246 lines
31 KiB
XML
246 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="AD0B031EA84929D07A284F36ADDF6E2B" ID-CLB-Dataset="33463" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9884f9b2-091d-4f9a-9284-b2e78a5e6c30" ID-PMC="PMC5240373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-639-1" ID-PubMed="28138281" ID-ZooBank="BB23AA3FDD9E42CE92F737E047AE80C7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-639-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 639" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" checkinTime="1481618735599" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Achterberg, Cornelis & Shaw, Mark R." docDate="2016" docId="6AB1EC4C221B72BCA0A0CE7D0226CFD0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 639: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 639" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893" docTitle="Aleiodes praetor Reinhard 1863" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="107" masterDocId="1A60FFDC4008240EFF9E5829510DDB79" masterDocTitle="Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1731886816191" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="46CEE14758AF5851AF9275D59FE3A578">Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 1: Introduction, key to species groups, outlying distinctive species, and revisionary notes on some further species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DEB8F77119D067CB513ECEEE701B4BC8">van Achterberg, Cornelis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="CF35C24587424F3575927EA50B33BDCF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5AF6C4C27C5F94B699F0FAA60F542FCB">Shaw, Mark R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="1235759B41636C4360CB73F523AA2008">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="26EF8CB0BEB62AD0DFC5AF762A40223D">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0F2CBAF9EFF6008B4E6E08D09931DD5C">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3AE46CBFF51FE8A31BBA2F1341B5E11C">639</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="073B7C58E8517075AE2DE8E23E269B06">164</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="292B8ADFAE3773034FC3E69CF360BF5A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D64718C6CC48642CCCDF118A2D06353D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.639.10893</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="6AB1EC4C221B72BCA0A0CE7D0226CFD0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127902472" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6AB1EC4C221B72BCA0A0CE7D0226CFD0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6AB1EC4C221B72BCA0A0CE7D0226CFD0" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<subSubSection id="82852395FEDFAC5250BE3F4737D9C74A" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D9D3318F932311F2FDDE6B3DCAFDEE56" pageId="101" pageNumber="102">
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<taxonomicName id="6BC0BA851CD295DA43EF9312364355ED" ID-CoL="BMJD" authority="Reinhard, 1863" authorityName="Reinhard" authorityYear="1863" baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard, 1863)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 285, 286-287, 288-301
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6A485E0E8DD7D38B5297F0EBD572C0D4" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="00CF7BBBFD46104F0240EE7A4972CA77" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="A4C75DC0BCF47CCB440F698A3E17F25E" authority="Reinhard, 1863: 264" authorityName="Reinhard" authorityPageNumber="264" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">
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<pageBreakToken id="A90935E72CEE55ED07A18D8B15845367" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" start="start">Rogas</pageBreakToken>
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praetor Reinhard, 1863: 264
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="1854069C0C16215C8C84BD60A0E72ECF" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 1244;
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<bibRefCitation id="7DE4CE78C7F19F77E64A272B28CC9063" author="Tobias, VI" editor="Medvedev, GS" journalOrPublisher="Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR" pageId="129" pageNumber="130" pagination="1 - 501" title="Rogadinae: 72 - 85." volume="145" volumeTitle="Opredelitel Nasekomych Evrospeiskoi Tsasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4." year="1986">Tobias 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 78 (transl.: 128).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="17AEE7920F7B774BB15EA7EA19058599" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="E1715B23F9F3F05417E09E75295AE6BF" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="A91A5E2440B6E55EE0C961ACC3F22BC9" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Magyarorszag Allatvilaga [Fauna Hungariae]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 122" title="Parasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Braconidae. 18. Doryctinae. 19. Rogadinae." volume="167" year="1991">Papp 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 73;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="34E0EBAAE614C201292FBCD720BD9496" author="Belokobylskij, SA" journalOrPublisher="Beitraege zur Entomologie" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="341 - 435" title="Checklist of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera) of Germany." volume="53" year="2003">Belokobylskij et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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: 398.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ED4C840BA9620DDA8AF4A9B47DAB4680" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="66C1DF52A25E6FC8268A64A4F9FA362F" authority="Szepligeti, 1906: 606" authorityName="Szepligeti" authorityPageNumber="606" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neorhogas" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neorhogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">
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Neorhogas luteus
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<normalizedToken id="722954E25C263FBFD8081C22329588B4" originalValue="Szépligeti">Szepligeti</normalizedToken>
