instead.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E2436BFFFD3B74083DCFB6FFC20FA91" blockId="22.[151,1438,327,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B74083DCFB6FFE2EFB3C" author="Williams" box="[197,394,1217,1243]" pageId="22" pageNumber="40" refString="Williams, S. J. (1987) Taxonomic notes on some Ampharetidae (Polychaeta) from Southern California. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 7, 251 - 258." type="journal article" year="1987">Williams (1987)</bibRefCitation>
erected a monospecific genus
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B74081E6FB6FFC15FB3D" ID-CoL="d6766048-5f4a-408a-aa5e-dad1855033bd" box="[767,945,1217,1242]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Mooresamytha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B74081E6FB6FFC15FB3D" box="[767,945,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mooresamytha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the species
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B7408768FB6FFA38FB3D" ID-CoL="D5FJ" box="[1137,1436,1217,1242]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bioculata">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B7408768FB6FFA38FB3D" box="[1137,1436,1217,1242]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha bioculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on arrangement of branchiae and the presence of dorsal cirri on abdominal glandular pads (rudimentary notopodia in Williams description).
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B740819AFAA0FC93FACF" author="Hilbig" box="[643,823,1294,1320]" pageId="22" pageNumber="38" refString="Hilbig, B. (2000) Family Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1867. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. &amp; Scott, P. V. (Eds.): Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. The Annelida Part 4. Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae to Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 169 - 230." type="book chapter" year="2000">Hilbig (2000)</bibRefCitation>
considers
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B74080DEFAA1FB2CFACF" ID-CoL="d6766048-5f4a-408a-aa5e-dad1855033bd" box="[967,1160,1295,1320]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Mooresamytha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B74080DEFAA1FB2CFACF" box="[967,1160,1295,1320]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Mooresamytha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B740838EFA9BFEE1FAA9" ID-CoL="84LCR" box="[151,325,1333,1358]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740838EFA9BFEE1FAA9" box="[151,325,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of interspecific variability of both characters. This line of arguments is followed here, especially because we found dorsal papillae in this new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="76816534FFD3B74083DCFA2CFC8CFA0D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="3E2436BFFFD3B74083DCFA2CFC8CFA0D" blockId="22.[151,1438,327,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
In his review of the
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B74082DCFA2CFC95FA7B" authority="Jirkov (2001)" authorityName="Jirkov" authorityYear="2001" box="[453,817,1410,1436]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
Ampharetidae,
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B740819EFA2CFC95FA7B" author="Jirkov" box="[647,817,1410,1436]" pageId="22" pageNumber="39" refString="Jirkov, I. A. (2001) [Polychaeta of the Arctic Ocean]. Yanus-K, Moskva, 632 pp (in Russian)." type="book" year="2001">Jirkov (2001)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
considers
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B74080A0FA2DFBD6FA7B" box="[953,1138,1411,1436]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Amphisamytha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B74080A0FA2DFBD6FA7B" box="[953,1138,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Amphisamytha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="F99B4D3CFFD3B740838EFA07FE93FA25" box="[151,311,1449,1474]" class="Polychaeta" family="Ampharetidae" genus="Phyllocomus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Terebellida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0CEFEAADFFD3B740838EFA07FE93FA25" box="[151,311,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Phyllocomus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. His reasoning is not completely clear to us and we therefore decided to use the classical systematics from
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B740827CFA7EFE4FFA0D" author="Day" box="[357,491,1488,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" refString="Day, J. H. (1964) A review of the family Ampharetidae (Polychaeta). Annals of the South African Museum, 48 (4), 97 - 120." type="journal article" year="1964">Day (1964)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B740813CFA7EFD74FA0D" author="Holthe" box="[549,720,1488,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="38" refString="Holthe, T. (1986 a) Evolution, systematics, and distribution of the Polychaeta Terebellomorpha, with a catalogue of the taxa and a bibliography. Gunneria, 55, 1 - 236." type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="a">Holthe (1986a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5A0A4B4EFFD3B74081C5FA7EFCBFFA0D" author="Holthe" box="[732,795,1488,1514]" pageId="22" pageNumber="38" refString="Holthe, T. (2001) The Polychaeta Terebellida Homepage. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim. Available from: http: // folk. ntnu. no / vmzothol / TERHP. htm (last update February 9 th, 2001)." type="book chapter" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>