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<document id="49866DFE8997DB3F297FCC06DD16B1D0" ID-CLB-Dataset="21345" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2020.698" ID-GBIF-Dataset="be802d18-f06f-4e22-9856-8b037f21ca52" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3978511" ID-ZooBank="623BBCE3-12A5-45A9-802A-2ED2E15164A3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597081950579" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Calcinai, Barbara, Belfiore, Giuseppe, Pica, Daniela, Torsani, Fabrizio, Palma, Marco &amp; Cerrano, Carlo" docDate="2020" docId="F52B791AFFF2E933812BFDC8C236F416" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-698_calcinai_belfiori_pica.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 698" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Myrmekioderma granulatum" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="09120162FFE6E926833CFFB0C636F001" masterDocTitle="Porifera from Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique)" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698844257787" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="81B984A70C7265253897E95816778C4F">Porifera from Ponta do Ouro (Mozambique)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="38C0E89361F24E7A7E7B58C62E1FE9F4">Calcinai, Barbara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="60F05015C96836B1C73A6C7D2B7A7623">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="04D12EE6B7CEE128AEAFFFD438C9DAA2">Belfiore, Giuseppe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5693464E678E1A2D915E7C085D9A55B9">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="192D9EB58EBB2852C7A4F3F411615F57">Pica, Daniela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BFE02260E97CD124572A73293F7DF120">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="924A7B733D935E8BCD18BB8AD046E857">Torsani, Fabrizio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2BA2972356096D9DFE7B52AB309B1E3E">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="F023097355EB2575E220767A19133CD1">Palma, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0084EEFEDE5CAD8E6A6C26042E93669A">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B2EF143A773696517D9E1D6CEAF274DA">Cerrano, Carlo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BA6EDA0C878A365AAE39F4D907ADC5EA">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dellAmbiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CF639890688192BD47DFCBCA2C5B504D">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5099DD6B240BB395B79311053133F6EF">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F52B791AFFF2E933812BFDC8C236F416" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335424" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166159917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4335424" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F52B791AFFF2E933812BFDC8C236F416" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F52B791AFFF2E933812BFDC8C236F416" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="BA82B38FFFF2E932812BFDC8C22AF293" authority="(Esper, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[535,1052,632,659]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulatum">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E932812BFDC8C540F292" bold="true" box="[535,886,632,659]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Myrmekioderma granulatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF2E93280BAFDC8C222F293" author="Esper" box="[902,1044,632,658]" firstAuthor="Esper" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref20443" refString="Esper E. J. C. 1829. Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil. Raspe, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1829">Esper, 1829</bibRefCitation>
)
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF2E93281CCFD2BC575F2B4" blockId="20.[535,1052,632,693]" box="[752,835,667,693]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<figureCitation id="E5B9D489FFF2E93281CCFD2BC575F2B4" box="[752,835,667,693]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[188,231,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 12. Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829). A. Specimen PO98 in situ. B. Ectosomal skeleton. C. Microspined and flexuous oxea. D. Magnifications of the tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3978535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3978535/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="35989B87FFF2E9328381FD6DC4D5F2F6" box="[189,739,733,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF2E9328381FD6DC4D5F2F6" blockId="20.[189,739,733,759]" box="[189,739,733,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5D92EF22FFF2E9328381FD6DC4D5F2F6" box="[189,739,733,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitation id="FC23EE1DFFF2E9328381FD6DC4BAF2F6" author="Esper E. J. C." box="[189,652,733,759]" page="71" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1829">
<taxonomicName id="BA82B38FFFF2E9328381FD6DC4BAF2F6" authority="Esper, 1829: 71" authorityName="Esper" authorityPageNumber="71" authorityYear="1829" box="[189,652,733,759]" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Alcyonium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="granulatum">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E9328381FD6DC7FDF2F6" box="[189,459,733,759]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Alcyonium granulatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF2E93282EEFD6DC4BAF2F6" author="Esper" box="[466,652,733,759]" firstAuthor="Esper" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref20443" refString="Esper E. J. C. 1829. Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil. Raspe, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1829">Esper, 1829: 71</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 24.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="35989B87FFF2E9328381FCAEC466F38B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF2E9328381FCAEC79CF339" blockId="20.[189,426,798,824]" box="[189,426,798,824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="26757F60FFF2E9328381FCAEC79CF339" bold="true" box="[189,426,798,824]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E9328381FCAEC79CF339" bold="true" box="[189,426,798,824]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF2E9328381FCFDC466F38B" blockId="20.[189,1398,843,906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<materialsCitation id="CDEAC251FFF2E9328381FCFDC47AF38B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825837313" collectingDate="2017-04-20" collectionCode="PO" collectorName="Cerrano" elevation="18" latitude="-26.83067" location="PONTA DO OURO" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="32.896103" municipality="PONTA DO OURO" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="PO98" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="9D595276FFF2E9328381FCFDC79EF366" box="[189,424,845,871]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">PONTA DO OURO</collectingMunicipality>