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, 1906: 606
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="9FBC14463764CB03E629EF73BAF1C192" author="Shenefelt, RD" journalOrPublisher="Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)" pageId="128" pageNumber="129" pagination="1115 - 1262" title="Braconidae 8. Exothecinae, Rogadinae." volume="12" year="1975">Shenefelt 1975</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 1205;
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<bibRefCitation id="48E67B43A96ED1BEE3675C1603F7C14E" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Folia Entomologica Hungarica" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="105 - 117" title="Contributions to the Braconid fauna of Yugoslavia. III." volume="30" year="1977">Papp 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 115 (as synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="FCAD968BC4A4ABCC6AFB8A33E8C51BC9" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="19F34CBBD506F5556E5EE83E9A058D06" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Magyarorszag Allatvilaga [Fauna Hungariae]" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="1 - 122" title="Parasitic wasps of the superfamily Ichneumonoidea. Braconidae. 18. Doryctinae. 19. Rogadinae." volume="167" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 73;
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<bibRefCitation id="81C141032174079C0454155902C29206" author="Papp, J" journalOrPublisher="Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="153 - 223" title="Type specimens of the braconid species by Gy. Szepligeti deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)." volume="96" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 215 (lectotype designation);
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<bibRefCitation id="11A7BA66151E3B42ECA3E4738F82FCD7" author="Chen, XX" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden)" pageId="125" pageNumber="126" pagination="1 - 187" title="Revision of the subfamily Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from China." volume="308" year="1997">Chen and He 1997</bibRefCitation>
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: 37.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="492DC674B6447E6991541526315362D4" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="A047002AB6639763C18441F60AA8D015" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5EE7FD907FDC1601AC9F3F5CF8C30F4B" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="CE219C79315A724163A49A797F5EE783" authority="( MNHN)" baseAuthorityName="MNHN" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor</taxonomicName>
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♀ (MNHN) from France ("Mout. [= Moutiers, Savoie]",
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<normalizedToken id="48F2F531FD335499FD2CE793AD29185C" originalValue="“Moutiers”">"Moutiers"</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken id="76E455571DA881F17DAA290DE8BDDF70" originalValue="“Muséum">"Museum</normalizedToken>
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Paris, 1867, Coll. O. Sichel", "
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<taxonomicName id="D7B0DB37C815265F280B02448AA1B729" authority="Rhd." authorityName="Rhd." class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Rogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rogas praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Rogas praetor Rhd.</taxonomicName>
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") and lectotype of
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<taxonomicName id="ECFF09997CB24922D1B8588D50B1ABB4" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Neorhogas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neorhogas luteus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luteus">Neorhogas luteus</taxonomicName>
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♂ (MTMA) from Serbia examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1D1DD8505AFCF15B1520D87468EB34C2" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E93CA1BD158BE2D57DE2E8496B53A7F8" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AB08044F3755D69E521E4FD19ED984F8" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
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Austria, Belgium, British Isles (England: V.C.s 5, 11, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 30, 31, 34, 38, 62, 64), *Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands (GE: Heerde; LI: Stein, Epen, Tegelen; NH: Naardermeer; UT: Bilthoven, Leersum; ZH: Melissant, Oostkapelle), Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. Specimens in NMS, MNHN, BMNH, CMIM, OUM,
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<pageBreakToken id="94BF4A0F6B66C0016199E081E7CA2DC3" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" start="start">RMNH</pageBreakToken>
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, FMNH, NRSM, MTMA, S. Dodd collection, P. McMullen collection, WAE, UWIM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0929B35A28F21302505229CB65A652A6" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="molecular data">
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<paragraph id="82F2B09E9079A7875CF38BCDBF810B7E" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Molecular data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C7E3A350DA6F8E4F44F889889A2F5CF" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">MRS067 (England KM067256/KU682219, CO1 + EU854334, 28S), MRS654 (Bulgaria HQ551265/KU682244, CO1).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C14B176576F6A2CA5AE245299D7358CB" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="D1D22583A4243CA2F5566AFC7CA79038" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="42E8F03AB454F43FF906DB4618AF3F3C" lastPageId="105" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="C1AF2BFC7D0C89018D8EE4D2976C0C0B" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor</taxonomicName>
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is a univoltine parasitoid of at least some arboreal
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<taxonomicName id="1449602C045E7F460EE4F2098B85936E" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphingidae</taxonomicName>
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, and overwinters in the host mummy. Reared specimens seen were from
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<taxonomicName id="92C819943555F64FD7A10D837085B61F" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Lathoe" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lathoe populi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="populi">Lathoe populi (Linnaeus)</taxonomicName>
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(1 CMIM; C. Morley),
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<taxonomicName id="E47D6559DC6CDCB02BB92A3AABBBFCA8" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Mimas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimas tiliae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">Mimas tiliae (Linnaeus)</taxonomicName>
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(2 OUM, 1 NMS, 1 BMNH, 1 RMNH; J.C. Fraser, J. Koorneef, R.A. Softly). In Britain the flight period is from late June through August. A series of males was reared in culture in both
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<taxonomicName id="7971DD18B1873135BE00D3F97C345C1E" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Lathoe" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lathoe populi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="populi">Lathoe populi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A2EA808A44FDBD834A138E1E65E1945E" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Mimas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimas tiliae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">Mimas tiliae</taxonomicName>
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parented by a virgin female from
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<taxonomicName id="2F65CDECEE76401AD37246708B16F4F5" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Mimas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimas tiliae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">Mimas tiliae</taxonomicName>
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. The female was often seen hanging from a leaf edge by only a few of her legs (Fig. 285). Most ovipositions, into late first instar and more particularly second instar hosts, occurred in a rearing cage overnight and were unobserved; however two of these remarkable occasions were witnessed (into late first instar
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<taxonomicName id="21C721DD5975B8077A535A9CE2553505" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Lathoe" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lathoe populi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="populi">Lathoe populi</taxonomicName>
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). The host, which rests and feeds from the under surface of the leaf, was approached and repeatedly touched with the outstretched extreme tips of the antennae, causing the host to twitch more or less violently from side to side. It is noteworthy that the apical segment of the antenna in this species has a well-pronounced nipple-like tip (Fig. 297). When this reaction wore out, the parasitoid suddenly jumped on the host and rapidly inserted her ovipositor, with the metasoma scarcely curled; she then immediately straightened her body and released her footing completely so that she hung from the host with only her ovipositor touching it, and all legs completely free of any support. After 30 seconds she jerked free, and took flight as she fell from the host, which was apparently not paralysed to any extent although it was quiescent during oviposition. The extraordinary oviposition behaviour is clearly facilitated by the unusual flange and teeth at the apex of the ovipositor (Fig. 295), and may be completely constraining: otherwise suitable
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<pageBreakToken id="2256B0003D20F8C31D236993ABFA8D9B" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" start="start">hosts</pageBreakToken>
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on the floor of containers (i.e. lacking a drop) were consistently just walked over or otherwise ignored. The lack of paralysis ensures that the host maintains its footing, without risk that it would fall and be unable to rediscover its food source. The mummy appears to be highly adapted for a lengthy persistence in crevices in tree bark. It is very hard, matt, and predominantly light greyish brown in colour but with darker transverse variegation and sometimes small dark grey dorsal patches (Fig. 287). The parasitoid occupies abdominal segments (4
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<normalizedToken id="77A7ECE5615746C683BD1FA973F76E36" originalValue="–)5–">-)5-</normalizedToken>
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8 which become thinly lined with silk and weakly arched. This structure is strongly stuck down ventrally at about the fourth abdominal segment, with the anterior part of the host becoming physically detached at an oblique angle by the action of the parasitoid larva. In captivity the stricken hosts
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<pageBreakToken id="271FB20C0722B74905209BB969EC47CB" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" start="start">sought</pageBreakToken>
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refuge in paper tissues at the base of the rearing boxes, where mummies were made glued firmly in surface folds, and, despite
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<bibRefCitation id="4E9471B411A5D417F4211A3D8C9A2208" author="Morley, C" journalOrPublisher="Entomologist" pageId="127" pageNumber="128" pagination="109 - 112" title="Notes on Braconidae XI. The tribe Rhogadides, with additions to the British list." volume="49" year="1916">
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<normalizedToken id="56DB20B68EB451E8F1DCCDA720C2C699" originalValue="Morley’s">Morley's</normalizedToken>
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||
(1916)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
finding a mummy on a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2AFBD23117E4A2668BB126FB21DB3B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Populus</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaf, it is clear that the penultimate instar host larva is normally induced to descend and find a crevice before perishing; indeed, a partly grown
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF31C30345B44E3FFA6BA3D39BA0EF7A" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Mimas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimas tiliae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">Mimas tiliae</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva which was collected on the bark of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D0E19268524C74FD65CEC5B7F684A27" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Tilia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tilia" order="Malvales" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Tilia</taxonomicName>
|
||
tree was mummified within a few hours (R.A. Softly, personal communication). Before the widespread use of UV lights by lepidopterists
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6DDE0F7D4AFC6BB1B1080DD7124CD49" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor</taxonomicName>
|
||
was rarely collected in Britain; now, however, specimens turn up quite regularly in light traps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7028693A167A24AACB0716BDA255C2B8" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<paragraph id="26478E1E5DC44F80D937F4EB224A41ED" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Figure 285.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBECB6033BAB5CC87FAA3A60754AB47B" authority="(Reinhard)" baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀, hanging from a leaf edge.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0D6D00E2BA6BE7A35454F74090B7EFFA" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<paragraph id="05DD82013233662D6F50878B0CDC85D5" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Figures 286-287.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F9B6469E623247AED0264A94209CBFF" authority="(Reinhard)" baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀, Netherlands, Epen. 286 habitus lateral 287 mummy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5371DF680B4F66019BAF0476A346E60" authority="(Linnaeus)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Mimas" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mimas tiliae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tiliae">Mimas tiliae (Linnaeus)</taxonomicName>
|
||
from England.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="F3B47687E23560910CC452B96C5A7E03" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
<paragraph id="EEA28A301077CC9C7BFA437E19CE7626" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Figures 288-301.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E502A5E911A1DA0CB811F9E9E3900C8E" authority="(Reinhard)" baseAuthorityName="Reinhard" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aleiodes" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleiodes praetor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praetor">Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard)</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ♀, Netherlands, Epen. 288 fore wing 289 hind wing 290 mesosoma lateral 291 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 292 hind leg lateral 293 fore femur lateral 294 antenna 295 ovipositor lateral 296 basal segments of antenna 297 apical segments of antenna 298 head anterior 299 head lateral 300 head dorsal 301 hypopygium and ovipositor sheath lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="32CDF283558DBE35F2BC4262DF19E220" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="956567CAE9ABDFCFD251322148CA516D" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E451271E1FDDCFCF2CA09DB746B2751" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Large yellowish brown species with antennal segments of female 67-77 and of male 62-75; OOL 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BC0CEEAA9C59F1C176017F209C53F2C7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of posterior ocellus; lateral carina of scutellum strong and lunula rather narrow; marginal cell of hind wing narrowed near basal 0.6 and slightly widened apically (Fig. 289); inner apex of hind tibia with weak and indistinct comb; tarsal claws yellowish setose; ovipositor sheath largely glabrous (except apically and ventrally; Fig. 301); ovipositor with small teeth ventrally and with wide dorsal flange (Fig. 295); length of fore wing 8-10 mm; parasitoid of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F64AEDA4FEC3D68D9FCC900F619EDF0" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphingidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="45C8D07588E03B527353DB00FF980B0E" lastPageId="106" lastPageNumber="107" pageId="105" pageNumber="106" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C0636B6FC7D0DA054055E173496E688" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="97AF81B2DA6A1B519782CD4DF985F0D9" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Redescribed ♀ (RMNH) from Naardermeer, length of fore wing 8.7 mm, of body 8.8 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB694AAC56725F027575682EF81A033E" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Head. Antennal segments of ♀ 72, with many tyloids and apex of subbasal segments oblique (Fig. 296), length of antenna 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4DAE680A686EE966DC3A03FA67134FA1" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
fore wing, its subapical segments distinctly longer than wide and apical segment with long spine (Fig. 297); frons narrow, rather flat and largely micro-granulate; OOL 0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6A528FA3D027F4EBB82093E5D8AF8BBD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
diameter of posterior ocellus and micro-sculptured; vertex flat, micro-sculptured and shiny; clypeus convex, micro-granulate and near lower level of eyes; ventral margin of clypeus not differentiated (Fig. 299); width of hypoclypeal depression 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3A6944ACB466F43C134DAEC0CEF9C775" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
