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<mods:title id="F7B44FA6C7508682CF01848BA947D175">Taxonomic revision of the Pyrgulopsis gilae (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae) species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Gila River basin, New Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="68DB18D3332FBEA5E9E6DEEB01281057">Hershler, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="973DA041EAD6A3F94A967DB4A20CA3BB" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="0D13B4AA8C4222E44FED6E84A1F4390E" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">Taxon classification Animalia ORDO FAMILIA</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B70A37FE13A008F6ADCB150CB7FE45AE" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A7631E5AE7427FB60877A43893C6D966" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="D909D273FEAAB71F585E0F3BC655D972" ID-CoL="7SYT4" authority="Taylor, 1987" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1987" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae (Taylor, 1987)</taxonomicName>
Fig. 4
<normalizedToken id="EBA8747AF2A309A642D87564C6AAC082" originalValue="EF">E-F</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5AEEF83665E362ADACF0D0788D2BC37A" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="9D4AB834075CF9EF77E17592D2ED1359" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="035FBFF525D819B4810117A0D9A5B3F7" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Fontelicella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Fontelicella gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Fontelicella gilae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="DA87FA985115FBE1B01646979BD83CBB" author="Taylor, DW" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin" pageId="14" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 50" title="Fresh-water molluscs from New Mexico and vicinity." volume="116" year="1987">Taylor 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 16-18, fig. 7, tables 11-13 (springs on north side of East Fork of Gila River, center of sec. 3, T13S, R13W, unsurveyed, Grant County, New Mexico).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A70DF92EFFFD83CCB226C86B9BF9887D" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="0A5C3FA78787776337672547B4A898A2" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
.-
<bibRefCitation id="D5E3EF99D5939F74C056F81DB763ADC2" author="Hershler, R" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 115" title="A review of the North American freshwater snail genus Pyrgulopsis." url="10.5479/si.00810282.554" volume="554" year="1994">Hershler 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 36-38, figs 15
<normalizedToken id="C2CD1C523C827482BCFC3FA604790790" originalValue="ac">a-c</normalizedToken>
, 46c (new combination).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DFB1EDD8D4B8BC022F0FC08B5EB422ED" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="6DBDDFE59E0279AB91D2330F58C5D87F" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
.-
<bibRefCitation id="4CE99E2ADDAAD52ADBBC44936F753B81" author="Hurt, CR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="13" pageNumber="82" pagination="1173 - 1187" title="Genetic divergence, population structure and historical demography of rare springsnails (Pyrgulopsis) in the lower Colorado River basin." url="10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02121.x" volume="13" year="2004">Hurt 2004</bibRefCitation>
(in part; Gila I-III populations).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E8B5F8140FC099E780B66E4D12D536AF" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicName id="F8A7E6FA79C4E89C2996E6EFCB2799FD" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
(clade I).-
<bibRefCitation id="98698CD9063DF312F57ACE305744C5C5" author="Liu, H-P" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Genetics" pageId="13" pageNumber="82" pagination="917 - 923" title="Molecular evidence for cryptic species in a narrowly endemic western North American springsnail (Pyrgulopsis gilae)." url="10.1007/s10592-013-0483-x" volume="14" year="2013">Liu et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DF999BE3673A59E9FD4C87A67C7BA676" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" type="types">
<paragraph id="4E4B03EA24CED9810E85C1F5CCE84DE7" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A34302937C7A32EBD21DE753E93AB733" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">Holotype, LACM 2214; paratypes, BellMNH 20898, BellMNH uncat., UTEP 10054, USNM 854087 (from same lot as holotype).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F0E3F36336947DF3D4B2F45C02EB822B" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" type="referred material">
<paragraph id="05C97CA5D695514024E3F23FA3F4B363" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">Referred material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E22F618CB686D857CDB913C00EDC5CB" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">
NEW MEXICO. Grant County: USNM 1135050, USNM 1135052, spring ca. 1.29 km mile north, 0.55 km west of confluence of East Fork Gila River and Black Canyon (
<geoCoordinate id="9340346F3DEC89148EFBE1BC12972ECF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.1864">33.1864°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="545F99A8027F4D948F0B72CCB8E2698B" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-108.1675">108.1675°W</geoCoordinate>
), USNSM 1123426, USNM 1135055, USNM 1135056, spring ca. 1.53 km north, 2.38 km east of State Route 527 bridge crossing (
<geoCoordinate id="9F6662C3794C9EF22D6A4C00907FED78" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.1946">33.1946°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0B55C09DBCBDCCD9920781FC49DB762C" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-108.1804">108.1804°W</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74CEEB2830426B0E5CEAEAF1626D72D2" pageId="10" pageNumber="79" type="other material examined">
<paragraph id="CE01A555EDB4534306BA33EB39D89B2D" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">Other material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78CC8D2542DDA3E13D395593601F178E" pageId="10" pageNumber="79">
NEW MEXICO. Grant County: topotypes, USNM 1004620, USNM 1135043, USNM 1135044, spring ca. 1.53 km north, 2.90 km east of State Route 527 bridge crossing (
<geoCoordinate id="5017265500CF82A63BEE968F95971DCE" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.1917">33.1917°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="986C47F6F1B20E4E62EA2EB0948645EF" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-108.1742">108.1742°W</geoCoordinate>
), BellMNH uncat., USNM 873211, USNM 1068942, &quot;Alum Hot Spring,&quot; ca. 1.93 km south, 0.16 km west of State Route 527 bridge crossing (
<geoCoordinate id="7092670246677E65586B7CCD8625A5F6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.1618">33.1618°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E69A09C86C4D842F1C961C6C3A800C1E" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-108.2081">108.2081°W</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2B325750B6926557B0565EABE7808C96" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8F2190B74DC329107EB0A1841E82995E" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
<pageBreakToken id="A7A798F91B8526E630BC2648EA2E26B9" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F401626DFF14B63BD790427D3BB3480D" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Several groups of springs in the lower reach of the East Fork Gila River (below the mouth of Black Canyon) and a single spring along the Gila River ca. 2 km below the East Fork confluence (Fig. 1).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="13C97BF2DEE18AEC2852064513DEF185" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="606DB66D3F4447828E6FAA2324254D2C" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="155E5A0C1F1C48836F00330A0021D7A3" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
Examination of the large series of penes that Taylor scored for this species (BellMNH 20898, BellMNH uncat.) indicated that neither the outer penial gland nor Dg2 extends appreciably onto the dorsal surface of the penis (Fig. 4
<normalizedToken id="6E71AD0A0F9F8D4B67AB85E2174FD9C0" originalValue="EF">E-F</normalizedToken>
; also see
<bibRefCitation id="1BED88707F6215C9526089D0E47A5166" author="Taylor, DW" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin" pageId="14" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 50" title="Fresh-water molluscs from New Mexico and vicinity." volume="116" year="1987">Taylor 1987</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 7
<normalizedToken id="6ECEC5F4175B6FBEED50628126006A8B" originalValue="bc">b-c</normalizedToken>
) in contrast with
<taxonomicName id="CFE1A89E3AB626F9E90082E85852D1AE" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis marilynae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="marilynae">Pyrgulopsis marilynae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="51C0F9C911D9E804206693752E1287DB" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis similis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="similis">Pyrgulopsis similis</taxonomicName>
. Specimens from the two new populations (Fig. 6A), which are closely proximal to the type locality, and the disjunct &quot;Alum Spring&quot; population (Fig. 6B) conformed to
<taxonomicName id="3BCAA9EB12202AC5BD6430B3A8C0F878" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
in all morphological details.
<taxonomicName id="CEAB0D3BBAD972AC308416B1CAB7C2D7" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
co-occurs sympatrically with
<taxonomicName id="EADBD37086A6C78399A2F35F12DB3C3A" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis thermalis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thermalis">Pyrgulopsis thermalis</taxonomicName>
(Taylor) at several localities (
<bibRefCitation id="6BBE57D8BDC5FC3F2FC332F12D446D92" author="Taylor, DW" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Bulletin" pageId="14" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 50" title="Fresh-water molluscs from New Mexico and vicinity." volume="116" year="1987">Taylor 1987</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A62426D6E79AC6B547411E869F55EAE3" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
<paragraph id="B9696946B65A96EF821AEA975C5740D4" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
Table 6. Shell parameters for
<taxonomicName id="ECA2CE7B74FE14DCAFA7E059DB5EDF06" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis similis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="similis">Pyrgulopsis similis</taxonomicName>
. Measurements are in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E3E59A6E1659BDFC703502C08BEAD8FF" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
<table id="3DDE0A6881EDE032FA225F8EBFB3CAA8" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
<tr id="52E5030EFB0800E44FF01FA538E2DDE6" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
<th id="E5CA636AE72D2E5EFF2A54FDB2A58294" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">WH</th>
<th id="2337EC718C9AB2ECBA8C452FF9658979" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">SH</th>
<th id="E3826FEB3317B96D9281B7869FCC8ACF" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">SW</th>
<th id="CA5B6CF1DE483646700DF77696D2E9E3" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">HBW</th>
<th id="9C5677F45168D528550EC6F3CDCC67CA" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">WBW</th>
<th id="4726F6A0BCFA23E871B5CB16470101A4" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">AH</th>
<th id="B18ECC857B6F676FC42DB016A5A1276F" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">AW</th>
<th id="A805D5A381C0C7BD377A819C7A3B987A" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">SW/SH</th>
<th id="7B0E4BBC68FABFF8768EF45DD2A8725E" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">HBW/SH</th>
<th id="2446738735C2FF9EE88C9E1BD25F3F98" colspan="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center">AH/SH</th>
</tr>
<tr id="07232EAD42C629BF8B4658E9584D12AA" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
<td id="A2674F9FF3291F4FA0E54ECBF710FADF" colspan="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" rowspan="1">n</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="C74BCC3D11E0C18A65D46AABC4B35F93" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
<paragraph id="2B592C570304597443CF2B9DC6DA0F1B" pageId="11" pageNumber="80">
Figure 6. Shells,
<taxonomicName id="69FFD0FA2C17115E372F177C005E0E3D" class="Gastropoda" family="Hydrobiidae" genus="Pyrgulopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgulopsis gilae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="gilae">Pyrgulopsis gilae</taxonomicName>
. A USNM 1135052 B USNM 854574. Scale bars A, B, 1.0 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
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