433 lines
55 KiB
XML
433 lines
55 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DC5143BA1A1B4795BEF48D491FD7AD25">Description of the last instar larva of Forcepsioneura sancta (Hagen in Selys 1860) (Odonata: Protoneuridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8764FC30172F5C2E1AEF2083219399EB">Pessacq, Pablo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="90DCD4539DF57287927B47CCB9337AAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C4D3912B0EF92E532181365A0CCD74C2">2012</mods:date>
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<heading id="A31081A5FFFD384995C5A0EBFD79FC6E" bold="true" box="[151,705,904,931]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD384995C5A0EBFE14FC6F" ID-CoL="6JDHS" box="[151,428,905,931]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sancta">
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<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384995C5A0EBFE14FC6F" bold="true" box="[151,428,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Forcepsioneura sancta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Hagen
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<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD38499744A0EBFD96FC6F" bold="true" box="[534,558,905,931]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">in</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD38499767A0EAFD01FC6E" author="Selys" box="[565,697,904,930]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Selys-Longchamps, E. de (1860) Synopsis des Agrionines, derniere legion: Protonevra. Bulletin de l'Academie Royal de Belgique (II) 10, 431 - 462 (1 - 34 reprint)." type="journal article" year="1860">Selys 1860</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFD384995C5A0CEFEAAFC0F" blockId="0.[151,705,904,963]" box="[151,274,940,963]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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(
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<figureCitation id="60DC2A4CFFFD384995CDA0CEFEB2FC0F" box="[159,266,940,963]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,157,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,151,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Forcepsioneura sancta. larva, male, female: 1) Head, dorsal view. 2) Prementum, dorsal view. 3) Premental palp, dorsal view. 4) a—Right mandible, inner view; b - left mandible, inner view. 5) S 9 – 10 and cerci, dorsal view. 6) S 9 – 10 and male gonapophyses, ventral view. 7) S 8 – 10 and female gonapophyses, ventral view. 8) Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. 9) Central lamella, lateral view. Scales: head: 1 mm; prementum, caudal and central lamella: 0.5 mm; premental palp, mandibles, cerci, male and female gonapophyses: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211297/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figs. 1– 9</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFD384995C5A093FC17FBC4" blockId="0.[151,1437,1009,1352]" box="[151,943,1009,1032]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8F711E7FFFD384995C5A093FC17FBC4" box="[151,943,1009,1032]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD384995C5A093FE12FBC4" authority="Hagen" authorityName="Hagen" box="[151,426,1009,1032]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Protoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sancta">
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<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384995C5A093FEE5FBC4" box="[151,349,1009,1032]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Protoneura sancta</emphasis>
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Hagen
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384994E2A093FE7CFBC4" box="[432,452,1009,1032]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">in</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD38499499A093FDD2FBC4" author="Selys" box="[459,618,1009,1032]" page="34" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="1860">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD38499499A093FDFCFBC4" author="Selys" box="[459,580,1009,1032]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Selys-Longchamps, E. de (1860) Synopsis des Agrionines, derniere legion: Protonevra. Bulletin de l'Academie Royal de Belgique (II) 10, 431 - 462 (1 - 34 reprint)." type="journal article" year="1860">Selys 1860</bibRefCitation>
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: 34
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</treatmentCitation>
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(sp. nov., female description).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B0FD6542FFFD384895C5A773FE7EFE90" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFD384995C5A773FC4FFBE4" blockId="0.[151,1437,1009,1352]" box="[151,1015,1041,1064]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8F711E7FFFD384995C5A773FC4FFBE4" box="[151,1015,1041,1064]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD384995C5A773FDDAFBE4" authority="Williamson 1915: 620" authorityName="Williamson" authorityPageNumber="620" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,610,1041,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Psaironeura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sancta">
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<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384995C5A773FED0FBE4" box="[151,360,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Psaironeura sancta</emphasis>
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,
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<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD38499427A773FDDAFBE4" author="Williamson" box="[373,610,1041,1064]" page="620" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD38499427A773FD88FBE4" author="Williamson" box="[373,560,1041,1064]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Williamson, E. B. (1915) Notes on neotropical dragonflies or Odonata. Entomological news, 27, 30 - 33." type="journal article" year="1915">Williamson 1915</bibRefCitation>
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: 620
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD38499720A773FD4EFBE4" ID-CoL="63PKZ" box="[626,758,1041,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Psaironeura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD38499720A773FD4EFBE4" box="[626,758,1041,1064]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Psaironeura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D1A057A0FFFD38499651A773FCDFFBE4" box="[771,871,1041,1064]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, comb. nov.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFD384995C5A753FB96FB84" blockId="0.[151,1437,1009,1352]" box="[151,1070,1073,1096]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8F711E7FFFD384995C5A753FB96FB84" box="[151,1070,1073,1096]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD384995C5A753FDF2FB84" ID-CoL="4FX32" authority="Santos 1968: 221" authorityName="Santos" authorityPageNumber="221" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,586,1073,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Phasmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384995C5A753FE3EFB84" box="[151,390,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Phasmoneura ciganae</emphasis>
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||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD384994C1A753FDF2FB84" author="Santos" box="[403,586,1073,1096]" page="221" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD384994C1A753FDA2FB84" author="Santos" box="[403,538,1073,1096]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Santos, N. D. (1968) Fauna do Estado da Guanabara. 63. Phasmoneura ciganae sp. n. e notas sobre outras especies (Odonata, Protoneuridae). Atas da Sociedade de Biologia do Rio de Janeiro, 11 (6), 221 - 226." type="journal article" year="1968">Santos 1968</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 221
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–226 (sp. nov., male and female description).
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFD384995C5A733FC16FBA4" blockId="0.[151,1437,1009,1352]" box="[151,942,1105,1128]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8F711E7FFFD384995C5A733FC16FBA4" box="[151,942,1105,1128]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD384995C5A733FDF4FBA4" authority="Machado 1999: 37" authorityName="Machado" authorityPageNumber="37" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,588,1105,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Phasmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sancta">
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<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384995C5A733FECFFBA4" box="[151,375,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Phasmoneura sancta</emphasis>
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,
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||
<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD384994D7A733FDF4FBA4" author="Machado" box="[389,588,1105,1128]" page="37" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD384994D7A733FD90FBA4" author="Machado" box="[389,552,1105,1128]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Machado, A. B. M. (1999) Studies on Neotropical Protoneuridae. 9. Phasmoneura ciganae Santos, conspecific with Forcepsioneura sancta (Hagen) comb. n. (Zygoptera). Notulae odonatologicae, 5 (3), 37 - 38." type="journal article" year="1999">Machado 1999</bibRefCitation>
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: 37
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–38 (synonymy with
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<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD38499662A733FC26FBA4" ID-CoL="4FX32" box="[816,926,1105,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Phasmoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD38499662A733FC26FBA4" box="[816,926,1105,1128]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">P. ciganae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFD384995C5A713FD27FB64" blockId="0.[151,1437,1009,1352]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8F711E7FFFD384995C5A713FD27FB64" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD384995C5A713FD30FB44" ID-CoL="4FX32" authority="Lencioni 1999: 129" authorityName="Lencioni" authorityPageNumber="129" authorityYear="1999" box="[151,648,1137,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciganae">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384995C5A713FE27FB44" box="[151,415,1137,1160]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Forcepsioneura ciganae</emphasis>
|
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,
|
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<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD384994FCA713FD30FB44" author="Lencioni" box="[430,648,1137,1160]" page="129" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD384994FCA713FDE8FB44" author="Lencioni" box="[430,592,1137,1160]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Lencioni, F. A. A. (1999) The genus Phasmoneura, with description of Forcepsioneura gen. nov. and two new species. Odonatologica, 28, 127 - 137." type="journal article" year="1999">Lencioni 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 129
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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, 132–136 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD38499657A713FC16FB44" ID-CoL="4KQX" box="[773,942,1137,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD38499657A713FC16FB44" box="[773,942,1137,1160]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Forcepsioneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D1A057A0FFFD384996EDA713FB9EFB44" box="[959,1062,1137,1160]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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, comb. nov.; keys; cercus, genital ligula and wing illustrations and scannings).
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFD384995C5A7D3FD16FA84" blockId="0.[151,1437,1009,1352]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="D8F711E7FFFD384995C5A7D3FD16FA84" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD384995C5A7D3FD30FB04" ID-CoL="6JDHS" authority="Machado 2000: 132" authorityName="Machado" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,648,1201,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sancta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384995C5A7D3FE2AFB04" box="[151,402,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Forcepsioneura sancta</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD384994F4A7D3FD30FB04" author="Machado" box="[422,648,1201,1224]" page="132" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD384994F4A7D3FDF7FB04" author="Machado" box="[422,591,1201,1224]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Machado, A. B. M. (2000) Studies on Neotropical Protoneuridae. 10. Forcepsioneura lucia sp. n. from Parque Estadual Rola Moca, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Odonata: Zygoptera). Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitao (N. Ser.), 11 / 12, 127 - 134." type="journal article" year="2000">Machado 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 132
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
–133 (species included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD384996EBA7D3FBDAFB04" ID-CoL="4KQX" box="[953,1122,1201,1224]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384996EBA7D3FBDAFB04" box="[953,1122,1201,1224]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Forcepsioneura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
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key);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD384991E1A7D3FA20FB04" author="Machado" box="[1203,1432,1201,1224]" page="845" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="2001">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD384991E1A7D3FAE4FB04" author="Machado" box="[1203,1372,1201,1224]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Machado, A. B. M. (2001) Studies on Neotropical Protoneuridae. 11. Two new species of Forcepsioneura Lencioni (Odonata, Zygoptera) with a key to males of the genus. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 18 (3), 845 - 854." type="journal article" year="2001">Machado 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 845
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 847–849, 853 (species included in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFD3849971EA7B3FD4EFB24" ID-CoL="4KQX" box="[588,758,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD3849971EA7B3FD4EFB24" box="[588,758,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Forcepsioneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
key; diagnostic characters; cercus and prothorax of topotype illustrations);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD3849940CA793FD92FAC4" author="Pessacq" box="[350,554,1265,1288]" page="518" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="2008">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD3849940CA793FE4CFAC4" author="Pessacq" box="[350,500,1265,1288]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Pessacq, P. (2008) Phylogeny of Neotropical Protoneuridae (Odonata: Zygoptera) and a preliminary study of their relationship with related families. Systematic Entomology, 33, 511 - 528." type="journal article" year="2008">Pessacq 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 518
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–521, 523, 527 (species included in phylogenetic analysis);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD384991EBA793FF57FAE4" author="Garrison" page="359" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD384991EBA793FA20FAC4" author="Garrison" box="[1209,1432,1265,1288]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Garrison, R. W., von Ellenrieder, N. & Louton, J. A. (2010) Damselfly Genera of the New World. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 490 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Garrison
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD3849904DA793FAE8FAC4" box="[1311,1360,1265,1288]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 359
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–360 (illustration of male pronotum, genital ligula and cercus);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="794610D8FFFD38499693A673FB4AFAE4" author="Neiss" box="[961,1266,1297,1320]" page="38" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD38499693A673FB7FFAE4" author="Neiss" box="[961,1223,1297,1320]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Neiss, U. G. & Hamada, N. (2012). Larvae of Epipleoneura manauensis Santos and Roppaneura beckeri Santos with a key to the genera of known Neotropical Protoneuridae larvae (Odonata: Zygoptera). International Journal of Odonatology, 15 (1), 31 - 43." type="journal article" year="2012">Neiss & Hamada 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 38
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 42 (additional comments and included in genera larval key).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFD384995C5A611FE57F881" blockId="0.[151,1437,1395,2008]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384995C5A611FE61FA47" bold="true" box="[151,473,1395,1419]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Last instar larva description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="60DC2A4CFFFD384994BAA616FDF0FA47" box="[488,584,1396,1419]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,157,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,151,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Forcepsioneura sancta. larva, male, female: 1) Head, dorsal view. 2) Prementum, dorsal view. 3) Premental palp, dorsal view. 4) a—Right mandible, inner view; b - left mandible, inner view. 5) S 9 – 10 and cerci, dorsal view. 6) S 9 – 10 and male gonapophyses, ventral view. 7) S 8 – 10 and female gonapophyses, ventral view. 8) Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. 9) Central lamella, lateral view. Scales: head: 1 mm; prementum, caudal and central lamella: 0.5 mm; premental palp, mandibles, cerci, male and female gonapophyses: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211297/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figs. 1-9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD3849970FA616FD2FFA47" box="[605,663,1396,1419]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="60DC2A4CFFFD384997F7A616FD5AFA47" box="[677,738,1396,1419]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,157,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,151,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Forcepsioneura sancta. larva, male, female: 1) Head, dorsal view. 2) Prementum, dorsal view. 3) Premental palp, dorsal view. 4) a—Right mandible, inner view; b - left mandible, inner view. 5) S 9 – 10 and cerci, dorsal view. 6) S 9 – 10 and male gonapophyses, ventral view. 7) S 8 – 10 and female gonapophyses, ventral view. 8) Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. 9) Central lamella, lateral view. Scales: head: 1 mm; prementum, caudal and central lamella: 0.5 mm; premental palp, mandibles, cerci, male and female gonapophyses: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211297/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 2.15 times as wide as long, posterolateral margins slightly concave or straight, occipital lobes rounded, not protruding laterally and covered with several thick spines. Posterior margin concave. Antenna seven-jointed; third flagellomere the longest, slightly shorter than first and second flagellomeres together. Premental articulation reaching first coxae; prementum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60DC2A4CFFFD384996BEA6BEFB93FA3F" box="[1004,1067,1500,1523]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,157,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,151,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Forcepsioneura sancta. larva, male, female: 1) Head, dorsal view. 2) Prementum, dorsal view. 3) Premental palp, dorsal view. 4) a—Right mandible, inner view; b - left mandible, inner view. 5) S 9 – 10 and cerci, dorsal view. 6) S 9 – 10 and male gonapophyses, ventral view. 7) S 8 – 10 and female gonapophyses, ventral view. 8) Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. 9) Central lamella, lateral view. Scales: head: 1 mm; prementum, caudal and central lamella: 0.5 mm; premental palp, mandibles, cerci, male and female gonapophyses: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211297/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) short and broad, triangular, about 1.1 times as long as wide, anterior margin convex and slightly crenulated, with two long premental setae on each side and none, two, four or eight very short and thin setae posterior to the long ones; sides with a row of short spine-like setae at distal third. Palp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60DC2A4CFFFD38499406A526FE2BF997" box="[340,403,1604,1627]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,157,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,151,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Forcepsioneura sancta. larva, male, female: 1) Head, dorsal view. 2) Prementum, dorsal view. 3) Premental palp, dorsal view. 4) a—Right mandible, inner view; b - left mandible, inner view. 5) S 9 – 10 and cerci, dorsal view. 6) S 9 – 10 and male gonapophyses, ventral view. 7) S 8 – 10 and female gonapophyses, ventral view. 8) Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. 9) Central lamella, lateral view. Scales: head: 1 mm; prementum, caudal and central lamella: 0.5 mm; premental palp, mandibles, cerci, male and female gonapophyses: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211297/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the typical curved end hook, with five (85%) or six (15%) long setae, external margin with no setae; apical margin with two or three small teeth on its inner side, irregularly crenulated on its external side, inner margin clearly crenulated on its apical half, barely crenulated on its basal half; movable hook slender and sharp, about half the length of external margin. Mandibular formula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60DC2A4CFFFD384997BDA5CEFC81F90F" box="[751,825,1708,1731]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,157,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,151,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Forcepsioneura sancta. larva, male, female: 1) Head, dorsal view. 2) Prementum, dorsal view. 3) Premental palp, dorsal view. 4) a—Right mandible, inner view; b - left mandible, inner view. 5) S 9 – 10 and cerci, dorsal view. 6) S 9 – 10 and male gonapophyses, ventral view. 7) S 8 – 10 and female gonapophyses, ventral view. 8) Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. 9) Central lamella, lateral view. Scales: head: 1 mm; prementum, caudal and central lamella: 0.5 mm; premental palp, mandibles, cerci, male and female gonapophyses: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211297/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a,b) (
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD38499622A5CEFC14F90F" box="[880,940,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFD384996E0A5CEFB87F90F" author="Watson" box="[946,1087,1708,1731]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" refString="Watson, M. C. (1956) The utilization of mandibular armature in taxonomic studies of anisopterous nymphs. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 81, 155 - 205." type="journal article" year="1956">Watson 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) L 1
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD38499123A5C9FB38F90F" bold="true" box="[1137,1152,1707,1731]" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">+</emphasis>
|
||
2 345 y ab; R 1+2 345 y a.
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD384995C5A5ADFF5CF92A" box="[151,228,1743,1766]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: pronotum rounded laterally. Wing pads reaching middle length of S4. Legs light brown, irregularly covered with small hair-like setae. Femur I–III with a row of sparse, short spine-like setae on its dorsal and ventral margins, even more sparse on ventral margin, absent in two specimens. Tibia II–III with a row of sparse, short spine-like setae on ventral margin, absent in one specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFD38489595A43BFE7EFE90" blockId="0.[151,1437,1395,2008]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,1215]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFD38499595A43BFE94F8BC" box="[199,300,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: cylindrical, coloration light brown, without visible markings. Male cerci and gonapophyses as in figs. 5–6; with a dorsal row of distal spine-like setae on S7-10 more sparse or absent on segments 1–6. Female gonapophyses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60DC2A4CFFFD384995CDA4FCFF58F879" box="[159,224,1950,1973]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,157,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,151,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Forcepsioneura sancta. larva, male, female: 1) Head, dorsal view. 2) Prementum, dorsal view. 3) Premental palp, dorsal view. 4) a—Right mandible, inner view; b - left mandible, inner view. 5) S 9 – 10 and cerci, dorsal view. 6) S 9 – 10 and male gonapophyses, ventral view. 7) S 8 – 10 and female gonapophyses, ventral view. 8) Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. 9) Central lamella, lateral view. Scales: head: 1 mm; prementum, caudal and central lamella: 0.5 mm; premental palp, mandibles, cerci, male and female gonapophyses: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211297/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) exceeding posterior margin of sternite 10, lateral valvae sharply pointed. Lateral caudal lamellae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60DC2A4CFFFD3849904BA4FCFAE1F879" box="[1305,1369,1950,1973]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,157,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,151,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Forcepsioneura sancta. larva, male, female: 1) Head, dorsal view. 2) Prementum, dorsal view. 3) Premental palp, dorsal view. 4) a—Right mandible, inner view; b - left mandible, inner view. 5) S 9 – 10 and cerci, dorsal view. 6) S 9 – 10 and male gonapophyses, ventral view. 7) S 8 – 10 and female gonapophyses, ventral view. 8) Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. 9) Central lamella, lateral view. Scales: head: 1 mm; prementum, caudal and central lamella: 0.5 mm; premental palp, mandibles, cerci, male and female gonapophyses: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211297/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
) light brown, lanceolated, more than six times as long as wide, apex rounded or acute; without nodus or transverse suture; dorsal margin with 10–35 spine-like setae, ventral margin with 15–70 short spine-like setae; central carina with 20–50 short spine-like setae. Central lamella (
|
||
<figureCitation id="60DC2A4CFFFC3848976FA3D8FDC6FF1D" box="[573,638,186,209]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 9" captionStartId="2.[151,257,1883,1904]" captionTargetBox="[156,1416,157,1857]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,151,1862]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 9. Forcepsioneura sancta. larva, male, female: 1) Head, dorsal view. 2) Prementum, dorsal view. 3) Premental palp, dorsal view. 4) a—Right mandible, inner view; b - left mandible, inner view. 5) S 9 – 10 and cerci, dorsal view. 6) S 9 – 10 and male gonapophyses, ventral view. 7) S 8 – 10 and female gonapophyses, ventral view. 8) Lateral caudal lamella, lateral view. 9) Central lamella, lateral view. Scales: head: 1 mm; prementum, caudal and central lamella: 0.5 mm; premental palp, mandibles, cerci, male and female gonapophyses: 0.25 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211297/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) light brown, lanceolated, about 5.5 times as long as wide, apex rounded; without nodus or transverse suture; dorsal margin with 7–50 spine-like setae, in some specimens restricted to basal half; ventral margin with 9–50 short spine-like setae; central carina with 7–55 short spine-like setae. In between all the spinelike setae on lateral and central lamellae, there are many hair-like setae. On central lamella of some specimens, spine-like setae restricted to basal half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0FD6542FFFC38489595A205FE01FD7B" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFC38489595A205FF6DFDC5" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489595A205FED6FEB3" bold="true" box="[199,366,359,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(in mm, n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEE1FD40FFFC38489753A20AFDE5FEB3" box="[513,605,360,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
|
||
): head maximum width 2.79 ± 0.1, head maximum length 1.27 ± 0.08, prementum maximum length 1.59 ± 0.1, prementum maximum width 1.61 ± 0.06, femur I length 1.22 ± 0.16, femur II 1.63 ± 0,0 3, femur III 1.84 ± 0.1, tibia I length 1.47 ±0.1, tibia II 1.63 ± 0.1, tibia III 1.94 ± 0.1, external wing pads length 3.15 ± 1.2, internal wing pads length 3.4 ± 0.16, cerci 0.1, lateral caudal lamellae 2.36 ± 0.1, central caudal lamellae 2.04 ± 0.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFC38489595A176FE01FD7B" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489595A176FE05FDE0" bold="true" box="[199,445,532,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="80F07659FFFC38489497A177FD9DFDE0" box="[453,549,533,556]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
–
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEE1FD40FFFC38489717A177FD28FDE0" box="[581,656,533,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
and last instar larva exuvia, Rio de Janeiro State, Toca da Onça, route Grajaú-Jacarepaguá,
|
||
<date id="8C591009FFFC3848942AA15AFE54FD83" box="[376,492,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" value="1976-09-12">12 ix 1976</date>
|
||
, emerged in laboratory
|
||
<date id="8C591009FFFC384897B5A15AFCE2FD83" box="[743,858,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" value="1976-11-10">10 xi 1976</date>
|
||
, N.D. Santos leg. Same as previous, except emerged
|
||
<date id="8C591009FFFC384890DDA15AFF5DFDBD" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" value="1976-10-07">7 x 1976</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEE1FD40FFFC384895BDA138FEFDFDBD" box="[239,325,602,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="EEE1FD40FFFC38489402A138FE08FDBD" box="[336,432,602,625]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, with last instar larva exuviae, Rio de Janeiro State, Mangaratiba, Reserva Ecológica Rio das Pedras (RERP) (about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DD3500EFFFC384894C2A11FFDA7FD58" box="[400,543,637,660]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" precision="15" value="-22.989723">22° 59’ 23”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DD3500EFFFC38489775A11FFD7CFD58" box="[551,708,637,660]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" precision="15" value="-44.101944">44° 06’ 07”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="8C591009FFFC3848978BA11FFCF4FD58" box="[729,844,637,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" value="2008-12-05">5 xii 2008</date>
|
||
, adults emerged at 5, 21,
|
||
<date id="8C591009FFFC38489135A11FFA9AFD58" box="[1127,1314,637,660]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" value="1923-12-25" valueMax="1923-12-27" valueMin="1923-12-25">23, 25 and 27 xii</date>
|
||
2008, A.P. Pinto & A.L. Carvalho leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0FD6542FFFC38489595A1A0FC6AF948" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFC38489595A1A0FBF0FCA8" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489595A1A0FE8DFD16" bold="true" box="[199,309,706,730]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species has been recorded in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFC38489069A1A0FF69FD30" author="Lencioni" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refString="Lencioni, F. A. A. (2005) Damselflies of Brazil. An illustrated guide. 1 - Non-Coenagrionidae families. All Print Editora, Sao Paulo, iv + 324 pp." type="book" year="2005">Lencioni 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The immatures inhabit streams with little current and sandy bottom, under stones (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFC38489107A187FAA8FD30" author="Costa" box="[1109,1296,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refString="Costa, J. M., Souza, L. O. I., Lourenco, A. M. & Oldrini, B. B. (2004) Chave para as familias e generos das larvas de Odonata citadas para o Brasil: Comentarios e Registros Bibliograficos. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Nacional, 99, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Costa
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384891C8A187FB70FD30" box="[1178,1224,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFC38489070A187FF65FCD3" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refString="Costa, J. M., Souza, L. O. I., Lourenco, A. M. & Oldrini, B. B. (2004) Chave para as familias e generos das larvas de Odonata citadas para o Brasil: Comentarios e Registros Bibliograficos. Publicacoes Avulsas do Museu Nacional, 99, 1 - 44." type="journal article">
|
||
Costa
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489034A187FA24FD30" box="[1382,1436,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2004)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions a pair of premental setae and 6 palpal setae for the genus, and in the material examined we observed 2 long premental setae and 0–8 small thin setae posterior to it and 5 or 6 palpal setae. The known larvae of protoneurid genera can be distinguished by the key to neotropical genera in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFC3848966FA02FFBFCFCA8" author="Neiss" box="[829,1092,845,868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refString="Neiss, U. G. & Hamada, N. (2012). Larvae of Epipleoneura manauensis Santos and Roppaneura beckeri Santos with a key to the genera of known Neotropical Protoneuridae larvae (Odonata: Zygoptera). International Journal of Odonatology, 15 (1), 31 - 43." type="journal article" year="2012">Neiss & Hamada (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFC38489595A012FDB1FB73" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,1215]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFC38489595A012FE6FFC4B" author="Neiss" box="[199,471,880,903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refString="Neiss, U. G. & Hamada, N. (2012). Larvae of Epipleoneura manauensis Santos and Roppaneura beckeri Santos with a key to the genera of known Neotropical Protoneuridae larvae (Odonata: Zygoptera). International Journal of Odonatology, 15 (1), 31 - 43." type="journal article" year="2012">Neiss & Hamada (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
divided the known larvae of protoneurid genera into two groups, the first with caudal lamellae divided into a basal and apical portion and with a well-defined nodus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC3848914EA0F0FA9BFC65" authority="Selys 1886" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1886" box="[1052,1315,914,937]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Microneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC3848914EA0F0FB25FC65" box="[1052,1181,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Microneura</emphasis>
|
||
Selys 1886
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489063A0F0FEB6FC00" authority="Selys 1860" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Neoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489063A0F0FA24FC65" box="[1329,1436,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Neoneura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFC384895C5A0D7FEB6FC00" author="Selys" box="[151,270,949,972]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refString="Selys-Longchamps, E. de (1860) Synopsis des Agrionines, derniere legion: Protonevra. Bulletin de l'Academie Royal de Belgique (II) 10, 431 - 462 (1 - 34 reprint)." type="journal article" year="1860">Selys 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489411A0D7FDB8FC00" authority="Selys" authorityName="Selys" box="[323,512,949,972]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Protoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489411A0D7FE07FC00" box="[323,447,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Protoneura</emphasis>
|
||
Selys
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Sagra 1857), and the second with caudal lamellae not divided and without defined nodus (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC384895B5A0BAFD87FC23" authority="Williamson 1915" authorityName="Williamson" authorityYear="1915" box="[231,575,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Epipleoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384895B5A0BAFEC3FC23" box="[231,379,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Epipleoneura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFC384894D0A0BAFD87FC23" author="Williamson" box="[386,575,984,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refString="Williamson, E. B. (1915) Notes on neotropical dragonflies or Odonata. Entomological news, 27, 30 - 33." type="journal article" year="1915">Williamson 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489718A0BAFC8EFC23" authority="Selys 1860" authorityName="Selys" authorityYear="1860" box="[586,822,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Idioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489718A0BAFD0EFC23" box="[586,694,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Idioneura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFC384897EEA0BAFC8EFC23" author="Selys" box="[700,822,984,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refString="Selys-Longchamps, E. de (1860) Synopsis des Agrionines, derniere legion: Protonevra. Bulletin de l'Academie Royal de Belgique (II) 10, 431 - 462 (1 - 34 reprint)." type="journal article" year="1860">Selys 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489613A0BAFC41FC23" authority="Hagen" authorityName="Hagen" box="[833,1017,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Peristicta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489613A0BAFC13FC23" box="[833,939,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Peristicta</emphasis>
|
||
Hagen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384896ADA0BAFBACFC23" box="[1023,1044,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">in</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C764B38FFFC38489149A0BAFB2AFC23" author="Selys" box="[1051,1170,984,1007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refString="Selys-Longchamps, E. de (1860) Synopsis des Agrionines, derniere legion: Protonevra. Bulletin de l'Academie Royal de Belgique (II) 10, 431 - 462 (1 - 34 reprint)." type="journal article" year="1860">Selys 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489194A0BAFF6AFBDD" authority="Santos 1966" authorityName="Santos" authorityYear="1966" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Roppaneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489194A0BAFAF4FC23" box="[1222,1356,984,1007]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Roppaneura</emphasis>
|
||
Santos 1966
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489427A099FE60FBDE" box="[373,472,1019,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sancta">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489427A099FE60FBDE" box="[373,472,1019,1042]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">F. sancta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the second group, differing primarily from other larvae of this group by the lack of black bands on the legs.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC384894A1A77FFD18FBF8" box="[499,672,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384894A1A77FFD18FBF8" box="[499,672,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Forcepsioneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489694A77FFBE2FBF8" box="[966,1114,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Epipleoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489694A77FFBE2FBF8" box="[966,1114,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Epipleoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of five or six setae on labial palp; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC384894EDA722FD93FB9B" box="[447,555,1088,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Idioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384894EDA722FD93FB9B" box="[447,555,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Idioneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the antenna seven-jointed, caudal lamellae not distinctly narrowed on their basal third; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489401A701FE05FBB6" box="[339,445,1123,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Peristicta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489401A701FE05FBB6" box="[339,445,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Peristicta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of caudal lamellae not oblong; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489152A701FB3EFBB6" box="[1024,1158,1123,1146]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Roppaneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489152A701FB3EFBB6" box="[1024,1158,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Roppaneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by prementum triangular and five or six setae on labial palp. Other features of differentiation between larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC3848912BA7E7FA9EFB50" box="[1145,1318,1157,1180]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC3848912BA7E7FA9EFB50" box="[1145,1318,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Forcepsioneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other protoneurid genera are in
|
||
<tableCitation id="B5650372FFFC384894E3A7CAFDBAFB73" box="[433,514,1192,1215]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,242,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,1311,1530]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="TABLE 1. Main diagnostic characters for the known larvae of Neotropical Protoneuridae genera." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AC986641FFFC384895C5A78EFB17FAC8" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" tableUuid="AC986641FFFC384895C5A78EFB17FAC8">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AC986641FFFC384895C5A78EFB17FAC8" ID-Table-UUID="AC986641FFFC384895C5A78EFB17FAC8" box="[151,1199,1260,1284]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AC986641FFFC384895C5A78EFB17FAC8" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" targetBox="[151,1425,1311,1530]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFC384895C5A78EFB17FAC8" blockId="1.[151,1199,1260,1284]" box="[151,1199,1260,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384895C5A78EFEB4FAC8" bold="true" box="[151,268,1260,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Main diagnostic characters for the known larvae of Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC38489696A78FFBE2FAC8" box="[964,1114,1261,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Protoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFC38489595A67DFA30FA10" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<table id="8AE7C469FFFCC7B695C5A67DFA29FA36" box="[151,1425,1311,1530]" gridcols="9" gridrows="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<tr id="46D7348BFFFCC7B695C5A67DFA29FAA3" box="[151,1425,1311,1391]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B695C5A67DFE91FAA3" box="[151,297,1311,1391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489595A67DFEB0FAF8" bold="true" box="[199,264,1311,1332]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Genus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B69411A67DFE6AFAA3" box="[323,466,1311,1391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489401A67DFE6AFA9E" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Number of antennomeres</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B694BAA67DFDE7FAA3" box="[488,607,1311,1391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384894A5A67DFDE7FAA3" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Anterior margin of prementum</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B6972AA67DFD5FFAA3" box="[632,743,1311,1391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC3848972AA67DFD70FAA3" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Number of premental setae</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B697ADA67DFCD4FAA3" box="[767,876,1311,1391]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384897ADA67DFCE8FAA3" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Number of labial palp setae</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B696D4A67DFC5AFAA3" box="[902,994,1311,1391]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384896CBA67DFC7FFAA3" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Dark bands on legs</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B696AFA67DFBE5FAA3" box="[1021,1117,1311,1391]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384896AFA67DFBE0FAA3" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Nodus on caudal lamellae</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B69125A67DFAA3FAA3" box="[1143,1307,1311,1391]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489125A67DFB5FFA9E" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Caudal lamellae shape</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B69064A67DFA29FAA3" box="[1334,1425,1311,1391]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC38489068A67DFA34FAA3" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Apex of caudal lamellae</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="46D7348BFFFCC7B695C5A6E0FA29FA5B" box="[151,1425,1410,1431]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B695C5A6E0FE91FA5B" box="[151,297,1410,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC384895F5A6E0FE91FA5B" box="[167,297,1410,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Epipleoneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384895F5A6E0FE91FA5B" box="[167,297,1410,1431]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Epipleoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B69411A6E0FE6AFA5B" box="[323,466,1410,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">7</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B694BAA6E0FDE7FA5B" box="[488,607,1410,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Triangular</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B6972AA6E0FD5FFA5B" box="[632,743,1410,1431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">1 pair</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B697ADA6E0FCD4FA5B" box="[767,876,1410,1431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">3–4</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B696D4A6E0FC5AFA5B" box="[902,994,1410,1431]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Present</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B696AFA6E0FBE5FA5B" box="[1021,1117,1410,1431]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B69125A6E0FAA3FA5B" box="[1143,1307,1410,1431]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Lanceolated</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B69064A6E0FA29FA5B" box="[1334,1425,1410,1431]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Rounded</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="46D7348BFFFCC7B695C5A6C8FA29FA36" box="[151,1425,1450,1530]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="05065DF7FFFCC7B695C5A6C8FE91FA36" box="[151,297,1450,1530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC384895EBA6AAFEA0FA11" box="[185,280,1480,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Idioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384895EBA6AAFEA0FA11" box="[185,280,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Idioneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B69411A6C8FE6AFA36" box="[323,466,1450,1530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">6</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B694BAA6C8FDE7FA36" box="[488,607,1450,1530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Triangular</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B6972AA6C8FD5FFA36" box="[632,743,1450,1530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">3 pairs</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B697ADA6C8FCD4FA36" box="[767,876,1450,1530]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">5</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B696D4A6C8FC5AFA36" box="[902,994,1450,1530]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Present</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B696AFA6C8FBE5FA36" box="[1021,1117,1450,1530]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Absent</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B69125A6C8FAA3FA36" box="[1143,1307,1450,1530]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Lanceolated, narrow on its basal third</td>
|
||
<td id="05065DF7FFFCC7B69064A6C8FA29FA36" box="[1334,1425,1450,1530]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Rounded or acute</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFC384895F2A56FFA30F9F3" blockId="1.[160,1421,1549,1668]" box="[160,1421,1549,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC384895F2A56FFE8AF9EE" box="[160,306,1549,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Forcepsioneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384895F2A56FFE8AF9EE" box="[160,306,1549,1570]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Forcepsioneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
7 Triangular 1 pairs 5–6 Absent Absent Lanceolated Rounded or acute
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFC384895FDA530FAC6F9AB" blockId="1.[160,1421,1549,1668]" box="[175,1406,1618,1639]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FE74D4AFFFC384895FDA530FE99F9AB" box="[175,289,1618,1639]" class="Insecta" family="Protoneuridae" genus="Microneura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Odonata" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA93EADBFFFC384895FDA530FE99F9AB" box="[175,289,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Microneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
7 Semi-oval 1 pair 3–4 Present or Present Lanceolated Acute
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="F85836C9FFFC384896C7A50DFC6AF948" blockId="1.[160,1421,1549,1668]" box="[917,978,1647,1668]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">absent</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |