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<mods:title id="F131E67DE0E6BBEEF987E91563A28D31">New species and a fascinating diversity of Chironomidae (Diptera, Insecta) in and around an overlooked urban vernal pool</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE276BD4B8A45FA56770C9858089E45D">Namayandeh, Armin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="533D0EBE9A78998AAF044961D1A710F0">Ghaderi, Edris</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="49712A004A879680BD568D49AD04B549">Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran &amp; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="AE54BCCD4A5537EB4D81A4D8A1DE0345">Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mercer University, 1501 Mercer University Drive, Macon, GA 31207, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="1BA60350CA83B2BAFD3C54FAF31B9C5C" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="85E5EEC3E499EACB343374AF10DDB8BF">
<taxonomicName id="5E8572FDF52ED6A2F5D252B14C39DA2C" ID-CoL="63MXN" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="C327ED614DEE709C7C7FD20D09283341" italics="true">Polypedilum</emphasis>
(s. s.) sp.
</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="805F3140BE72CA04E7BE0053123C9240">
<heading id="CD793BB7080FD5AA42C9E74E2B9F7719" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
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<paragraph id="A14D56123A766CBCD0C4E64C19578F4B">
The adult males of the
<taxonomicName id="96E83598941C277C5292D92C3F9185DC" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0A59CBF66FFF3907A687934B9522E01D" italics="true">Polypedilum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="F0DE2D840249D5FA61A8416339562AC4" italics="true">s. s.</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
specimens that we collected from Pond A resemble
<taxonomicName id="A54CEBD763FD113683CFB1DBF90374C3" authority="Townes, 1945" authorityName="Townes" authorityYear="1945" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trigonus">
<emphasis id="C3479AB73F8271F42281B12B57E58F49" italics="true">Polypedilum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="61AE985F3AA8CAA30734B8A457EC743D" italics="true">s. s.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="15E435C222E9032983E56401786D7114" italics="true">trigonus</emphasis>
, Townes, 1945
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. However, these adults did not key out to any known Nearctic adult male in the
<emphasis id="40921CCED17FB4DA8681174F52AC9944" italics="true">
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="7D46845198AFC6864F644E8A7DB7864E" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polypedilum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
based on
<bibRefCitation id="7BB93B9DAD47B06B291D3774FE04CD94" author="Maschwitz DE &amp; Cook EF" firstAuthor="Maschwitz" journalOrPublisher="Ohio, Hilliard" refId="B34" refString="Maschwitz DE, Cook EF (2000) Revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the subgenera P. (Polypedilum) Kieffer and P. (Uresipedilum) Oyewo and Sæther. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series Vol. 12. Ohio, Hilliard, 135 pp." title="Revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the subgenera P. (Polypedilum) Kieffer and P. (Uresipedilum) Oyewo and Sæther. Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin New Series Vol. 12." year="2000">Maschwitz and Cook (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. The adult male of this species is distinguished by the following characteristics: head, thorax, and abdomen uniformly dark brown, legs stramineous; AR 1.8; wing unmarked; anal point extending to or slightly higher than inferior volsella; superior volsella without tubercle, sickle-shaped, robust at the base narrowing and bent at apex; inferior volsella tubular and narrow. Based on the molecular data obtained, the species does not match any known
<taxonomicName id="8570E1A7D67179F55E943E20C38CB1A9">
<emphasis id="BB7DECED38CDF6091A83A668AF4A604D" italics="true">Polypedilum</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in GenBank or
<collectionCode id="5C999E1580C1BA926E198C37FDB13269">BOLD</collectionCode>
, only to sequences identified only as
<taxonomicName id="2545E94D5664453A9E8AE4F5EAFA4B53" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Polypedilum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="A1EEB414CFC232F0084AB21F43063306" italics="true">Polypedilum</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, accession numbers
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<accessionNumber id="674707390EAECCFC7756AB71FCD57F8E" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HQ982463">HQ 982463</accessionNumber>
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and
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<accessionNumber id="C22937566BA75F46D0FD29FBAC7AAC85" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/HQ981830">HQ 981830</accessionNumber>
</ext-link>
. The adult males obtained in this study possibly represent a new species. However, we need to examine more materials, including those of the related species, before we can make the decision on the status of this species. The hypopygium of the adult male is shown in Fig.
<specimenCount id="840DEE46B224FFB5A29C6F823B35F81D" count="6" type="generic">
<figureCitation id="285473684207B41F43CFBB34491BF068" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Gallery of Chironomidae species collected from Pond A, 202223 A. Labrundinia pilosella (Loew, 1866) B Allocladius nanseni (Kieffer, 1926) C, D Cricotopus (Isocladius) intersectus (Staeger, 1839) E Diplosmittia harrisoni Sæther, 1981 F Smittia aterima (Meigen, 1818) G, H Smittia terrestris Goetghebuer, 1941 I Chironomus (s. s.) acidophilus Keyl, 1960 J Chironomus (s. s.) bifurcatus Wülker et al., 2009 K Chironomus sp. butleri of Martin (2023) L Chironomus (s. s.) maturus Johannsen, 1908 M Chironomus (s. s.) atrella (Townes, 1945) N Chironomus (Lobochironomus) dorsalis Meigen, 1818 O Kiefferulus dux (Johannsen, 1905) P Polypedilum (s. s.) sp. Q Tanytarsus guerlus (Roback, 1957) R Tribelos jucundum (Walker, 1858)., B, E, F, I R male hypopygium C female sternites and genitalia D, G female antenna H female wing. Scale bars: 50 μm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1208.124495.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1103617">6 P</figureCitation>
.
</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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