<specimenCount id="6B840385FFF2E93282FEFCFDC474F366" box="[450,578,845,871]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">1 fragment</specimenCount>
3×2 ×
<quantity id="BA7A65E9FFF2E93281ABFCFDC4E2F366" box="[663,724,845,871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
;
<geoCoordinate id="18B6AECBFFF2E93281DDFCFBC593F366" box="[737,933,843,871]" degrees="26" direction="south" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" precision="1" seconds="50.408" value="-26.83067">26°4950.408″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="18B6AECBFFF2E932808EFCFBC25CF366" box="[946,1130,843,871]" degrees="32" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" precision="1" seconds="45.97" value="32.896103">32°5345.97″ E</geoCoordinate>
; Doodle;
<quantity id="BA7A65E9FFF2E93287E1FCFDC319F366" box="[1245,1327,845,871]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="17.6">
<elevation id="F6AF2F3FFFF2E93287E1FCFDC319F366" box="[1245,1327,845,871]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.76" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="17.6">17.6 m</elevation>
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deep;
<date id="093CEECCFFF2E9328381FCC0C76FF38B" box="[189,345,880,906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2017-04-20">
<collectingDate id="19781724FFF2E9328381FCC0C76FF38B" box="[189,345,880,906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2017-04-20">20 Apr. 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="D077ADDAFFF2E9328259FCC0C7F5F38B" box="[357,451,880,906]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Cerrano</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="2D246077FFF2E9328139FCC0C47AF38B" box="[517,588,880,906]" collectionCode="PO" country="Russia" name="Collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">PO98</specimenCode>
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF2E9328381FC01C778F3CA" blockId="20.[189,334,945,971]" box="[189,334,945,971]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="26757F60FFF2E9328381FC01C778F3CA" bold="true" box="[189,334,945,971]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E9328381FC01C778F3CA" bold="true" box="[189,334,945,971]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF2E9328381FC50C2C0F462" blockId="20.[189,1399,992,1124]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Live sponge massive, bulbous, partially burrowing (
<figureCitation id="E5B9D489FFF2E9328011FC50C5ACF3FB" box="[813,922,992,1018]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[188,231,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 12. Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829). A. Specimen PO98 in situ. B. Ectosomal skeleton. C. Microspined and flexuous oxea. D. Magnifications of the tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3978535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3978535/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
) and with the surface covered by large, circular, low, rounded plates, similar to flat tubercles. Color bright orange, while the tubercles are darkred, brownish colored (
<figureCitation id="E5B9D489FFF2E93282E8FB96C475F441" box="[468,579,1062,1088]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[188,231,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 12. Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829). A. Specimen PO98 in situ. B. Ectosomal skeleton. C. Microspined and flexuous oxea. D. Magnifications of the tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3978535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3978535/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
); the sample preserved in alcohol is beige. The sponge is fleshy and compressible. The surface appears smooth, but is micro-hispid at microscope magnification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF2E9328381FB3BC5D5F4C9" blockId="20.[189,1398,1163,1225]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
SKELETON. Ectosome composed of brushes of densely packed spicules (
<figureCitation id="E5B9D489FFF2E9328770FB3BC2F6F4A4" box="[1100,1216,1163,1189]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[188,231,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 12. Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829). A. Specimen PO98 in situ. B. Ectosomal skeleton. C. Microspined and flexuous oxea. D. Magnifications of the tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3978535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3978535/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
). Choanosome constituted by a lax skeleton of ascending fibers of oxeas (
<figureCitation id="E5B9D489FFF2E9328056FB1EC5E3F4C9" box="[874,981,1198,1224]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[188,231,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 12. Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829). A. Specimen PO98 in situ. B. Ectosomal skeleton. C. Microspined and flexuous oxea. D. Magnifications of the tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3978535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3978535/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF2E9328380F81AC580F7E9" blockId="20.[188,1399,1962,2024]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E9328380F81AC72EF7C5" bold="true" box="[188,280,1962,1988]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BA82B38FFFF2E9328223F81AC52AF7C4" authority="(Esper, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[287,796,1962,1989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulatum">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E9328223F81AC444F7C5" box="[287,626,1962,1988]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Myrmekioderma granulatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF2E93281BDF81BC524F7C4" author="Esper" box="[641,786,1963,1989]" firstAuthor="Esper" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref20443" refString="Esper E. J. C. 1829. Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil. Raspe, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1829">Esper, 1829</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E932801BF81AC50AF7C5" bold="true" box="[807,828,1962,1988]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
. Specimen PO98
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E932872CF81BC26EF7C5" box="[1040,1112,1963,1988]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">in situ</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E9328754F81BC24AF7C4" bold="true" box="[1128,1148,1963,1989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
. Ectosomal skeleton.
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E9328380F87DC6E7F7E6" bold="true" box="[188,209,1997,2023]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
. Microspined and flexuous oxea.
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF2E9328162F87EC445F7E9" bold="true" box="[606,627,1998,2024]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
. Magnifications of the tips.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF3E9338381FEBBC23BF16B" blockId="21.[189,1398,267,363]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
SPICULES. Oxeas microspined, slightly curved or flexuous (
<figureCitation id="E5B9D489FFF3E933804EFEBBC5EBF124" box="[882,989,267,293]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[188,231,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 12. Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829). A. Specimen PO98 in situ. B. Ectosomal skeleton. C. Microspined and flexuous oxea. D. Magnifications of the tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3978535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3978535/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
), 260(415, 176.6)
<quantity id="BA7A65E9FFF3E93387F2FEBBC31DF127" box="[1230,1323,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="840.0">840 µm</quantity>
×7.5 (10, 2)
<quantity id="BA7A65E9FFF3E933822BFE9DC74FF149" box="[279,377,301,328]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 µm</quantity>
, tips acerate or stepped (
<figureCitation id="E5B9D489FFF3E93381B0FE9DC4C0F149" box="[652,758,301,328]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[188,231,1962,1988]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[190,1398,1261,1924]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 12. Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829). A. Specimen PO98 in situ. B. Ectosomal skeleton. C. Microspined and flexuous oxea. D. Magnifications of the tips." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3978535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3978535/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
); less common, smooth oxeas with same characteristics; very thin raphids, in thricodragmas, on the surface 22.5(29.25)
<quantity id="BA7A65E9FFF3E9338085FEE0C23FF16B" box="[953,1033,336,363]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="35989B87FFF3E9338381FE21C236F416" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF3E9338381FE21C719F1AA" blockId="21.[189,303,401,427]" box="[189,303,401,427]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="26757F60FFF3E9338381FE21C719F1AA" bold="true" box="[189,303,401,427]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E9338381FE21C719F1AA" bold="true" box="[189,303,401,427]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF3E9338381FE0EC553F21C" blockId="21.[189,1399,446,541]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The specimen belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="BA82B38FFFF3E9338145FE0EC5E9F1D9" authority="Elhers, 1870" authorityName="Elhers" authorityYear="1870" box="[633,991,446,472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E9338145FE0EC50DF1D9" box="[633,827,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Myrmekioderma</emphasis>
Elhers, 1870
</taxonomicName>
characterized by a halichondroid organization of the choanosomal skeleton, a detachable ectosomal skeleton of acanthoxeas and by the presence of trichodragmata on the surface (
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF3E933818BFDB3C56FF21C" author="Hooper J. N. A." box="[695,857,515,541]" editor="Hooper J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest R. W. M." journalOrPublisher="Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York / Boston / Dordrecht / London / Moscow." pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="755 - 772" part="1" refId="ref20821" refString="Hooper J. N. A. 2002. Family Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1916. In: Hooper J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest R. W. M. (eds) Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Volume 1: 755 - 772. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York / Boston / Dordrecht / London / Moscow." title="Family Desmoxyidae Hallmann" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Volume" year="2002">Hooper 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF3E9338381FDF4C221F36E" blockId="21.[189,1399,579,880]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
To date, there are 11 species belonging to this genus, six of which have records only in the Atlantic Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF3E9338227FDD5C41DF27E" author="Van Soest" box="[283,555,613,639]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Van Soest" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref22306" refString="Van Soest R. W. M., Boury-Esnault N., Hooper J. N. A., Rutzler K., de Voogd N. J., Alvarez B., Hajdu E., Pisera A. B., Manconi R., Sch ˆ nberg C., Klautau M., Kelly M., Vacelet J., Dohrmann M., Diaz M. C., Cardenas P., Carballo J. L., Rios P., Downey R. &amp; Morrow C. C. 2019. World Porifera Database. https: // doi. org / 10.14284 / 359" type="book" year="2019">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E933829DFDD6C7D6F27E" box="[417,480,613,639]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Among the others,
<taxonomicName id="BA82B38FFFF3E933800CFDD5C2C4F27E" authority="(Row, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Row" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[816,1266,613,639]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="niveum">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E933800CFDD5C264F27E" box="[816,1106,613,639]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Myrmekioderma niveum</emphasis>
(Row, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
presents a yellowish-white color and has just one category of smooth oxeas.
<taxonomicName id="BA82B38FFFF3E93380D1FD38C737F2C4" authority="(Burton, 1959)" baseAuthorityName="Burton" baseAuthorityYear="1959" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dendyi">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E93380D1FD38C33EF2A3" box="[1005,1288,648,674]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Myrmekioderma dendyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF3E9338620FD38C6CFF2C4" author="Burton" firstAuthor="Burton" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="151 - 281" refId="ref19837" refString="Burton M. 1959. Sponges. In: Scientific Reports. John Murray Expedition 1933 - 34. 10 (5): 151 - 281. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 49512735 [accessed 9 Jul. 2020]." type="journal article" year="1959">Burton, 1959</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from
<collectingCountry id="0595889CFFF3E93382CDFD1AC449F2C5" box="[497,639,682,708]" name="Madagascar" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF3E93381B3FD1AC5A5F2C5" author="Van Soest" box="[655,915,682,708]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Van Soest" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref22306" refString="Van Soest R. W. M., Boury-Esnault N., Hooper J. N. A., Rutzler K., de Voogd N. J., Alvarez B., Hajdu E., Pisera A. B., Manconi R., Sch ˆ nberg C., Klautau M., Kelly M., Vacelet J., Dohrmann M., Diaz M. C., Cardenas P., Carballo J. L., Rios P., Downey R. &amp; Morrow C. C. 2019. World Porifera Database. https: // doi. org / 10.14284 / 359" type="book" year="2019">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E933802CFD1BC57AF2C5" box="[784,844,682,708]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
), but is characterized by an even surface with some digitate processes.
<taxonomicName id="BA82B38FFFF3E933811BFD7CC252F2E7" authority="Pulitzer-Finali, 1996" authorityName="Pulitzer-Finali" authorityYear="1996" box="[551,1124,716,742]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pacificum">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E933811BFD7CC553F2E7" box="[551,869,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Myrmekioderma pacificum</emphasis>
Pulitzer-Finali, 1996
</taxonomicName>
from the Bismark Sea has smooth and thicker oxeas (
<quantity id="BA7A65E9FFF3E933810EFD5EC496F308" box="[562,672,750,777]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="7.0">745 µm</quantity>
) with, sometimes, strongylote modifications (never found in this specimen) and longer trichodragmata (
<quantity id="BA7A65E9FFF3E933818DFCA1C57AF32A" box="[689,844,785,811]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="115.0" valueMax="130.0" valueMin="100.0">100130 µm</quantity>
).
<taxonomicName id="BA82B38FFFF3E933805CFCA1C344F32A" authority="(Keller, 1891)" baseAuthorityName="Keller" baseAuthorityYear="1891" box="[864,1394,785,811]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubercolatum">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E933805CFCA1C2F5F32A" box="[864,1219,785,811]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Myrmekioderma tubercolatum</emphasis>
(Keller, 1891)
</taxonomicName>
, found in the Red Sea, has a different morphology and the spicule composition is different, with the absence of trichodragmata and the presence of strongylote modifications.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7D3DC80CFFF3E9338381FC26C236F416" blockId="21.[189,1399,918,1047]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
The very peculiar external morphology, with the rounded plates and the oxea shape, fit the descriptions of
<taxonomicName id="BA82B38FFFF3E93383E3FC08C4D5F3D3" authority="(Esper, 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Esper" baseAuthorityYear="1829" box="[223,739,952,978]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulatum">
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E93383E3FC08C402F3D3" box="[223,564,952,978]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Myrmekioderma granulatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF3E933817AFC08C4ECF3D3" author="Esper" box="[582,730,952,978]" firstAuthor="Esper" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref20443" refString="Esper E. J. C. 1829. Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Dritter Theil. Raspe, Nurnberg." type="book" year="1829">Esper, 1829</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. This species has a wide distribution in the Indian and Pacific Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF3E9338252FC6AC45BF3F5" author="Van Soest" box="[366,621,986,1013]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Van Soest" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref22306" refString="Van Soest R. W. M., Boury-Esnault N., Hooper J. N. A., Rutzler K., de Voogd N. J., Alvarez B., Hajdu E., Pisera A. B., Manconi R., Sch ˆ nberg C., Klautau M., Kelly M., Vacelet J., Dohrmann M., Diaz M. C., Cardenas P., Carballo J. L., Rios P., Downey R. &amp; Morrow C. C. 2019. World Porifera Database. https: // doi. org / 10.14284 / 359" type="book" year="2019">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="4FF6141EFFF3E93382D0FC6BC429F3F5" box="[492,543,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
), with a corresponding high degree of variability, even concerning the presence or the absence of some spicule category (
<bibRefCitation id="1913B5FDFFF3E9338005FC4CC5C5F416" author="Bergquist" box="[825,1011,1020,1047]" firstAuthor="Bergquist" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="123 - 204" refId="ref19697" refString="Bergquist P. R. 1965. The Sponges of Micronesia, Part I. The Palau Archipelago. Pacific Science 19 (2): 123 - 204." type="journal article" year="1965">Bergquist 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>