minimum width of face (Fig. 298); face micro-sculptured and partly transversely rugulose; length of eye 3.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A11512D3B244E2A0AF05C80032A56EE3" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
temple in dorsal view (Fig. 300); occiput behind stemmaticum superficially sculptured; length of malar space 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2061464ACAB34C1A0216C7D127E637A2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of eye in lateral view; occipital carina strong, but medio-dorsally absent; eyes distinctly protruding (Figs 298-300).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4820EFC34FEFE482F89F89028E6CCD9A" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">Mesosoma. Mesoscutal lobes densely punctate, micro-sculptured and shiny; prosternum rather large and distinctly concave; prepectal carina complete, distinct; precoxal area of mesopleuron with some striae medially; mesopleuron above precoxal area strongly shiny, punctate medio-posteriorly and remainder smooth (Fig. 290); metapleuron punctate dorsally and rugose ventrally; scutellar sulcus wide, deep and with 7 carinae; scutellum flat, densely punctate, with striae medio-posteriorly and lateral carina largely present and lunula narrow; propodeum convex, dorsal face about as long as posterior face, densely rugose, tuberculate protruding latero-dorsally (Fig. 290), propodeal spiracle large and median carina of propodeum complete and regular.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F1E9B75C11BEFCEE8164A3AD04A7EB22" pageId="105" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Wings. Fore wing: r 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3035C7E1F985B9F6F03677E7E788DCC6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR (Fig. 288); 1-CU1 nearly horizontal, slender, 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1AB9F410130B34BADD3030A82FFEA227" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2-CU1; r-m 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken id="667AC176B160D3C6BBC5C21D442CAAE2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
3-SR and not pigmented; second submarginal cell rather long (Fig. 288); cu-a inclivous, curved posteriorly; 1-M straight posteriorly. Hind wing: marginal cell subparallel-sided basally, constricted near basal 0.7 and its apical width nearly equal to width at level of hamuli (Fig. 289); 2-SC+R short; m-cu absent; M+CU:1-M = 33:16; 1r-m 1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3B5E2354B4A1B8C2FC53122829EF5C8D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as 1-M.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C277E6B533F2F434425DF830D902C0F1" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="3208DC98985368F43FE729CF3B01677D" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" start="start">Legs</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Tarsal claws yellowish setose; hind coxa punctate and micro-sculptured dorso-basally and remainder largely smooth and punctulate; hind trochantellus ventrally twice as long as wide; length of fore femur, hind femur and basitarsus 6.3, 4.2 and 7.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6627D4D354ADD361D004A6ECA4925E76" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
their width, respectively (Figs 292-293); length of inner hind spur 0.35
|
||
<normalizedToken id="740BE34F384986635D0EF03060B9C6A9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
hind basitarsus; inner apex of hind tibia with indistinct weak comb.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BFDC8133BA9CA7CE9BBF2BDE0EF01FF5" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Metasoma. First tergite as long as wide apically (Fig. 291); first and second tergites densely and coarsely longitudinally rugose, with distinct median carina, reduced near apex of second tergite; medio-basal area of second tergite absent; length of second tergite 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1B368FD5FCCA4F10CF2B6C8867B77D7E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
its basal width; second suture deep and distinctly crenulate; third tergite 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="133DAC8A551ED70F508D262A53B8C868" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as second tergite, anterior half largely densely and finely punctate and remainder of metasoma largely smooth and depressed; fourth and apical half of third tergite without sharp lateral crease; ovipositor sheath largely glabrous (except apically and ventrally; Fig. 301); ovipositor with small teeth ventrally and with wide dorsal flange (Fig. 295).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A32F9C14CD7AAB0D359B352812AD167E" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Colour. Yellowish brown; antenna (but scapus brownish basally), stemmaticum, apical third of hind tibia (except spurs) and hind tarsus largely, black; base of hind tibia pale yellowish; pterostigma and veins brownish yellow; wing membrane largely subhyaline, but basally slightly pigmented and near veins 1-SR and 1-M slightly infuscate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EDB5E1495D559FB5E9C8AB0BFCAA7258" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Variation. Antennal segments of European ♀ 67(2), 68(7), 69(7), 70(7), 71(3), 72(4), 73(4); of ♂ 62(3), 63(5), 64(5), 65(5), 66(1), 67(1); males have
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3DF334441BD0DC525A9EBB69686F7AEC" originalValue="fifth–seventh">fifth-seventh</normalizedToken>
|
||
tergites moderately setose; vein m-cu of fore wing sometimes slightly curved and gradually merging into 3-CU1; precoxal sulcus entirely smooth or with some striae; scapus and pedicellus partly yellowish brown or entirely black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="889BC6A471DD10FEF6D43524AE41F4E2" pageId="106" pageNumber="107" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="B512722467541B27532E6AB2D23FA88A" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F951527FF8A246B8FBD6CA8B80B96094" pageId="106" pageNumber="107">European males have approximately four fewer antennal segments than females. Antenna of possibly conspecific Chinese and Japanese females consists of 70-77 segments and of males 62-75 segments and they have the pterostigma darker compared to the veins below it.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |