304 lines
42 KiB
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304 lines
42 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CDDABEB42548918C1C3E2A43041C9625">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="112558324C6444F0C1DDE3D178506B66">García-Díaz, José De Jesús</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C048044180A3BB992BB91595732F8110">Posgrado en Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91073 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Sociedad Mexicana de Lepidopterología A. C.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="912AD179C1338EEBC4CD263671FA2EC0">Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="947B6074F67B66304C17BEF273A40248">BioAlfa, Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund Costa Rica, 749 - 1000, San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3E67A68967D52C791F52B667E532FD7D">Worthy, Robert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4C573AE0D20C6A61162C9DCFA1DCBB01">10 The Hill, Church Hill, Caterham, Surrey CR 3 6 SD, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E0E08428D7ACEA2B40A1E806D3ED9A2B">González, Jorge M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="97964FF991DC44DC34B12A0DFA9D31C9">Austin Achieve Public Schools, Austin, Texas, (Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity), USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="33598327339CFCF2A3CA07848A4CE8B6">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="67CC3DAC0AB39239EDD66747B660F36C">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E94F41D34AD15D34740D397308076F4">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3E14C59CFBC7" bold="true" box="[151,757,1109,1136]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
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9.
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF693E14C59CFBC7" ID-CoL="43M99" authority="Miller, 1980" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[181,757,1109,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhopygoides" subSpecies="smalli">
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF693E14C530FBC7" bold="true" box="[181,601,1109,1136]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFDBC3E14C59CFBC7" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[608,757,1110,1136]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE65493240FFCAFF4B3E38C6FAFB23" box="[151,403,1146,1172]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3E38C6FAFB23" blockId="17.[151,757,1109,1172]" box="[151,403,1146,1172]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
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(
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<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473240FFCAFF433E38C65BFB23" box="[159,306,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1462,1486]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,191,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1435,181,1438]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–B: Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli; A: ♂, Holotype, Panama, Panama, Cerro Jefe, ca. 900m. iii-11-1977, G.B. Small / 111078 6,7, Gordon Small Collection, MGCL/FLMNH Specimen no. 47927, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138161 (MGCL); B: ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Orosi, Pico Volcán Orosi, 1440m, 09/Jun/2002, P. Ríos & C. Moraga, 02-SRNP-12897, 10.95045, -85.54173 (MNCR); C–D: Athis delecta; C: ♂, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 4 de mayo 2001, Joaquín Sánchez, MNCR-E 55746, MNCR-A5055746 (MNCR); D: ♀, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 8 de mayo 2001, Ernesto Carman, MNCR-E 55745, MNCR-A5055745 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749658/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Figs. 7A, 7B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473240FFCAFEE23E38C627FB23" box="[318,334,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">9</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473240FFCAFE863E38C6E2FB23" box="[346,395,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">12D</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE65493240FFCAFF4B3EFDC79DFAA3" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3EFDC3ACFB61" blockId="17.[151,1437,1214,1392]" box="[151,1221,1214,1239]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3EFDC6B7FB60" ID-CoL="43M99" authority="Miller, 1980" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,478,1214,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3EFDC63FFB61" box="[151,342,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia smalli</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE813EFCC6B7FB60" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[349,478,1214,1239]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE343EFCC500FB60" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[488,617,1214,1239]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFDAE3EFDC44BFB60" bold="true" box="[626,802,1214,1239]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Bull. Allyn Mus.</emphasis>
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||
60, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 3–5, pl. figs. 15–18.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3E9CC79DFAA3" blockId="17.[151,1437,1214,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3E9CC630FB42" ID-CoL="43M99" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,345,1245,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3E9CC630FB42" box="[151,345,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia smalli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFEB43E9FC681FB42" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[360,488,1245,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFE2B3E9FC565FB42" bold="true" box="[503,524,1245,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">in</emphasis>
|
||
Heppner.
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFDA53E9FC212FB42" bold="true" box="[633,1403,1245,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
Castnioidea:
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFCD63E9FC4E8FB42" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[778,897,1245,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
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||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFC533E9FC36DFB42" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[911,1028,1245,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
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, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep.
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</emphasis>
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, p. 137.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE65493240FFCAFF4B3F59C5A2F8F3" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3F59C46AFA85" blockId="17.[151,1437,1214,1392]" box="[151,771,1306,1331]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
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||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3F59C63FFA85" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,342,1306,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3F59C63FFA85" box="[151,342,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia smalli</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFEB83F59C68EFA85" author="Lamas, G." box="[356,487,1306,1330]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFE2F3F59C5D4FA85" bold="true" box="[499,701,1306,1331]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
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, p. 85.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3F78C4B0FAE6" blockId="17.[151,1437,1214,1392]" box="[151,985,1337,1361]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3F78C63FFAE6" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,342,1337,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">
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||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3F78C63FFAE6" box="[151,342,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia smalli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFEB83F78C531FAE6" author="Moraes, S. & Duarte, M." box="[356,600,1337,1361]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. & Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes & Duarte, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFDBD3F7BC4FBFAE6" bold="true" box="[609,914,1337,1361]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2)</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 34.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3F1AC3A3FAC7" blockId="17.[151,1437,1214,1392]" box="[151,1226,1367,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3F1AC692FAC7" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,507,1368,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhopygoides" subSpecies="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3F1AC692FAC7" box="[151,507,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFDD53F1AC58DFAC7" author="Gonzalez, J. M. & Thony, H. & Worthy, R." box="[521,740,1368,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="240 - 254" refId="ref26141" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Thony, H. & Worthy, R. (2024) A review of the genus Mirocastnia J. Y. Miller 1980 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with records of recently collected specimens. Zootaxa, 5418 (3), 240 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5418.3.3" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
González
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFDB33F1AC5CBFAC7" box="[623,674,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFD313F1AC4CAFAD8" bold="true" box="[749,931,1367,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Zootaxa 5418 (3)</emphasis>
|
||
, p. 251, figs. 1, 5, 6C, 7F, G.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3FDCC5A2F8F3" blockId="17.[151,1437,1438,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3FDCC6E8FA0F" bold="true" box="[151,385,1438,1464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">General comments.</emphasis>
|
||
This was the last taxon to be described in the genus, based on material collected in Panama by Gordon B. Small during the 1970s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFD893F80C589FA6B" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[597,736,1474,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFD323F80C4F4FA6B" author="Gonzalez, J. M." box="[750,925,1474,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref25132" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2023) Types of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity (Gainesville, Florida). Colligo, 6 (2), 1 - 10. [https: // revue-colligo. fr /? id = 88]" type="journal article" year="2023">González 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, individuals have also been found and reared in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523240FFCAFEE83FA4C6DDF9B7" box="[308,436,1510,1536]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. It exhibits a marked sexual dimorphism both in the shape of the wings and in the wing pattern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFF283C48C617F993" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[244,382,1546,1572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE553C48C6ADF993" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[393,452,1546,1572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE0C3C48C5FFF993" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[464,662,1546,1572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="491 - 499" refId="ref28779" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2008) Osservazioni su alcuni taxa dei generi: Corybantes Hubner, [1819], Athis Hubner, [1819], Zegara Oiticica, 1955, Mirocastnia Miller, 1980 e Insigniocastnia Miller, 2007 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 36 (144), 491 - 499." type="journal article" year="2008">Vinciguerra 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFD7F3C48C438F993" author="Gonzalez, J. M." box="[675,849,1546,1572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref25132" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2023) Types of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity (Gainesville, Florida). Colligo, 6 (2), 1 - 10. [https: // revue-colligo. fr /? id = 88]" type="journal article" year="2023">González 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The male forewing is triangular with a dark brown base-color and copper colored postdiscal and subapical bands. Females possess rounded wings, with a blackish base-color and two white bands on the forewing. The anal angle of the male hindwing is acute, the base-color of the wing is dark brown and there is an orange marginal band along the costa; whilst in females the wings are rounded, their base-color is blackish, and a turquoise blue band accompanied by two white spots is found from the costa to the anal angle. They also possess two postdiscal white spots. Ventrally, in both sexes the wing pattern is similar to the dorsal one; in males the base-color is light orange; in females some reddish tones appear on the hindwing, the discal blue band disappears, and the basal region is light blue. Morphologically, except for their variable size, the three taxa are quite similar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE0C3D68C5D6F8F3" author="Gonzalez, J. M. & Thony, H. & Worthy, R." box="[464,703,1834,1860]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="240 - 254" refId="ref26141" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Thony, H. & Worthy, R. (2024) A review of the genus Mirocastnia J. Y. Miller 1980 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with records of recently collected specimens. Zootaxa, 5418 (3), 240 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5418.3.3" type="journal article" year="2024">
|
||
González
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFD9F3D69C512F8F3" box="[579,635,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493240FFC9FF1B3D0CC4B4FD1E" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFC9FF1B3D0CC4B4FD1E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1438,2040]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF1B3D0CC6B1F8DF" bold="true" box="[199,472,1870,1896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFE3F3D0DC41CF8DF" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[483,885,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhopygoides" subSpecies="smalli">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFE3F3D0DC41CF8DF" box="[483,885,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is diurnal and has been recorded around noon (11:00–12:30 hrs) between March and August in semi-cloud forest habitat over
|
||
<quantity id="603C9B273240FFCAFBC63D30C3E8F83B" box="[1050,1153,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="900.0">900 masl</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523240FFCAFB7A3D30C396F83B" box="[1190,1279,1906,1932]" name="Panama" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFAD23D30C2F1F83B" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1294,1432,1906,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFF4B3DD4C7BAF807" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[151,211,1942,1968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Gordon B. Small noted that adults of this taxon perched on dry branches in sunny spots, and that a female frequently visited epiphytic bromeliads on a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFD463DF8C360F863" authority="Read, R. W." authorityName="Read, R. W." box="[666,1033,1978,2004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Colpothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cookii">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFD463DF8C415F863" box="[666,892,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Colpothrinax cookii</emphasis>
|
||
Read, R.W.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
palm (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFB863DF8C3BBF863" box="[1114,1234,1978,2004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) inferring that an epiphytic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFED43D9CC6CBF84F" box="[264,418,2014,2040]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
could serve as its host plant (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFD2B3D9CC4EBF84F" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[759,898,2014,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFC533D9CC4A2F84F" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[911,971,2014,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The biology of this taxon was virtually unknown, but José
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FEAB3AD5C554FF06" authority="Azofeifa" authorityName="Azofeifa" box="[375,573,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonio">Antonio Azofeifa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pers. comm.), a parataxonomist, who worked at InBio told one of us (B. Espinoza) that on
|
||
<date id="D37A10023243FFC9FEBF3AF9C52FFF62" box="[355,582,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2010-11-08">November 08, 2010</date>
|
||
, he collected several larvae of a castniid from inside an epiphytic bromeliad that was
|
||
<quantity id="603C9B273243FFC9FF203A9DC676FF4E" box="[252,287,223,249]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
|
||
above ground level in the Tenorio Volcano National Park (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FC643A9DC378FF4E" box="[952,1041,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The bromeliad seems to be in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FF3C3B41C6A7FEAA" authority="J. R. Grant" authorityName="J. R. Grant" box="[224,462,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Werauhia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF3C3B41C625FEAA" box="[224,332,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Werauhia</emphasis>
|
||
J. R. Grant
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Francisco Morales, pers. comm.). The larvae were raised under laboratory conditions by J. A. Azofeifa and life cycles were monitored; however, it appears that the recorded information on the larval instars was lost, along with the resulting adults.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FD173B09C456FED2" box="[715,831,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
shows an early instar larva with the typical creamy coloration exhibited by Castniini larvae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FD803B2DC58FFE3E" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[604,742,367,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Each thoracic and abdominal segment has an irregular dorsal black horizontal line and two dorsolateral black spots; the last segment is almost black, the head is black, and the prothorax is orange (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FEA23BF5C6BEFE66" box="[382,471,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Final instar larvae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FD1D3BF5C47FFE66" box="[705,790,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
) are larger, each thoracic and abdominal segment has four dorsolateral black spots and one small orange spot between the black ones, the head is black, and the prothorax is orange. One of the larvae entered the pre-pupal stage the day after it was collected (
|
||
<date id="D37A10023243FFC9FB873BBDC38CFDAE" box="[1115,1253,511,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2010-11-09">09-XI-2010</date>
|
||
), and it pupated after 39 days (
|
||
<date id="D37A10023243FFC9FEE33861C6BBFD8A" box="[319,466,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2010-12-18">18-XII-2010</date>
|
||
), the imago emerged after 120 days (
|
||
<date id="D37A10023243FFC9FC5F3861C36EFD8A" box="[899,1031,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2011-03-09">09-III-2011</date>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FBFD3861C315FD8A" box="[1057,1148,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
) (Jose
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FB133861C2F1FD8A" authority="Azofeifa" authorityName="Azofeifa" box="[1231,1432,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonio">Antonio Azofeifa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pers. comm.). The pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FE733805C56DFDD6" box="[431,516,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
) has the classical configuration of the Castniini (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FBFA3805C3C7FDD6" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1062,1198,583,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and resembles other castniid species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FE8F3829C690FD32" author="Houlbert, C." box="[339,505,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FDD83829C5E2FD32" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[516,651,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FD483829C4C3FD32" author="Angulo, A. O. & Olivares, T. S." box="[660,938,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="133 - 138" refId="ref23501" refString="Angulo, A. O. & Olivares, T. S. (1993) Biology and immature stages of the bromeliad base borer, Castnia psittacus, in Chile (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 4 (2), 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1993">Angulo & Olivares 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FC693829C3CEFD32" author="Sarto, V. & Aguilar, L." box="[949,1191,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="39 - 40" refId="ref28455" refString="Sarto, V. & Aguilar, L. (2003) Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880) " L'eruga barrinadora de les palmeres ". Catalunya Rural i Agraria, 102, 39 - 40." type="journal article" year="2003">Sarto & Aguilar 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FB6D3829C25FFD32" author="Penco F. C." box="[1201,1334,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref27973" refString="Penco F. C. (2011) Lepidoptera Argentina. Catalogo ilustrado y comentado de las mariposas de Argentina. Parte I: Castniidae. Author, Moron, 41 pp." type="book" year="2011">Penco 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FA9D3829C622FD1E" author="Beneluz F. & Gallard J. Y." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="14 - 38" refId="ref23704" refString="Beneluz F. & Gallard J. Y. (2012) Les Castniidae de Guyane Francaise (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). In: Lacomme, D. & Manil, L. (Eds.), Lepidopteres de Guyane. Tome 6. Castniidae, Erebidae (Letis), Saturniidae (Eacles). Lepidopteristes de France, pp. 14 - 38." type="book chapter" year="2012">Bénéluz & Gallard 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; García-Díaz
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FE3938CDC577FD1E" box="[485,542,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022) in terms of shape and coloration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493243FFC9FF1B38F0C55AFC36" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="A77B36C23243FFC9FF1B38F0C55AFC36" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF1B38F0C52BFD7B" bold="true" box="[199,578,690,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
|
||
This taxon appears to be endemic to Central America and most specimens known are from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523243FFC9FE893895C6C7FD46" box="[341,430,727,753]" name="Panama" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FE623895C523FD46" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[446,586,727,753]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3243FFC9FD833895C46FFD46" box="[607,774,727,753]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523243FFC9FC913895C4A1FD46" box="[845,968,727,753]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
are mentioned herein, one from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203243FFC9FAE13895C2F5FD46" box="[1341,1436,727,753]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Guatuso) and the other from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203243FFC9FE3B38B9C501FCA2" box="[487,616,763,789]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
|
||
(La Cruz). Based on both localities, we can infer that
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FB1138B9C23AFCA2" box="[1229,1363,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
|
||
M. p.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FAD338B9C23AFCA2" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[1295,1363,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">smalli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
might be distributed in southern Costa Rican localities over 900 meters above sea level. According to the biogeographic provinces of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FEED3901C55BFCEA" author="Morrone, J. J. & Escalante, T. & Rodriguez-Tapia, G. & Carmona, A. & Arana, M. & Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[305,562,835,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. & Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
|
||
Morrone
|
||
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FE423901C6B3FCEA" box="[414,474,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, those two localities are in the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |