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9.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF693E14C59CFBC7" ID-CoL="43M99" authority="Miller, 1980" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[181,757,1109,1136]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhopygoides" subSpecies="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF693E14C530FBC7" bold="true" box="[181,601,1109,1136]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFDBC3E14C59CFBC7" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[608,757,1110,1136]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3E38C6FAFB23" blockId="17.[151,757,1109,1172]" box="[151,403,1146,1172]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473240FFCAFF433E38C65BFB23" box="[159,306,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1462,1486]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,191,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1435,181,1438]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–B: Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli; A: ♂, Holotype, Panama, Panama, Cerro Jefe, ca. 900m. iii-11-1977, G.B. Small / 111078 6,7, Gordon Small Collection, MGCL/FLMNH Specimen no. 47927, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138161 (MGCL); B: ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Orosi, Pico Volcán Orosi, 1440m, 09/Jun/2002, P. Ríos &amp; C. Moraga, 02-SRNP-12897, 10.95045, -85.54173 (MNCR); C–D: Athis delecta; C: ♂, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 4 de mayo 2001, Joaquín Sánchez, MNCR-E 55746, MNCR-A5055746 (MNCR); D: ♀, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 8 de mayo 2001, Ernesto Carman, MNCR-E 55745, MNCR-A5055745 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749658/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Figs. 7A, 7B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473240FFCAFEE23E38C627FB23" box="[318,334,1146,1172]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">9</figureCitation>
,
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)
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3EFDC6B7FB60" ID-CoL="43M99" authority="Miller, 1980" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,478,1214,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3EFDC63FFB61" box="[151,342,1214,1238]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia smalli</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE813EFCC6B7FB60" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[349,478,1214,1239]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE343EFCC500FB60" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[488,617,1214,1239]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller, 1980</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFDAE3EFDC44BFB60" bold="true" box="[626,802,1214,1239]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Bull. Allyn Mus.</emphasis>
60, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 3–5, pl. figs. 15–18.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3E9CC79DFAA3" blockId="17.[151,1437,1214,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3E9CC630FB42" ID-CoL="43M99" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,345,1245,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3E9CC630FB42" box="[151,345,1245,1269]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia smalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFEB43E9FC681FB42" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[360,488,1245,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFE2B3E9FC565FB42" bold="true" box="[503,524,1245,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFDA53E9FC212FB42" bold="true" box="[633,1403,1245,1269]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFCD63E9FC4E8FB42" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[778,897,1245,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFC533E9FC36DFB42" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[911,1028,1245,1269]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep.
</emphasis>
, p. 137.
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3F59C46AFA85" blockId="17.[151,1437,1214,1392]" box="[151,771,1306,1331]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3F59C63FFA85" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,342,1306,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3F59C63FFA85" box="[151,342,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia smalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFEB83F59C68EFA85" author="Lamas, G." box="[356,487,1306,1330]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFE2F3F59C5D4FA85" bold="true" box="[499,701,1306,1331]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 85.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3F78C63FFAE6" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,342,1337,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3F78C63FFAE6" box="[151,342,1337,1361]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia smalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFEB83F78C531FAE6" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." box="[356,600,1337,1361]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes &amp; Duarte, 2014</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFDBD3F7BC4FBFAE6" bold="true" box="[609,914,1337,1361]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2)</emphasis>
, p. 34.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFF4B3F1AC692FAC7" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,507,1368,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhopygoides" subSpecies="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3F1AC692FAC7" box="[151,507,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFDD53F1AC58DFAC7" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Thony, H. &amp; Worthy, R." box="[521,740,1368,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="240 - 254" refId="ref26141" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Thony, H. &amp; Worthy, R. (2024) A review of the genus Mirocastnia J. Y. Miller 1980 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with records of recently collected specimens. Zootaxa, 5418 (3), 240 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5418.3.3" type="journal article" year="2024">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFDB33F1AC5CBFAC7" box="[623,674,1368,1392]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
, 2024
</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFD313F1AC4CAFAD8" bold="true" box="[749,931,1367,1392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Zootaxa 5418 (3)</emphasis>
, p. 251, figs. 1, 5, 6C, 7F, G.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFCAFF4B3FDCC5A2F8F3" blockId="17.[151,1437,1438,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF4B3FDCC6E8FA0F" bold="true" box="[151,385,1438,1464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">General comments.</emphasis>
This was the last taxon to be described in the genus, based on material collected in Panama by Gordon B. Small during the 1970s (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFD893F80C589FA6B" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[597,736,1474,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFD323F80C4F4FA6B" author="Gonzalez, J. M." box="[750,925,1474,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref25132" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2023) Types of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity (Gainesville, Florida). Colligo, 6 (2), 1 - 10. [https: // revue-colligo. fr /? id = 88]" type="journal article" year="2023">González 2023</bibRefCitation>
). However, individuals have also been found and reared in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523240FFCAFEE83FA4C6DDF9B7" box="[308,436,1510,1536]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. It exhibits a marked sexual dimorphism both in the shape of the wings and in the wing pattern (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFF283C48C617F993" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[244,382,1546,1572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE553C48C6ADF993" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[393,452,1546,1572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE0C3C48C5FFF993" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[464,662,1546,1572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="491 - 499" refId="ref28779" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2008) Osservazioni su alcuni taxa dei generi: Corybantes Hubner, [1819], Athis Hubner, [1819], Zegara Oiticica, 1955, Mirocastnia Miller, 1980 e Insigniocastnia Miller, 2007 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 36 (144), 491 - 499." type="journal article" year="2008">Vinciguerra 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFD7F3C48C438F993" author="Gonzalez, J. M." box="[675,849,1546,1572]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref25132" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. (2023) Types of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity (Gainesville, Florida). Colligo, 6 (2), 1 - 10. [https: // revue-colligo. fr /? id = 88]" type="journal article" year="2023">González 2023</bibRefCitation>
). The male forewing is triangular with a dark brown base-color and copper colored postdiscal and subapical bands. Females possess rounded wings, with a blackish base-color and two white bands on the forewing. The anal angle of the male hindwing is acute, the base-color of the wing is dark brown and there is an orange marginal band along the costa; whilst in females the wings are rounded, their base-color is blackish, and a turquoise blue band accompanied by two white spots is found from the costa to the anal angle. They also possess two postdiscal white spots. Ventrally, in both sexes the wing pattern is similar to the dorsal one; in males the base-color is light orange; in females some reddish tones appear on the hindwing, the discal blue band disappears, and the basal region is light blue. Morphologically, except for their variable size, the three taxa are quite similar (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFE0C3D68C5D6F8F3" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Thony, H. &amp; Worthy, R." box="[464,703,1834,1860]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="240 - 254" refId="ref26141" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Thony, H. &amp; Worthy, R. (2024) A review of the genus Mirocastnia J. Y. Miller 1980 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with records of recently collected specimens. Zootaxa, 5418 (3), 240 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5418.3.3" type="journal article" year="2024">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFD9F3D69C512F8F3" box="[579,635,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">et al.</emphasis>
2024
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493240FFC9FF1B3D0CC4B4FD1E" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23240FFC9FF1B3D0CC4B4FD1E" blockId="17.[151,1437,1438,2040]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,897]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="169" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFF1B3D0CC6B1F8DF" bold="true" box="[199,472,1870,1896]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFE3F3D0DC41CF8DF" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[483,885,1870,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhopygoides" subSpecies="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFE3F3D0DC41CF8DF" box="[483,885,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is diurnal and has been recorded around noon (11:00–12:30 hrs) between March and August in semi-cloud forest habitat over
<quantity id="603C9B273240FFCAFBC63D30C3E8F83B" box="[1050,1153,1906,1932]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" unit="m" value="900.0">900 masl</quantity>
in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523240FFCAFB7A3D30C396F83B" box="[1190,1279,1906,1932]" name="Panama" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFAD23D30C2F1F83B" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1294,1432,1906,1932]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFF4B3DD4C7BAF807" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[151,211,1942,1968]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
). Gordon B. Small noted that adults of this taxon perched on dry branches in sunny spots, and that a female frequently visited epiphytic bromeliads on a
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFD463DF8C360F863" authority="Read, R. W." authorityName="Read, R. W." box="[666,1033,1978,2004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Colpothrinax" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cookii">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03240FFCAFD463DF8C415F863" box="[666,892,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="168">Colpothrinax cookii</emphasis>
Read, R.W.
</taxonomicName>
palm (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFB863DF8C3BBF863" box="[1114,1234,1978,2004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
) inferring that an epiphytic
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413240FFCAFED43D9CC6CBF84F" box="[264,418,2014,2040]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
could serve as its host plant (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFD2B3D9CC4EBF84F" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[759,898,2014,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333240FFCAFC533D9CC4A2F84F" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[911,971,2014,2040]" pageId="17" pageNumber="168" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">1986</bibRefCitation>
). The biology of this taxon was virtually unknown, but José
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FEAB3AD5C554FF06" authority="Azofeifa" authorityName="Azofeifa" box="[375,573,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonio">Antonio Azofeifa</taxonomicName>
(pers. comm.), a parataxonomist, who worked at InBio told one of us (B. Espinoza) that on
<date id="D37A10023243FFC9FEBF3AF9C52FFF62" box="[355,582,187,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2010-11-08">November 08, 2010</date>
, he collected several larvae of a castniid from inside an epiphytic bromeliad that was
<quantity id="603C9B273243FFC9FF203A9DC676FF4E" box="[252,287,223,249]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
above ground level in the Tenorio Volcano National Park (
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FC643A9DC378FF4E" box="[952,1041,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
). The bromeliad seems to be in the genus
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FF3C3B41C6A7FEAA" authority="J. R. Grant" authorityName="J. R. Grant" box="[224,462,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Werauhia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF3C3B41C625FEAA" box="[224,332,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Werauhia</emphasis>
J. R. Grant
</taxonomicName>
(Francisco Morales, pers. comm.). The larvae were raised under laboratory conditions by J. A. Azofeifa and life cycles were monitored; however, it appears that the recorded information on the larval instars was lost, along with the resulting adults.
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FD173B09C456FED2" box="[715,831,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Figure 9A</figureCitation>
shows an early instar larva with the typical creamy coloration exhibited by Castniini larvae (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FD803B2DC58FFE3E" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[604,742,367,393]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
). Each thoracic and abdominal segment has an irregular dorsal black horizontal line and two dorsolateral black spots; the last segment is almost black, the head is black, and the prothorax is orange (
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FEA23BF5C6BEFE66" box="[382,471,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
). Final instar larvae (
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FD1D3BF5C47FFE66" box="[705,790,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
) are larger, each thoracic and abdominal segment has four dorsolateral black spots and one small orange spot between the black ones, the head is black, and the prothorax is orange. One of the larvae entered the pre-pupal stage the day after it was collected (
<date id="D37A10023243FFC9FB873BBDC38CFDAE" box="[1115,1253,511,537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2010-11-09">09-XI-2010</date>
), and it pupated after 39 days (
<date id="D37A10023243FFC9FEE33861C6BBFD8A" box="[319,466,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2010-12-18">18-XII-2010</date>
), the imago emerged after 120 days (
<date id="D37A10023243FFC9FC5F3861C36EFD8A" box="[899,1031,547,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" value="2011-03-09">09-III-2011</date>
) (
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FBFD3861C315FD8A" box="[1057,1148,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
) (Jose
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FB133861C2F1FD8A" authority="Azofeifa" authorityName="Azofeifa" box="[1231,1432,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonio">Antonio Azofeifa</taxonomicName>
, pers. comm.). The pupa (
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FE733805C56DFDD6" box="[431,516,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
) has the classical configuration of the Castniini (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FBFA3805C3C7FDD6" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1062,1198,583,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
) and resembles other castniid species (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FE8F3829C690FD32" author="Houlbert, C." box="[339,505,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert 1918</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FDD83829C5E2FD32" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[516,651,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FD483829C4C3FD32" author="Angulo, A. O. &amp; Olivares, T. S." box="[660,938,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="133 - 138" refId="ref23501" refString="Angulo, A. O. &amp; Olivares, T. S. (1993) Biology and immature stages of the bromeliad base borer, Castnia psittacus, in Chile (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 4 (2), 133 - 138." type="journal article" year="1993">Angulo &amp; Olivares 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FC693829C3CEFD32" author="Sarto, V. &amp; Aguilar, L." box="[949,1191,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="39 - 40" refId="ref28455" refString="Sarto, V. &amp; Aguilar, L. (2003) Paysandisia archon (Burmeister, 1880) &quot; L'eruga barrinadora de les palmeres &quot;. Catalunya Rural i Agraria, 102, 39 - 40." type="journal article" year="2003">Sarto &amp; Aguilar 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FB6D3829C25FFD32" author="Penco F. C." box="[1201,1334,619,645]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref27973" refString="Penco F. C. (2011) Lepidoptera Argentina. Catalogo ilustrado y comentado de las mariposas de Argentina. Parte I: Castniidae. Author, Moron, 41 pp." type="book" year="2011">Penco 2011</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FA9D3829C622FD1E" author="Beneluz F. &amp; Gallard J. Y." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="14 - 38" refId="ref23704" refString="Beneluz F. &amp; Gallard J. Y. (2012) Les Castniidae de Guyane Francaise (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). In: Lacomme, D. &amp; Manil, L. (Eds.), Lepidopteres de Guyane. Tome 6. Castniidae, Erebidae (Letis), Saturniidae (Eacles). Lepidopteristes de France, pp. 14 - 38." type="book chapter" year="2012">Bénéluz &amp; Gallard 2012</bibRefCitation>
; García-Díaz
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FE3938CDC577FD1E" box="[485,542,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2022) in terms of shape and coloration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493243FFC9FF1B38F0C55AFC36" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23243FFC9FF1B38F0C55AFC36" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF1B38F0C52BFD7B" bold="true" box="[199,578,690,717]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
This taxon appears to be endemic to Central America and most specimens known are from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523243FFC9FE893895C6C7FD46" box="[341,430,727,753]" name="Panama" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FE623895C523FD46" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[446,586,727,753]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref27065" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1980) Studies in the Castniidae III. Mirocastnia. Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 60, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="1980">Miller 1980</bibRefCitation>
);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3243FFC9FD833895C46FFD46" box="[607,774,727,753]" count="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523243FFC9FC913895C4A1FD46" box="[845,968,727,753]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
are mentioned herein, one from
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203243FFC9FAE13895C2F5FD46" box="[1341,1436,727,753]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
(Guatuso) and the other from
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(La Cruz). Based on both localities, we can infer that
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FB1138B9C23AFCA2" box="[1229,1363,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
M. p.
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</emphasis>
might be distributed in southern Costa Rican localities over 900 meters above sea level. According to the biogeographic provinces of
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Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FE423901C6B3FCEA" box="[414,474,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
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, those two localities are in the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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VI.
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF1A3990C66FFC5A" bold="true" box="[198,262,978,1005]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Athis</emphasis>
Hübner, [1819]
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF4B3E59C7B8FB82" box="[151,209,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Athis</emphasis>
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is the
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genus with the largest number of species (currently 17) and one of the genera of this family with the widest distribution in the Americas, ranging from northern
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throughout Central America and through South America to
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,
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, and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523243FFC9FDED3E21C511FBCA" box="[561,632,1123,1149]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, with the presence of some species on three Caribbean islands (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FAE73E21C607FB16" author="Pierre, J. &amp; Pierre-Baltus, C." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="437 - 439" refId="ref28111" refString="Pierre, J. &amp; Pierre-Baltus, C. (2003) Un nouveau Castnia endemique de la Martinique (Lepidoptera, Castniidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 108 (5), 437 - 439. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2003.17000" type="journal article" year="2003">Pierre &amp; Pierre-Baltus 2003</bibRefCitation>
; González 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FDEF3EC5C428FB16" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W." box="[563,833,1159,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25429" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W. (2004) A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Zootaxa, 762 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 762.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">González &amp; Cock 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FC913EC5C352FB16" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Ayala, J. M. &amp; Alnaudez, J. L." box="[845,1083,1159,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="347 - 355" refId="ref25308" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Ayala, J. M. &amp; Alnaudez, J. L. (2006) Notes on Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) of Margarita Island, Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, 40 (3), 347 - 355." type="journal article" year="2006">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FC623EC5C49EFB16" box="[958,1015,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FB9A3EC5C265FB16" author="Pierre, J. &amp; Deknuydt, F. &amp; Pierre-Baltus, C." box="[1094,1292,1159,1185]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref28006" refString="Pierre, J., Deknuydt, F. &amp; Pierre-Baltus, C. (2008) Nouvelles donnees sur le mysterieux Castnia endemique de la Martinique (Lep., Castniidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 113 (3), 384. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2008.2133" type="journal volume" year="2008">
Pierre
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FB4D3EC5C3A3FB16" box="[1169,1226,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; Vinciguerra
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF4B3EE9C7BAFB72" box="[151,211,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2011;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FEFB3EE9C5F9FB72" author="Pierre, J. &amp; Lalanne-Cassou, B." box="[295,656,1195,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="2 - 8" refId="ref28067" refString="Pierre, J. &amp; Lalanne-Cassou, B. (2014) Les papillons de jour de la Martinique (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera et Castniidae). Lepidopteres - Revue des Lepidopteristes de France, 23 (57), 2 - 8." type="journal article" year="2014">Pierre &amp; Lalanne-Cassou 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Bromeliads have been reported as hosts, with some
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FADB3EE9C228FB72" box="[1287,1345,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Athis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
known to feed on species of the genera
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FD8D3E8DC5ABFB5E" box="[593,706,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Billbergia</emphasis>
Thunberg, 1821
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FC543E8DC3F8FB5E" ID-CoL="8VY4S" authority="Klotzsch, 1835" authorityName="Klotzsch" authorityYear="1835" box="[904,1169,1230,1257]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Hechtia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FC543E8DC488FB5E" box="[904,993,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Hechtia</emphasis>
Klotzsch, 1835
</taxonomicName>
and
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FB1B3E8DC25EFB5E" box="[1223,1335,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Tillandsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 1753 (González 2004;
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González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FE0D3EB1C565FABA" box="[465,524,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FD833EB1C43BFABA" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Simon, S. &amp; Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R." box="[607,850,1267,1293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="300 - 322" refId="ref25837" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Lopez-Godinez, B., Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Simon, S., Sarto i Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R. (2021) Reinstatement of Athis miastagma (Dyar, 1925) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) as a valid species inhabiting the Pacific slope of Central Mexico. Zootaxa, 5061 (2), 300 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5061.2.4" type="journal article" year="2021">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FD0F3EB1C467FABA" box="[723,782,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FCBD3EB1C31AFABA" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Turrent-Carriles, A." box="[865,1139,1267,1293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="35 - 41" refId="ref24611" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Turrent-Carriles, A. (2019) Descripcion de la hembra de Athis jaliscana Lopez y Porion, 2012 (Castniidae) con algunos comentarios bionomicos. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Lepidopterologia, Nueva Serie, 7 (1), 35 - 41." type="journal article" year="2019">
García-Díaz
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FC283EB1C346FABA" box="[1012,1071,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FB5D3EB1C3D5FABA" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Miller, J. Y. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[1153,1212,1267,1293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="86 - 89" refId="ref24736" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Miller, J. Y. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Observations on the courtship and other biological aspects of Athis hechtiae (Dyar, 1910) (Castniidae) in Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 30 (2), 86 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4317558" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
, 2022;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FACF3EB1C788FA86" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref24497" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 b) Synopsis of Athis thysanete (Dyar, 1912) (Castniidae: Castniinae) populations, courtship behavior and other observations on its biology. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (2), 91 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7246181" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022b</bibRefCitation>
; iNaturalist 2023). Most
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FDDB3F55C5F5FA86" box="[519,668,1303,1329]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FDDB3F55C528FA86" box="[519,577,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Athis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
have triangular forewings with a characteristic wing pattern, they have a tawny brown forewing base and a diagonal band that runs from the wing base to the subapical region; one to three white or translucent spots are present in the apical region (González 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FBC13F1DC261FACE" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Simon, S. &amp; Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R." box="[1053,1288,1375,1401]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="300 - 322" refId="ref25837" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Lopez-Godinez, B., Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Simon, S., Sarto i Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R. (2021) Reinstatement of Athis miastagma (Dyar, 1925) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) as a valid species inhabiting the Pacific slope of Central Mexico. Zootaxa, 5061 (2), 300 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5061.2.4" type="journal article" year="2021">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FB523F1DC3AFFACE" box="[1166,1222,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FACF3F1DC788FA2A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref24497" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 b) Synopsis of Athis thysanete (Dyar, 1912) (Castniidae: Castniinae) populations, courtship behavior and other observations on its biology. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (2), 91 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7246181" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022b</bibRefCitation>
; García-Díaz
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FEA03FC1C6DCFA2A" box="[380,437,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2022). Curiously, not much is known about the ecology, behavior, and life cycle of most of these species (Vinciguerra
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FE373FE5C54FFA76" box="[491,550,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2011), although some authors have written briefly about them (
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FADB3FE5C243FA77" box="[1287,1322,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">i.e.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FAEF3FE5C6D7FA52" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="5 - 10" refId="ref25608" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F. (1992) Descripcion de una nueva especie de Athis Hubner de Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Castniidae: Castniinae). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 52 (137), 5 - 10." type="journal article" year="1992">González &amp; Fernández-Yépez 1992</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FE173F89C465FA52" author="Pierre, J. &amp; Pierre-Baltus, C." box="[459,780,1483,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="437 - 439" refId="ref28111" refString="Pierre, J. &amp; Pierre-Baltus, C. (2003) Un nouveau Castnia endemique de la Martinique (Lepidoptera, Castniidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 108 (5), 437 - 439. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2003.17000" type="journal article" year="2003">Pierre &amp; Pierre-Baltus 2003</bibRefCitation>
; González 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FC0F3F89C3AAFA52" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Ayala, J. M. &amp; Alnaudez, J. L." box="[979,1219,1483,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="347 - 355" refId="ref25308" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Ayala, J. M. &amp; Alnaudez, J. L. (2006) Notes on Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) of Margarita Island, Venezuela. Boletin del Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, 40 (3), 347 - 355." type="journal article" year="2006">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FB9A3F89C311FA52" box="[1094,1144,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FB133F89C263FA52" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Simon, S. &amp; Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R." box="[1231,1290,1483,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="300 - 322" refId="ref25837" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Lopez-Godinez, B., Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Simon, S., Sarto i Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R. (2021) Reinstatement of Athis miastagma (Dyar, 1925) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) as a valid species inhabiting the Pacific slope of Central Mexico. Zootaxa, 5061 (2), 300 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5061.2.4" type="journal article" year="2021">2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FACB3F89C7BBF9BE" author="Pierre, J. &amp; Deknuydt, F. &amp; Pierre-Baltus, C." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" refId="ref28006" refString="Pierre, J., Deknuydt, F. &amp; Pierre-Baltus, C. (2008) Nouvelles donnees sur le mysterieux Castnia endemique de la Martinique (Lep., Castniidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 113 (3), 384. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / bsef. 2008.2133" type="journal volume" year="2008">
Pierre
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FABF3F89C2FCFA52" box="[1379,1429,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FF033FADC684F9BE" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Turrent-Carriles, A." box="[223,493,1519,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="35 - 41" refId="ref24611" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Turrent-Carriles, A. (2019) Descripcion de la hembra de Athis jaliscana Lopez y Porion, 2012 (Castniidae) con algunos comentarios bionomicos. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Lepidopterologia, Nueva Serie, 7 (1), 35 - 41." type="journal article" year="2019">
García-Díaz
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FEAC3FADC6C3F9BE" box="[368,426,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FE253FADC55DF9BE" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Miller, J. Y. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[505,564,1519,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="86 - 89" refId="ref24736" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Miller, J. Y. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Observations on the courtship and other biological aspects of Athis hechtiae (Dyar, 1910) (Castniidae) in Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 30 (2), 86 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4317558" type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
, 2022;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FD543FADC40DF9BE" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[648,868,1519,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref24497" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 b) Synopsis of Athis thysanete (Dyar, 1912) (Castniidae: Castniinae) populations, courtship behavior and other observations on its biology. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (2), 91 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7246181" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022b</bibRefCitation>
). The rarity of some
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FB8F3FADC38CF9BE" box="[1107,1253,1519,1545]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FB8F3FADC3E4F9BE" box="[1107,1165,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Athis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
is evident, as is the case with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FEEF3C51C534F99A" ID-CoL="5W8VC" authority="(H. Druce, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[307,605,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ahala">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FEEF3C51C6FBF99A" box="[307,402,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">A. ahala</emphasis>
(H.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FE1A3C51C53CF99A" author="Druce, H." box="[454,597,1555,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce, 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FDB63C51C3D1F99A" authority="(Espinoza-Sanabria &amp; Gonzalez, 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Espinoza-Sanabria &amp; Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[618,1208,1554,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analibiae">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FDB63C51C59AF99A" box="[618,755,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">A. analibiae</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FCDE3C51C3D9F99A" author="Espinoza-Sanabria, B. A. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[770,1200,1554,1581]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 8" refId="ref24220" refString="Espinoza-Sanabria, B. A. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2005) Description of a new species of Imara Houlbert, 1918 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Zootaxa, 849 (1), 1 - 8. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 849.1.1" type="journal article" year="2005">Espinoza-Sanabria &amp; González, 2005</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FB183C51C7B3F9E6" ID-CoL="95ZWG" authority="(Schaus, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FB183C51C25CF99A" box="[1220,1333,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">A. delecta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FA983C51C7B8F9E6" author="Schaus W." pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FF3A3C75C5B0F9E6" authority="Lopez-Godinez &amp; Porion, 2012" authorityName="Lopez-Godinez &amp; Porion" authorityYear="2012" box="[230,729,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaliscana">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF3A3C75C604F9E6" box="[230,365,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">A. jaliscana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FEA83C75C5B0F9E6" author="Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Porion, T." box="[372,729,1591,1617]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref26740" refString="Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Porion, T. (2012) Notes sur le genre Athis Hubner, [1819] et description d'une nouvelle espece du Mexique (Lepidoptera, Castniidae). Les cahiers du Musee des Confluences - Etudes scientifiques, No. 3, 75 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / mhnly. 2012.1580" type="book chapter" year="2012">López-Godínez &amp; Porion, 2012</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FCCC3C75C309F9E6" authority="Vinciguerra, 2011" authorityName="Vinciguerra" authorityYear="2011" box="[784,1120,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pirrelloi">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FCCC3C75C4E5F9E6" box="[784,908,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">A. pirrelloi</emphasis>
Vinciguerra, 2011
</taxonomicName>
, which are known from just a few specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE65493243FFC9FF4B3C84C570F957" box="[151,537,1734,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23243FFC9FF4B3C84C570F957" blockId="18.[151,537,1734,1797]" box="[151,537,1734,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<heading id="FC3381AE3243FFC9FF4B3C84C570F957" bold="true" box="[151,537,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF4B3C84C570F957" bold="true" box="[151,537,1734,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
10.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FF1F3C84C570F957" ID-CoL="95ZWG" authority="(Schaus, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[195,537,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF1F3C84C636F956" bold="true" box="[195,351,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Athis delecta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FEB23C84C57BF957" author="Schaus W." box="[366,530,1734,1760]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493243FFC9FF4B3CA9C61CF8B2" box="[151,373,1771,1797]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23243FFC9FF4B3CA9C61CF8B2" blockId="18.[151,537,1734,1797]" box="[151,373,1771,1797]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FF433CA9C65BF8B2" box="[159,306,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1462,1486]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,191,1430]" captionTargetId="figure-17@19.[151,1435,181,1438]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 7. A–B: Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli; A: ♂, Holotype, Panama, Panama, Cerro Jefe, ca. 900m. iii-11-1977, G.B. Small / 111078 6,7, Gordon Small Collection, MGCL/FLMNH Specimen no. 47927, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138161 (MGCL); B: ♀, Prov. Guanacaste, Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Orosi, Pico Volcán Orosi, 1440m, 09/Jun/2002, P. Ríos &amp; C. Moraga, 02-SRNP-12897, 10.95045, -85.54173 (MNCR); C–D: Athis delecta; C: ♂, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 4 de mayo 2001, Joaquín Sánchez, MNCR-E 55746, MNCR-A5055746 (MNCR); D: ♀, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 8 de mayo 2001, Ernesto Carman, MNCR-E 55745, MNCR-A5055745 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749658/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Figs. 7C, 7D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473243FFC9FEE23CA9C607F8B2" box="[318,366,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">12C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493243FFC9FF4B3D72C4F4F875" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23243FFC9FF4B3D72C494F8F0" blockId="18.[151,1395,1839,1986]" box="[151,1021,1839,1863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FF4B3D72C6ACF8F0" ID-CoL="967J2" authority="Schaus, 1911" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,453,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF4B3D72C65CF8F0" box="[151,309,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Castnia delecta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FEE03D6DC6ACF8F0" author="Schaus W." box="[316,453,1839,1863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FE133D6DC530F8F0" author="Schaus W." box="[463,601,1839,1863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FDBE3D6DC4C3F8F0" bold="true" box="[610,938,1839,1863]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7 (38)</emphasis>
, p. 192.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23243FFC9FF4B3D0CC3E9F8D1" blockId="18.[151,1395,1839,1986]" box="[151,1152,1869,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF4B3D0CC65AF8D1" box="[151,307,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FF4B3D0CC645F8D1" box="[151,300,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">Orthia delecta</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FEE53D0CC6BFF8D1" author="Houlbert, C." box="[313,470,1870,1894]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FE033D0DC5A9F8D1" bold="true" box="[479,704,1869,1896]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 65, 509, 695, 721 pl. CDXXXIX 3781.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23243FFC9FF4B3D2EC5A1F814" blockId="18.[151,1395,1839,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FF4B3D2EC672F833" ID-CoL="95ZWG" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,283,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF4B3D2EC672F833" box="[151,283,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Athis delecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FEF43D2EC6CFF833" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[296,422,1900,1924]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FE6E3D2EC6AEF833" bold="true" box="[434,455,1900,1924]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FDEC3D2EC249F832" bold="true" box="[560,1312,1900,1925]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FD633D2EC45FF833" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[703,822,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FC9D3D2EC4DFF833" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[833,950,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep.
</emphasis>
, p. 133.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FF4B3DC9C672F814" ID-CoL="95ZWG" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,283,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF4B3DC9C672F814" box="[151,283,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Athis delecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FEF43DCEC6C2F814" author="Lamas, G." box="[296,427,1931,1955]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FE643DC9C5E8F814" bold="true" box="[440,641,1931,1955]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 76.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23243FFC9FF4B3DE8C4F4F875" blockId="18.[151,1395,1839,1986]" box="[151,925,1961,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413243FFC9FF4B3DE8C672F875" ID-CoL="95ZWG" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,283,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FF4B3DE8C672F875" box="[151,283,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Athis delecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333243FFC9FEF43DE8C575F875" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." box="[296,540,1962,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes &amp; Duarte, 2014</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03243FFC9FDF93DE8C43EF876" bold="true" box="[549,855,1961,1986]" pageId="18" pageNumber="169">Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2)</emphasis>
, p. 29.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F3BB664A3242FFC8FF4B3FF4C3C1F935" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749658" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12749658" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749658/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" startId="19.[151,250,1462,1486]" targetBox="[159,1429,191,1430]" targetPageId="19" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23242FFC8FF4B3FF4C3C1F935" blockId="19.[151,1437,1462,1666]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FF4B3FF4C63CFA79" bold="true" box="[151,341,1462,1486]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">FIGURE 7. A–B:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FE813FF5C5ADFA79" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[349,708,1462,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhopygoides" subSpecies="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FE813FF5C5ADFA79" box="[349,708,1462,1486]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FD0F3FF4C584FA79" bold="true" box="[723,749,1462,1486]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A:</emphasis>
♂, Holotype, Panama, Panama, Cerro Jefe, ca. 900m. iii-11-1977, G.B. Small / 111078 6,7, Gordon Small Collection, MGCL/FLMNH Specimen no. 47927, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138161 (MGCL);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FF223FBCC671F9A1" bold="true" box="[254,280,1534,1558]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">B:</emphasis>
♀, Prov. Guanacaste,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FE243FBDC5B0F9A1" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[504,729,1534,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Área de Conservación</taxonomicName>
Guanacaste, Sector Orosi, Pico Volcán Orosi, 1440m, 09/Jun/2002, P. Ríos &amp; C. Moraga, 02-SRNP-12897, 10.95045, -85.54173 (MNCR);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FC803C60C4FCF98D" bold="true" box="[860,917,1570,1594]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">C–D:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FC403C60C349F98D" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[924,1056,1570,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FC403C60C349F98D" box="[924,1056,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Athis delecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FBF23C60C320F98D" bold="true" box="[1070,1097,1570,1594]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">C:</emphasis>
♂, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 4 de mayo 2001, Joaquín Sánchez, MNCR-E 55746, MNCR-A5055746 (MNCR);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FBC53C04C35AF9E9" bold="true" box="[1049,1075,1606,1630]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">D:</emphasis>
♀, San José, Museo Nacional de C. R., 8 de mayo 2001, Ernesto Carman, MNCR-E 55745, MNCR-A5055745 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493242FFCFFF4B3C84C2E8FE7D" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="171" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23242FFC8FF4B3C84C60CF8FE" blockId="19.[151,1437,1734,2042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FF4B3C84C6E8F957" bold="true" box="[151,385,1734,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">General comments.</emphasis>
Described as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FDFA3C84C41FF957" authority="Schaus, 1911" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1911" box="[550,886,1734,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FDFA3C84C5BEF957" box="[550,727,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Castnia delecta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FD3C3C84C41FF957" author="Schaus W." box="[736,886,1734,1760]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from specimens collected in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523242FFC8FB163C84C249F957" box="[1226,1312,1734,1760]" name="Mexico" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Córdoba) and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523242FFC8FF1B3CABC629F8B4" box="[199,320,1769,1795]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(Esperanza [del Guarco]) (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FDAD3CABC46AF8B4" author="Schaus W." box="[625,771,1769,1795]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus 1911</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FCD33CABC4F3F8B4" author="Strand, E." box="[783,922,1769,1795]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand 1913</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FC793CABC344F8B3" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[933,1069,1769,1796]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FBE53CA8C3AFF8B3" author="Lamas, G." box="[1081,1222,1769,1796]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FB0D3CABC64EF891" author="Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Porion, T." pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref26740" refString="Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Porion, T. (2012) Notes sur le genre Athis Hubner, [1819] et description d'une nouvelle espece du Mexique (Lepidoptera, Castniidae). Les cahiers du Musee des Confluences - Etudes scientifiques, No. 3, 75 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / mhnly. 2012.1580" type="book chapter" year="2012">López-Godínez &amp; Porion 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FEE63D4EC698F891" author="Houlbert, C." box="[314,497,1804,1830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert (1918)</bibRefCitation>
included it in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FD4B3D4EC36BF890" authority="Herrich-Schaffer, [1853]" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1853" box="[663,1026,1804,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Orthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FD4B3D4EC58BF891" box="[663,738,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Orthia</emphasis>
Herrich-Schäffer, [1853]
</taxonomicName>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FBE73D4EC3A4F891" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1083,1229,1804,1830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FB053D4EC27BF890" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1241,1298,1804,1831]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
) transferred it to
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FF173D6DC60CF8FE" authority="Hubner." authorityName="Hubner." box="[203,357,1839,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FF173D6DC66CF8FE" box="[203,261,1839,1865]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Athis</emphasis>
Hübner.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23242FFC8FF1B3D11C6F7F84D" blockId="19.[151,1437,1734,2042]" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FF1B3D11C63EF8DA" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[199,343,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FF1B3D11C63EF8DA" box="[199,343,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Athis delecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is, together with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FDC83D11C518F8DA" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[532,625,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ahala">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FDC83D11C518F8DA" box="[532,625,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. ahala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FD783D11C441F8DA" authorityName="Lopez-Godinez &amp; Porion" authorityYear="2012" box="[676,808,1875,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaliscana">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FD783D11C441F8DA" box="[676,808,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. jaliscana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one of the smallest species in the genus.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333242FFC8FB323D11C638F827" author="Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Porion, T." pageId="19" pageNumber="170" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref26740" refString="Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Porion, T. (2012) Notes sur le genre Athis Hubner, [1819] et description d'une nouvelle espece du Mexique (Lepidoptera, Castniidae). Les cahiers du Musee des Confluences - Etudes scientifiques, No. 3, 75 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / mhnly. 2012.1580" type="book chapter" year="2012">López-Godínez &amp; Porion (2012)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FDDA3D34C5E4F827" authorityName="Lopez-Godinez &amp; Porion" authorityYear="2012" box="[518,653,1910,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jaliscana">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FDDA3D34C5E4F827" box="[518,653,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. jaliscana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is close to
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FCD73D34C412F827" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[779,891,1910,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FCD73D34C412F827" box="[779,891,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">A. delecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since, despite being easily distinguishable from each other, they share some morphological characteristics including wing pattern, coloration, and size. Not much is known about this species, and it is one of the least represented
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413242FFC8FC493DFEC4A6F861" box="[917,975,1980,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="170" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03242FFC8FC493DFEC4A6F861" box="[917,975,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="170">Athis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in entomological collections worldwide (García-Díaz, in prep.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23245FFCFFF1B3AD5C2E8FE7D" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,846]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Males and females have similar wing patterns, as the species exhibits very little sexual dimorphism. The apex of the female forewing is slightly rounded. Dorsally, there is a dark brown diagonal band that runs from the apex to the anal margin on the forewing; the base-color in males is dark brown on the marginal side of the band and light brown on the basal side, while in the females the coloration is lighter and more homogeneous throughout the wing; near the costa in the discal region there is a circular maculation, which is larger and oval in females; there is a translucent spot at the apex and it may be accompanied by another barely perceptible spot in both sexes; the hindwing base-color is pale orange, there is a dark brown marginal band and another band of dark brown spots in the postdiscal region. Ventrally, the wing pattern in both sexes is similar to what is observed dorsally, but the base-color is orange and lighter, the maculation is more discrete, and the band of postdiscal spots on the hindwing is creamy-whitish.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493245FFCFFF1B3B96C43BFD83" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23245FFCFFF1B3B96C43BFD83" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,846]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03245FFCFFF1B3B96C6BFFE5A" bold="true" box="[199,470,467,494]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Ecological and behavioral aspects of the species are currently unknown. However, based on information being collected in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523245FFCFFD8A3BB5C5C7FDA6" box="[598,686,503,529]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413245FFCFFD643BB5C441FDA6" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[696,808,503,529]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03245FFCFFD643BB5C441FDA6" box="[696,808,503,529]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">A. delecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a territorial species with diurnal habits that flies in the tree canopy over epiphytic bromeliads (García-Díaz, in prep.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493245FFCFFF1B387FC55AFCF9" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23245FFCFFF1B387FC55AFCF9" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,846]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03245FFCFFF1B387FC552FDE0" bold="true" box="[199,571,573,599]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413245FFCFFD9D387FC5BBFDE0" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[577,722,573,599]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03245FFCFFD9D387FC5BBFDE0" box="[577,722,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Athis delecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is, together with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413245FFCFFC4C387FC3E2FDEF" authority="(Walker, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[912,1163,573,600]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03245FFCFFC4C387FC4B7FDE0" box="[912,990,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">A. inca</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFC30387FC3EAFDEF" author="Walker, F." box="[1004,1155,573,600]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refId="ref29032" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I-Lepidoptera Heterocera. Vol. 1. British Museum, London, 278 pp." type="book" year="1854">Walker, 1854</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, one of the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413245FFCFFAD0387FC2F5FDE0" box="[1292,1436,573,599]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03245FFCFFAD0387FC22FFDE0" box="[1292,1350,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Athis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with the widest distribution, having been found in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523245FFCFFD103822C44DFDCD" box="[716,804,608,634]" name="Mexico" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523245FFCFFCEC3822C4C5FDCD" box="[816,940,608,634]" name="Guatemala" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523245FFCFFC3A3822C309FDCD" box="[998,1120,608,634]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFBB33822C268FDCD" author="Schaus W." box="[1135,1281,608,634]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus 1911</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFAD03822C2F1FDCD" author="Strand, E." box="[1292,1432,608,634]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand 1913</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFF4B38C1C649FD29" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[151,288,643,670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFEF038C6C6D3FD29" author="Lamas, G." box="[300,442,643,670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFE1A38C1C441FD29" author="Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Porion, T." box="[454,808,643,670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" pagination="75 - 81" refId="ref26740" refString="Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Porion, T. (2012) Notes sur le genre Athis Hubner, [1819] et description d'une nouvelle espece du Mexique (Lepidoptera, Castniidae). Les cahiers du Musee des Confluences - Etudes scientifiques, No. 3, 75 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.3406 / mhnly. 2012.1580" type="book chapter" year="2012">López-Godínez &amp; Porion 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFCEF38C1C3DDFD29" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[819,1204,643,670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refId="ref25718" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. (2012) Polillas y taladradores gigantes de la familia Castniidae (Lepidoptera) de Guatemala. In: Cano, E. B. &amp; Schuster, J. C. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Guatemala. Vol. 2. Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, pp. 145 - 153." type="book" year="2012">González &amp; Hernández-Baz 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFB6338C1C79CFD76" author="Nino-Maldonado, S. &amp; De Leon-Gonzalez, E. I. &amp; Miller, J. Y. &amp; Sanchez-Reyes, U. J." pageId="20" pageNumber="171" pagination="452 - 453" refId="ref27832" refString="Nino-Maldonado, S., De Leon-Gonzalez, E. I., Miller, J. Y. &amp; Sanchez-Reyes, U. J. (2013) New records of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Queretaro and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana, Nueva Serie, 29 (2), 452 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.21829 / azm. 2013.2921127" type="journal article" year="2013">
Niño-Maldonado
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03245FFCFFA5438C6C7DDFD76" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFEDC38E5C52BFD76" author="Morales-Morales, C. J. &amp; Guevara-Hernandez, F. &amp; Gomez-Castaeda, J. C. &amp; Espinosa-Moreno, J. A. &amp; Gutierrez-Martinez, A." box="[256,578,678,705]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" pagination="65 - 66" refId="ref27645" refString="Morales-Morales, C. J., Guevara-Hernandez, F., Gomez-Castaeda, J. C., Espinosa-Moreno, J. A. &amp; Gutierrez-Martinez, A. (2015) Castnidos depositados en la Coleccion Entomologica de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronomicas (UN. A. CH.), Villaflores, Chiapas (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Dugesiana, 22 (1), 65 - 66." type="journal article" year="2015">
Morales-Morales
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03245FFCFFE1438E5C696FD76" box="[456,511,679,705]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
). Only the male
<typeStatus id="787F88603245FFCFFD2438E5C426FD76" box="[760,847,679,705]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
of the species (from Esperanza del Guarco,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203245FFCFFAE638E5C2FDFD76" box="[1338,1428,679,705]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Cartago</collectingRegion>
) was previously known from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523245FFCFFE343888C501FD53" box="[488,616,714,740]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, but two additional specimens were found in MNCR, collected in the province of
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203245FFCFFEC238AFC6EAFCB0" box="[286,387,749,775]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">San José</collectingRegion>
; and
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3245FFCFFE6238ACC54AFCB0" box="[446,547,749,776]" count="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
in MGCL, collected in Turrialba,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203245FFCFFC7838AFC369FCB0" box="[932,1024,749,775]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">Cartago</collectingRegion>
. According to
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333245FFCFFB7F38ACC2F1FCB0" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[1187,1432,749,776]" pageId="20" pageNumber="171" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03245FFCFFAD038ACC22DFCB0" box="[1292,1348,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="171">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, these localities belong, respectively, to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

387
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@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
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<mods:title id="CF5026716DD7849666499E49FBA64DFA">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="785995B9CB2FEB852E3B224C56BB9E81">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="13A2FC26294BA441437AB4201B06F996">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="81DE40C738B1380260015E2A3063B7EF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1CBE164DC264AAB65B3912BCB6BB0979">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="48D2961BD35257D736281846FD393094">5481</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="72A5098F70D9E70EE5EDC5F00AB0A34F">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="2F6D87D43244FFCCFF4B3CF7C51DF806" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43244FFCCFF4B3CF7C51DF806" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F6D87D43244FFCCFF4B3CF7C51DF806" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493244FFCEFF4B3CF7C588F978" box="[151,737,1717,1744]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23244FFCEFF4B3CF7C588F978" blockId="21.[151,737,1717,1780]" box="[151,737,1717,1744]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<heading id="FC3381AE3244FFCEFF4B3CF7C588F978" bold="true" box="[151,737,1717,1744]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3CF7C588F978" bold="true" box="[151,737,1717,1744]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
12.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF1F3CF7C588F978" ID-CoL="67WVB" authority="(H. Druce, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[195,737,1717,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF1F3CF7C562F967" bold="true" box="[195,523,1717,1744]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
(H.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFD9D3CF4C5B0F978" author="Druce, H." box="[577,729,1717,1744]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce, 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493244FFCEFF4B3C9BC6C1F943" box="[151,424,1753,1780]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23244FFCEFF4B3C9BC6C1F943" blockId="21.[151,737,1717,1780]" box="[151,424,1753,1780]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473244FFCEFF433C9BC786F944" box="[159,239,1753,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="17.[151,250,967,991]" captionTargetBox="[154,1428,275,935]" captionTargetId="figure-59@17.[151,1435,273,944]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 6. A–B: Athis palatinus staudingeri; A: ♂, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, May 2014 (RW); B: ♀, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula, Puntarenas, May 2014 (RW). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749654" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749654/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473244FFCEFF273C98C60CF943" box="[251,357,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–B: Amauta procera; A: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz); B: ♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube); C: ♀, Prometheus zagraea zagraea, Osa, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt); D–E: Divana diva diva; D: ♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis); E: ♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider); F–G: Athis palatinus staudingeri; F: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor); G: ♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong); H: ♂, Athis analibiae, Talamanca, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); I: ♀, Athis clitarcha, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen); J: ♂, Athis inca inca, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">10F, 10G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473244FFCEFEAC3C98C6C9F943" box="[368,416,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">12C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493244FFCEFF4B3D5CC43EF826" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23244FFCEFF4B3D5CC352F881" blockId="21.[151,1437,1822,1938]" box="[151,1083,1822,1846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF4B3D5CC56FF881" ID-CoL="967LV" authority="H. Druce, 1896" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,518,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3D5CC636F881" box="[151,351,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Castnia staudingeri</emphasis>
H.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFE593D5CC56FF881" author="Druce, H." box="[389,518,1822,1846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFDCC3D5CC5F9F881" author="Druce, H." box="[528,656,1822,1846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce, 1896</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFD463D5CC49DF881" bold="true" box="[666,1012,1822,1846]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6) 18(103)</emphasis>
, p. 28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23244FFCEFF4B3D7EC359F8E3" blockId="21.[151,1437,1822,1938]" box="[151,1072,1852,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3D7EC632F8E3" box="[151,347,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF4B3D7EC63CF8E3" box="[151,341,1852,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Aciloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">Aciloa staudingeri</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFEBE3D7EC696F8E2" author="Houlbert, C." box="[354,511,1852,1877]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFDD43D7CC580F8E3" bold="true" box="[520,745,1852,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 64, 459, 692, 727, fig. 156.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23244FFCEFF4B3D19C43EF826" blockId="21.[151,1437,1822,1938]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF4B3D19C62CF8C4" ID-CoL="67WVB" baseAuthorityName="Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,325,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3D19C62CF8C4" box="[151,325,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Athis staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFE8E3D19C6B9F8C4" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[338,464,1883,1907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFE013D19C69BF8C4" bold="true" box="[477,498,1883,1907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFD873D19C223F8C4" bold="true" box="[603,1354,1883,1907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFD353D19C409F8C4" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[745,864,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFCB73D19C489F8C4" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[875,992,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFB783D19C223F8C4" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." box="[1188,1354,1883,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, p. 134.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413244FFCEFF4B3D38C6C0F825" ID-CoL="67WVB" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[151,425,1914,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFF4B3D38C6C0F825" box="[151,425,1914,1938]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333244FFCEFE6B3D38C553F825" author="Lamas, G." box="[439,570,1914,1938]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03244FFCEFD9B3D38C479F825" bold="true" box="[583,784,1914,1938]" pageId="21" pageNumber="172">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 77.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F3BB664A3247FFCDFF4B3FBFC4AFF9E9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" startId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" targetPageId="22" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23247FFCDFF4B3FBFC4AFF9E9" blockId="22.[151,1436,1533,1630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF4B3FBFC67CF9A2" bold="true" box="[151,277,1533,1557]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Ecological aspects of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFDDD3FBCC400F9A1" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[513,873,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="pyrrhopygoides" subSpecies="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFDDD3FBCC400F9A1" box="[513,873,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Costa Rica.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFBD13FBFC34EF9A2" bold="true" box="[1037,1063,1533,1557]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">A:</emphasis>
larva in first instar;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFADC3FBCC273F9A1" bold="true" box="[1280,1306,1534,1558]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">B:</emphasis>
larva in last instar;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF033C63C793F98E" bold="true" box="[223,250,1569,1593]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">C:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFEDE3C60C6E3F98E" box="[258,394,1570,1594]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Werauhia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFEDE3C60C60DF98D" box="[258,356,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Werauhia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, host plant of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFDFD3C60C5F7F98D" box="[545,670,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
M. p.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFDBC3C60C5F7F98D" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[608,670,1570,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">smalli</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFB383C60C396F98D" bold="true" box="[1252,1279,1570,1594]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">D:</emphasis>
newly hatched female;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF353C04C66BF9E9" bold="true" box="[233,258,1606,1630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">E:</emphasis>
exuviae;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFEB93C04C617F9E9" bold="true" box="[357,382,1606,1630]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">F:</emphasis>
mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493247FFCCFF4B3CEDC616F992" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23247FFCDFF4B3CEDC391F881" blockId="22.[151,1436,1711,1990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF4B3CEDC6E8F97D" bold="true" box="[151,385,1711,1738]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">General comments.</emphasis>
The northernmost taxon of the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFD303CF2C408F97D" ID-CoL="5W8VB" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[748,865,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
“
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFD253CF2C408F97D" box="[761,865,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">palatinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” complex. Described by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFB593CF2C275F97D" author="Druce, H." box="[1157,1308,1712,1738]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce (1896)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFA993CF2C6C1F959" ID-CoL="967LV" authority="Druce, 1896" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFA993CF2C67EF959" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Castnia staudingeri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFEC23C96C6C1F959" author="Druce, H." box="[286,424,1748,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="28 - 42" refId="ref24130" refString="Druce, H. (1896) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Heterocera from Central and tropical South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 18 (103), 28 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939608680406" type="journal article" year="1896">Druce, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens collected in
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203247FFCDFCC23C96C416F959" box="[798,895,1748,1774]" country="Panama" name="Chiriqui" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Chiriquí</collectingRegion>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFC563C96C356F959" author="Houlbert, C." box="[906,1087,1748,1774]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert (1918)</bibRefCitation>
included it in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFB3D3C96C7BBF8A5" ID-CoL="95HD8" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Aciloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFB3D3C96C243F959" box="[1249,1322,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Aciloa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFAEE3C96C7BBF8A5" author="Houlbert, C." pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFED63CBAC6CAF8A5" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[266,419,1784,1810]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986)</bibRefCitation>
placed it in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFDED3CBAC502F8A5" ID-CoL="9237Y" box="[561,619,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFDED3CBAC502F8A5" box="[561,619,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Athis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFC913CBAC3C7F8A5" ID-CoL="5W8VB" authority="(Cramer, 1777)" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[845,1198,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFC913CBAC49EF8A5" box="[845,1015,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Athis palatinus</emphasis>
(Cramer, 1777)
</taxonomicName>
. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFAD83CBAC2F5F8A4" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1284,1436,1784,1811]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller (1995)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFECB3D5EC6FEF881" ID-CoL="967LV" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" box="[279,407,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFECB3D5EC6FEF881" box="[279,407,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid species, but
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFDA63D5EC47FF880" author="Lamas, G." box="[634,790,1820,1847]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
included it as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFBB63D5EC398F881" ID-CoL="5W8VB" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1130,1265,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFBB63D5EC398F881" box="[1130,1265,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">A. palatinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23247FFCDFF1B3D02C796F871" blockId="22.[151,1436,1711,1990]" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413247FFCDFF1B3D02C695F8ED" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[199,508,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="173" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03247FFCDFF1B3D02C695F8ED" box="[199,508,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a rare taxon that is poorly represented in entomological collections. Until the first decade of the 21st century, specimens were only known from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523247FFCDFCA23D26C4B3F8C9" box="[894,986,1892,1918]" name="Panama" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Panama</collectingCountry>
, but Vinciguerra (2011) and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333247FFCDFAC43D26C61BF815" author="Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." pageId="22" pageNumber="173" pagination="155 - 159" refId="ref28923" refString="Vinciguerra, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2011) Observations on distribution of Athis palatinus staudingeri (Druce, 1896) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 39 (154), 155 - 159." type="journal article" year="2011">Vinciguerra &amp; González (2011)</bibRefCitation>
reported it for the first time for
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523247FFCDFD3A3DCAC408F815" box="[742,865,1928,1954]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="22" pageNumber="173">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(Corcovado), extending its distribution in Central America.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F3BB664A3246FFCCFF4B3E7AC5BCFA9F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" startId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" targetPageId="23" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23246FFCCFF4B3E7AC5BCFA9F" blockId="23.[151,1437,1080,1320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF4B3E7AC608FBE7" bold="true" box="[151,353,1080,1104]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">FIGURE 10. A–B:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFEB43E7BC567FBE7" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[360,526,1081,1104]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procera">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFEB43E7BC567FBE7" box="[360,526,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Amauta procera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFDC03E7AC55EFBE7" bold="true" box="[540,567,1080,1104]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">A:</emphasis>
♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFB493E7BC3C6FBE6" bold="true" box="[1173,1199,1081,1105]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">B:</emphasis>
♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFDC13E1EC551FBC3" bold="true" box="[541,568,1116,1140]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">C:</emphasis>
♀,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFDBC3E1EC4ABFBC2" authority=", Osa" authorityName="Osa" box="[608,962,1116,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zagraea" subSpecies="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFDBC3E1EC4E3FBC3" box="[608,906,1116,1140]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Prometheus zagraea zagraea</emphasis>
, Osa
</taxonomicName>
, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF4B3EC3C7B9FB2E" bold="true" box="[151,208,1153,1177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">D–E:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFF0B3EC3C6E0FB2F" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[215,393,1152,1176]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF0B3EC3C6E0FB2F" box="[215,393,1152,1176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Divana diva diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE443EC3C6DBFB2E" bold="true" box="[408,434,1153,1177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">D:</emphasis>
♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFBE43EC3C339FB2E" bold="true" box="[1080,1104,1153,1177]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">E:</emphasis>
♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE203EE6C55DFB0B" bold="true" box="[508,564,1188,1212]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">F–G:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFDE13EE6C43DFB0B" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[573,852,1188,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFDE13EE6C43DFB0B" box="[573,852,1188,1212]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFCB93EE7C414FB0A" bold="true" box="[869,893,1189,1213]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">F:</emphasis>
♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF2C3E8AC662FB57" bold="true" box="[240,267,1224,1248]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">G:</emphasis>
♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFCAB3E8BC4FAFB56" bold="true" box="[887,915,1225,1249]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">H:</emphasis>
♂,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFC673E8AC3BAFB57" authority=", Talamanca" authorityName="Talamanca" box="[955,1235,1224,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="analibiae">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFC673E8AC33EFB57" box="[955,1111,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis analibiae</emphasis>
, Talamanca
</taxonomicName>
, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE4E3EAFC6CDFAB2" bold="true" box="[402,420,1261,1285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">I:</emphasis>
♀,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFE173EAEC5BEFAB3" authority=", Coto Brus" authorityName="Coto Brus" box="[459,727,1260,1285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE173EAEC509FAB3" box="[459,608,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis clitarcha</emphasis>
, Coto Brus
</taxonomicName>
, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen);
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFB1E3EAFC3BEFAB2" bold="true" box="[1218,1239,1261,1285]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">J:</emphasis>
♂,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFB213EAEC792FA9F" authority=", Sarapiqui" authorityName="Sarapiqui" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFB213EAEC2FFFAB3" box="[1277,1430,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis inca inca</emphasis>
, Sarapiquí
</taxonomicName>
, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23246FFCCFF1B3F39C616F992" blockId="23.[151,1437,1403,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
The wing pattern differs from other subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFD203F39C4CCFA22" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[764,933,1403,1429]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFD203F39C4CCFA22" box="[764,933,1403,1429]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis palatinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a slightly more orange base-color both on the fore- and hindwing.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE273FDDC5BCFA0E" box="[507,725,1439,1465]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFE273FDDC55CFA0E" box="[507,565,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Athis</taxonomicName>
p.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFD893FDDC5BCFA0E" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" box="[597,725,1439,1465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">staudingeri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
shows some sexual dimorphism: (i) females are normally larger than males; (ii) female forewings have a marked curvature at the outer margin; (iii) the subapical, postdiscal and costal spots in the female forewing are larger than in the male; (iv) the spots of the postdiscal band of the hindwing are smaller in males.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493246FFCCFF1B3C6DC617F896" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23246FFCCFF1B3C6DC617F896" blockId="23.[151,1437,1403,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF1B3C6DC6B1F9FF" bold="true" box="[199,472,1582,1609]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
No ecological or behavioral information on this subspecies is known. It has been observed in the province of
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203246FFCCFE003C11C53EF9DA" box="[476,599,1619,1645]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
from January to May. Adults fly on sunny days along paths or openings in the forest; males are territorial. On one occasion a male was seen feeding on an unidentified flower (
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473246FFCCFAF13C35C2FDF926" box="[1325,1428,1655,1681]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–B: Amauta procera; A: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz); B: ♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube); C: ♀, Prometheus zagraea zagraea, Osa, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt); D–E: Divana diva diva; D: ♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis); E: ♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider); F–G: Athis palatinus staudingeri; F: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor); G: ♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong); H: ♂, Athis analibiae, Talamanca, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); I: ♀, Athis clitarcha, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen); J: ♂, Athis inca inca, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
) (Chantelle Taylor &amp; Ted Armstrong, pers. comm.). The host plant of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFC7D3CD9C334F902" box="[929,1117,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
A. p.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFC013CD9C334F902" authorityName="H. Druce" authorityYear="1896" box="[989,1117,1691,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="staudingeri">staudingeri</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is unknown but considering the hosts of other species or subspecies in the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFD763CFDC47BF96E" baseAuthorityName="Cramer" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[682,786,1727,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palatinus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFD763CFDC47BF96E" box="[682,786,1727,1753]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">palatinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, it is probably a bromeliad (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFB1D3CFDC236F96E" box="[1217,1375,1727,1753]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) (see
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFF4B3CA1C67FF94A" author="Moss, A. M." box="[151,278,1762,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="48 - 52" refId="ref27791" refString="Moss, A. M. (1945) The Castnia of Para with notes on others (Lep. Castniidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 14, 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1945">Moss 1945</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFEFD3CA1C6C0F94A" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[289,425,1763,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFE683CA1C421F94A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F." box="[436,840,1763,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="5 - 10" refId="ref25608" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F. (1992) Descripcion de una nueva especie de Athis Hubner de Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Castniidae: Castniinae). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 52 (137), 5 - 10." type="journal article" year="1992">González &amp; Fernández-Yépez 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFC883CA1C334F94A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Miller, J. Y. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[852,1117,1763,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="86 - 89" refId="ref24736" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Miller, J. Y. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Observations on the courtship and other biological aspects of Athis hechtiae (Dyar, 1910) (Castniidae) in Tehuacan, Puebla, Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 30 (2), 86 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 4317558" type="journal article" year="2020">
García-Díaz
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFC3F3CA1C372F94A" box="[995,1051,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
, 2022;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFB723CA1C2FEF94A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Lopez-Godinez, B. &amp; Garcia-Diaz, J. J. &amp; Simon, S. &amp; Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R." box="[1198,1431,1763,1789]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="300 - 322" refId="ref25837" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Lopez-Godinez, B., Garcia-Diaz, J. J., Simon, S., Sarto i Monteys, V. &amp; Worthy, R. (2021) Reinstatement of Athis miastagma (Dyar, 1925) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) as a valid species inhabiting the Pacific slope of Central Mexico. Zootaxa, 5061 (2), 300 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5061.2.4" type="journal article" year="2021">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFAC23CA1C23FF94A" box="[1310,1366,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFF4B3D45C618F896" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[151,369,1799,1825]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" pagination="91 - 99" refId="ref24497" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 b) Synopsis of Athis thysanete (Dyar, 1912) (Castniidae: Castniinae) populations, courtship behavior and other observations on its biology. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (2), 91 - 99. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7246181" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493246FFCCFF1B3D68C51DF806" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23246FFCCFF1B3D68C51DF806" blockId="23.[151,1437,1403,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFF1B3D68C52CF8F3" bold="true" box="[199,581,1834,1861]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413246FFCCFD933D69C4EFF8F2" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[591,902,1835,1861]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFD933D69C4EFF8F2" box="[591,902,1835,1861]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is only known from a few localities in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523246FFCCFA803D69C7A3F8DE" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523246FFCCFEDD3D0DC634F8DE" box="[257,349,1871,1897]" name="Panama" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Panama</collectingCountry>
. In
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523246FFCCFE5B3D0DC56DF8DE" box="[391,516,1871,1897]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, it has only been registered within the cantons of Aguirre, Golfito, and Osa, in the province of
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203246FFCCFEFF3D31C6C8F83A" box="[291,417,1907,1933]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
, localities that belong to the Puntarenas-Chiriquí province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333246FFCCFE5E3DD5C500F806" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[386,617,1943,1969]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03246FFCCFE313DD5C54CF806" box="[493,549,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF4B3BD0C533FE1B" blockId="25.[151,602,402,465]" box="[151,602,402,429]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<heading id="FC3381AE3248FFC2FF4B3BD0C533FE1B" bold="true" box="[151,602,402,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" reason="1">
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14.
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF1F3BD0C61FFE1A" bold="true" box="[195,374,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Athis clitarcha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FE593BD0C53BFE1B" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[389,594,402,428]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
)
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE65493248FFC2FF4B3BF5C6C0FE66" box="[151,425,438,465]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF4B3BF5C6C0FE66" blockId="25.[151,602,402,465]" box="[151,425,438,465]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473248FFC2FF433BF5C65BFE66" box="[159,306,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-25@16.[151,1435,181,1483]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. A–B: Athis inca inca; A: ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 167m, 17ABR2012, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L_N_266268_523359 #108029, INB0004386557, MNCR-A4386557 (MNCR); B: ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador, 167m, 3MAY2011, I. Chacón, L_N_266268_523359. #102187, INB0004284659, MNCR- A4284659 (MNCR); C–D: Athis clitarcha; C: ♂, Monteverde, Costa Rica, 3-2012 (DC); D: ♀, Panama, Volcano de Chiriqui, 5–9000 ft., (Watson) (NHMUK). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749651/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Figs. 5C, 5D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473248FFC2FEE23BF5C60CFE66" box="[318,357,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–B: Amauta procera; A: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz); B: ♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube); C: ♀, Prometheus zagraea zagraea, Osa, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt); D–E: Divana diva diva; D: ♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis); E: ♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider); F–G: Athis palatinus staudingeri; F: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor); G: ♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong); H: ♂, Athis analibiae, Talamanca, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); I: ♀, Athis clitarcha, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen); J: ♂, Athis inca inca, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">10I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473248FFC2FEAD3BF5C6C8FE66" box="[369,417,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">12B</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF4B3BBEC27EFDA4" blockId="25.[151,1412,507,654]" box="[151,1303,507,531]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FF4B3BBEC693FDA4" ID-CoL="5XF3R" authority="Westwood, 1877" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,506,507,531]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF4B3BBEC62EFDA4" box="[151,327,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Castnia clitarcha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FE913BB9C693FDA4" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[333,506,507,531]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FDDF3BB9C5D9FDA4" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[515,688,507,531]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FD663BB9C371FDA4" bold="true" box="[698,1048,507,531]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon., Zoo. 2(1)</emphasis>
, p. 176, pl. 31, figs. 1–2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF4B3858C38FFD85" blockId="25.[151,1412,507,654]" box="[151,1254,537,564]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF4B3858C62BFD85" box="[151,322,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FF4B3858C655FD85" box="[151,316,538,562]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Aciloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">Aciloa clitarcha</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FE953858C68FFD85" author="Houlbert, C." box="[329,486,538,562]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FE333859C5B9FD85" bold="true" box="[495,720,537,564]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 64, 443, 691, 710, fig. 153, pl. CDLI, fig. 3811.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF4B387BC41BFDE6" blockId="25.[151,1412,507,654]" box="[151,882,568,593]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FF4B387BC62EFDE7" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,327,568,592]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF4B387BC62EFDE7" box="[151,327,568,592]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Castnia clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FE88387AC6BCFDE6" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[340,469,568,593]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller, 1972</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FE03387BC5CBFDE7" bold="true" box="[479,674,568,593]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Bull. Allyn Mus. 6</emphasis>
, p. 3, figs. 6, 11–14.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF4B3815C5B0FD39" blockId="25.[151,1412,507,654]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FF4B3815C644FDD8" ID-CoL="67X7C" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[151,301,599,623]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF4B3815C644FDD8" box="[151,301,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Athis clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FEE53815C6DEFDD8" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[313,439,599,623]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FE183815C6B0FDD8" bold="true" box="[452,473,599,623]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FD9E3815C25BFDD8" bold="true" box="[578,1330,599,623]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FD0D3815C421FDD8" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[721,840,599,623]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FC8F3815C4A1FDD8" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[851,968,599,623]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep.
</emphasis>
, p. 133.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FF4B3834C644FD39" ID-CoL="67X7C" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[151,301,630,654]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF4B3834C644FD39" box="[151,301,630,654]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Athis clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FEE53834C6D4FD39" author="Lamas, G." box="[313,445,630,654]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FE153834C5FBFD39" bold="true" box="[457,658,630,654]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 76.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493248FFC2FF4B38FEC408FBD5" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF4B38FEC408FBD5" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF4B38FEC614FD61" bold="true" box="[151,381,700,726]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">General comments.</emphasis>
Described as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FDC938FEC4FAFD61" ID-CoL="5XF3R" authority="Westwood, 1877" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[533,915,700,726]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FDC938FEC5BCFD61" box="[533,725,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Castnia clitarcha</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FD0538FEC4FAFD61" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[729,915,700,726]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens collected in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523248FFC2FB2038FEC206FD61" box="[1276,1391,700,726]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523248FFC2FF4B38A3C799FD4C" box="[151,240,737,763]" name="Panama" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FF2238A2C6DEFD4D" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[254,439,736,762]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood 1877</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FE1F38A2C525FD4D" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[451,588,736,762]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller 1972</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FD8338A2C47DFD4D" author="Houlbert, C." box="[607,788,736,762]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert (1918)</bibRefCitation>
placed it in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FC4238A2C3FEFD4D" ID-CoL="95HD8" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[926,1175,736,762]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Aciloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FC4238A2C48EFD4D" box="[926,999,736,762]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Aciloa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FC3238A2C3FEFD4D" author="Houlbert, C." box="[1006,1175,736,762]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
but later,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FADB38A2C2F1FD4D" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1287,1432,736,762]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FF4B3946C7B9FCA8" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[151,208,772,799]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
) transferred it to
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FE4A3946C6B9FCA9" ID-CoL="9237Y" box="[406,464,772,798]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FE4A3946C6B9FCA9" box="[406,464,772,798]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Athis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FDBF3947C469FCA8" author="Lamas, G." box="[611,768,772,799]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
agreed. Since its description, Druce (1883) and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FAFF3946C78BFCF5" author="Rothschild, L. W." pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild (1919)</bibRefCitation>
had doubts about how to separate
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FDB6396AC5D3FCF5" ID-CoL="95ZWK" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[618,698,808,834]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FDB6396AC5D3FCF5" box="[618,698,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FCDC396AC4EDFCF5" ID-CoL="5XF3R" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[768,900,808,834]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FCDC396AC4EDFCF5" box="[768,900,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, because their wing patterns are similar in both sexes.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FF3D390EC6C5FCD1" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[225,428,844,870]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild (1919)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FD83390EC58DFCD1" ID-CoL="5XF3R" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[607,740,844,870]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FD83390EC58DFCD1" box="[607,740,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">C. clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was possibly a polymorphic species. Druce (1883) considered that the male illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FE133932C5FEFC3D" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[463,663,880,906]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood (1877)</bibRefCitation>
in his description was a typical male of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FBBA3932C3DEFC3D" ID-CoL="95ZWK" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1126,1207,880,906]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FBBA3932C3DEFC3D" box="[1126,1207,880,906]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since the hindwing margin was orange. Druce (1883) also mentioned that the male of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FC5C39D6C36AFC19" ID-CoL="5XF3R" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[896,1027,916,942]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FC5C39D6C36AFC19" box="[896,1027,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger than that of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FB2839D6C22AFC19" ID-CoL="95ZWK" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1268,1347,916,942]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FB2839D6C22AFC19" box="[1268,1347,916,942]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the margin of the hindwing of the former is black rather than orangish; furthermore, the male illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FAFB39FAC78BFC41" author="Westwood, J. O." pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood (1877)</bibRefCitation>
has a hindwing postdiscal spot band narrower than that of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FCB0399EC499FC41" ID-CoL="95ZWK" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[876,1008,988,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FCB0399EC499FC41" box="[876,1008,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. inca inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FC22399EC3FDFC41" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1022,1172,988,1014]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller (1972)</bibRefCitation>
considered
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FAC6399EC2F5FC41" ID-CoL="5XF3R" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[1306,1436,988,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FAC6399EC2F5FC41" box="[1306,1436,988,1014]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid species, after comparing it with other species of the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FC9C3E42C414FBAD" ID-CoL="95ZWK" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[832,893,1024,1050]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
“
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FC913E43C414FBAD" box="[845,893,1025,1050]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex”. She also mentioned that this species and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FF1A3E66C67CFB89" ID-CoL="95ZWK" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[198,277,1060,1086]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF1A3E66C67CFB89" box="[198,277,1060,1086]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are sympatric in some countries of Central America, which has been corroborated by other authors (see
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FF4B3E0AC57FFBD5" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[151,534,1096,1122]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" refId="ref25718" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. (2012) Polillas y taladradores gigantes de la familia Castniidae (Lepidoptera) de Guatemala. In: Cano, E. B. &amp; Schuster, J. C. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Guatemala. Vol. 2. Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, pp. 145 - 153." type="book" year="2012">González &amp; Hernández-Baz 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FDFC3E0BC43CFBD5" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[544,853,1096,1123]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FD053E0BC47BFBD5" box="[729,786,1096,1122]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493248FFC2FF1B3E2EC23EF9C9" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF1B3E2EC5A3FB31" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" box="[199,714,1132,1159]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">The following clues help separate the species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF1B3ED2C623FB1C" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" box="[199,330,1168,1195]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Both sexes:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF123EF1C3EDFB45" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
● Both species have a black spot in spaces M
<subScript id="3B4034873248FFC2FD0B3E84C5B6FB63" attach="left" box="[727,735,1222,1236]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">2</subScript>
-M
<subScript id="3B4034873248FFC2FCDE3E84C463FB63" attach="left" box="[770,778,1222,1236]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">3</subScript>
and CuA
<subScript id="3B4034873248FFC2FCA83E84C415FB63" attach="left" box="[884,892,1222,1236]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">1</subScript>
-CuA
<subScript id="3B4034873248FFC2FC673E84C4AAFB63" attach="left" box="[955,963,1222,1236]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">2</subScript>
on the dorsal forewing, the male
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FAE43EF6C2F5FB79" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[1336,1436,1204,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FAE43EF6C2F5FB79" box="[1336,1436,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually has another in space M
<subScript id="3B4034873248FFC2FE2D3EA8C690FB4F" attach="left" box="[497,505,1258,1272]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">3</subScript>
-CuA
<subScript id="3B4034873248FFC2FDE43EA8C529FB4F" attach="left" box="[568,576,1258,1272]" fontSize="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">1</subScript>
, this is always present and very large in the female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF123EB9C543FA8C" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
● The postdiscal spotband on the dorsal hindwing is more or less continuous in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FBAB3EBFC3CEFAA1" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1143,1191,1277,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FBAB3EBFC3CEFAA1" box="[1143,1191,1277,1302]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FB0A3EBEC253FAA1" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[1238,1338,1276,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FB0A3EBEC253FAA1" box="[1238,1338,1276,1302]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it more resembles a series of separate spots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF123F01C39FFAE8" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" box="[206,1270,1347,1375]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
● The margin on the dorsal hindwing is generally black in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FCAD3F06C4BCFAE9" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[881,981,1348,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FCAD3F06C4BCFAE9" box="[881,981,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but more orange in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FB633F07C386FAE9" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1215,1263,1349,1374]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FB633F07C386FAE9" box="[1215,1263,1349,1374]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF1B3F2AC67DFA35" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" box="[199,276,1384,1410]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Males:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF123FC9C653FA7C" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
● The dorsal surface of the forewing is generally a more yellowish brown in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FB933FCEC3DAFA11" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[1103,1203,1420,1446]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FB933FCEC3DAFA11" box="[1103,1203,1420,1446]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">clitarcha</emphasis>
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, and a more reddish brown in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FEDF3FF3C65AFA7D" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[259,307,1457,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FEDF3FF3C65AFA7D" box="[259,307,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF1B3F96C644FA59" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" box="[199,301,1492,1518]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Females:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF123FB5C364F980" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
● The pale band distad of the postdiscal band on the dorsal hindwing is the same color as the discal area in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FF4B3C5FC7AEF981" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,199,1565,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF4B3C5FC7AEF981" box="[151,199,1565,1590]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FF2F3C5EC63EF981" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[243,343,1564,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF2F3C5EC63EF981" box="[243,343,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it is generally much paler, usually yellow rather than orange.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF1B3C02C23EF9C9" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A combination of all of these features should be used, rather than any one in isolation. Whilst there are always occasional specimens that are difficult to place, this should enable most specimens to be correctly identified.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF1B3CCAC2FCF971" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF1B3CCAC6A5F915" bold="true" box="[199,460,1672,1698]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
It is diurnal like all members of the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FC893CCAC4FBF915" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[853,914,1672,1698]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
“
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FCBE3CCBC4FBF915" box="[866,914,1673,1698]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex”. Females have been seen ovipositing in epiphytic bromeliads (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FE723CEEC525F971" box="[430,588,1708,1734]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) in Sabalito, Coto Brus,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FCBD3CEFC4B5F970" box="[865,988,1709,1735]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
(Casey Owen, pers. comm.) (
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473248FFC2FAF73CEEC2E1F971" box="[1323,1416,1708,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–B: Amauta procera; A: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz); B: ♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube); C: ♀, Prometheus zagraea zagraea, Osa, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt); D–E: Divana diva diva; D: ♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis); E: ♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider); F–G: Athis palatinus staudingeri; F: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor); G: ♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong); H: ♂, Athis analibiae, Talamanca, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); I: ♀, Athis clitarcha, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen); J: ♂, Athis inca inca, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Fig. 10I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493248FFC2FF1B3C92C4F4F829" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23248FFC2FF1B3C92C4F4F829" blockId="25.[151,1437,700,1950]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF1B3C92C553F95D" bold="true" box="[199,570,1744,1770]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
It has been collected from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523248FFC2FCBD3C92C4B3F95D" box="[865,986,1744,1770]" name="Guatemala" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523248FFC2FC273C93C33DF95C" box="[1019,1108,1745,1771]" name="Panama" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FBBD3C92C270F95D" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[1121,1305,1744,1770]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood 1877</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FAFF3C92C7BBF8B9" author="Rothschild, L. W." pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild 1919</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FF033CB6C600F8B9" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[223,361,1780,1806]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FEAA3CB7C5E1F8B9" author="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[374,648,1780,1807]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref26963" refString="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2022) Ampliacion geografica de Corybantes veraguana veraguana (Westwood, 1877) y Athis clitarcha (Westwood, 1977) para la fauna de Nicaragua (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia, 274, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7200048" type="journal article" year="2022">Maes &amp; González 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FD473CB6C412F8B9" author="Iorio, A. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[667,891,1780,1806]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" refId="ref26327" refString="Iorio, A. &amp; Zilli, A. (2016) Uranie, Castnie e Saturnie di Roberto Vinciguerra. Natura Edizioni Scientifiche, Bologna, 156 pp., 80 pls." type="book" year="2016">Iorio &amp; Zilli (2016)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated a female from Roberto Vinciguerra’s collection from Otanche,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FE1E3D5AC570F885" box="[450,537,1816,1842]" country="Colombia" name="Boyaca" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Boyacá</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523248FFC2FDF43D5AC5F0F885" box="[552,665,1816,1842]" name="Colombia" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, but it resembles
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FCB13D5AC48BF885" box="[877,994,1816,1842]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Athis inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523248FFC2FBCB3D5AC3F1F885" box="[1047,1176,1816,1842]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, this species has been found in the following cantons:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FDD93D7EC5FEF8E1" bold="true" box="[517,663,1852,1878]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FDD93D7EC5FBF8E1" box="[517,658,1852,1878]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Coto Brus, Monteverde. According to the biogeographical proposal of
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FF6B3D23C6C6F8CD" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[183,431,1888,1915]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FEFD3D23C633F8CD" box="[289,346,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523248FFC2FE063D22C53CF8CD" box="[474,597,1888,1914]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FD813D22C588F8CD" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[605,737,1888,1914]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FD813D22C588F8CD" box="[605,737,1888,1914]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded in localities that belong to the Puntarenas-Chiriquí province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE65493249FFC3FF4B3AD5C551FF06" box="[151,568,151,178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF4B3AD5C551FF06" blockId="24.[151,707,151,214]" box="[151,568,151,178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<heading id="FC3381AE3249FFC3FF4B3AD5C551FF06" bold="true" box="[151,568,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF4B3AD5C551FF06" bold="true" box="[151,568,151,178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
13.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FF1F3AD5C551FF06" ID-CoL="95ZWK" authority="(Walker, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[195,568,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF1F3AD5C613FF06" bold="true" box="[195,378,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca inca</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FE553AD5C559FF06" author="Walker, F." box="[393,560,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref29032" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I-Lepidoptera Heterocera. Vol. 1. British Museum, London, 278 pp." type="book" year="1854">Walker, 1854</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493249FFC3FF4B3AF9C5AAFF61" box="[151,707,187,214]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF4B3AF9C5AAFF61" blockId="24.[151,707,151,214]" box="[151,707,187,214]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473249FFC3FF433AF9C658FF61" box="[159,305,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1508,1532]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,187,1482]" captionTargetId="figure-25@16.[151,1435,181,1483]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. A–B: Athis inca inca; A: ♂, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 167m, 17ABR2012, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L_N_266268_523359 #108029, INB0004386557, MNCR-A4386557 (MNCR); B: ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador, 167m, 3MAY2011, I. Chacón, L_N_266268_523359. #102187, INB0004284659, MNCR- A4284659 (MNCR); C–D: Athis clitarcha; C: ♂, Monteverde, Costa Rica, 3-2012 (DC); D: ♀, Panama, Volcano de Chiriqui, 5–9000 ft., (Watson) (NHMUK). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749651" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749651/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Figs. 5A, 5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473249FFC3FEE23AF9C60EFF62" box="[318,359,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–B: Amauta procera; A: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz); B: ♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube); C: ♀, Prometheus zagraea zagraea, Osa, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt); D–E: Divana diva diva; D: ♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis); E: ♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider); F–G: Athis palatinus staudingeri; F: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor); G: ♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong); H: ♂, Athis analibiae, Talamanca, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); I: ♀, Athis clitarcha, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen); J: ♂, Athis inca inca, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">10J</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473249FFC3FEAF3AF9C6CBFF62" box="[371,418,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">12B</figureCitation>
) (BIN: BOLD:AAJ9547)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493249FFC3FF4B3B42C33CFE81" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF4B3B42C35BFEAF" blockId="24.[151,1415,255,464]" box="[151,1074,255,280]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FF4B3B42C6C1FEA0" ID-CoL="69F3R" authority="Walker, 1854" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,424,255,280]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF4B3B42C671FEA0" box="[151,280,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Castnia inca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FEC23B42C6C1FEA0" author="Walker, F." box="[286,424,255,280]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref29032" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I-Lepidoptera Heterocera. Vol. 1. British Museum, London, 278 pp." type="book" year="1854">Walker, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FE6E3B42C555FEA0" author="Walker, F." box="[434,572,255,280]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref29032" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I-Lepidoptera Heterocera. Vol. 1. British Museum, London, 278 pp." type="book" year="1854">Walker, 1854</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FD993ABDC485FEA0" bold="true" box="[581,1004,255,280]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">List Spec. Lepid. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 1</emphasis>
, p. 24.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF4B3B5DC33CFE81" blockId="24.[151,1415,255,464]" box="[151,1109,286,310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FF4B3B5DC6CBFE81" ID-CoL="69F3R" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[151,418,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF4B3B5DC671FE81" box="[151,280,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Castnia inca</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FEEF3B5CC6CBFE81" box="[307,418,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">hondurana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FE6C3B5CC55DFE81" author="Strand, E." box="[432,564,286,310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FDE23B5CC53AFE81" bold="true" box="[574,595,286,310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FD453B5CC378FE81" bold="true" box="[665,1041,286,310]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
, p. 11.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493249FFC3FF4B3B7FC4B5FEC3" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF4B3B7FC3D1FEE2" blockId="24.[151,1415,255,464]" box="[151,1208,316,343]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF4B3B7FC67DFEE2" box="[151,276,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FF4B3B7FC664FEE2" box="[151,269,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Aciloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">Aciloa inca</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FEC63B7FC6DEFEE2" author="Houlbert, C." box="[282,439,317,341]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FE1C3B7CC5C8FEE2" bold="true" box="[448,673,316,343]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 64, 438, 691, 723, fig. 152, pl. CDLI, fig. 3810.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF4B3B1EC4B5FEC3" blockId="24.[151,1415,255,464]" box="[151,988,347,372]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FF4B3B1EC623FEC4" box="[151,330,348,371]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF4B3B1EC623FEC4" box="[151,330,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Castnia inca inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FE8B3B1EC6B1FEC3" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[343,472,348,372]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller, 1972</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FE3E3B1EC5CCFEC4" bold="true" box="[482,677,347,372]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Bull. Allyn Mus. 6</emphasis>
, p. 4, figs. 3, 7, 18–21, 28–31.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493249FFC3FF4B3B38C416FE67" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF4B3B38C5B5FE06" blockId="24.[151,1415,255,464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FF4B3B38C659FE25" ID-CoL="95ZWK" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,304,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF4B3B38C659FE25" box="[151,304,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FEE13B38C6D3FE25" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[317,442,378,402]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FE1B3B38C6B5FE25" bold="true" box="[455,476,378,402]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FD993B38C25CFE25" bold="true" box="[581,1333,378,402]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FD083B38C422FE25" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[724,843,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FC8A3B38C4A2FE25" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[854,971,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep.
</emphasis>
, p. 134.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FF4B3BDBC659FE06" ID-CoL="95ZWK" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,304,409,433]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF4B3BDBC659FE06" box="[151,304,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FEE13BDBC6A9FE06" author="Lamas, G." box="[317,448,409,433]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FE103BDBC5FCFE06" bold="true" box="[460,661,409,433]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 76.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF4B3BFAC416FE67" blockId="24.[151,1415,255,464]" box="[151,895,439,464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FF4B3BFAC797FE78" ID-CoL="95ZWK" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,254,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF4B3BFAC797FE78" box="[151,254,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FED73BFAC696FE67" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." box="[267,511,440,464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes &amp; Duarte, 2014</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FDD43BFAC450FE78" bold="true" box="[520,825,439,464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2)</emphasis>
, p. 29.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493249FFC3FF4B3BBFC4B4F92F" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF4B3BBFC50DFC8F" blockId="24.[151,1437,509,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF4B3BBFC6E9FDAF" bold="true" box="[151,384,509,536]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">General comments.</emphasis>
This species has, along with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FD123BBCC408FDAF" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[718,865,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FD123BBCC408FDAF" box="[718,865,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis delecta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the northernmost distribution in the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FA853BBCC6FBFD8B" author="Nino-Maldonado, S. &amp; De Leon-Gonzalez, E. I. &amp; Miller, J. Y. &amp; Sanchez-Reyes, U. J." pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="452 - 453" refId="ref27832" refString="Nino-Maldonado, S., De Leon-Gonzalez, E. I., Miller, J. Y. &amp; Sanchez-Reyes, U. J. (2013) New records of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Queretaro and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Acta Zoologica Mexicana, Nueva Serie, 29 (2), 452 - 453. https: // doi. org / 10.21829 / azm. 2013.2921127" type="journal article" year="2013">
Niño-Maldonado
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FEC03861C63BFD8B" box="[284,338,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
; García-Díaz
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FDF63861C509FD8B" box="[554,608,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
2022). It was described as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FC5A3860C3C3FD8A" authority="Walker, 1854" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[902,1194,546,573]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FC5A3860C37BFD8B" box="[902,1042,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Castnia inca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FBCB3860C3C3FD8A" author="Walker, F." box="[1047,1194,546,573]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref29032" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I-Lepidoptera Heterocera. Vol. 1. British Museum, London, 278 pp." type="book" year="1854">Walker, 1854</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3249FFC3FB373860C2F4FD8B" box="[1259,1437,546,572]" count="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FF093804C644FDD7" box="[213,301,582,608]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FEE53804C6C6FDD7" box="[313,431,582,608]" name="Venezuela" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FE373804C531FDD7" box="[491,600,582,608]" name="Honduras" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Honduras</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FDBB3804C595FDD6" author="Walker, F." box="[615,764,582,609]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref29032" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I-Lepidoptera Heterocera. Vol. 1. British Museum, London, 278 pp." type="book" year="1854">Walker 1854</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FCD53804C4FBFDD7" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[777,914,582,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller 1972</bibRefCitation>
; González 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FB8B3804C2F8FDD7" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[1111,1425,582,608]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FACF3805C225FDD7" box="[1299,1356,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). The cotype (
<typeStatus id="787F88603249FFC3FEFA3828C6D6FD33" box="[294,447,618,644]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
after
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FDD83828C47AFD33" author="Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B." box="[516,787,618,644]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref24275" refString="Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B. (1982) The Generic Names of Moths of the World. Vol. 4. Bombycoidea, Castnioidea, Cossoidea, Mimallonoidea, Sesioidea, Sphingoidea, Zygaenoidea. British Museum (Natural History), London, 192 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119597" type="book" year="1982">Fletcher &amp; Nye (1982))</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FC873828C4B8FD33" box="[859,977,618,644]" name="Venezuela" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, labeled “
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FB9D3828C3BAFD33" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[1089,1235,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">Castnia inca</taxonomicName>
. X-5 Venez.” and part of “M. Becker’s Collection” at NHMUK, is indeed
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FCD038CCC4DAFD1F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[780,947,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FCD038CCC4DAFD1F" box="[780,947,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it is highly doubtful that it came from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FF0938F0C622FD7B" box="[213,331,690,716]" name="Venezuela" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, where this subspecies has not been found (except for that single specimen) (González 2004). It is possibly a case of mislabeling. However, before the description of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FC5F3894C2F1FD47" authority="Gonzalez &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, 1992" authorityName="Gonzalez &amp; Fernandez-Yepez" authorityYear="1992" box="[899,1432,726,752]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="axaqua">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FC5F3894C49DFD47" box="[899,1012,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">A. axaqua</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FC203894C2F1FD47" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F." box="[1020,1432,726,752]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="5 - 10" refId="ref25608" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F. (1992) Descripcion de una nueva especie de Athis Hubner de Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Castniidae: Castniinae). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 52 (137), 5 - 10." type="journal article" year="1992">González &amp; Fernández-Yépez, 1992</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, individuals of this species were commonly mentioned as “
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FCFC38B8C4C4FCA3" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1854" box="[800,941,762,788]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FCFC38B8C4C4FCA3" box="[800,941,762,788]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Castnia inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” by Venezuelan entomologists (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FAC938B8C6F6FC8F" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F." pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="5 - 10" refId="ref25608" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F. (1992) Descripcion de una nueva especie de Athis Hubner de Venezuela (Lepidoptera: Castniidae: Castniinae). Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 52 (137), 5 - 10." type="journal article" year="1992">González &amp; Fernández-Yépez 1992</bibRefCitation>
; González 2004).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF1B3900C658FB82" blockId="24.[151,1437,509,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FF1B3900C60BFCEA" author="Lamas, G." box="[199,354,834,861]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that the type locality of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FD2F3900C4F0FCEB" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[755,921,834,860]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FD2F3900C4F0FCEB" box="[755,921,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FC643900C34CFCEB" box="[952,1061,834,860]" name="Honduras" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Honduras</collectingCountry>
after the
<typeStatus id="787F88603249FFC3FB503900C39AFCEB" box="[1164,1267,834,860]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FF4B3924C6F1FC37" author="Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B." box="[151,408,870,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref24275" refString="Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B. (1982) The Generic Names of Moths of the World. Vol. 4. Bombycoidea, Castnioidea, Cossoidea, Mimallonoidea, Sesioidea, Sphingoidea, Zygaenoidea. British Museum (Natural History), London, 192 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119597" type="book" year="1982">Fletcher &amp; Nye (1982)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FE7F3924C53EFC37" author="Houlbert, C." box="[419,599,870,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert (1918)</bibRefCitation>
placed it in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FD033924C4BEFC37" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[735,983,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Aciloa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FD033924C441FC37" box="[735,808,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Aciloa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FCF23924C4BEFC37" author="Houlbert, C." box="[814,983,870,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FBD13924C3CAFC37" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1037,1187,870,896]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986)</bibRefCitation>
transferred it to
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FA803924C2FFFC37" box="[1372,1430,870,896]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FA803924C2FFFC37" box="[1372,1430,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FF4B39C8C647FC13" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[151,302,906,932]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller (1972)</bibRefCitation>
studied the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FE6939C8C69BFC13" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[437,498,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
“
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FE1E39C9C69BFC13" box="[450,498,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex” clarifying similarities and differences between
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FBAB39C8C277FC13" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1143,1310,906,932]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FBAB39C8C277FC13" box="[1143,1310,906,932]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FAF039C8C6D6FC7F" authority="(Strand, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="orizabensis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FAF039C8C67EFC7F" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca orizabensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FEF939ECC6DEFC7F" author="Strand, E." box="[293,439,942,968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FE2939ECC419FC7F" authority="(Westwood, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[501,880,942,968]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FE2939ECC5F0FC7F" box="[501,665,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis clitarcha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FD7439ECC400FC7F" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[680,873,942,968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and describing
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FBFB39ECC2F5FC7F" authority="(Miller, 1972)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[1063,1436,942,968]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="dincadu">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FBFB39ECC391FC7F" box="[1063,1272,942,968]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca dincadu</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FADB39ECC2FDFC7F" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1287,1428,942,968]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller, 1972</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FF273990C63DFC5B" box="[251,340,978,1004]" name="Panama" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Panama</collectingCountry>
Canal Zone and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FDD33990C4E3FC5B" authority="(Miller, 1972)" baseAuthorityName="Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1972" box="[527,906,978,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavimaculata">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FDD33990C581FC5B" box="[527,744,978,1004]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis flavimaculata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FD293990C4EBFC5B" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[757,898,978,1004]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller, 1972</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
from the Mexican Pacific slope. Currently, four subspecies are known:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FE4039B4C56BFBA7" box="[412,514,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
A. i.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FE0E39B5C56BFBA7" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[466,514,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">inca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FDCD39B4C5A1FBA7" box="[529,712,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
A. i.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FD9439B4C5A1FBA7" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[584,712,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orizabensis">orizabensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FD0A39B4C40FFBA7" box="[726,870,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
A. i.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FCD039B4C40FFBA7" box="[780,870,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dincadu">dincadu</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FC7939B4C4BDFBA7" box="[933,980,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">A. i.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FC0739B4C397FBA7" authority="(Houlbert, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Houlbert" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[987,1278,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="briareus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FC0739B4C350FBA7" box="[987,1081,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">briareus</emphasis>
(Houlbert, 1917)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FAD139B4C2FEFBA6" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1293,1431,1014,1041]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FF4B3E58C64CFB82" author="Lamas, G." box="[151,293,1050,1077]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF1B3E7CC66CFA53" blockId="24.[151,1437,509,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">This medium-sized species is sexually dimorphic. Dorsally, the male forewing has a diagonal band that divides the wing into two sections, it runs from the middle of the anal margin to near the apical region; the base-color of the forewing is brown, slightly paler on the inner half of the wing; 2–3 translucent circular spots appear in the apical region; in the discal region there is a dark quadrangular maculation with a pale center; 1 or 2 postdiscal spots appear on one side of the diagonal band and small semicircular spots are present in the submarginal region. The base-color of the hindwings is orange; a brown band appears in the post-basal region and another blackish-brown band in the postdiscal region, which runs from the costa to the anal angle; the marginal region is orange, and the veins stand out by their blackish-brown color in the submarginal region. Ventrally, males have a wing pattern similar to the dorsal surface; however, the base-color on both wings is pale orange, and the spots and bands on both wings are slightly lighter than dorsally. The females are easily distinguishable from the males because they are larger, the apical region of the forewings is slightly rounded, and they have a markedly paler base color on the forewing, making the spots stand out.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF1B3FACC4B4F92F" blockId="24.[151,1437,509,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
Despite the descriptions provided by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FDA43FACC47CF9BF" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[632,789,1518,1544]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller (1972)</bibRefCitation>
, it is difficult to separate some specimens of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FAF43FACC2F5F9BF" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1320,1436,1518,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FAF43FACC2F5F9BF" box="[1320,1436,1518,1544]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FF093C50C610F99B" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[213,377,1554,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF093C50C610F99B" box="[213,377,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since both species tend to be variable, and their phenotypes are similar. This has caused some confusion, as shown in
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FE7D3C74C5A7F9E7" author="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J." box="[417,718,1590,1616]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" refId="ref23969" refString="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J. (2007) Butterflies and Moths of Costa Rica. INBIO Press, San Jose, 366 pp." type="book" year="2007">Chacón &amp; Montero (2007)</bibRefCitation>
who illustrated a male of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FC293C74C332F9E7" box="[1013,1115,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
A. i.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FBF73C75C332F9E7" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1067,1115,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">inca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FB5D3C74C26CF9E7" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1153,1285,1590,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FB5D3C74C26CF9E7" box="[1153,1285,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">A. clitarcha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, a study is necessary to complement
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FDC33C18C5A5F9C3" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[543,716,1626,1652]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller’s (1972)</bibRefCitation>
work and illustrate the variability of both the wing and genital patterns of the two species, helping to clarify their respective distributions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493249FFC3FF1B3CE0C600F823" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC3FF1B3CE0C600F823" blockId="24.[151,1437,509,2012]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF1B3CE0C6BBF90C" bold="true" box="[199,466,1697,1724]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
This taxon is diurnal and flies in localities with a high degree of humidity in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FA9B3CE0C2F4F90B" box="[1351,1437,1698,1724]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Central America with an abundance of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FD5D3C84C44EF957" box="[641,807,1734,1760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Tillandsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FD5D3C84C598F957" box="[641,753,1734,1760]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Tillandsia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FCE93C84C4BFF957" box="[821,982,1734,1760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
). Males are territorial and are frequently seen along sunny paths or watercourses, where they repeatedly patrol the vicinity of their perching area searching for females with which to mate or to drive away other males or butterfly species that might invade their territory.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FF4B3D70C6E2F8FB" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Vinciguerra, R." box="[151,395,1842,1868]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="473 - 476" refId="ref25788" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Vinciguerra, R. (2008) Notes on some Athis inca ssp. collected in Mexico (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 36 (144), 473 - 476." type="journal article" year="2008">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FEDA3D71C655F8FB" box="[262,316,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">et al.</emphasis>
(2008)
</bibRefCitation>
listed a specimen collected “inside a butterfly trap with fermented fruit” in Soteapan,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203249FFC3FAEE3D70C2F0F8FB" box="[1330,1433,1842,1868]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FF4B3D14C799F8C7" box="[151,240,1878,1904]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. This case seems to be a coincidence since no other specimen of this subspecies had been reported being collected that way.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493249FFC2FF1B3DDFC664FEF6" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23249FFC2FF1B3DDFC664FEF6" blockId="24.[151,1437,509,2012]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1437,150,321]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="176" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FF1B3DDFC52BF800" bold="true" box="[199,578,1949,1976]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333249FFC3FD363DDCC4EFF80F" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[746,902,1950,1976]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref27032" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1972) Review of the Central American Castnia inca complex (Castniidae). Bulletin of the Allyn Museum, 6, 1 - 13." type="journal article" year="1972">Miller (1972)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413249FFC3FC493DDCC328F80F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[917,1089,1950,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03249FFC3FC493DDCC328F80F" box="[917,1089,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Athis inca inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FAF43DDCC217F80F" box="[1320,1406,1950,1976]" name="Mexico" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523249FFC3FF4B3D80C67CF86B" box="[151,277,1986,2012]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. Based on the material studied and presented herein, it has been collected in the following Costa Rican cantons:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF213AD4C605FF07" bold="true" box="[253,364,150,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FF213AD4C60EFF07" box="[253,359,150,176]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
San Carlos, Upala;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FD883AD4C5D6FF07" bold="true" box="[596,703,150,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FD883AD4C5D3FF07" box="[596,698,150,176]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Cartago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Jiménez, Turrialba;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FC773AD4C329FF07" bold="true" box="[939,1088,150,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FC773AD4C352FF07" box="[939,1083,150,176]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Bagaces;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FB6B3AD4C249FF07" bold="true" box="[1207,1312,150,176]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FB6B3AD4C272FF07" box="[1207,1307,150,176]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Heredia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Sarapiquí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FF4B3AF8C799FF62" bold="true" box="[151,240,186,213]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FF4B3AF8C782FF62" box="[151,235,186,213]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Limón</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Pococí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FE8C3AF9C68BFF62" bold="true" box="[336,482,187,213]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FE8C3AF9C6B4FF62" box="[336,477,187,213]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Coto Brus, Golfito;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FD183AF8C45DFF62" bold="true" box="[708,820,186,213]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203248FFC2FD183AF8C459FF62" box="[708,816,186,213]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">San José</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Vázquez de Coronado. According to the biogeographic provinces of the Neotropical region proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333248FFC2FD1B3A9DC4A8FF4E" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[711,961,223,249]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FCEE3A9DC402FF4E" box="[818,875,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523248FFC2FC303A9DC30EFF4E" box="[1004,1127,223,249]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03248FFC2FBAC3A9DC3B1FF4F" box="[1136,1240,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
A. i.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413248FFC2FB743A9DC3B1FF4F" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1192,1240,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inca">inca</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
flies in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

379
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<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3AD5C59EFF06" blockId="27.[151,759,151,214]" box="[151,759,151,178]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<heading id="FC3381AE324AFFC0FF4B3AD5C59EFF06" bold="true" box="[151,759,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" reason="1">
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15.
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF1F3AD5C549FF06" bold="true" box="[195,544,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Prometheus zagraea zagraea</emphasis>
(R. Felder, 1874)
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(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47324AFFC0FF433AF9C65BFF62" box="[159,306,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1431,1455]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,191,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[151,1435,181,1407]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. A–B: Prometheus zagraea zagraea; A: ♂, Estación Santa Rosa, Prov. Guanacaste, 300m, Junio 1995, D. H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs, 313000, 359800, INBIOCRI002427675, MNCR-A2427675 (MNCR); B: ♀, Puntarenas, P. Nal. Corcovado, Est. Cirena, 13-V-86, R Canet, INBIOCRI001056100, MNCR-A1056100 (MNCR); C–D: Prometheus zagraea salvina; C: ♂, Estac. Pitilla, 700m, 9km S. Santa Cecilia, Guanac. Prov., Mar1989, GNP Biodiversity Survey, W 85 25 40, N 10 59 26, INBIOCRI001056099, MNCR-A1056099 (MNCR); D: ♀, Estac. Pitilla, 700m, 9km S Santa Cecilia, Guanacaste, Mar 1990, P. Ríos &amp; R. Blanco, 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI00091782, MNCR-A191782 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749660/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Figs. 8A, 8B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47324AFFC0FEE23AF9C607FF62" box="[318,366,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–B: Amauta procera; A: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz); B: ♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube); C: ♀, Prometheus zagraea zagraea, Osa, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt); D–E: Divana diva diva; D: ♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis); E: ♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider); F–G: Athis palatinus staudingeri; F: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor); G: ♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong); H: ♂, Athis analibiae, Talamanca, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); I: ♀, Athis clitarcha, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen); J: ♂, Athis inca inca, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">10C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47324AFFC0FEA63AF9C6CEFF62" box="[378,423,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">12F</figureCitation>
) (BIN: BOLD:AAE6534)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3B42C39EFEAF" blockId="27.[151,1402,255,525]" box="[151,1271,255,280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3B42C6AEFEAF" authority="Felder, 1874" authorityName="Felder" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,455,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3B42C657FEA0" box="[151,318,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Castnia zagraea</emphasis>
Felder, 1874
</taxonomicName>
; R. Felder, 1874.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDA63ABDC35FFEA0" bold="true" box="[634,1078,255,280]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Reise Fregatte Novara, Bd 2 (Abth. 2) (4)</emphasis>
, p. 3, pl. 79, fig. 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324AFFC0FF4B3B5DC378FEC3" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3B5DC3B3FEE2" blockId="27.[151,1402,255,525]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3B5DC57AFE81" ID-CoL="96YGN" authority="Boisduval, [1875]" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,531,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3B5DC63AFE81" box="[151,339,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Gazera columbina</emphasis>
Boisduval, [1875]
</taxonomicName>
; Boisduval, [1875].
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FD3D3B5CC27AFE81" bold="true" box="[737,1299,285,310]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Spec. Gén. des Lép. Hét. Tome 1: Sphin., Sesi., Cast.</emphasis>
, p. 546.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3B7FC6B3FEE2" ID-CoL="967HW" authority="Westwood, 1877" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,474,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cycna">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3B7FC64EFEE2" box="[151,295,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Castnia cycna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FEF13B7FC6B3FEE2" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[301,474,317,341]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FE383B7FC5F8FEE2" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[484,657,317,341]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FD463B7FC369FEE2" bold="true" box="[666,1024,317,341]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon., Zoo. 2 (1)</emphasis>
, p. 191, pl. 32, fig. 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3B1EC378FEC3" blockId="27.[151,1402,255,525]" box="[151,1041,347,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3B1EC6FFFEC4" box="[151,406,348,371]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="cycna" variety="minor">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3B1EC64EFEC4" box="[151,295,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Castnia cycna</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE853B1EC6FFFEC4" box="[345,406,348,371]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">minor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FE7F3B1EC539FEC3" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[419,592,348,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FD853B1EC4D6FEC4" bold="true" box="[601,959,347,372]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon., Zoo. 2 (1)</emphasis>
, p. 191.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324AFFC0FF4B3B38C386FE06" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3B38C249FE25" blockId="27.[151,1402,255,525]" box="[151,1312,378,402]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3B38C6F6FE25" box="[151,415,378,402]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Doubldaya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraeus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3B38C6F6FE25" box="[151,415,378,402]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Doubldaya [sic] zagraeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; Buchecker, [1899],
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDA93B38C3EDFE25" bold="true" box="[629,1156,378,402]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Syst. Ent., Sist. Insect. Class., Gen., Spec.: Pars 6</emphasis>
, pl. 23, fig. 28.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3BDBC386FE06" blockId="27.[151,1402,255,525]" box="[151,1263,408,435]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3BDBC602FE06" box="[151,363,409,433]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3BDBC60DFE06" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,356,409,433]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraeoides">Gazera zagraeoides</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FEAD3BDBC567FE06" author="Houlbert, C." box="[369,526,409,433]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDCB3BD8C591FE06" bold="true" box="[535,760,408,435]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 66, 630, 703, fig. 225, pl. CDLXI, fig. 3844.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324AFFC0FF4B3BFAC480FDBA" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3BFAC454FE59" blockId="27.[151,1402,255,525]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3BFAC64BFE78" ID-CoL="5CYLT" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[151,290,440,463]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cycna">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3BFAC64BFE78" box="[151,290,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Zegara cycna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FEF33BFAC6C4FE78" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[303,429,439,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE653BF5C6A7FE78" bold="true" box="[441,462,439,463]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDEB3BF5C24EFE67" bold="true" box="[567,1319,439,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FD1A3BF5C454FE78" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[710,829,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FC943BF5C4D4FE78" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[840,957,439,463]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep.
</emphasis>
, p. 137.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3B95C6F8FE59" ID-CoL="5CYM6" box="[151,401,471,494]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zagraea" subSpecies="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3B95C6F8FE59" box="[151,401,471,494]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Zegara zagraea zagraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FE423B95C548FE59" author="Lamas, G." box="[414,545,470,494]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDF13B94C59EFE59" bold="true" box="[557,759,470,494]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 85.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3BB7C480FDBA" blockId="27.[151,1402,255,525]" box="[151,1001,501,525]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3BB7C601FDBA" baseAuthorityName="Maes &amp; Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[151,360,501,525]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3BB7C601FDBA" box="[151,360,501,525]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Prometheus zagraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FEA93BB7C500FDBA" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." box="[373,617,501,525]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes &amp; Duarte, 2014</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDAE3BB7C4CAFDBA" bold="true" box="[626,931,501,525]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2)</emphasis>
, p. 32.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324AFFC0FF4B3879C322FC0A" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3879C5FBFD52" blockId="27.[151,1437,571,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3879C6EBFDE2" bold="true" box="[151,386,571,597]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">General comments.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FDF7387EC5A5FDE1" author="Lamas, G." box="[555,716,571,598]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FD073879C20EFDE2" authority="(R. Felder, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[731,1383,571,597]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zagraea" subGenus="Zegara" subSpecies="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FD073879C409FDE2" box="[731,864,571,597]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Prometheus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FCA8387EC4ACFDE2" box="[884,965,572,597]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Zegara</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FC04387EC3FFFDE2" box="[984,1174,572,597]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">zagraea zagraea</emphasis>
(R. Felder, 1874)
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FE953822C6CCFDCD" box="[329,421,608,634]" name="Panama" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Panama</collectingCountry>
. This species is a member of a mimetic ring that includes various species of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FAD1381DC2F5FDCE" box="[1293,1436,607,633]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Heliconiinae">Heliconiinae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF1B38C1C658FD2A" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1833" box="[199,305,643,669]" class="Insecta" family="Danainae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Danainae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FE9C38C1C6B2FD2A" box="[320,475,643,669]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
) that exhibit a “tiger pattern” (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FCE938C1C4D6FD2A" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[821,959,643,669]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FC1038C1C3D3FD2A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[972,1210,643,669]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FBE138C6C31FFD2A" box="[1085,1142,643,669]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). The wing shape in both sexes is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FE3438EAC45FFD76" authority="(Hubner, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Hubner" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[488,822,679,705]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Lycorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE3438EAC5EBFD76" box="[488,642,679,705]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Lycorea halia</emphasis>
(Hübner, 1816)
</taxonomicName>
. Males are smaller than females, wings are not as wide, and overall coloration is darker than females.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF1B38ADC322FC0A" blockId="27.[151,1437,571,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF1B38ADC6DAFCBE" baseAuthorityName="Maes &amp; Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[199,435,751,777]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF1B38ADC6DAFCBE" box="[199,435,751,777]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Prometheus zagraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is polymorphic, which favored the description of various taxa, resulting in records from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FF053951C633FC9A" box="[217,346,787,813]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FEB53951C6B3FC9A" box="[361,474,787,813]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FDC13956C51FFC99" box="[541,630,788,814]" name="Panama" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Panama</collectingCountry>
under different species or subspecies names (
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FB493956C264FC9A" box="[1173,1293,787,813]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
i.e.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FB1E3951C264FC9A" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1218,1293,787,813]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carilla">carilla</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FAC33951C2FCFC9A" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[1311,1429,787,813]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FAC33951C2FCFC9A" box="[1311,1429,787,813]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">columbina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B397AC672FCE6" authorityName="Buchecker" authorityYear="1899" box="[151,283,824,849]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Graya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B397AC672FCE6" box="[151,283,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FEF53975C613FCE6" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[297,378,823,849]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FEF53975C613FCE6" box="[297,378,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">salvina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FE5B397AC688FCE6" baseAuthorityName="Maes &amp; Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[391,481,824,849]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE5B397AC688FCE6" box="[391,481,824,849]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">zagraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Consequently, doubts about the validity of some of those names were raised, as well as the taxonomic status of the different populations found between
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FC493919C361FCC2" box="[917,1032,859,885]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FB9D3919C3DBFCC2" box="[1089,1202,859,885]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, and their respective distribution. A thorough review of this complex of species today dumped in the genus
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FB4F393DC271FC2E" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1824" box="[1171,1304,895,921]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FB4F393DC271FC2E" box="[1171,1304,895,921]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Prometheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which we consider incorrect) is needed to clarify their taxonomic status and distribution limits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324AFFC0FF1B3985C23AFB9E" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF1B3985C23AFB9E" blockId="27.[151,1437,571,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF1B3985C6A6FC56" bold="true" box="[199,463,967,993]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Adults are diurnal and fly on sunny days.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FC793985C355FC56" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[933,1084,967,993]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that females of this species have been sighted in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FE0D39A9C520FBB2" box="[465,585,1003,1029]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
laying eggs on the terrestrial bromeliad
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FBDD39A9C629FB9E" authority="(Andre) Andre ex Baker, 1889" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1889" baseAuthorityName="Andre" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Aechmea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magdalenae">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FBDD39A9C39CFBB2" box="[1025,1269,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Aechmea magdalenae</emphasis>
(André)André ex Baker, 1889
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FE933E4DC684FB9E" box="[335,493,1039,1065]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FDDE3E4DC5A3FB9E" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[514,714,1039,1065]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="491 - 499" refId="ref28779" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2008) Osservazioni su alcuni taxa dei generi: Corybantes Hubner, [1819], Athis Hubner, [1819], Zegara Oiticica, 1955, Mirocastnia Miller, 1980 e Insigniocastnia Miller, 2007 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 36 (144), 491 - 499." type="journal article" year="2008">Vinciguerra 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FD0A3E4DC4A8FB9E" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[726,961,1039,1065]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FC9B3E52C416FB9E" box="[839,895,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 2017;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FBCE3E52C22EFB9E" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[1042,1351,1039,1066]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FB173E52C26DFB9E" box="[1227,1284,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324AFFC0FF1B3E71C3EDFA92" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF1B3E71C3EDFA92" blockId="27.[151,1437,571,1317]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF1B3E71C553FBFA" bold="true" box="[199,570,1075,1101]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
According to the bibliography and the specimens studied for the present study,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3E1AC64AFBC6" box="[151,291,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
P.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF6D3E1AC64AFBC6" baseAuthorityName="Maes &amp; Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[177,291,1112,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraea">z. zagraea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is known from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FE0C3E15C522FBC6" box="[464,587,1111,1137]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FD8A3E1AC5DBFBC5" box="[598,690,1112,1138]" name="Panama" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Panama</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FD353E15C43EFBC6" box="[745,855,1111,1137]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FCB93E15C487FBC6" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[869,1006,1111,1137]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FC2B3E15C35BFBC5" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1015,1074,1111,1138]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FBE13E1AC3A1FBC5" author="Lamas, G." box="[1085,1224,1111,1138]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FB0F3E15C2FEFBC6" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[1235,1431,1111,1137]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="491 - 499" refId="ref28779" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2008) Osservazioni su alcuni taxa dei generi: Corybantes Hubner, [1819], Athis Hubner, [1819], Zegara Oiticica, 1955, Mirocastnia Miller, 1980 e Insigniocastnia Miller, 2007 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 36 (144), 491 - 499." type="journal article" year="2008">Vinciguerra 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FF4B3E39C6ECFB22" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[151,389,1147,1173]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FED53E3EC62BFB22" box="[265,322,1147,1173]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 2017). In
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FDDC3E39C517FB22" box="[512,638,1147,1173]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, this subspecies has been recorded in the following cantons:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FAED3E39C2F5FB22" bold="true" box="[1329,1436,1147,1173]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324AFFC0FAED3E39C2FEFB22" box="[1329,1431,1147,1173]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Cartago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Turrialba;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FED73EDDC6C8FB0E" bold="true" box="[267,417,1183,1209]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324AFFC0FED73EDDC6F2FB0E" box="[267,411,1183,1209]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
La Cruz;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDD13EDDC5F7FB0E" bold="true" box="[525,670,1183,1209]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324AFFC0FDD13EDDC5F3FB0E" box="[525,666,1183,1209]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Golfito, Osa;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FCE63EDDC4C0FB0E" bold="true" box="[826,937,1182,1209]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324AFFC0FCE63EDDC4CDFB0E" box="[826,932,1182,1209]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">San José</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Mora. Based on the biogeographic provinces of the Neotropical region proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FD873E86C430FB6A" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[603,857,1219,1246]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FD1B3E86C46BFB6A" box="[711,770,1219,1245]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FC5B3E81C36DFB6A" box="[903,1028,1219,1245]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FBD23E86C3CBFB6A" box="[1038,1186,1220,1245]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
P.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FBF03E86C3CBFB6A" baseAuthorityName="Maes &amp; Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1068,1186,1220,1245]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraea">z. zagraea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has been recorded in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion, and the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, all in the Brazilian subregion.
</paragraph>
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477
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16.
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF1F3F35C57EFA25" bold="true" box="[195,535,1399,1426]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Prometheus zagraea salvina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FDFB3F35C59DFA26" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[551,756,1399,1425]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324AFFC0FF4B3FD9C61BFA02" box="[151,370,1435,1461]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3FD9C61BFA02" blockId="27.[151,765,1399,1461]" box="[151,370,1435,1461]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47324AFFC0FF433FD9C65BFA02" box="[159,306,1435,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1431,1455]" captionTargetBox="[157,1432,191,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-17@21.[151,1435,181,1407]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. A–B: Prometheus zagraea zagraea; A: ♂, Estación Santa Rosa, Prov. Guanacaste, 300m, Junio 1995, D. H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs, 313000, 359800, INBIOCRI002427675, MNCR-A2427675 (MNCR); B: ♀, Puntarenas, P. Nal. Corcovado, Est. Cirena, 13-V-86, R Canet, INBIOCRI001056100, MNCR-A1056100 (MNCR); C–D: Prometheus zagraea salvina; C: ♂, Estac. Pitilla, 700m, 9km S. Santa Cecilia, Guanac. Prov., Mar1989, GNP Biodiversity Survey, W 85 25 40, N 10 59 26, INBIOCRI001056099, MNCR-A1056099 (MNCR); D: ♀, Estac. Pitilla, 700m, 9km S Santa Cecilia, Guanacaste, Mar 1990, P. Ríos &amp; R. Blanco, 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI00091782, MNCR-A191782 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749660" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749660/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Figs. 8C, 8D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47324AFFC0FEE23FD9C603FA02" box="[318,362,1435,1461]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">12F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324AFFC0FF4B3FA2C413F982" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3FA2C381FA4F" blockId="27.[151,1436,1503,1773]" box="[151,1256,1503,1528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3FA2C681FA4F" ID-CoL="967LN" authority="Westwood, 1877" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,488,1504,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3FA2C65CFA4F" box="[151,309,1504,1528]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Castnia salvina</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FEE73FA2C681FA4F" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[315,488,1504,1528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FE2E3FA2C5F6FA4F" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[498,671,1504,1528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="155 - 207" refId="ref29118" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1877) A Monograph of the Lepidopterous genus Castnia and some allied groups. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 2 (1), 155 - 207, pls. 28 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1877. tb 00437. x" type="journal article" year="1877">Westwood, 1877</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FD743FA2C367FA40" bold="true" box="[680,1038,1503,1528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Trans. Linn. Soc. Lon., Zoo. 2 (1)</emphasis>
, p. 190, pl. 32, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3FBDC49AF9A1" blockId="27.[151,1436,1503,1773]" box="[151,1011,1534,1558]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3FBDC6D2F9A1" ID-CoL="96YGM" authority="Schaus, 1911" authorityName="Schaus, Carrillo CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,443,1534,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carilla">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3FBDC645F9A1" box="[151,300,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Gazera carilla</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FEEE3FBCC6D2F9A1" author="Schaus W." box="[306,443,1534,1558]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FE1A3FBCC526F9A1" author="Schaus W." box="[454,591,1534,1558]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FD843FBCC4C9F9A1" bold="true" box="[600,928,1534,1558]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7 (38)</emphasis>
, p. 192.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3C5FC413F982" blockId="27.[151,1436,1503,1773]" box="[151,890,1564,1591]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3C5FC65CF982" box="[151,309,1565,1589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3C5FC644F982" ID-CoL="96YGM" authorityName="Schaus, Carrillo CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,301,1565,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carilla">Gazera carilla</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FEE63C5FC6BEF982" author="Houlbert, C." box="[314,471,1565,1589]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE3C3C5CC5A8F982" bold="true" box="[480,705,1564,1591]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 66, 635, 704.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324AFFC7FF4B3C7EC698FF4E" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3C7EC4B2F9E3" blockId="27.[151,1436,1503,1773]" box="[151,987,1595,1622]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3C7EC650F9E3" box="[151,313,1596,1620]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3C7EC65AF9E3" box="[151,307,1596,1620]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvina">Gazera salvina</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FE9C3C7EC6B4F9E3" author="Houlbert, C." box="[320,477,1596,1620]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE3A3C7FC5AEF9E4" bold="true" box="[486,711,1595,1622]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 66, 636, 704, fig. 230.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3C19C3BAF9C5" blockId="27.[151,1436,1503,1773]" box="[151,1235,1626,1650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3C19C5DBF9C5" authority="Talbot" authorityName="Talbot" box="[151,690,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="columbina" subGenus="Doubledaya" subSpecies="panamensis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3C19C78FF9C5" box="[151,230,1627,1650]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Castnia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF293C18C618F9C5" box="[245,369,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Doubledaya</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FEA33C18C500F9C5" box="[383,617,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">columbina panamensis</emphasis>
Talbot
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FD673C18C457F9C5" author="Talbot, G." box="[699,830,1626,1650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="68 - 71" refId="ref28685" refString="Talbot, G. (1929) Some new forms of Castniidae. Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 3 (1), 68 - 71." type="journal article" year="1929">Talbot, 1929</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FC943C18C377F9C5" bold="true" box="[840,1054,1626,1650]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Bull. Hill Mus. 3 (1)</emphasis>
, p70, pl. 1, fig. 4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3C38C2EBF926" blockId="27.[151,1436,1503,1773]" box="[151,1410,1657,1681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3C38C642F926" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,299,1657,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carilla">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3C38C642F926" box="[151,299,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Zegara carilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FEE43C3BC6DFF926" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[312,438,1657,1681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE1E3C3BC6BEF926" bold="true" box="[450,471,1657,1681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FD9C3C3BC259F926" bold="true" box="[576,1328,1657,1681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FD133C3BC42FF926" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[719,838,1657,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FC8D3C3BC4AFF926" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[849,966,1657,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FB553C3BC259F926" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." box="[1161,1328,1657,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, p. 137.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3CDAC664F979" blockId="27.[151,1436,1503,1773]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3CDAC6F6F907" box="[151,415,1688,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="columbina" subSpecies="salvina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3CDAC6F6F907" box="[151,415,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Zegara columbina salvina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FE773CDAC541F918" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[427,552,1687,1712]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDEF3CD5C521F918" bold="true" box="[563,584,1687,1711]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FD733CD5C2FFF907" bold="true" box="[687,1430,1687,1712]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FCE13CD5C4DDF918" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[829,948,1687,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FC623CD5C35AF918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[958,1075,1687,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FB2E3CD5C2FFF907" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." box="[1266,1430,1687,1712]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, p. 137.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC0FF4B3C94C45CF95A" blockId="27.[151,1436,1503,1773]" box="[151,821,1749,1773]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FF4B3C94C6E1F95A" box="[151,392,1749,1773]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zagraea" subSpecies="salvina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3C94C6E1F95A" box="[151,392,1749,1773]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Zegara zagraea salvina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FE493C97C571F95A" author="Lamas, G." box="[405,536,1749,1773]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDF93C97C587F95A" bold="true" box="[549,750,1749,1773]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 85.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324AFFC7FF4B3D59C698FF4E" blockId="27.[151,1437,1819,2026]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,151,249]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="179" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FF4B3D59C6EBF882" bold="true" box="[151,386,1819,1845]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">General comments.</emphasis>
Initially, the genus
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FDB53D5EC5D3F882" authorityName="Oiticica" authorityYear="1955" box="[617,698,1820,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FDB53D5EC5D3F882" box="[617,698,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Zegara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(currently a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FC3E3D59C30EF882" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1824" box="[994,1127,1819,1845]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FC3E3D59C30EF882" box="[994,1127,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Prometheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) included over 10 species, among which were
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FEA43D02C68BF8EE" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[376,482,1855,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carilla">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FEA43D02C68BF8EE" box="[376,482,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Z. carilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FE2D3D02C47AF8EE" baseAuthorityName="Talbot" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[497,787,1855,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="columbina" subSpecies="panamensis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE2D3D02C47AF8EE" box="[497,787,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Z. columbina panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FCFF3D02C4FAF8EE" box="[803,915,1855,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FCFF3D02C4FAF8EE" box="[803,915,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Z. salvina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FC113D02C32FF8EE" baseAuthorityName="Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[973,1094,1856,1881]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FC113D02C32FF8EE" box="[973,1094,1856,1881]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Z. zagraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FBA93D7DC266F8ED" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1141,1295,1855,1882]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller (1995)</bibRefCitation>
indicated in her list. However,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FEB53D26C56FF8C9" author="Lamas, G." box="[361,518,1891,1918]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized the majority and only left two valid species with some subspecies.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FF4B3DCAC65BF815" author="Lamas, G." box="[151,306,1927,1954]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
also considered
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FE363DC5C552F816" box="[490,571,1927,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE363DC5C552F816" box="[490,571,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">salvina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FC953DCAC4A9F816" baseAuthorityName="Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[841,960,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FC953DCAC4A9F816" box="[841,960,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Z. zagraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but considered
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FBB23DCAC3BFF816" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1134,1238,1927,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carilla">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FBB23DCAC3BFF816" box="[1134,1238,1927,1953]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Z. carilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FAD63DCAC672F872" baseAuthorityName="Talbot" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Zegara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="columbina" subSpecies="panamensis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FAD63DCAC672F872" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Z. columbina panamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as synonyms of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FE063DEEC50BF872" box="[474,610,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">
Z.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324AFFC0FE243DEEC50BF872" box="[504,610,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvina">z. salvina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, distributed in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FCD23DEEC40EF871" box="[782,871,1964,1990]" name="Panama" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Panama</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FC423DE9C375F872" box="[926,1052,1963,1989]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FBFA3DEEC205F872" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[1062,1388,1963,1990]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324AFFC0FB3D3DEEC273F872" box="[1249,1306,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324AFFC0FF4B3D92C6D9F85E" author="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[151,432,1999,2026]" pageId="27" pageNumber="178" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref26963" refString="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2022) Ampliacion geografica de Corybantes veraguana veraguana (Westwood, 1877) y Athis clitarcha (Westwood, 1977) para la fauna de Nicaragua (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia, 274, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7200048" type="journal article" year="2022">Maes &amp; González (2022)</bibRefCitation>
reported it from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324AFFC0FDB73D8DC5B7F85E" box="[619,734,1999,2025]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324AFFC0FD303D8DC4F3F85E" box="[748,922,1999,2025]" country="Nicaragua" name="Nueva Segovia" pageId="27" pageNumber="178">Nueva Segovia</collectingRegion>
, Cerro Jesús). It belongs to a mimetic ring that contains various “tiger pattern” species (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FDBF3AD5C586FF06" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[611,751,151,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FD203AD5C484FF06" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[764,1005,151,177]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FCB23AD5C4C1FF06" box="[878,936,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). As in the nominal subspecies, males are darker and smaller than females. The coloration of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FD283AF9C411FF62" box="[756,888,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
P.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FCD33AF9C411FF62" box="[783,888,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Gazera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvina">z. salvina</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
tends to be darker than in the nominal subspecies (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FF433A9DC68CFF4E" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[159,485,223,249]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F3BB664A324DFFC7FF4B3C1DC6A2F92C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" startId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" targetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" targetPageId="28" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324DFFC7FF4B3C1DC6A2F92C" blockId="28.[151,1437,1631,1692]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FF4B3C1DC64BF9C0" bold="true" box="[151,290,1631,1655]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Distribution maps of the genera
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FD5C3C22C5A6F9C0" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[640,719,1632,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FD5C3C22C5A6F9C0" box="[640,719,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Amauta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(A),
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FCD63C1DC457F9C0" box="[778,830,1631,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FCD63C1DC457F9C0" box="[778,830,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Athis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(B, C),
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FC453C1DC367F9C0" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1819" box="[921,1038,1631,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Corybantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FC453C1DC367F9C0" box="[921,1038,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Corybantes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FB983C22C3D6F9C0" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[1092,1215,1632,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FB983C22C3D6F9C0" box="[1092,1215,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Mirocastnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(D),
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FB273C22C22FF9C0" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1982" box="[1275,1350,1632,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FB273C22C22FF9C0" box="[1275,1350,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Divana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(E) and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FF4B3CC1C666F92C" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1824" box="[151,271,1667,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FF4B3CC1C666F92C" box="[151,271,1667,1691]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Prometheus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(F) in Costa Rica.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324DFFC7FF1B3CACC218F82F" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324DFFC7FF1B3CACC218F82F" blockId="28.[151,1437,1773,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FF1B3CACC6B8F8B0" bold="true" box="[199,465,1773,1800]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FD953CACC4E1F8BF" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[585,904,1774,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zagraea" subSpecies="salvina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FD953CACC4E1F8BF" box="[585,904,1774,1800]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Prometheus zagraea salvina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are diurnal and fly on sunny days in sync with species of their mimetic ring. It has been found in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324DFFC7FD1A3D50C450F89B" box="[710,825,1810,1836]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
flying together with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FBF83D50C2F5F89B" authority="(Walker, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1060,1436,1809,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Chetone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulosa">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FBF83D50C386F89B" box="[1060,1263,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Chetone angulosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FB203D50C2FDF89B" author="Walker, F." box="[1276,1428,1809,1836]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" refId="ref29032" refString="Walker, F. (1854) List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part I-Lepidoptera Heterocera. Vol. 1. British Museum, London, 278 pp." type="book" year="1854">Walker, 1854</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FF433D74C660F8E7" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[159,265,1846,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erebidae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FEC53D74C5B4F8E7" authority="Doubleday, 1847" authorityName="Doubleday" authorityYear="1847" box="[281,733,1846,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Lycorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="halia" subSpecies="atergatis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FEC53D74C570F8F8" box="[281,537,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Lycorea halia atergatis</emphasis>
Doubleday, 1847
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FD3A3D74C3FAF8E7" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[742,1171,1845,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Mechanitis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polymnia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FD3A3D74C4A6F8E7" box="[742,975,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Mechanitis polymnia</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FB403D74C7B3F8C3" authority="(Stoll, 1781)" baseAuthorityName="Stoll" baseAuthorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Eueides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isabella">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FB403D74C23AF8E7" box="[1180,1363,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Eueides isabella</emphasis>
(Stoll, 1781)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FF343D18C5E5F8C3" authority="Latreille, [1817]" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1817" box="[232,652,1882,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ismenius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FF343D18C6A2F8C4" box="[232,459,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Heliconius ismenius</emphasis>
Latreille, [1817]
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FD193D18C3C7F8C3" authority="(Doubleday, [1849])" baseAuthorityName="Doubleday" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[709,1198,1882,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Consul" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="fabius" subSpecies="cecrops">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FD193D18C4D6F8C4" box="[709,959,1882,1908]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Consul fabius cecrops</emphasis>
(Doubleday, [1849])
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FB613D18C231F8C3" box="[1213,1368,1882,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nymphalidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FAB33D18C6F3F82F" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FEC23D3CC63FF82F" box="[286,342,1918,1944]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). According to the latter authors, the flight pattern of both sexes is similar to heliconids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549324DFFC6FF1B3DE3C534FE3E" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2324DFFC6FF1B3DE3C534FE3E" blockId="28.[151,1437,1773,2016]" lastBlockId="29.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FF1B3DE3C551F80C" bold="true" box="[199,568,1953,1980]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324DFFC7FDE13DE0C41CF80B" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[573,885,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="zagraea" subSpecies="salvina">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FDE13DE0C41CF80B" box="[573,885,1954,1980]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Prometheus zagraea salvina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324DFFC7FBC03DE0C3FBF80B" box="[1052,1170,1954,1980]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324DFFC7FB473DE0C27BF80B" box="[1179,1298,1954,1980]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324DFFC7FA983DE0C2F4F80B" box="[1348,1437,1954,1980]" name="Panama" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FF433D84C640F857" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[159,297,1990,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FEE83D87C606F857" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[308,367,1989,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FEA63D84C56EF857" author="Lamas, G." box="[378,519,1989,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FDCE3D84C5B1F857" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[530,728,1990,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="491 - 499" refId="ref28779" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2008) Osservazioni su alcuni taxa dei generi: Corybantes Hubner, [1819], Athis Hubner, [1819], Zegara Oiticica, 1955, Mirocastnia Miller, 1980 e Insigniocastnia Miller, 2007 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 36 (144), 491 - 499." type="journal article" year="2008">Vinciguerra 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FD383D84C4A6F857" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[740,975,1990,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FC893D84C4E4F857" box="[853,909,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 2017;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC7FBFC3D84C23CF857" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[1056,1365,1990,2016]" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324DFFC7FB063D84C27BF857" box="[1242,1298,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="179">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324DFFC6FABC3D84C60BFF06" author="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="180" pageId="28" pageNumber="179" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref26963" refString="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2022) Ampliacion geografica de Corybantes veraguana veraguana (Westwood, 1877) y Athis clitarcha (Westwood, 1977) para la fauna de Nicaragua (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia, 274, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7200048" type="journal article" year="2022">Maes &amp; González 2022</bibRefCitation>
); however,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324CFFC6FE3F3AD5C5AFFF06" author="Salazar, J. A. &amp; Rodriguez, G. &amp; Rodriguez, C." box="[483,710,151,177]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="7 - 17" refId="ref28334" refString="Salazar, J. A., Rodriguez, G. &amp; Rodriguez, C. (2013) Datos adicionales sobre castnidos colombianos (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Boletin del Museo Entomologico Francisco Luis Gallego, 5 (2), 7 - 17." type="journal article" year="2013">
Salazar
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FDE03AD5C51CFF06" box="[572,629,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
cited it for
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324CFFC6FC963AD5C4D2FF06" box="[842,955,151,177]" name="Colombia" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, but did not illustrate any of the specimens cited. The Colombian specimens should be regarded as
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FCDB3AF9C45DFF63" box="[775,820,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">P. z.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41324CFFC6FCE73AF9C3D5FF62" authority="(Maes &amp; Gonzalez 2022)" baseAuthorityName="Maes &amp; Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[827,1212,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Prometheus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zagraea">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FCE73AF9C4FCFF63" box="[827,917,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">zagraea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324CFFC6FC783AF9C3DDFF62" author="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[932,1204,187,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref26963" refString="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2022) Ampliacion geografica de Corybantes veraguana veraguana (Westwood, 1877) y Athis clitarcha (Westwood, 1977) para la fauna de Nicaragua (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia, 274, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7200048" type="journal article" year="2022">Maes &amp; González 2022</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The subspecies has been found in the following cantons in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324CFFC6FD853A9DC5B0FF4E" box="[601,729,223,249]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FD393A9CC43DFF4F" bold="true" box="[741,852,222,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324CFFC6FD393A9CC426FF4F" box="[741,847,222,248]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Upala;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FC733A9CC372FF4F" bold="true" box="[943,1051,222,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324CFFC6FC733A9CC37CFF4F" box="[943,1045,222,248]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Cartago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Turrialba;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FB463A9CC259FF4F" bold="true" box="[1178,1328,222,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324CFFC6FB463A9CC243FF4F" box="[1178,1322,222,248]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
La Cruz;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FF4B3B40C669FEAB" bold="true" box="[151,256,258,284]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324CFFC6FF4B3B40C792FEAB" box="[151,251,258,284]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Heredia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Sarapiquí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FE5E3B40C6B2FEAA" bold="true" box="[386,475,258,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324CFFC6FE5E3B40C6BFFEAA" box="[386,470,258,285]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Limón</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Pococí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FDE23B41C5B9FEAA" bold="true" box="[574,720,259,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820324CFFC6FDE23B41C5A2FEAA" box="[574,715,259,285]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Golfito. Considering the biogeographic proposal of
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33324CFFC6FAC33B41C661FEF6" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." pageId="29" pageNumber="180" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0324CFFC6FA543B41C7DDFEF6" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652324CFFC6FEED3B65C6C7FEF6" box="[305,430,295,321]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="29" pageNumber="180">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, this subspecies has been recorded in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion, and the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, all in the Brazilian subregion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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325
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III.
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In the last three decades, the genus
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has undergone some changes in terms of the number of species that comprise it.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333256FFDCFEFD3D75C577F8E6" author="Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B." box="[289,542,1847,1874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refId="ref24275" refString="Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B. (1982) The Generic Names of Moths of the World. Vol. 4. Bombycoidea, Castnioidea, Cossoidea, Mimallonoidea, Sesioidea, Sphingoidea, Zygaenoidea. British Museum (Natural History), London, 192 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119597" type="book" year="1982">Fletcher &amp; Nye (1982)</bibRefCitation>
and
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ignored the genus, but
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restored it, since
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03256FFDCFA973D75C2F5F8E6" box="[1355,1436,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Telchin</emphasis>
Hübner, [1825]
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is the oldest generic name assigned to
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03256FFDCFCDE3D19C4FBF8C2" box="[770,914,1883,1909]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Papilio licus</emphasis>
Drury, 1773
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333256FFDCFBED3D1EC3A6F8C1" author="Lamas, G." box="[1073,1231,1883,1910]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
considered it as a monotypic genus, having
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413256FFDCFE613D3DC586F82E" authority="(Drury, 1773)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[445,751,1919,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03256FFDCFE613D3DC525F82E" box="[445,588,1919,1945]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Telchin licus</emphasis>
(Drury, 1773)
</taxonomicName>
as its only species, with twelve subspecies. Later,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333256FFDCFAEE3D3DC62BF80A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W." pageId="7" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25429" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W. (2004) A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Zootaxa, 762 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 762.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">González &amp; Cock (2004)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413256FFDCFE393DE1C454F80A" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[485,829,1955,1981]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Erythrocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03256FFDCFE393DE1C5E5F80A" box="[485,652,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Erythrocastnia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333256FFDCFD4F3DE1C454F80A" author="Houlbert, C." box="[659,829,1955,1981]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413256FFDCFCA23DE1C3ECF809" authority="Hubner, [1825]" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1825" box="[894,1157,1955,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03256FFDCFCA23DE1C4A6F80A" box="[894,975,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Telchin</emphasis>
Hübner, [1825]
</taxonomicName>
. Then,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333256FFDCFB043DE6C78BF856" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="158" pagination="245 - 265" refId="ref27391" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2009) Morfologia externa comparada das tres especies do complexo Telchin licus (Drury) (Lepidoptera, Castniidae) com uma sinonimia. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53 (2), 245 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262009000200007" type="journal article" year="2009">Moraes &amp; Duarte (2009)</bibRefCitation>
studied three species of the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413256FFDCFDC13D85C5C3F856" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[541,682,1991,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03256FFDCFDC13D85C5C3F856" box="[541,682,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Telchin licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, synonymizing
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413256FFDCFC183D8AC26CF856" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[964,1285,1991,2018]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03256FFDCFC183D8AC33CF855" box="[964,1109,1992,2018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Castniomera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333256FFDCFB873D85C26CF856" author="Houlbert, C." box="[1115,1285,1991,2017]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413256FFDCFA983D85C2FCF856" box="[1348,1429,1991,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03256FFDCFA983D85C2FCF856" box="[1348,1429,1991,2017]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Telchin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. They listed three species within the genus,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FDAA3AD5C59FFF07" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[630,758,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDAA3AD5C59FFF07" box="[630,758,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FCDF3AD5C43AFF06" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[771,851,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FCDF3AD5C43AFF06" box="[771,851,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FC4C3AD5C490FF06" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[912,1017,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syphax">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FC4C3AD5C490FF06" box="[912,1017,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. syphax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Years later,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FB543AD5C2F5FF06" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." box="[1160,1436,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes &amp; Duarte (2014)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized four other genera under
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD953AF9C5F3FF62" box="[585,666,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD953AF9C5F3FF62" box="[585,666,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD763AF9C4D1FF62" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[682,952,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD763AF9C468FF62" box="[682,769,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Amauta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCD63AF9C4D1FF62" author="Houlbert, C." box="[778,952,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FC183AF9C275FF62" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[964,1308,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FC183AF9C30FFF62" box="[964,1126,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Xanthocastnia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBB23AF9C275FF62" author="Houlbert, C." box="[1134,1308,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FAF53AF9C652FF4E" authority="Oiticica, 1955" authorityName="Oiticica" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Frostetola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FAF53AF9C2F4FF62" box="[1321,1437,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Frostetola</emphasis>
Oiticica, 1955
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FEA43A9DC50AFF4E" authority="Miller, 1982" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1982" box="[376,611,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FEA43A9DC6A3FF4F" box="[376,458,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Divana</emphasis>
Miller, 1982
</taxonomicName>
, and transferred
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FCFF3A9DC31FFF4E" authority="(Gray, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[803,1142,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Geyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hubneri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FCFF3A9DC4B4FF4E" box="[803,989,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Geyeria hubneri</emphasis>
(Gray, 1838)
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FB413A9DC387FF4E" box="[1181,1262,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB413A9DC387FF4E" box="[1181,1262,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, increasing the number of species within the genus to eleven. However, in a review of the genera
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FBE03B41C3FAFEAA" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[1084,1171,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FBE03B41C3FAFEAA" box="[1084,1171,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Amauta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FB103B41C66FFEF6" authority=", Worthy et al. (2022)" authorityName="Worthy" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB103B41C277FEAB" box="[1228,1310,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Divana</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FAF13B41C66FFEF6" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FA543B41C7DDFEF6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
reinstated both of them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF1B3B09C568FE66" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
Currently, the number of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE3B3B09C5FBFED2" box="[487,658,331,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE3B3B09C551FED2" box="[487,568,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
seems to be reduced to six (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FC043B09C333FED3" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[984,1114,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FC043B09C333FED3" box="[984,1114,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FBB53B09C3BEFED2" box="[1129,1239,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FBB53B09C3BEFED2" box="[1129,1239,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FB3A3B09C211FED3" box="[1254,1400,331,356]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gramivora">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB3A3B09C211FED3" box="[1254,1400,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. gramivora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FA543B09C787FE3E" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Geyeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hubneri">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FA543B09C787FE3E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. hubneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF213B2DC626FE3E" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[253,335,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF213B2DC626FE3E" box="[253,335,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE543B2DC69AFE3E" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[392,499,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syphax">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE543B2DC69AFE3E" box="[392,499,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. syphax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), with a large number of subspecies. However, a thorough revision of the genus is needed, not only because some of those subspecies could be synonymized or restored to species level, but some taxa might be placed in other genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF1B3B99C785FCA2" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
As of today, this is possibly the genus with the widest distribution in the Americas and can be found from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FF4B3BBDC786FDAE" box="[151,239,511,537]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, throughout Central America to South America (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCF73BBDC4D0FDAE" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[811,953,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FC143BBCC36AFDAE" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[968,1027,510,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBCF3BBDC3CDFDAE" author="Lamas, G." box="[1043,1188,510,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FB683BBDC2F8FDAE" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[1204,1425,511,537]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
). However, confusion among species and subspecies in the genus in the literature, together with the lack of taxonomic and distributional limits between taxa make it difficult to clearly understand the group. Adults are diurnal and some species such as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE503829C564FD33" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[396,525,619,644]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE503829C564FD33" box="[396,525,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD993829C5FFFD32" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[581,662,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD993829C5FFFD32" box="[581,662,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are pests of heliconias (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FC743829C339FD32" box="[936,1104,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FC743829C37FFD32" box="[936,1046,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Heliconia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FB803829C396FD32" box="[1116,1279,619,645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
), bananas and plantains (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FED338CDC6E1FD1E" box="[271,392,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FED338CDC624FD1F" box="[271,333,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Musa</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE4938CDC56EFD1E" box="[405,519,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
) and sugarcane (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD1738CDC4BCFD1E" box="[715,981,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinarum">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD1738CDC4BCFD1E" box="[715,981,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Saccharum officinarum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FC3938CDC32AFD1E" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[997,1091,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
) in several countries (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FA9E38CDC7BBFD7A" author="Gallego, F. L." pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="415 - 471" refId="ref24346" refString="Gallego, F. L. (1946) Catalogo de insectos correspondientes a la Orden Lepidoptera existentes en la seccion de Entomologia de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, Medellin. Parte II. Nocturnas, Heterocera o Chalinoptera. Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, 6 (24), 415 - 471." type="journal article" year="1946">Gallego 1946</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FF0038F1C67EFD7A" author="Gallego, F. L." box="[220,279,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="22 - 44" refId="ref24404" refString="Gallego, F. L. (1963) Superfamilia Castnioidea (Castnioidea Handlirsch. 1925). Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, 23 (58), 22 - 44." type="journal article" year="1963">1963</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEFE38F1C6CBFD7A" author="Lara, F." box="[290,418,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="128 - 134" refId="ref26486" refString="Lara, F. (1964 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. I. Morphology. Turrialba, 14 (3), 128 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Lara 1964a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE7038F1C69CFD7A" author="Lara, F." box="[428,501,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="188 - 195" refId="ref26526" refString="Lara, F. (1964 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. II. Bionomics. Turrialba, 14 (4), 188 - 195." type="journal article" year="1964">1964b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE2338F0C553FD7A" author="Lara, F." box="[511,570,690,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="99 - 102" refId="ref26566" refString="Lara, F. (1965) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. III. Rhythms and Ecology. Turrialba, 15 (2), 99 - 102." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FD9838F1C5E2FD7A" author="Lara, F." box="[580,651,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref26607" refString="Lara, F. (1966 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. IV. Sampling method. Turrialba, 16 (1), 29 - 32." type="journal article" year="1966">1966a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FD4938F1C5B6FD7A" author="Lara, F." box="[661,735,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="136 - 138" refId="ref26648" refString="Lara, F. (1966 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. V. Cultural control. Turrialba, 16 (2), 136 - 138." type="journal article" year="1966">1966b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FD3538F1C419FD7A" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[745,880,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCA638F1C265FD7A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F." box="[890,1292,691,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="47 - 53" refId="ref25659" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Fernandez-Yepez, F. (1993) Lista preliminar de las especies de Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) del Parque Nacional &quot; Henri Pittier &quot;, Venezuela. Diagnosis y comentarios. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle, 53 (139), 47 - 53." type="journal article" year="1993">González &amp; Fernández-Yépez 1993</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FACB38F1C67CFD46" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W." pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25429" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W. (2004) A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Zootaxa, 762 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 762.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">González &amp; Cock 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEFC3895C565FD46" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[288,524,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE4D3895C6A0FD46" box="[401,457,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD543895C5A9FD46" box="[648,704,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2017;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCD13895C339FD46" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[781,1104,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FB863895C260FD46" author="Aya, V. M. &amp; Pabon, A. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G." box="[1114,1289,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="399 - 410" refId="ref23600" refString="Aya, V. M., Pabon, A., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G. (2022) Morphological and molecular characterization of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) associated to sugarcane in Colombia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 112 (3) 399 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485321000997" type="journal article" year="2022">
Aya
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB523895C3AFFD46" box="[1166,1222,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FACF3895C788FCA2" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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489
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5.
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(
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,
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,
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) (BIN: BOLD:AEH7336)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD2FF4B3D4EC26FF8F5" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3D4EC49DF894" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" box="[151,1012,1803,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3D4EC6D4F894" ID-CoL="967J7" authority="Schaus, 1911" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,445,1803,1827]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3D4EC644F894" box="[151,301,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castnia drucei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FEEF3D49C6D4F894" author="Schaus W." box="[307,445,1803,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE1B3D49C539F894" author="Schaus W." box="[455,592,1803,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus, 1911</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD863D49C4C8F894" bold="true" box="[602,929,1803,1827]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 7 (38)</emphasis>
, p. 191.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3D68C26FF8F5" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" box="[151,1286,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3D68C6BAF8F5" ID-CoL="967K7" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,467,1834,1858]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3D68C63AF8F5" box="[151,339,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castnia humboldti</emphasis>
f.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEB33D68C6BAF8F5" box="[367,467,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">rufolimba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE3C3D68C50DF8F5" author="Strand, E." box="[480,612,1834,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDB23D68C5EAF8F5" bold="true" box="[622,643,1834,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD153D68C328F8F5" bold="true" box="[713,1089,1833,1858]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
, p. 8., pl. 1, fig. c1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD1FF4B3D0BC333FDD6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3D0BC668F8C8" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3D0BC69AF8D7" box="[151,499,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei" subGenus="Phaeosema">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3D0BC673F8D7" box="[151,282,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castniomera</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEF73D0AC6C9F8D7" box="[299,416,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Phaeosema</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FE6E3D0AC69AF8D7" box="[434,499,1864,1888]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FDDE3D0AC5CBF8D6" author="Houlbert, C." box="[514,674,1864,1889]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD723D08C4FFF8D7" bold="true" box="[686,918,1864,1891]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 63, 213, 680, 721, pl. CDXLIII, figs. 3789– 3790.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3DC4C79DF80B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3DC4C60AF829" box="[151,355,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3DC4C60AF829" box="[151,355,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castniomera drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FEAD3DC4C698F829" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[369,497,1926,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FE233DC4C57DF829" bold="true" box="[511,532,1926,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD5C3DC4C212F829" bold="true" box="[640,1403,1926,1950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FCCC3DC4C4EEF829" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[784,903,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FC483DC4C360F829" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[916,1033,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FB0E3DC4C212F829" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." box="[1234,1403,1926,1950]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, p. 135.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF4B3D86C403F86C" blockId="9.[151,1437,1803,2011]" box="[151,874,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF4B3D86C6AAF86C" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,451,1987,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3D86C6AAF86C" box="[151,451,1987,2011]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Castniomera atymnius drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE0C3D86C53DF86C" author="Lamas, G." box="[464,596,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDBC3D81C44AF86C" bold="true" box="[608,803,1987,2011]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDBC3D81C46DF86D" bold="true" box="[608,772,1987,2010]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Revta. Per. Ent.</emphasis>
37
</emphasis>
, p. 80.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD1FF4B3AF8C333FDD6" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF4B3AF8C6E8FF62" bold="true" box="[151,385,186,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">General comments.</emphasis>
This Central American subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FCEA3AF9C4D1FF63" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[822,952,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FCEA3AF9C4D1FF63" box="[822,952,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs greatly from the rest of the known subspecies since both males and females have an orange base-color on their dorsal hindwing. Both sexes have a dorsal forewing pattern similar to most
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD883B41C5BCFEAB" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[596,725,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD883B41C5BCFEAB" box="[596,725,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies, they are also sexually dimorphic.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FB023B41C7B6FEF6" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FB023B41C7B6FEF6" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Telchin atymnius drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described (as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE1C3B65C503FEF6" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[448,618,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FE1C3B65C503FEF6" box="[448,618,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Castnia drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by Schaus based on at least a male and a female from four different locations in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FEFC3B09C6F3FED2" box="[288,410,331,357]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FE743B09C553FED2" author="Schaus W." box="[424,570,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="173 - 193" refId="ref28493" refString="Schaus W. (1911) New species of Heterocera from Costa Rica. V. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 7 (38), 173 - 193. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222931108692920" type="journal article" year="1911">Schaus 1911</bibRefCitation>
; González 2024). It has been confused with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FBF63B09C312FED2" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1066,1147,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBF63B09C312FED2" box="[1066,1147,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by some authors in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FA803B09C7A3FE3E" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FF063B2DC61AFE3E" author="LAICA" box="[218,371,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">LAICA 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FEA33B2DC533FE3E" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[383,602,367,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FDB13B2DC463FE3E" author="Lamas, G." box="[621,778,366,393]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
considered it to be a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FB423B2DC2F5FE3F" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1182,1436,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FB423B2DC2F5FE3F" box="[1182,1436,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Castniomera atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF7D3BD1C65CFE1B" box="[161,309,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
=
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FF6D3BD1C65CFE1B" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[177,309,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">T. atymnius</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). It is vaguely similar to
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD893BD1C4E4FE1A" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[597,909,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="humboldti">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD893BD1C4E4FE1A" box="[597,909,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Telchin atymnius humboldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, since the base color of the dorsal hindwing is reddish-orange; however, the whitish discal band of the dorsal hindwing starts after the final vein of the discal cell, whereas in
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FECB3B99C6A9FE42" box="[279,448,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE923B99C6A9FE42" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[334,448,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
it starts from the costal margin (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FCF73B99C371FE42" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[811,1048,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FC413B99C4BFFE42" box="[925,982,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FBFF3B99C20CFE42" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[1059,1381,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FAAD3B99C6F5FDAE" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEC33BBDC631FDAE" box="[287,344,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Some authors have reported this subspecies in South America, but they are probably very reddish
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF333861C6FEFD8A" box="[239,407,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FEF93861C6FEFD8A" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[293,407,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FDC23861C460FD8A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[542,777,547,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD533861C5AFFD8A" box="[655,710,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). To assess the limits between subspecies, a study involving a broad review of specimens of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE213805C514FDD7" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[509,637,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FE213805C514FDD7" box="[509,637,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FD1E3805C471FDD6" box="[706,792,583,609]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to South America is needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325BFFD1FF1B3829C6C3FA2A" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD1FF1B3829C468FC5A" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF1B3829C6BFFD33" bold="true" box="[199,470,618,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Citizen scientists have posted photographs of this subspecies in iNaturalist (2023), showing it associated with different species of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD6838CDC44BFD1E" box="[692,802,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD6838CDC44BFD1E" box="[692,802,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heliconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FCEF38CDC4B1FD1E" box="[819,984,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
), with some females ovipositing on the lower part of the plants close to the ground, as reported for
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FC9538F1C412FD7B" box="[841,891,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. a.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FC5938F1C3D3FD7A" authority="(Garcia-Diaz 2022 a)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[901,1210,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FC5938F1C4ACFD7A" box="[901,965,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">futilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FC0938F1C3DBFD7A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[981,1202,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Kirby Wolfe (pers. comm.) recorded
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FEBF3895C5B7FD46" authority="Vell., 1827" authorityName="Vell." authorityYear="1827" box="[355,734,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="episcopalis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEBF3895C530FD46" box="[355,601,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heliconia episcopalis</emphasis>
Vell., 1827
</taxonomicName>
as its host plant in Santiago, Puriscal,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FB7F3895C263FD46" box="[1187,1290,727,753]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">San José</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FAC43895C2F1FD46" box="[1304,1432,727,753]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; while the second author (B. Espinoza) recorded
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD1C38B9C304FCA2" authority="Ruiz &amp; Pav., 1802" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." authorityYear="1802" box="[704,1133,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD1C38B9C4F9FCA3" box="[704,912,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heliconia rostrata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pav., 1802
</taxonomicName>
as its host in Concepción, San Rafael,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FEF4395DC6EDFC8E" box="[296,388,799,825]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heredia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FE4E395DC57DFC8E" box="[402,532,799,825]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. Gernot Kunz (pers. comm.) has observed males and females flying together during the day (mainly around noon) in three different locations in the canton of Golfito,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FB533901C264FCEA" box="[1167,1293,835,861]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FAC53901C2F1FCEA" box="[1305,1432,835,861]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; he mentions that the males are territorial and perch on leaves or branches of heliconias or other plants close to their hosts, possibly waiting for passing females to court and follow and eventually to mate; females are slower flyers than males, they are not territorial, and are often observed hovering around their host plants near the ground before ovipositing, similar to
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FE493991C6ACFC5B" box="[405,453,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. a.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE103991C594FC5A" authority="(Garcia-Diaz 2022 a)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[460,765,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FE103991C565FC5A" box="[460,524,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">futilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FDC63991C59FFC5A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[538,758,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD1FF1B39B5C6E3FB72" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
Studies of population dynamics carried out in two sugarcane farms of the Quebrada Azul Sugar Mill in San Carlos,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FF323E59C639FB82" box="[238,336,1051,1077]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FE813E59C6B2FB82" box="[349,475,1051,1077]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FDD03E59C425FB82" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. &amp; Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A." box="[524,844,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
Salazar-Blanco
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD633E59C590FB82" box="[703,761,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FC593E59C3C6FB82" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R." box="[901,1199,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
Cadet-Piedra
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBFC3E59C33AFB82" box="[1056,1107,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
. (2019)
</bibRefCitation>
, concluded that
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FAB63E59C7B6FBEE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FF4B3E7DC7B6FBEE" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,223,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEC93E7DC6E5FBEE" box="[277,396,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE903E7DC6E5FBEE" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[332,396,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
fly together. Here, both subspecies are bivoltine with a small emergence of adults in March– May and a second larger emergence during September–November. Larger numbers of adults of both subspecies were collected when rainfall was low, temperature was above 25°C and the relative humidity was below 90% (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FF423EE9C65EFB72" author="LAICA" box="[158,311,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref26361" refString="LAICA (2016) Informe de resultados 2015. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, March 2016, pp. 26 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2016">LAICA 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FE9E3EE9C616FB72" author="LAICA" box="[322,383,1195,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD1FF1B3E8DC6C3FA2A" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FF1B3E8DC69EFB5E" author="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J." box="[199,503,1231,1257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refId="ref23969" refString="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J. (2007) Butterflies and Moths of Costa Rica. INBIO Press, San Jose, 366 pp." type="book" year="2007">Chacón &amp; Montero (2007)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated a final instar larva resembling that of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FBF43E8DC7B2FABA" authority="(Burmeister, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Burmeister" baseAuthorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Paysandisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="archon">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBF43E8DC261FB5E" box="[1064,1288,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Paysandisia archon</emphasis>
(Burmeister, 1880)
</taxonomicName>
, showing the patterns characteristic of larvae of the family (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FC5C3EB1C363FABA" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[896,1034,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FBCA3EB1C3F7FABA" author="EPPO" box="[1046,1182,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="363 - 368" refId="ref24182" refString="EPPO (2011) Paysandisia archon. Bulletin OEPP / EPPO Bulletin, 41 (3), 363 - 368. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2338.2011.02503. x" type="journal article" year="2011">EPPO 2011</bibRefCitation>
). The thoracic legs are distinctive, the body is creamy-white except for the sclerotized head capsule and sections of the pronotum, having scattered setae on the thorax and abdominal segments, and small dorsal patches of spinules are also observed in the abdominal segments. However,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FE223F1DC440FACE" author="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J." box="[510,809,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refId="ref23969" refString="Chacon, I. &amp; Montero, J. (2007) Butterflies and Moths of Costa Rica. INBIO Press, San Jose, 366 pp." type="book" year="2007">Chacón &amp; Montero (2007)</bibRefCitation>
did not mention the host plants and did not describe the life cycle of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEF83FC1C6CAFA2A" box="[292,419,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FE873FC1C6CAFA2A" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[347,419,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325BFFD0FF1B3FE4C646FF62" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325BFFD0FF1B3FE4C646FF62" blockId="10.[151,1437,186,2013]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF1B3FE4C528FA77" bold="true" box="[199,577,1446,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
This subspecies has been reported from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FBCA3FE5C3FDFA76" box="[1046,1172,1447,1473]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FB7E3FE5C397FA76" box="[1186,1278,1447,1473]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Panama</collectingCountry>
, northwestern South America, and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FE583F89C6A1FA52" box="[388,456,1483,1509]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FE063F89C46EFA52" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Salazar, J. A." box="[474,775,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="47 - 56" refId="ref26050" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Salazar, J. A. (2003) Adicion a la lista de Castnidos (Lepidoptera: Castniidae: Castniinae) conocidos de Colombia. Boletin Cientifico del Museo de Historia Natural, Manizales, 7, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2003">González &amp; Salazar 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FCC93F89C363FA52" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[789,1034,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FC553F89C4ADFA52" box="[905,964,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FBCB3F89C20BFA52" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[1047,1378,1483,1509]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FAAD3F89C6F7F9BE" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEFC3FADC630F9BE" box="[288,345,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
); however, the South American records are possibly very reddish
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FB5A3FADC3A7F9BE" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[1158,1230,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FB5A3FADC3A7F9BE" box="[1158,1230,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-like specimens of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FF4B3C51C62BF99A" box="[151,322,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FF0C3C51C62BF99A" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[208,322,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, or incorrectly labeled specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FD103C51C4D4F99A" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[716,957,1555,1581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FCE33C51C411F99A" box="[831,888,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
). The confusion between subspecies in the literature and the lack of taxonomic and distributional limits between subspecies make it difficult to understand the group. Based on specimens in collections and data from iNaturalist (2023),
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBCF3C19C3FAF9C2" box="[1043,1171,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FB973C19C3FAF9C2" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[1099,1171,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be easily separated from other
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FEC83C3DC6FAF92F" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[276,403,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEC83C3DC6FAF92F" box="[276,403,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">T. atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subspecies. It appears that
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325BFFD1FD1E3C3DC463F92E" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[706,778,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD1E3C3DC463F92E" box="[706,778,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the Pacific slope of
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FB533C3DC261F92E" box="[1167,1288,1663,1689]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and northern
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FF4B3CE1C79AF90A" box="[151,243,1699,1725]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Panama</collectingCountry>
. Based on
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FEB53CE1C5CEF90A" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[361,679,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FDC33CE1C53FF90A" box="[543,598,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FD073CE1C49FF90A" author="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[731,1014,1699,1725]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref26963" refString="Maes, J. M. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2022) Ampliacion geografica de Corybantes veraguana veraguana (Westwood, 1877) y Athis clitarcha (Westwood, 1977) para la fauna de Nicaragua (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia, 274, 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7200048" type="journal article" year="2022">Maes &amp; González (2022)</bibRefCitation>
, this taxon has not been reported from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FF4B3C85C663F956" box="[151,266,1735,1761]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FEF13C85C6F7F956" box="[301,414,1735,1761]" name="Honduras" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Honduras</collectingCountry>
.According to the biogeographic provinces proposed by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325BFFD1FBD03C85C394F956" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[1036,1277,1735,1761]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FBA83C85C3C2F956" box="[1140,1195,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, in
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this subspecies flies mostly in localities that belong to the Puntarenas-Chiriquí province of the Pacific dominion and the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, both in the Brazilian subregion. In northern
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FF4B3D71C67CF8FA" box="[151,277,1843,1869]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, it has been recorded in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca province. This taxon has been reported from the following provinces and cantons:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD343D14C43EF8C7" bold="true" box="[744,855,1878,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FD343D14C43BF8C7" box="[744,850,1878,1904]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Alajuela, Atenas,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325BFFD1FBF43D15C31FF8C6" box="[1064,1142,1879,1905]" name="Greece" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Grecia</collectingCountry>
, Orotina, San Carlos, San Mateo, San Ramón;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FEA73D38C68EF823" bold="true" box="[379,487,1914,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FEA73D38C688F823" box="[379,481,1914,1940]" country="Greece" name="Cartago" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Cartago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
La Unión;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FDB93D38C592F823" bold="true" box="[613,763,1914,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FDB93D38C59CF823" box="[613,757,1914,1940]" country="Greece" name="Guanacaste" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Abangares, Hojancha, Nicoya, Santa Cruz;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FB383D38C227F823" bold="true" box="[1252,1358,1914,1940]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FB383D38C221F823" box="[1252,1352,1914,1940]" country="Greece" name="Heredia" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Heredia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Belén, San Rafael, Santa Bárbara, Santo Domingo;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FD783DDCC594F80E" bold="true" box="[676,765,1950,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FD783DDCC591F80E" box="[676,760,1950,1977]" country="Greece" name="Limon" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Limón</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Pococí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FCBB3DDDC490F80E" bold="true" box="[871,1017,1951,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FCBB3DDDC49DF80E" box="[871,1012,1951,1977]" country="Greece" name="Puntarenas" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Aguirre, Buenos Aires, Corredores, Coto Brus, Garabito, Golfito, Osa, Puntarenas, Quepos;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325BFFD1FCCB3D80C4E0F86A" bold="true" box="[791,905,1986,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325BFFD1FCCB3D80C4EDF86A" box="[791,900,1986,2013]" country="Greece" name="San Jose" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">San José</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Acosta, Alajuelita, Curridabat, Desamparados, Escazú, Goicoechea, Mora, Moravia, Pérez Zeledón, Puriscal, San José, Santa Ana, Tarrazú, Turrubares, Vázquez de Coronado.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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650
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3924C5F8FC37" blockId="8.[151,775,870,933]" box="[151,657,870,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<heading id="FC3381AE3259FFD3FF4B3924C5F8FC37" bold="true" box="[151,657,870,897]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" reason="1">
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4.
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF693924C6BBFC36" bold="true" box="[181,466,870,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius futilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE3D3924C5E1FC37" author="Walker, F." box="[481,648,870,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1509 - 1808" refId="ref29069" refString="Walker, F. (1856) s. n. In: List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum. Vol. 7. E. Newman, London, pp. i - [iv] + 1509 - 1808." type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B39C9C46EFC12" blockId="8.[151,775,870,933]" box="[151,775,907,933]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473259FFD3FF4339C9C65BFC12" box="[159,306,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[165,1431,183,1788]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[152,1435,181,1794]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. A–B: Telchin atymnius futilis; A: ♂, Alajuela, Cariblanco, Cuesta Angel, 15-V-82, R. Canet, 750m, INBIOCRI001055978 (MNCR); B: ♀, Prov. Alajuela, San Ramón, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca, Send. Higuerón, 1115m, 18MAY- 6JUN 2009, R. Rojas, Colecta libre, L_N_242482_483371, # 97580, INB0004223743, MNCR-A4223743 (MNCR); C–D: Telchin atymnius drucei; C: ♂, Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, 5–14 Aug 1978, D. H. Janzen, INBIOCRI002607807, MNCR-A2607807 (MNCR); D: ♀, Prov. Heredia, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBio. 1100m, 30 OCT 2001, J. Montero, Manual, L_N_217300_526200. #64940, INB0003380476, MNCR-A3380476 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749643/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Figs. 2A, 2B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473259FFD3FEE239C9C6CBFC12" box="[318,418,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-267@26.[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C: Telchin evalthe tica; A: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 03-IV-2008 (photo: Steven Daniel); B: ♂, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 27-V-2022 (photo: Randall Jiménez); C: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 12-VII-2008 (photo: Gernot Kunz); D–E: Telchin licus microsticta; D: ♀, Alajuela, San Ramón, 22-IV-2020 (photo: Gustavo Orozco); E: ♂, San Carlos, Alajuela, 29-V-2023 (photo: Colin Allen); F–G: Telchin atymnius drucei; F: ♂, Golfito, Puntarenas, 18-I-2022 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); G: ♀, Puriscal, San José, 31-VIII-2022 (photo: Kirby Wolfe); H–I: Telchin atymnius futilis; H: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 16-I-2020 (photo: Alexandre Terrigeol); I: ♀, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-II-2022 (photo: Kyle Horner)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749668/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">11H, 11I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473259FFD3FE7139C9C6B7FC12" box="[429,478,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,421,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-122@29.[152,1435,417,1301]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution maps of the genus Telchin in Costa Rica. A: T. atymnius futilis; B: T. atymnius drucei; C: T. evalthe tica; D: T. licus microsticta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749674/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">13A</figureCitation>
) (BIN: BOLD:AAC9188)
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3992C6DFFC50" ID-CoL="RQLZ" authority="Walker, 1856" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,438,975,999]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3992C64FFC50" box="[151,294,975,999]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia futilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEF0398DC6DFFC50" author="Walker, F." box="[300,438,975,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1509 - 1808" refId="ref29069" refString="Walker, F. (1856) s. n. In: List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum. Vol. 7. E. Newman, London, pp. i - [iv] + 1509 - 1808." type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE1C398DC523FC50" author="Walker, F." box="[448,586,975,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1509 - 1808" refId="ref29069" refString="Walker, F. (1856) s. n. In: List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum. Vol. 7. E. Newman, London, pp. i - [iv] + 1509 - 1808." type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD8F398DC492FC50" bold="true" box="[595,1019,975,999]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">List Spec. Lepid. Coll. Brit. Mus. Vol. 7</emphasis>
, p. 1581.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B39ACC22EFBB1" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1351,1005,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B39ACC69CFBB1" ID-CoL="967LM" authority="Boisduval, [1875]" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,501,1006,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salasia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B39ACC65DFBB1" box="[151,308,1006,1030]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia salasia</emphasis>
Boisduval, [1875]
</taxonomicName>
; Boisduval, [1875].
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD1E39AFC39CFBB1" bold="true" box="[706,1269,1005,1030]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Spec. Gén. des Lép. Hét. Tome 1: Sphin., Sesi., Cast.</emphasis>
, p. 529.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493259FFD2FF4B3E4FC6BBFE42" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3E4FC314FB92" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1149,1036,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3E4FC63AFB93" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,339,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3E4FC63AFB93" box="[151,339,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia humboldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FEB33E4EC6BEFB93" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[367,471,1036,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneata">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FEB33E4EC6BEFB93" box="[367,471,1036,1060]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">brunneata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE383E4EC501FB92" author="Strand, E." box="[484,616,1036,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDAE3E4EC5EEFB93" bold="true" box="[626,647,1036,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD113E4EC32CFB93" bold="true" box="[717,1093,1036,1061]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
, p. 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3E6EC31BFBF4" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1138,1067,1091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3E6EC62EFBF4" box="[151,327,1068,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3E6EC62EFBF4" box="[151,327,1068,1091]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FEBF3E69C6A2FBF4" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[355,459,1067,1091]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defasciata">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FEBF3E69C6A2FBF4" box="[355,459,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">defasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE053E69C534FBF4" author="Strand, E." box="[473,605,1067,1091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDBB3E69C515FBF4" bold="true" box="[615,636,1067,1091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD1E3E69C353FBF4" bold="true" box="[706,1082,1067,1091]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
, p. 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3E08C4B2FBD5" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,987,1097,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3E08C65DFBD5" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,308,1098,1122]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salasia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3E08C65DFBD5" box="[151,308,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia salasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE9E3E08C6ACFBD5" author="Strand, E." box="[322,453,1098,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE0C3E08C68CFBD5" bold="true" box="[464,485,1098,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDF63E08C4CBFBD5" bold="true" box="[554,930,1097,1122]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
, p. 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3E2BC2E0FB37" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1417,1128,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3E2BC69DFB37" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[151,500,1128,1153]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salasia" subGenus="Phaeosema">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3E2BC673FB37" box="[151,282,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FEF53E2AC6F7FB37" box="[297,414,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Phaeosema</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE703E2AC69DFB37" box="[428,500,1128,1152]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">salasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDDE3E2AC5F7FB36" author="Houlbert, C." box="[514,670,1128,1153]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD743E28C4E1FB37" bold="true" box="[680,904,1128,1155]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 63, 209, 679, 707, 726, pl. CDXLI, fig. 3785.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3ECAC31BFB28" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,1138,1159,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3ECAC6E1FB28" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,392,1159,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defasciata">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3ECAC6E1FB28" box="[151,392,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera defasciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE493EC5C559FB28" author="Apolinar, M." box="[405,560,1159,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="322 - 327" refId="ref23550" refString="Apolinar, M. (1945) Miscelanea entomologica y Catalogo sistematico, sinonimico y geografico de los insectos del genero Carabus. Revista de la Academia colombiana de Ciencias exactas, fisicas y naturales, 6 (22 / 23), 322 - 327, 3 pls." type="journal article" year="1945">Apolinar, 1945</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDE63EC5C376FB28" bold="true" box="[570,1055,1159,1183]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Rev. Ac. Col. Cienc. Ex., Fis &amp; Nat. 6 (22–23)</emphasis>
, p. 322.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3EE4C622FB6B" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3EE4C6D6FB09" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,447,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3EE4C6D6FB09" box="[151,447,1190,1214]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera atymnius futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE113EE4C525FB09" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[461,588,1190,1214]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD863EE4C506FB09" bold="true" box="[602,623,1190,1214]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD073EE4C791FB6A" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FCB73EE4C48BFB09" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[875,994,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FC323EE4C30AFB09" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[1006,1123,1190,1214]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FAF03EE4C791FB6A" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, p. 135.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3EA6C400FB4C" blockId="8.[151,1437,975,1275]" box="[151,873,1251,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF4B3EA6C6D5FB4C" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[151,444,1251,1275]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3EA6C6D5FB4C" box="[151,444,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera atymnius futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE153EA6C524FB4C" author="Lamas, G." box="[457,589,1251,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD853EA1C44BFB4C" bold="true" box="[601,802,1251,1275]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 80.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF4B3F6BC459F978" blockId="8.[151,1437,1321,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3F6BC614FAF4" bold="true" box="[151,381,1321,1347]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">General comments.</emphasis>
Currently,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE2A3F6BC40CFAF3" authority="(Dalman, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[502,869,1321,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE2A3F6BC5D8FAF4" box="[502,689,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius</emphasis>
(Dalman, 1825)
</taxonomicName>
includes seven subspecies,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB4F3F68C26FFAF4" box="[1171,1286,1321,1347]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FB1A3F6BC26FFAF4" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[1222,1286,1321,1347]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
being the one with the northernmost distribution, occurring in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FD713F0FC46AFAD0" box="[685,771,1357,1383]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and throughout Central America (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBA03F0FC260FADF" author="Lamas, G." box="[1148,1289,1357,1384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FACF3F0FC788FA3C" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF2E3F33C69FFA3C" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[242,502,1393,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF2E3F33C69FFA3C" box="[242,502,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described (as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD1B3F30C40DFA3C" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[711,868,1393,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD1B3F30C40DFA3C" box="[711,868,1393,1420]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FC6D3F33C34DFA3C" box="[945,1060,1393,1419]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBED3F33C3A5FA3B" author="Walker, F." box="[1073,1228,1393,1420]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1509 - 1808" refId="ref29069" refString="Walker, F. (1856) s. n. In: List of specimens of lepidopterous insects in the collections of the British Museum. Vol. 7. E. Newman, London, pp. i - [iv] + 1509 - 1808." type="book chapter" year="1856">Walker, 1856</bibRefCitation>
). The taxa
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FA993F30C6BDFA07" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salasia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FA993F30C78FFA18" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia salasia</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE3F3FD4C5DEFA18" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[483,695,1429,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE3F3FD4C5DEFA18" box="[483,695,1429,1456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia humboldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD003FD7C496FA18" authority="(Strand, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[732,1023,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneata">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD003FD7C426FA18" box="[732,847,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">brunneata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCBE3FD7C49EFA18" author="Strand, E." box="[866,1015,1429,1455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FBE13FD4C26AFA18" box="[1085,1283,1430,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FBE13FD4C26AFA18" box="[1085,1283,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castnia atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FAF53FD7C653FA64" authority="(Strand, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Strand" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defasciata">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FAF53FD7C2F5FA18" box="[1321,1436,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">defasciata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FF433FFBC65BFA64" author="Strand, E." box="[159,306,1465,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, were described later from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FDB53FFBC5A8FA64" box="[617,705,1465,1491]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FD103FFBC455FA64" box="[716,828,1465,1491]" name="Honduras" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FCAA3FF8C4A6FA63" box="[886,975,1466,1492]" name="Panama" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Panama</collectingCountry>
respectively, but were synonymized with
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF4B3F9CC666FA40" box="[151,271,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FF133F9FC666FA40" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[207,271,1501,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEE63F9CC6B3FA4F" author="Lamas, G." box="[314,474,1501,1528]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
. This subspecies is one of the best-represented castniids in entomological collections, due to its status as a pest of some crops and ornamentals (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCF53C43C4ABF9AC" author="LAICA" box="[809,962,1537,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref26361" refString="LAICA (2016) Informe de resultados 2015. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, March 2016, pp. 26 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2016">LAICA 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FC123C43C360F9AC" author="LAICA" box="[974,1033,1537,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBCA3C43C22CF9AC" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. &amp; Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A." box="[1046,1349,1537,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
Salazar-Blanco
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB153C40C26BF9AC" box="[1225,1282,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FA8E3C43C635F988" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R." pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
Cadet-Piedra
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FF383C64C672F988" box="[228,283,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEBA3C67C536F988" author="Lugo-Cruz, E. &amp; Rivero-Bautista, N. &amp; Sanchez-Soto, S. &amp; Osorio-Osorio, R. &amp; Romero-Napoles, J." box="[358,607,1573,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref26805" refString="Lugo-Cruz, E., Rivero-Bautista, N. del, Sanchez-Soto, S., Osorio-Osorio, R. &amp; Romero-Napoles, J. (2020) Insectos fitofagos asociados a cultivos de heliconias (Heliconia spp.) en Tabasco, Mexico. AgroProductividad, 13 (2), 31 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.32854 / agrop. vi. 1582" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lugo-Cruz
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE3B3C64C577F988" box="[487,542,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDB53C67C428F988" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[617,833,1573,1599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FC8E3C67C33AF988" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[850,1107,1573,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FC8E3C67C33AF988" box="[850,1107,1573,1599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, like most species/subspecies in the genus, is sexually dimorphic. Females tend to be larger than males and have more rounded forewings; more importantly, females have a band of subapical spots on the forewing that is absent or very faint in males, the creamy-white diagonal band that goes from the mid costa to the anal margin also tends to be more marked and wider than in males (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FED83CF7C6C2F978" author="Houlbert, C." box="[260,427,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert 1918</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE6B3CF7C556F978" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[439,575,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FD973CF7C44DF978" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[587,804,1717,1743]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD3FF1B3C98C2F3F8E8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1321,2032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
Even though
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FEBC3C98C6B5F944" box="[352,476,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE403C9BC6B5F944" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[412,476,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDCA3C98C5F0F944" box="[534,665,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD8D3C9BC5F0F944" box="[593,665,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, are easily distinguished from each other and from other species in the genus, they have been confused in various works (and in iNaturalist) with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FBCE3CBCC30AF8A0" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[1042,1123,1789,1815]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FBCE3CBCC30AF8A0" box="[1042,1123,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">T. licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FBAF3CBFC264F8A0" author="LAICA" box="[1139,1293,1789,1815]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref26361" refString="LAICA (2016) Informe de resultados 2015. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, March 2016, pp. 26 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2016">LAICA 2016</bibRefCitation>
; José Daniel Salazar, pers. comm.). Curiously, both subspecies fly together in some sugar cane plantations in the country (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FA9A3D63C7BBF8E8" author="LAICA" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">LAICA 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FF023D07C560F8E8" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. &amp; Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A." box="[222,521,1861,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
Salazar-Blanco
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE533D04C6A1F8E8" box="[399,456,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDC93D07C441F8E8" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R." box="[533,808,1861,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
Cadet-Piedra
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FD723D04C58EF8E8" box="[686,743,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FCE83D07C362F8E8" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[820,1035,1861,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
; José Daniel Salazar, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23259FFD2FF2B3D2BC6BBFE42" blockId="8.[151,1437,1321,2032]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1617]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
Besides
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE8F3D28C6ACF834" box="[339,453,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE593D2BC6ACF834" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[389,453,1897,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FE2B3D28C518F834" box="[503,625,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FDF53D2BC518F834" box="[553,625,1897,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FDA03D2BC3E4F833" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[636,1165,1897,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="humboldti">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FDA03D2BC4C7F834" box="[636,942,1897,1923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Telchin atymnius humboldti</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</taxonomicName>
has been also mentioned in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FF683DCFC658F810" box="[180,305,1933,1959]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FEE73DCCC6ACF810" author="Lara, F." box="[315,453,1933,1960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="128 - 134" refId="ref26486" refString="Lara, F. (1964 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. I. Morphology. Turrialba, 14 (3), 128 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Lara (1964a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FE0C3DCFC570F810" author="Lara, F." box="[464,537,1933,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="188 - 195" refId="ref26526" refString="Lara, F. (1964 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. II. Bionomics. Turrialba, 14 (4), 188 - 195." type="journal article" year="1964">1964b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDF83DCFC536F81F" author="Lara, F." box="[548,607,1933,1960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="99 - 102" refId="ref26566" refString="Lara, F. (1965) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. III. Rhythms and Ecology. Turrialba, 15 (2), 99 - 102." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FDB53DCFC5D8F810" author="Lara, F." box="[617,689,1933,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref26607" refString="Lara, F. (1966 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. IV. Sampling method. Turrialba, 16 (1), 29 - 32." type="journal article" year="1966">1966a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333259FFD3FD673DCFC46BF810" author="Lara, F." box="[699,770,1933,1959]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" pagination="136 - 138" refId="ref26648" refString="Lara, F. (1966 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. V. Cultural control. Turrialba, 16 (2), 136 - 138." type="journal article" year="1966">1966b</bibRefCitation>
) did a very thorough study about “
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FB5B3DCCC2F9F810" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1159,1424,1933,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FB5B3DCCC2F9F810" box="[1159,1424,1933,1960]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Castniomera humboldti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” affecting
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FED83DF0C610F87B" box="[260,377,1970,1996]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03259FFD3FED83DF0C62BF87C" box="[260,322,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Musa</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FE563DF3C694F87C" box="[394,509,1969,1995]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
) plantations in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413259FFD3FD6E3DF0C4E9F87C" authority="Valley" authorityName="Valley" box="[690,896,1969,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Lycorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="estrella">La Estrella Valley</taxonomicName>
, in
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203259FFD3FC703DF3C30FF87C" box="[940,1126,1969,1995]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Limón province</collectingRegion>
, on the Caribbean slope of
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523259FFD3FF4B3D97C671F858" box="[151,280,2005,2031]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. Lara described the adults and the life cycle of this taxon and provided ecological, behavioral, and management information about the pest, as well as details of collecting methods. After a thorough literature review,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF4B3AF9C629FF62" box="[151,320,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF123AF9C629FF62" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[206,320,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(as a species or subspecies) has not been recorded as being collected in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FBBC3AF9C3B3FF62" box="[1120,1242,187,213]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
by other authors. After analyzing
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE923A9DC69BFF4E" author="Lara, F." box="[334,498,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="128 - 134" refId="ref26486" refString="Lara, F. (1964 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. I. Morphology. Turrialba, 14 (3), 128 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Lara’s (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
description and drawings of the male and female of the specimens he collected, his description and drawings are similar to that of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD7A3B41C476FEAA" box="[678,799,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD033B41C476FEAA" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[735,799,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, which, as stated above, is known to be present in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FA803B41C7A7FEF6" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FF073B65C607FEF6" author="Lara, F." box="[219,366,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="128 - 134" refId="ref26486" refString="Lara, F. (1964 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. I. Morphology. Turrialba, 14 (3), 128 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Lara (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
mentions that he sent voucher specimens to the British Museum (NHMUK) to be identified. Unfortunately, after a thorough curation of the
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD773B09C448FED2" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[683,801,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
collection in NHMUK by one of us (RW), that voucher couple was not found. Thus, we are unable to corroborate the subspecies name by examining this research material. However, the evidence and descriptive details provided by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FCE33BD1C4A5FE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[831,972,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="128 - 134" refId="ref26486" refString="Lara, F. (1964 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. I. Morphology. Turrialba, 14 (3), 128 - 134." type="journal article" year="1964">Lara (1964a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FC063BD1C34AFE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[986,1059,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="188 - 195" refId="ref26526" refString="Lara, F. (1964 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. II. Bionomics. Turrialba, 14 (4), 188 - 195." type="journal article" year="1964">1964b</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FBEC3BD0C302FE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[1072,1131,402,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="99 - 102" refId="ref26566" refString="Lara, F. (1965) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. III. Rhythms and Ecology. Turrialba, 15 (2), 99 - 102." type="journal article" year="1965">1965</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FBA43BD1C3A9FE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[1144,1216,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="29 - 32" refId="ref26607" refString="Lara, F. (1966 a) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. IV. Sampling method. Turrialba, 16 (1), 29 - 32." type="journal article" year="1966">1966a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FB113BD1C27EFE1A" author="Lara, F." box="[1229,1303,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="136 - 138" refId="ref26648" refString="Lara, F. (1966 b) The banana stalk borer Castniomera humboldti (Boisduval) in La Estrella Valley, Costa Rica. V. Cultural control. Turrialba, 16 (2), 136 - 138." type="journal article" year="1966">1966b</bibRefCitation>
), lead us to believe that he was working with
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDCC3BF5C5EEFE66" box="[528,647,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD9B3BF5C5EEFE66" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[583,647,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, and not
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD323BF5C4FEFE66" box="[750,919,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FCF93BF5C4FEFE66" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[805,919,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">humboldti</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Thus, we confirm herein that this latter taxon is not present in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FE8C3B99C6A7FE42" box="[336,462,475,501]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD2FF1B3BBDC33BFBA6" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF1B3BBDC33BFBA6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF1B3BBDC6B8FDAF" bold="true" box="[199,465,510,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Several works have focused on the ecology and behavior of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FB5F3BBDC228FDAF" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1155,1345,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atymnius">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FB5F3BBDC228FDAF" box="[1155,1345,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Telchin atymnius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, mostly associated with its status as a pest on certain ornamentals and crops.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FCAA3861C332FD8A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[886,1115,547,573]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz (2022a)</bibRefCitation>
studied Mexican populations of the species, recording nine hosts, seven of which were in the genus
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FC433805C364FDD6" box="[927,1037,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC433805C364FDD6" box="[927,1037,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Heliconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L., 1771 (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FBA33805C24CFDD6" box="[1151,1317,583,609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
). Based on bibliographic sources,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE443829C5E9FD32" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[408,640,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz (2022a)</bibRefCitation>
found that
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FCDF3829C414FD32" box="[771,893,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FCE13829C414FD32" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[829,893,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has not been reported on bananas and plantains (as other ssp.) and confirmed that it is frequently reported as a pest in sugarcane plantations in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FB6538CDC25EFD1E" box="[1209,1335,655,681]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FA9D38CDC613FD7A" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. &amp; Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A." pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
Salazar-Blanco
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF3338F1C641FD7A" box="[239,296,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE6F38F1C5B0FD7A" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R." box="[435,729,691,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
Cadet-Piedra
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD9138F1C5EFFD7A" box="[589,646,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
(2019)
</bibRefCitation>
conducted studies into the population dynamics of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FAFE38F1C2F4FD7A" box="[1314,1437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FA8938F1C2F4FD7A" box="[1365,1437,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF143895C62AFD46" box="[200,323,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FEDF3895C62AFD46" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[259,323,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in two sugarcane farms of the Quebrada Azul Sugar Mill (Peje Viejo and Murillo) in San Carlos,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FF4B38B9C790FCA2" box="[151,249,763,789]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FEDA38B9C6EFFCA2" box="[262,390,763,789]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. They concluded that the population dynamics of both subspecies are closely related to the phenology of the crop, highlighting that both are bivoltine and adults are frequently sighted during March–May, and September–November. Likewise, they observed that more adults were collected when the rains decreased, the temperature exceeded 25°C and the relative humidity was below 90% (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FC733925C32EFC36" author="LAICA" box="[943,1095,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="26 - 48" refId="ref26361" refString="LAICA (2016) Informe de resultados 2015. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, March 2016, pp. 26 - 48." type="book chapter" year="2016">LAICA 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FB8E3925C3E6FC36" author="LAICA" box="[1106,1167,871,897]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
). As noted in iNaturalist (2023),
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FF2D39C9C527FC12" authority="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" box="[241,590,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostrata">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF2D39C9C6A8FC13" box="[241,449,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Heliconia rostrata</emphasis>
Ruiz &amp; Pav
</taxonomicName>
and other
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD1439C9C40EFC12" box="[712,871,907,933]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
are hosts of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC2639C9C31DFC12" box="[1018,1140,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FBE839C9C31DFC12" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[1076,1140,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Adults of this subspecies are diurnal, flying mainly on sunny days but might fly on cloudy ones too, males are territorial, and their flight is fast, straight, and a little erratic (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FDD93991C588FC5A" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[517,737,979,1005]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
). Females are not fast flyers and have been observed hovering above ground close to the base of their hosts before ovipositing (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FCB739B5C32FFBA6" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[875,1094,1015,1041]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493258FFD2FF1B3E58C2F0F9E6" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF1B3E58C4A8FAE2" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FF1B3E58C528FB83" bold="true" box="[199,577,1050,1077]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD953E59C438FB82" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[585,849,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD953E59C438FB82" box="[585,849,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Telchin atymnius futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FBB33E59C3ACFB82" box="[1135,1221,1051,1077]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FB303E59C22CFB82" box="[1260,1349,1051,1077]" name="Panama" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FA883E59C7BBFBEE" author="Miller, J. Y." pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FF003E7DC60AFBEE" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[220,355,1086,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FEB13E7DC691FBEE" author="Lamas, G." box="[365,504,1086,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FDDE3E7DC412FBEE" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[514,891,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refId="ref25718" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. (2012) Polillas y taladradores gigantes de la familia Castniidae (Lepidoptera) de Guatemala. In: Cano, E. B. &amp; Schuster, J. C. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Guatemala. Vol. 2. Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala, pp. 145 - 153." type="book" year="2012">González &amp; Hernández-Baz 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FC583E7DC3D9FBEE" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[900,1200,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FBE53E7DC306FBEE" box="[1081,1135,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FB653E7DC2F8FBEE" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[1209,1425,1087,1113]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
). The northernmost known distribution for this taxon is Xilitla, San Luis Potosí,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FBDB3E21C334FBCA" box="[1031,1117,1123,1149]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FBB73E21C22FFBCA" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[1131,1350,1123,1149]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
). Based on
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FF673EC5C6D8FB16" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[187,433,1159,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEF83EC5C634FB16" box="[292,349,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FE063EC5C53DFB16" box="[474,596,1159,1185]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD803EC5C5BCFB16" box="[604,725,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FD493EC5C5BCFB16" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[661,725,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
flies mostly in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion and in the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, both in the Brazilian subregion. It is frequently recorded on the Caribbean slope of
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FC1D3E8DC352FB5E" box="[961,1083,1231,1257]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
within the following provinces and cantons:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEF63EB0C6F0FABB" bold="true" box="[298,409,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FEF63EB0C6FDFABB" box="[298,404,1266,1292]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Alajuela, Guatuso, San Carlos, San Ramón, Upala;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC013EB0C320FABB" bold="true" box="[989,1097,1266,1292]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FC013EB0C32AFABB" box="[989,1091,1266,1292]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Cartago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Cartago, Jiménez, Oreamuno, Paraíso, Turrialba;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FEB73F54C569FA87" bold="true" box="[363,512,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FEB73F54C692FA87" box="[363,507,1302,1328]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Bagaces, La Cruz,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FD0A3F55C443FA86" box="[726,810,1303,1329]" name="Liberia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Liberia</collectingCountry>
, Tilarán;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC4D3F54C493FA87" bold="true" box="[913,1018,1302,1328]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FC4D3F54C49CFA87" box="[913,1013,1302,1328]" country="Liberia" name="Heredia" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Heredia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Sarapiquí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FBA53F54C3B8FA86" bold="true" box="[1145,1233,1302,1329]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FBA53F54C3A4FA86" box="[1145,1229,1302,1329]" country="Liberia" name="Limon" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Limón</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Guácimo, Limón, Matina, Pococí, Siquirres, Talamanca;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD953F78C5D3FAE2" bold="true" box="[585,698,1338,1365]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FD953F78C5DCFAE2" box="[585,693,1338,1365]" country="Liberia" name="San Jose" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">San José</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Vázquez de Coronado.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C23258FFD2FF1B3F1DC2F0F9E6" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
Based on information collected from material deposited in different entomological collections, as well as records in iNaturalist (2023) and other references, except four doubtful records from the province of
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203258FFD2FAFD3FC1C2F5FA2A" box="[1313,1436,1411,1437]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
and records from sugarcane plantations where it has been collected along with
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FBFE3FE5C3CFFA76" box="[1058,1190,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FB823FE5C3CFFA76" box="[1118,1190,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
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,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FA803FE5C2FEFA76" author="LAICA" box="[1372,1431,1447,1473]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FF4B3F89C6AAFA52" author="Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. &amp; Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A." box="[151,451,1483,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="26 - 28" refId="ref28381" refString="Salazar-Blanco, J. D., Cadet-Piedra, E., Oviedo-Alfaro, R., Berrocal-Kopper, R. &amp; Araya-Vindas, A. (2018) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Resumen XI Congreso ATALAC - TECNICANA, Cali, Colombia, 26 - 28 de Setiembre de 2018, 87." type="book chapter" year="2018">
Salazar-Blanco
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FE953F89C6E8FA52" box="[329,385,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B333258FFD2FE133F89C58DFA52" author="Cadet-Piedra, E. &amp; Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R." box="[463,740,1483,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" pagination="5 - 8" refId="ref23914" refString="Cadet-Piedra, E., Salazar-Blanco, J. D. &amp; Oviedo-Alfaro, R. (2019) Monitoreo y manejo del barrenador gigante del tallo de la cana de azucar (Telchin atymnius Lepidoptera: Castniidae) en Costa Rica. Boletin Agroclimatico, 1 (12), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="2019">
Cadet-Piedra
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FDB43F89C5C8FA52" box="[616,673,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
),
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FD2B3F89C406FA52" box="[759,879,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FCF33F89C406FA52" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[815,879,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03258FFD2FC793F89C34CFA52" box="[933,1061,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413258FFD2FC013F89C34CFA52" box="[989,1061,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
seem to be naturally allopatric in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FF4B3FADC67DF9BE" box="[151,276,1519,1545]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
; the former is found on the Caribbean slope while the latter is on the Pacific slope. However, they might eventually become sympatric, and populations might mix due to the establishment of more sugarcane plantations in the country, since as previously noted, there are sugarcane farms in
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523258FFD2FC513C75C36EF9E6" box="[909,1031,1591,1617]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
where both subspecies fly together.
</paragraph>
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418
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6.
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF693B5DC6C9FE8D" bold="true" box="[181,416,287,314]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe tica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE733B62C539FE8D" author="Lamas, G." box="[431,592,288,314]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3B06C542FEE9" blockId="11.[151,600,287,350]" box="[151,555,324,350]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325AFFD0FF433B06C65BFEE9" box="[159,306,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,186,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[151,1435,181,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–B: Telchin evalthe tica; A: ♂, San José, P. B. Carrillo, La Montura, 1050m, 23mayo 1981, I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI001055993, MNCR-A1055993 (MNCR); B: ♀, Alajuela, Reserva de San Ramón, Río San Lorencito, 23mayo1986, I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI001056104, MNCR-A1056104 (MNCR); C–D: Telchin licus microsticta; C: ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Est. Carrillo, 730m, 20mayo85, Abelardo Chacón, INBIOCRI001055981, MNCR-A1055981 (MNCR); D: ♀, Casacode, 7 abril 97, I. Chacón (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749647/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Figs. 3A, 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325AFFD0FEE23B06C68FFEE9" box="[318,486,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-267@26.[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C: Telchin evalthe tica; A: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 03-IV-2008 (photo: Steven Daniel); B: ♂, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 27-V-2022 (photo: Randall Jiménez); C: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 12-VII-2008 (photo: Gernot Kunz); D–E: Telchin licus microsticta; D: ♀, Alajuela, San Ramón, 22-IV-2020 (photo: Gustavo Orozco); E: ♂, San Carlos, Alajuela, 29-V-2023 (photo: Colin Allen); F–G: Telchin atymnius drucei; F: ♂, Golfito, Puntarenas, 18-I-2022 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); G: ♀, Puriscal, San José, 31-VIII-2022 (photo: Kirby Wolfe); H–I: Telchin atymnius futilis; H: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 16-I-2020 (photo: Alexandre Terrigeol); I: ♀, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-II-2022 (photo: Kyle Horner)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749668/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">11A, 11B, 11C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325AFFD0FE2E3B06C548FEE9" box="[498,545,324,350]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,421,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-122@29.[152,1435,417,1301]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution maps of the genus Telchin in Costa Rica. A: T. atymnius futilis; B: T. atymnius drucei; C: T. evalthe tica; D: T. licus microsticta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749674/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">13C</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325AFFD0FF4B3BC0C4B2FDA2" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF4B3BC0C586FE2D" authority="Rothschild, 1919" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,751,386,410]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="viryi" subGenus="Xanthocastnia" subSpecies="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3BC0C78FFE2E" box="[151,230,386,409]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Castnia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF293BC0C6EEFE2D" box="[245,391,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FE4A3BC0C550FE2D" box="[406,569,386,410]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">viryi intermedia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDE33BC0C586FE2D" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[575,751,386,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FD253BC0C4C3FE2D" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[761,938,386,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC6F3BC0C319FE2E" bold="true" box="[947,1136,385,410]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Novit. Zool. 26(1)</emphasis>
, p. 11.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3BE2C622FE60" blockId="11.[151,1437,385,533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF4B3BE2C6BBFE0F" ID-CoL="7L8C6" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[151,466,416,440]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="viryi" subSpecies="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3BE2C6BBFE0F" box="[151,466,416,440]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia viryi intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE033BE2C535FE0F" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[479,604,416,440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FDB43BE2C514FE0F" bold="true" box="[616,637,416,440]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD3A3BE2C791FE60" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FCA83BE2C482FE0F" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[884,1003,416,440]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FC2A3BE2C302FE0F" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[1014,1131,416,440]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep.
</emphasis>
, p. 136.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3B9CC433FE41" blockId="11.[151,1437,385,533]" box="[151,858,478,502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF4B3B9CC6C4FE42" box="[151,429,478,502]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="viryi">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3B9CC6C4FE42" box="[151,429,478,502]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia evalthe viryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE673B9CC557FE41" author="Lamas, G." box="[443,574,478,502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD973B9CC47DFE41" bold="true" box="[587,788,478,502]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 81.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B3BBEC4B2FDA2" blockId="11.[151,1437,385,533]" box="[151,987,508,533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF4B3BBEC55BFDA3" authority="Lamas, 1995" authorityName="Lamas" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,562,508,532]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="tica">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3BBEC6CCFDA3" box="[151,421,508,532]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia evalthe tica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE703BBFC55BFDA3" author="Lamas, G." box="[428,562,508,532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDE03BBFC5D6FDA3" author="Lamas, G." box="[572,703,508,532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD173BBFC4FCFDA3" bold="true" box="[715,917,508,533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 81.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325AFFD0FF4B387EC789FBC5" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF4B387EC48DFD51" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B387EC6E9FDE1" bold="true" box="[151,384,572,598]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">General comments.</emphasis>
This taxon was originally described as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FC9F387EC7BBFDCD" authority="Rothschild, 1919" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1919" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="viryi" subGenus="Xanthocastnia" subSpecies="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC9F387EC4F3FDE1" box="[835,922,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Castnia</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC70387EC327FDE1" box="[940,1102,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB83387FC27AFDE1" box="[1119,1299,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">viryi intermedia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FAC0387EC7BBFDCD" author="Rothschild, L. W." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, based on a male from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FE303822C500FDCD" box="[492,617,608,634]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDA03822C457FDCD" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[636,830,608,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild 1919</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FC893822C483FDCD" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[853,1002,608,634]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FC253822C35BFDCC" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1017,1074,608,635]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
) considered
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FB153822C22BFDCD" ID-CoL="9BYXZ" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1225,1346,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB153822C22BFDCD" box="[1225,1346,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a valid subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FEED38C6C540FD29" ID-CoL="5C593" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[305,553,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FEED38C6C540FD29" box="[305,553,644,670]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FD7D38C7C455FD28" author="Lamas, G." box="[673,828,644,671]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the replacement name
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FB7838C6C609FD74" authority="Lamas, 1995" authorityName="Lamas" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="tica">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB7838C6C7A8FD75" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia evalthe tica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FF1638EBC609FD74" author="Lamas, G." box="[202,352,680,707]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, since the original name was a junior primary homonym of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FBCA38EAC2F1FD75" ID-CoL="9BYXZ" authority="Pfeiffer, 1917" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1046,1432,680,706]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FBCA38EAC399FD75" box="[1046,1264,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Castnia intermedia</emphasis>
Pfeiffer, 1917
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FF4B388FC6C4FD51" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." box="[151,429,716,743]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes &amp; Duarte (2014)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FD8C388EC59BFD51" ID-CoL="92QGH" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[592,754,716,742]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD8C388EC59BFD51" box="[592,754,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Xanthocastnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FCEE388EC48DFD51" authority="Hubner." authorityName="Hubner." box="[818,996,716,742]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FCEE388EC4EAFD51" box="[818,899,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin</emphasis>
Hübner.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B38B2C66DFBB1" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FF1B38B2C6CDFCBD" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[199,420,752,778]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz (2023)</bibRefCitation>
studied
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FDDB38B2C4B0FCBC" authority="(Boisduval, [1875])" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[519,985,752,779]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="viryi">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FDDB38B2C586FCBD" box="[519,751,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe viryi</emphasis>
(Boisduval, [1875])
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FBDD38B2C33EFCBD" box="[1025,1111,752,778]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Mexico</collectingCountry>
mentioning that
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FAC038B3C2E9FCBD" box="[1308,1408,753,778]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
is its closest relative due to their similar phenotypes. In general,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FC853956C36DFC99" box="[857,1028,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC853956C36DFC99" box="[857,1028,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species markedly differentiated morphologically from other species in the genus, mainly by its ventral wing pattern. In
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FBA6397BC3B4FCE5" box="[1146,1245,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
, as in
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FAF6397BC2FCFCE5" box="[1322,1429,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. e.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FABE397BC2FCFCE5" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[1378,1429,825,850]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viryi">viryi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, males and females have a blackish base-color on the dorsal surface; on the forewing, there is a diagonal yellowishcreamy band that runs from the costa to the anal angle; on the hindwing, there is a yellow discal band that runs from the costa to the anal angle, where it joins a submarginal band of orange-red spots. This subspecies shows a marked sexual dimorphism due to the presence of a yellowish diagonal band in the subapical region of the female forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B3E52C789FBC5" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
The taxonomic status of this species is unclear, thus an extensive review including a larger number of specimens from different countries and regions is necessary (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FD163E76C4D1FBF9" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[714,952,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FCE13E77C41CFBF9" box="[829,885,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FC183E76C26EFBF9" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[964,1287,1076,1102]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FACF3E76C7BDFBC5" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz 2023</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325AFFD0FF1B3E3EC69DF961" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B3E3EC579FA01" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF1B3E3EC6B8FB21" bold="true" box="[199,465,1148,1174]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Very little is known about the ecology and behavior of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FB943E3EC39AFB21" box="[1096,1267,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB943E3EC39AFB21" box="[1096,1267,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and up to now there is no relevant information on
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FDFE3EE3C5A9FB0D" baseAuthorityName="Lamas" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[546,704,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="tica">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FDFE3EE3C5A9FB0D" box="[546,704,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. evalthe tica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FD123EE2C4C1FB0D" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[718,936,1184,1210]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz (2023)</bibRefCitation>
pointed out that the probably closely related
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF4B3E87C66DFB69" box="[151,260,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. e.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF0D3E87C66DFB69" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[209,260,1221,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viryi">viryi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
has diurnal habits and flies in open sunny places such as walking trails, paths, or watercourses; males are fast fliers, territorial, and perch on dry branches or leaves on trees; females have a slower, heavier flight. Due to their close relationship,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FE193F4FC54EFA91" box="[453,551,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
might exhibit behavior similar to
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC703F4FC37EFA91" box="[940,1047,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. e.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FC383F4FC37EFA91" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[996,1047,1293,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viryi">viryi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. In Sarapiquí, Octavio Ruiz (pers. comm.) once observed a male
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FE293F73C531FAFD" box="[501,600,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
perching on a leaf of a
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FCB73F72C3ACFAFC" authority="H. Wendl., 1859" authorityName="H. Wendl." authorityYear="1859" box="[875,1221,1328,1355]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Calyptrogyne" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FCB73F72C36BFAFD" box="[875,1026,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Calyptrogyne</emphasis>
H. Wendl., 1859
</taxonomicName>
palm (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FACA3F72C2F8FAFD" box="[1302,1425,1328,1354]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
), at night (20:34 hrs). On another occasion, during the morning, he observed a male perching on a plant, to later fly away into the forest. iNaturalist (2023) has several observations of both sexes of this subspecies which were made between 10–16 hrs in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FE523FDEC565FA01" box="[398,524,1436,1462]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B3F82C69DF961" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
Some authors have suggested that
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FD953F83C5DFFA6D" box="[585,694,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD953F83C5DFFA6D" box="[585,694,1472,1498]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be associated with bromeliads (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FBBC3F82C397FA6D" box="[1120,1278,1472,1498]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
) or heliconias (
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FF7D3FA6C622FA48" box="[161,331,1508,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF7D3FA6C666FA49" box="[161,271,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Heliconia</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FE803FA6C696FA49" box="[348,511,1508,1534]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
), based on potential host plants in areas where the species have been seen or collected (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FED73C4AC6E2F994" author="Moss, A. M." box="[267,395,1544,1571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="48 - 52" refId="ref27791" refString="Moss, A. M. (1945) The Castnia of Para with notes on others (Lep. Castniidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 14, 48 - 52." type="journal article" year="1945">Moss 1945</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FE4B3C4AC577F995" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[407,542,1544,1570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDF63C4AC455F995" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W." box="[554,828,1544,1570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 19" refId="ref25429" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Cock, M. J. W. (2004) A synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Trinidad and Tobago. Zootaxa, 762 (1), 1 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 762.1.1" type="journal article" year="2004">González &amp; Cock, 2004</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FC9B3C4AC35BF995" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[839,1074,1544,1570]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC6B3C4BC486F995" box="[951,1007,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
; González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FB713C4BC38CF995" box="[1197,1253,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2017;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FAEE3C4AC605F9F1" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FEA43C6EC543F9F1" author="Aya, V. M. &amp; Pabon, A. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G." box="[376,554,1580,1606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="399 - 410" refId="ref23600" refString="Aya, V. M., Pabon, A., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G. (2022) Morphological and molecular characterization of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) associated to sugarcane in Colombia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 112 (3) 399 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485321000997" type="journal article" year="2022">
Aya
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FE703C6FC68FF9F1" box="[428,486,1580,1606]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FDEB3C6EC46DF9F1" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[567,772,1580,1606]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz 2023</bibRefCitation>
), but so far, no hosts have been confirmed for the species.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FF4B3C12C61BF9DD" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[151,370,1616,1642]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="64 - 69" refId="ref24557" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2023) Notes on Telchin evalthe viryi (Boisduval, [1875]) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 33 (1), 64 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 7790080" type="journal article" year="2023">García-Díaz (2023)</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that heliconias do not appear to be a host for
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC313C13C33FF9DD" box="[1005,1110,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. e.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FBFF3C13C33FF9DD" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[1059,1110,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viryi">viryi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
since there are many species of this plant family widely distributed, which would directly impact the distribution of the castniid, a situation also observed with
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FEE03CDBC6DDF905" box="[316,436,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FEA83CDAC6DDF905" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[372,436,1688,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, but this is just simple speculation. To learn more about the ecology and behavior of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FAB13CDBC7A8F961" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
, more fieldwork is needed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325AFFD0FF1B3CA2C5DFF841" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325AFFD0FF1B3CA2C5DFF841" blockId="11.[151,1437,572,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF1B3CA2C529F94D" bold="true" box="[199,576,1760,1786]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FD953CA2C59AF94D" box="[585,755,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evalthe">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FD953CA2C59AF94D" box="[585,755,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FC0A3CA2C345F94D" box="[982,1068,1760,1786]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to South America, however, not much is known about the geographical limits of its currently known subspecies.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325AFFD0FBED3D46C271F8A9" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[1073,1304,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="evalthe" subSpecies="viryi">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FBED3D46C271F8A9" box="[1073,1304,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Telchin evalthe viryi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FF4B3D6AC786F8F5" box="[151,239,1832,1858]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, while
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FEE03D6BC6F1F8F5" box="[316,408,1833,1858]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">T. e. tica</emphasis>
has been cited for
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FDBE3D6AC5B3F8F5" box="[610,730,1832,1858]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FCD03D6BC40CF8F4" box="[780,869,1833,1859]" name="Panama" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FCAE3D6AC3D9F8F5" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P." box="[882,1200,1832,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref25483" refString="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. (2019) A catalog of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) in the California Academy of sciences with general and historical comments. Annals of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, Entomology, 28, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 2587666" type="journal article" year="2019">González &amp; Domagała 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FB663D6AC2F8F8F5" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[1210,1425,1832,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FF6B3D0EC65CF8D1" box="[183,309,1868,1894]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, this subspecies has been recorded on both the Pacific and Caribbean slopes. Based on
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325AFFD0FAC13D0FC665F83D" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." pageId="11" pageNumber="162" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FA543D0FC7DDF83D" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325AFFD0FEE03D32C6D5F83D" box="[316,444,1904,1930]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, it flies in three biogeographical provinces: Puntarenas-Chiriquí, Guatuso-Talamanca, and Pacific Lowlands. The subspecies has been sighted/collected in
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC413DD6C362F819" bold="true" box="[925,1035,1940,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FC413DD6C36EF819" box="[925,1031,1940,1966]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
San Carlos, San Ramón;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FAED3DD6C2F5F819" bold="true" box="[1329,1436,1940,1966]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FAED3DD6C2FEF819" box="[1329,1431,1940,1966]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Cartago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Oreamuno;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FEC73DFAC6D8F865" bold="true" box="[283,433,1976,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FEC73DFAC6C2F865" box="[283,427,1976,2002]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
La Cruz;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FDC23DFAC5E1F865" bold="true" box="[542,648,1976,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FDC23DFAC5EBF865" box="[542,642,1976,2002]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Heredia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Sarapiquí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FCDB3DF5C436F865" bold="true" box="[775,863,1975,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FCDB3DF5C432F865" box="[775,859,1975,2002]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Limón</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Pococí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FC633DFAC338F865" bold="true" box="[959,1105,1976,2002]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FC633DFAC325F865" box="[959,1100,1976,2002]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Coto Brus, Garabito, Golfito, Osa;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325AFFD0FF0E3D9EC62BF841" bold="true" box="[210,322,2011,2038]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325AFFD0FF0E3D9EC657F841" box="[210,318,2011,2038]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">San José</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Moravia, Vázquez de Coronado.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="14D6798356CC47C74D41097542AB1A74">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BEC088B3E57AA47113171656FBC64CF2">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="97A144B2F2AE29D3DE47D63D5A3E71FB">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325CFFD6FF4B3C84C558F957" box="[151,561,1734,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF4B3C84C558F957" blockId="13.[151,783,1734,1797]" box="[151,561,1734,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<heading id="FC3381AE325CFFD6FF4B3C84C558F957" bold="true" box="[151,561,1734,1761]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B3C84C558F957" bold="true" box="[151,561,1734,1761]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
8.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF693C85C558F957" ID-CoL="36ZRG" authority="(Butler, 1870)" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[181,561,1734,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF693C85C6E8F956" bold="true" box="[181,385,1734,1761]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Divana diva diva</emphasis>
(Butler, 1870)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325CFFD5FF4B3CA9C362FEBC" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF4B3CA9C466F8B2" blockId="13.[151,783,1734,1797]" box="[151,783,1771,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325CFFD6FF433CA9C65BF8B2" box="[159,306,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1692,1716]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,187,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-17@15.[151,1435,181,1668]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 4. A–B: Divana diva diva; A: ♂, San José, P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Fila Carrillo, 700m, 27mayo1984, A. M. Chacón, INBIOCRI001055987 (MNCR); B: ♀, Est. Pitilla, 700m, 9km S. Sta. Cecilia, P.N. Guanacaste, Prov. Guanacaste, C. Moraga, Jul 1991, L-N-330200, 380200, INBIOCRI001110192, MNCR-A1110192 (MNCR); C–D: Athis analibiae; C: ♂ Holotype, Heredia, Finca La Selva, I–IV-1983, 55m, leg. I.A. Chacón, INBIOCRI001056116 (MNCR); D: ♀, Prov. Heredia, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, 100–200m, 9 Abril 2013, C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L_N_266268_523359 #108141, INB0004388061, MNCR-A4388061 (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749649" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749649/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Figs. 4A, 4B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325CFFD6FEE23CA9C6C2F8B2" box="[318,427,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1080,1104]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetId="figure-17@23.[151,1435,181,1056]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 10. A–B: Amauta procera; A: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 19-II-2002 (photo: Gernot Kunz); B: ♂, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 06-III-2014 (photo: Matthew Grube); C: ♀, Prometheus zagraea zagraea, Osa, Puntarenas, 02-III-2012 (photo: GringoCurt); D–E: Divana diva diva; D: ♂, Puntarenas, Puntarenas, 27-V-2018 (photo: David Curlis); E: ♀, San Ramón, Alajuela, 27-V- 2010 (photo: John B. Schneider); F–G: Athis palatinus staudingeri; F: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 08-II-2021 (photo: Chatelle Taylor); G: ♂, Aguirre, Puntarenas, 16-I-2020 (photo: Ted Armstrong); H: ♂, Athis analibiae, Talamanca, Limón, 09-V-2023 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); I: ♀, Athis clitarcha, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 14-III-2020 (photo: Casey Owen); J: ♂, Athis inca inca, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-X-2018 (photo: Laurens Halsey)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749666" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749666/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">10D, 10E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325CFFD6FE6B3CA9C68FF8B2" box="[439,486,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1631,1655]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,284,1602]" captionTargetId="figure-67@28.[152,1435,273,1608]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of the genera Amauta (A), Athis (B, C), Corybantes and Mirocastnia (D), Divana (E) and Prometheus (F) in Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749672" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749672/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">12E</figureCitation>
) (BIN: BOLD:AAD9016)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF4B3D72C4C7F8F0" blockId="13.[151,1437,1839,2017]" box="[151,942,1839,1863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF4B3D72C6F6F8F0" authority="Butler, 1870" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,415,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B3D72C671F8F0" box="[151,280,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Castnia diva</emphasis>
Butler, 1870
</taxonomicName>
; Butler, 1870.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FDE83D6DC5D4F8F0" bold="true" box="[564,701,1839,1863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Lep. Exotica</emphasis>
, p. 46, pl. 17, figs. 1–2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF4B3D0CC303F8D1" blockId="13.[151,1437,1839,2017]" box="[151,1130,1869,1894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF4B3D0CC671F8D1" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,280,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B3D0CC671F8D1" box="[151,280,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Castnia diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FEEF3D0CC6DFF8D1" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1913" box="[307,438,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FEEF3D0CC6DFF8D1" box="[307,438,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">chiriquiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FE183D0CC52EF8D1" author="Strand, E." box="[452,583,1870,1894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FD8E3D0CC50EF8D1" bold="true" box="[594,615,1870,1894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FD713D0CC34DF8D1" bold="true" box="[685,1060,1869,1894]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
, p. 13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF4B3D2FC33CF832" blockId="13.[151,1437,1839,2017]" box="[151,1109,1900,1925]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF4B3D2FC671F833" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,280,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B3D2FC671F833" box="[151,280,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Castnia diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
f.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FEEF3D2EC6C8F833" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1913" box="[307,417,1900,1924]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculifera">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FEEF3D2EC6C8F833" box="[307,417,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">maculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FE733D2EC55BF832" author="Strand, E." box="[431,562,1900,1925]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref28538" refString="Strand, E. (1913) Gattung: Castnia F. In: Seitz, A. (Ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Vol. 6. A. Kernen, Stuttgart, pp. 7 - 17." type="book" year="1913">Strand, 1913</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FDE13D2EC53BF833" bold="true" box="[573,594,1900,1924]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">in</emphasis>
Seitz.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FD4B3D2EC366F833" bold="true" box="[663,1039,1900,1925]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Die Gross-Schmett. der Erde vol. 6</emphasis>
, p. 13.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF4B3DC9C3ADF814" blockId="13.[151,1437,1839,2017]" box="[151,1220,1930,1958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B3DC9C62CF814" box="[151,325,1931,1955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF4B3DC9C656F814" box="[151,319,1931,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Cyanostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diva">Cyanostola diva</taxonomicName>
;
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FE973DC9C681F814" author="Houlbert, C." box="[331,488,1931,1955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FE2D3DCFC5BBF814" bold="true" box="[497,722,1930,1958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Étud. Lép. Comp. 15</emphasis>
, pp. 65, 514, 695, 711, 721, pl. CDLV, fig. 3824.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF4B3DE8C79DF856" blockId="13.[151,1437,1839,2017]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF4B3DE8C625F875" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,332,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B3DE8C625F875" box="[151,332,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Divana diva diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FE803DE8C6B4F875" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[348,477,1962,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FE313DE8C56BF875" bold="true" box="[493,514,1962,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FDAD3DE8C213F875" bold="true" box="[625,1402,1962,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FCDF3DE8C413F875" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[771,890,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FC543DE8C494F875" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[904,1021,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FB113DE8C213F875" authority="Neo. Lep." authorityName="Neo. Lep." box="[1229,1402,1962,1986]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Atlas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Atlas Neo. Lep.</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, p. 137.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325FFFD5FF4B3AD5C59BFF18" blockId="14.[151,1035,150,267]" box="[151,754,150,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FF4B3AD5C62FFF18" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,326,151,175]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF4B3AD5C62FFF18" box="[151,326,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Divana diva diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FE8F3AD5C6BFFF19" author="Lamas, G." box="[339,470,150,174]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FE3F3AD5C5C5FF19" bold="true" box="[483,684,150,175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 83.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325FFFD5FF4B3AF4C423FF7A" blockId="14.[151,1035,150,267]" box="[151,842,181,205]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FF4B3AF4C6F4FF7A" box="[151,413,181,205]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="chiriquiensis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF4B3AF4C6F4FF7A" box="[151,413,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Divana diva chiriquiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FE763AF4C547FF7A" author="Lamas, G." box="[426,558,181,205]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FDE63AF7C46AFF7A" bold="true" box="[570,771,181,205]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 83.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325FFFD5FF4B3A96C4FCFF5B" blockId="14.[151,1035,150,267]" box="[151,917,212,236]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FF4B3A96C67AFF5B" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,275,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF4B3A96C67AFF5B" box="[151,275,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Telchin diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FEFC3A96C57DFF5B" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." box="[288,532,212,236]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes &amp; Duarte, 2014</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FDC13A96C426FF5B" bold="true" box="[541,847,212,236]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Zoo. Jour. Linn. Soc. 170 (2)</emphasis>
, p. 33.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325FFFD5FF4B3AB1C362FEBC" blockId="14.[151,1035,150,267]" box="[151,1035,242,267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FF4B3AB1C62FFEBC" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,326,243,267]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF4B3AB1C62FFEBC" box="[151,326,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Divana diva diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FE8F3AB1C573FEBC" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[339,538,243,267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FE783AB1C6B1FEBC" box="[420,472,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022
</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FDFF3AB1C5B0FEBD" bold="true" box="[547,729,242,267]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Zootaxa 5194 (3)</emphasis>
, p. 325, figs. 3A, 6A–C, 12A.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325FFFD5FF4B3B7BC58DFC90" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325FFFD5FF4B3B7BC46DFDC4" blockId="14.[151,1437,313,1851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF4B3B7BC615FEE4" bold="true" box="[151,380,313,339]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">General comments.</emphasis>
Of the three subspecies,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FD593B78C456FEE4" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[645,831,313,339]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FD593B78C456FEE4" box="[645,831,313,339]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Divana diva diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the one with the largest and northernmost distribution (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FF433B1FC643FEC0" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[159,298,349,375]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FEEB3B1FC696FEC0" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[311,511,349,375]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="379 - 383" refId="ref28841" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2010) Observazioni sulla distribuzione di Divana diva hoppi (Hering, 1923) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 379 - 383." type="journal article" year="2010">Vinciguerra 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FDD73B1FC58FFEC0" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[523,742,349,375]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FDBB3B1CC5C8FEC0" box="[615,673,349,375]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). The base-color of the dorsal forewing is dark brown with a broad pale brown band that runs from the costa in the discal region to the anal angle; it has a vertical oval white discal spot and two larger horizontal oval spots near the anal margin; on the hindwing it has a marginal orange band and an iridescent purplish-blue patch between the base and the postdiscal region (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FBED3B8BC3D5FE54" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1073,1212,457,483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FB143B8BC2F8FE54" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[1224,1425,457,483]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="379 - 383" refId="ref28841" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2010) Observazioni sulla distribuzione di Divana diva hoppi (Hering, 1923) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 379 - 383." type="journal article" year="2010">Vinciguerra 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Ventrally, the base-color of both wings is dark brown; on the forewing, the wide band that goes from the costa to the anal angle is light orange and, there are small orange postdiscal and submarginal spots on the hindwing (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FA883853C7BAFDF8" author="Miller, J. Y." pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
). It exhibits little sexual dimorphism, but females differ from males by having more rounded forewings and a markedly lighter brown diagonal band on the forewing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325FFFD5FF1B383FC58DFC90" blockId="14.[151,1437,313,1851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
It was described by Butler (1870) (as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FD5D383FC47BFD20" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[641,786,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FD5D383FC47BFD20" box="[641,786,637,663]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Castnia diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) based on specimens collected in
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325FFFD5FB7D383FC27DFD20" box="[1185,1300,637,663]" country="Nicaragua" name="Chontales" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Chontales</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FAFE383FC2F0FD20" box="[1314,1433,637,663]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
. It was later found in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FE5538E3C6B6FD0C" box="[393,479,673,699]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and other Central American countries.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FC7F38E3C333FD0C" author="Houlbert, C." box="[931,1114,673,699]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert (1918)</bibRefCitation>
transferred it to
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FAC138E3C62DFD68" authority="Houlbert, 1918" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Cyanostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FAC138E3C2F4FD0C" box="[1309,1437,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Cyanostola</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FF4B3887C62DFD68" author="Houlbert, C." box="[151,324,709,735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="1 - 242" refId="ref26267" refString="Houlbert, C. (1918) Revision monographique de la sous-famille des Castniinae. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee, 15, i - xvi + 1 - 730, pls. 437 - 462, figs. 1 - 242." type="journal article" year="1918">Houlbert, 1918</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, until the genus
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FE203884C527FD68" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1982" box="[508,590,710,735]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FE203884C527FD68" box="[508,590,710,735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Divana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was assigned by J. Y. Miller to replace
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FBD23887C2F1FD68" authority="(Fletcher &amp; Nye 1982)" baseAuthorityName="Fletcher &amp; Nye" baseAuthorityYear="1982" box="[1038,1432,709,735]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Cyanostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FBD23887C3E7FD68" box="[1038,1166,709,735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Cyanostola</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FB403887C2F9FD68" author="Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B." box="[1180,1424,709,735]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref24275" refString="Fletcher, D. S. &amp; Nye, I. W. B. (1982) The Generic Names of Moths of the World. Vol. 4. Bombycoidea, Castnioidea, Cossoidea, Mimallonoidea, Sesioidea, Sphingoidea, Zygaenoidea. British Museum (Natural History), London, 192 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 119597" type="book" year="1982">Fletcher &amp; Nye 1982</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FF4B38ABC6DDFCB4" author="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M." box="[151,436,745,771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="362 - 399" refId="ref27452" refString="Moraes, S. &amp; Duarte, M. (2014) Phylogeny of Neotropical Castniinae (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Castniidae): testing the hypothesis of the mimics as a monophyletic group and implications for the arrangement of the genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 170 (2), 362 - 399. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12102" type="journal article" year="2014">Moraes &amp; Duarte (2014)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FD8138A8C5C6FCB4" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1982" box="[605,687,746,771]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FD8138A8C5C6FCB4" box="[605,687,746,771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Divana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FD2838ABC42CFCB4" box="[756,837,745,771]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FD2838ABC42CFCB4" box="[756,837,745,771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Telchin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FC8938ABC328FCB4" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[853,1089,745,771]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FC6E38A8C484FCB4" box="[946,1005,745,771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
reinstated the genus based on evident differences from typical
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FDD8394FC53CFC90" box="[516,597,781,807]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FDD8394FC53CFC90" box="[516,597,781,807]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Telchin</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325FFFD5FF1B3970C3E1FCD8" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325FFFD5FF1B3970C3E1FCD8" blockId="14.[151,1437,313,1851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FF1B3970C6E0FCFC" ID-CoL="36ZRG" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[199,393,817,843]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF1B3970C6E0FCFC" box="[199,393,817,843]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Divana diva diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FE1C3970C5C2FCFC" box="[448,683,817,843]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="chiriquiensis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FE1C3970C5C2FCFC" box="[448,683,817,843]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">D. diva chiriquiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were accepted as different subspecies by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FB5E3973C276FCFB" author="Lamas, G." box="[1154,1311,817,844]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas (1995)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FA8A3973C78DFCC7" author="Miller, J. Y." pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, but
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FEC63917C697FCD8" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[282,510,853,879]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FEA83914C6C4FCD8" box="[372,429,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
placed the latter as a synonym of the nominal subspecies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325FFFD5FF1B393BC64EFAF4" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325FFFD5FF1B393BC64EFAF4" blockId="14.[151,1437,313,1851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF1B393BC6B8FC24" bold="true" box="[199,465,889,915]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FE053938C5F2FC24" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[473,667,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="diva" subSpecies="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FE053938C5F2FC24" box="[473,667,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Divana diva diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been observed in jungles and mountain cloud forests in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FA9B393BC2F4FC24" box="[1351,1437,889,915]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Central America during the day between 9:00 and 17:00, on sunny days when the temperature exceeds 25°C (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FF423983C6B0FC6C" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[158,473,961,987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FE803980C6FFFC6C" box="[348,406,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FE383983C5D5FC6C" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[484,700,961,987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FDE33980C511FC6C" box="[575,632,961,987]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
; iNaturalist 2023).
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FC4A3983C347FC6C" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[918,1070,961,987]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller (1986)</bibRefCitation>
stated that based on records she found, the species could be crepuscular. Most observations on iNaturalist (2023) for this subspecies have been of males and females perching on branches or leaves up to
<quantity id="603C9B27325FFFD5FCF53E4BC402FB94" box="[809,875,1033,1060]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
above the ground.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FB903E4BC2F5FB94" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[1100,1436,1033,1059]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FAD13E48C221FB94" box="[1293,1352,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
mentioned that, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FEB23E6FC68DFBF0" box="[366,484,1069,1095]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
, adults of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FD803E6CC5A4FBF0" box="[604,717,1069,1095]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
D.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FDA33E6FC5A4FBF0" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[639,717,1069,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diva">d. diva</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
fly between May and November in sites with an abundance of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FF4B3E10C7BCFBDC" box="[151,213,1106,1131]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF4B3E10C7BCFBDC" box="[151,213,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Musa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FF383E13C633FBDC" box="[228,346,1105,1131]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FEB03E13C6B3FBDC" box="[364,474,1105,1131]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FEB03E13C6B3FBDC" box="[364,474,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Heliconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FE343E13C5E4FBDC" box="[488,653,1105,1131]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FD123E13C447FBDC" box="[718,814,1105,1131]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" genus="Zingiber" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FD123E13C447FBDC" box="[718,814,1105,1131]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Zingiber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FCE13E13C48AFBDC" authorityName="Martinov" authorityYear="1820" box="[829,995,1105,1131]" class="Liliopsida" family="Zingiberaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
); likewise, they also indicate that adults tend to perch on leaves and stems of ginger plants in shady places and that most flight activity is around noon. However, very little is known about the ecology and behavior of this castniid, and its host plant is unknown. Some authors have pointed out that some subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FD633EFCC478FB60" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[703,785,1213,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diva">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FD633EFCC478FB60" box="[703,785,1213,1239]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">D. diva</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are multivoltine based on the recorded dates of specimens in entomological collections (
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FE3E3EA0C56DFB4C" box="[482,516,1250,1275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">i.e.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FDD63EA3C5F8FB4C" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[522,657,1249,1275]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FD473EA3C408FB4C" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[667,865,1249,1275]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="379 - 383" refId="ref28841" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2010) Observazioni sulla distribuzione di Divana diva hoppi (Hering, 1923) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 379 - 383." type="journal article" year="2010">Vinciguerra 2010</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FCB63EA3C33BFB4C" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. &amp; Larysz, A." box="[874,1106,1249,1275]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="219 - 228" refId="ref25546" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Domagala, P. &amp; Larysz, A. (2013) The Giant Butterfly-Moths (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) of the Upper Silesian Museum (Muzeum Gornoslaskie) in Bytom, Poland, with notes on the history of the Museum. Biodiversity Journal, 4 (1), 219 - 228." type="journal article" year="2013">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FC063EA0C378FB4C" box="[986,1041,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FB803EA3C246FB4C" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[1116,1327,1249,1275]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FB693EA0C384FB4C" box="[1205,1261,1249,1275]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). Records of the nominal subspecies from all countries where it is distributed show that their flight period is between April and October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325FFFD5FF1B3F0FC6F1F88C" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325FFFD5FF1B3F0FC6F1F88C" blockId="14.[151,1437,313,1851]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF1B3F0FC52DFAD0" bold="true" box="[199,580,1357,1383]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
This subspecies is distributed from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FC373F0FC328FAD0" box="[1003,1089,1357,1383]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FBB73F0FC3ADFAD0" box="[1131,1220,1357,1383]" name="Panama" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FB093F0FC20BFAD0" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[1237,1378,1357,1383]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref27094" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1986) The Taxonomy, Phylogeny, and Zoogeography of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera: Castnoidea: Castniidae), Ph. D. Thesis, University of Florida, Gainesville, 571 pp." type="book" year="1986">Miller 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FAAD3F0FC6C1FA3C" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FEFA3F30C60BFA3C" box="[294,354,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FE6A3F33C5F1FA3C" author="Worthy, R. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A." box="[438,664,1393,1419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="301 - 342" refId="ref29183" refString="Worthy, R., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Zilli, A. (2022) A review of the genera Amauta Houlbert, 1918 and Divana J. Y. Miller, 1982 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 5194 (3), 301 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5194.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">
Worthy
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FDC93F30C538FA3C" box="[533,593,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FD723F33C43FFA3C" author="Salazar, J. A." box="[686,854,1393,1419]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="43 - 51" refId="ref28290" refString="Salazar, J. A. (1999) Datos de recoleccion para 16 especies de castnidos colombianos (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Boletin Cientifico del Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, 3, 43 - 51." type="journal article" year="1999">Salazar (1999)</bibRefCitation>
reported
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FC153F30C3C9FA3C" box="[969,1184,1393,1419]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
D. d.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FBD33F33C3C9FA3C" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1913" box="[1039,1184,1393,1419]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiriquiensis">chiriquiensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FB173F33C255FA3C" box="[1227,1340,1393,1419]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, but the specimen he cited is actually a male of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FD823FD4C59CFA18" box="[606,757,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
D.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FD5E3FD7C59CFA18" baseAuthorityName="C. Felder &amp; R. Felder" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[642,757,1429,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">d. tricolor</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FCD93FD7C36CFA18" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. &amp; Larysz, A." box="[773,1029,1429,1455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="219 - 228" refId="ref25546" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Domagala, P. &amp; Larysz, A. (2013) The Giant Butterfly-Moths (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) of the Upper Silesian Museum (Muzeum Gornoslaskie) in Bytom, Poland, with notes on the history of the Museum. Biodiversity Journal, 4 (1), 219 - 228." type="journal article" year="2013">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FCAB3FD4C4D8FA18" box="[887,945,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
citing
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FB893FD7C244FA18" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[1109,1325,1429,1455]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="379 - 383" refId="ref28841" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2010) Observazioni sulla distribuzione di Divana diva hoppi (Hering, 1923) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 379 - 383." type="journal article" year="2010">Vinciguerra (2010)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that the subspecies was also found in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FD973FFBC5D0FA64" box="[587,697,1465,1491]" name="Colombia" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Colombia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FD283FFBC43CFA64" box="[756,853,1465,1491]" name="Ecuador" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
; an unintended confusion since
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FB183FFBC2F5FA64" author="Vinciguerra, R." box="[1220,1436,1465,1491]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="379 - 383" refId="ref28841" refString="Vinciguerra, R. (2010) Observazioni sulla distribuzione di Divana diva hoppi (Hering, 1923) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 379 - 383." type="journal article" year="2010">Vinciguerra (2010)</bibRefCitation>
actually noted that
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FEB13F9CC6B5FA40" box="[365,476,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
D.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325FFFD5FE4C3F9FC6B5FA40" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[400,476,1501,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Divana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diva">d. diva</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is only found in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FD473F9FC598FA40" box="[667,753,1501,1527]" name="Mexico" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and Central America.
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FC323F9FC38BFA40" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Boone, J. H. &amp; Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D." box="[1006,1250,1501,1527]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="385 - 409" refId="ref25361" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Boone, J. H., Brilmyer, G. M. &amp; Le, D. (2010) The Giant Butterfly-moths of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, with notes on the Herman Strecker collection (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia, 38 (152), 385 - 409." type="journal article" year="2010">
González
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FB833F9CC3FEFA40" box="[1119,1175,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
(2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FB323F9FC241FA40" author="Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Domagala, P. &amp; Larysz, A." box="[1262,1320,1501,1527]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" pagination="219 - 228" refId="ref25546" refString="Gonzalez, J. M., Domagala, P. &amp; Larysz, A. (2013) The Giant Butterfly-Moths (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) of the Upper Silesian Museum (Muzeum Gornoslaskie) in Bytom, Poland, with notes on the history of the Museum. Biodiversity Journal, 4 (1), 219 - 228." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
) cited and questioned
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B325FFFD5FEC43C43C6D6F9AC" box="[280,447,1537,1563]" count="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FDD83C43C521F9AC" box="[516,584,1537,1563]" name="Brazil" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FD5C3C43C440F9AC" box="[640,809,1537,1563]" name="French Guiana" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">French Guiana</collectingCountry>
, which seem to have been incorrectly labeled, since the records do not coincide with the known distribution of the genus. It has been recorded in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FBA63C67C39DF988" box="[1146,1268,1573,1599]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
on both slopes and, according to the known records and biogeographic provinces of
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325FFFD5FC653C0BC3DFF9D4" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[953,1206,1609,1635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FBF93C08C309F9D4" box="[1061,1120,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, it flies in localities that belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca and Puntarenas-Chiriquí provinces of the Pacific dominion, but also in the Pacific Lowlands province of the Mesoamerican dominion, all in the Brazilian subregion. The provinces and cantons in which it has been found are the following:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FD353CF7C431F978" bold="true" box="[745,856,1717,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325FFFD5FD353CF7C43AF978" box="[745,851,1717,1743]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Alajuela, Guatuso, San Ramón, Upala;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FACE3CF7C214F978" bold="true" box="[1298,1405,1717,1743]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325FFFD5FACE3CF7C211F978" box="[1298,1400,1717,1743]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Cartago</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
El Guarco, Turrialba;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FEB23C9BC56DF944" bold="true" box="[366,516,1753,1779]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325FFFD5FEB23C9BC697F944" box="[366,510,1753,1779]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Bagaces, La Cruz,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325FFFD5FD3D3C9BC45CF944" box="[737,821,1753,1779]" name="Liberia" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Liberia</collectingCountry>
, Nicoya;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FC7D3C9BC363F944" bold="true" box="[929,1034,1753,1779]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325FFFD5FC7D3C9BC36CF944" box="[929,1029,1753,1779]" country="Liberia" name="Heredia" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Heredia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Sarapiquí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FB503C9AC38CF944" bold="true" box="[1164,1253,1752,1779]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325FFFD5FB503C9AC389F944" box="[1164,1248,1752,1779]" country="Liberia" name="Limon" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Limón</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Limón, Matina, Pococí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FF2D3CBFC6EAF8A0" bold="true" box="[241,387,1789,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325FFFD5FF2D3CBFC617F8A0" box="[241,382,1789,1815]" country="Liberia" name="Puntarenas" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Buenos Aires, Coto Brus, Garabito, Puntarenas;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325FFFD5FC7C3CBEC379F8A0" bold="true" box="[928,1040,1788,1815]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325FFFD5FC7C3CBEC362F8A0" box="[928,1035,1788,1815]" country="Liberia" name="San Jose" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">San José</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Desamparados, Escazú, Santa Ana, Vázquez de Coronado.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

342
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<mods:namePart id="893918B25B1EBDDC38968C85F9AB7FB1">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BC16D23C0D4F0937F595C855A3D23F51">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BD5C18B81A78F7C2E5721D8DFDE90D28">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9B4E909CC76C92C3C80752679DAB9D52">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="64865AC5AEC3AF12AB6685EEAC78BEC2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B24A2F81EBB45E3E4A3BACE77A6B4F1B">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="23B69C874E5650F0D8B959C196C7D27B">2024-07-16</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1BC804F0501FC76965160989870A1927">5481</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="875CCA51E174B7B734DDE791BE8800CF">2</mods:number>
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<treatment id="2F6D87D4325DFFD6FF4B3D5BC6F1FBCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4325DFFD6FF4B3D5BC6F1FBCA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F6D87D4325DFFD6FF4B3D5BC6F1FBCA" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325DFFD7FF4B3D5BC5AEF885" box="[151,711,1816,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325DFFD7FF4B3D5BC5AEF885" blockId="12.[151,711,1816,1879]" box="[151,711,1816,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<heading id="FC3381AE325DFFD7FF4B3D5BC5AEF885" bold="true" box="[151,711,1816,1843]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325DFFD7FF4B3D5BC5AEF885" bold="true" box="[151,711,1816,1843]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
7.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325DFFD7FF693D5AC5AEF885" authority="(Rothschild, 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[181,711,1816,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="licus" subSpecies="microsticta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325DFFD7FF693D5AC6B5F885" bold="true" box="[181,476,1816,1843]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Telchin licus microsticta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325DFFD7FE373D5AC5D6F885" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[491,703,1816,1842]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325DFFD7FF4B3D7EC687F8E0" box="[151,494,1852,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="description">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325DFFD7FF4B3D7EC687F8E0" blockId="12.[151,711,1816,1879]" box="[151,494,1852,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325DFFD7FF433D7EC65BF8E0" box="[159,306,1852,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1579,1603]" captionTargetBox="[161,1425,186,1554]" captionTargetId="figure-25@12.[151,1435,181,1555]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 3. A–B: Telchin evalthe tica; A: ♂, San José, P. B. Carrillo, La Montura, 1050m, 23mayo 1981, I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI001055993, MNCR-A1055993 (MNCR); B: ♀, Alajuela, Reserva de San Ramón, Río San Lorencito, 23mayo1986, I. A. Chacón, INBIOCRI001056104, MNCR-A1056104 (MNCR); C–D: Telchin licus microsticta; C: ♂, San José, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Est. Carrillo, 730m, 20mayo85, Abelardo Chacón, INBIOCRI001055981, MNCR-A1055981 (MNCR); D: ♀, Casacode, 7 abril 97, I. Chacón (MNCR). Scale bar = 2cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749647/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Figs. 3C, 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325DFFD7FEE23D7FC6C0F8E0" box="[318,425,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetId="figure-267@26.[151,1436,777,1652]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 11. A–C: Telchin evalthe tica; A: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 03-IV-2008 (photo: Steven Daniel); B: ♂, Coto Brus, Puntarenas, 27-V-2022 (photo: Randall Jiménez); C: ♀, Golfito, Puntarenas, 12-VII-2008 (photo: Gernot Kunz); D–E: Telchin licus microsticta; D: ♀, Alajuela, San Ramón, 22-IV-2020 (photo: Gustavo Orozco); E: ♂, San Carlos, Alajuela, 29-V-2023 (photo: Colin Allen); F–G: Telchin atymnius drucei; F: ♂, Golfito, Puntarenas, 18-I-2022 (photo: Heiner Ziegler); G: ♀, Puriscal, San José, 31-VIII-2022 (photo: Kirby Wolfe); H–I: Telchin atymnius futilis; H: ♂, Pococí, Limón, 16-I-2020 (photo: Alexandre Terrigeol); I: ♀, Sarapiquí, Heredia, 26-II-2022 (photo: Kyle Horner)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749668" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749668/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">11D, 11E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A47325DFFD7FE693D7FC68FF8E0" box="[437,486,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1325,1349]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,421,1298]" captionTargetId="figure-122@29.[152,1435,417,1301]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 13. Distribution maps of the genus Telchin in Costa Rica. A: T. atymnius futilis; B: T. atymnius drucei; C: T. evalthe tica; D: T. licus microsticta." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749674/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">13D</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325DFFD7FF4B3DC3C452F842" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325DFFD7FF4B3DC3C336F82E" blockId="12.[151,1436,1921,2037]" box="[151,1119,1921,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325DFFD7FF4B3DC3C5CFF82E" ID-CoL="5G997" authority="Rothschild, 1919" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,678,1921,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="albomaculata" subSpecies="microsticta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325DFFD7FF4B3DC3C686F82E" box="[151,495,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Castnia albomaculata microsticta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325DFFD7FE293DC3C5CFF82E" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[501,678,1921,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325DFFD7FD6C3DC3C409F82E" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[688,864,1921,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild, 1919</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325DFFD7FCB63DC3C34EF82E" bold="true" box="[874,1063,1921,1945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Novit. Zool. 26(1)</emphasis>
, p. 9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325DFFD7FF4B3DE2C6A9F861" blockId="12.[151,1436,1921,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325DFFD7FF4B3DE2C545F800" box="[151,556,1952,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Leucocastnia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="albomaculata" subSpecies="microsticta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325DFFD7FF4B3DE2C545F800" box="[151,556,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Leucocastnia albomaculata microsticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325DFFD7FDE73DE2C5D5F800" author="Miller, J. Y." box="[571,700,1951,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="176 - 177" refId="ref27137" refString="Miller, J. Y. (1995) Castniidae. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 2. Hyblaeoidea-Pyraloidea-Tortricoidea. Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera / Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, Florida, pp. 133 - 137 + 176 - 177." type="book chapter" year="1995">Miller, 1995</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325DFFD7FD163DDDC5B6F800" bold="true" box="[714,735,1951,1975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">in</emphasis>
Heppner.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325DFFD7FC913DDDC607F861" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
Castnioidea:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325DFFD7FC023DDDC33CF800" ID-CoL="7SJ" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[990,1109,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325DFFD7FBBE3DDDC3BEF800" ID-CoL="93MSF" authorityName="Houlbert" authorityYear="1918" box="[1122,1239,1951,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Castniinae">Castniinae</taxonomicName>
, Checklist part 2, Atlas Neo. Lep.
</emphasis>
, p. 135.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325DFFD7FF4B3D9FC452F842" blockId="12.[151,1436,1921,2037]" box="[151,827,2013,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325DFFD7FF4B3D9FC6E7F842" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[151,398,2013,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="licus" subSpecies="microsticta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325DFFD7FF4B3D9FC6E7F842" box="[151,398,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Telchin licus microsticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325DFFD7FE403D9FC576F842" author="Lamas, G." box="[412,543,2013,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" pagination="73 - 87" refId="ref26450" refString="Lamas, G. (1995) A critical review of J. Y. Miller´s checklist of the Neotropical Castniidae (Lepidoptera). Revista Peruana de Entomologia, 37, 73 - 87." type="journal article" year="1995">Lamas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325DFFD7FDF73D9FC59CF842" bold="true" box="[555,757,2013,2037]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">Revta. Per. Ent. 37</emphasis>
, p. 81.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325CFFD6FF4B3AD4C6A6FD8A" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF4B3AD4C683FEAA" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B3AD4C614FF06" bold="true" box="[151,381,150,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">General comments.</emphasis>
This is the northernmost subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FCF03AD5C4D1FF06" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[812,952,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FCF03AD5C4D1FF06" box="[812,952,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Telchin licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and was described by
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FB713AD5C21FFF06" author="Rothschild, L. W." box="[1197,1398,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild (1919)</bibRefCitation>
(as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF4B3AF9C57DFF63" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1919" box="[151,532,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="albomaculata" subSpecies="microsticta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B3AF9C57DFF63" box="[151,532,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Castnia albomaculata microsticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) based on specimens from San Ramón, Río Wanks in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325CFFD6FBA43AF9C387FF62" box="[1144,1262,187,213]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
, and Esperanza in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325CFFD6FF693A9DC65AFF4E" box="[181,307,223,249]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. This taxon had been previously cited by Druce (1883) (as
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FC0E3A9DC30FFF4E" box="[978,1126,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FC0E3A9DC30FFF4E" box="[978,1126,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Castnia licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325CFFD6FB693A9DC25AFF4E" box="[1205,1331,223,249]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, and also from
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325CFFD6FF093B41C621FEAA" box="[213,328,259,285]" country="Nicaragua" name="Chontales" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Chontales</collectingRegion>
, in
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325CFFD6FEB33B41C68FFEAA" box="[367,486,259,285]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF1B3B65C51FFE66" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF1B3B65C63DFEF6" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[199,340,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF1B3B65C63DFEF6" box="[199,340,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Telchin licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species with a highly adaptive alimentary plasticity since there are records of its larvae feeding on
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF663B09C635FED2" ID-CoL="624PY" box="[186,348,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FEBB3B09C6B3FED2" ID-CoL="CZK" box="[359,474,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FDC83B09C51AFED2" ID-CoL="627FW" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[532,627,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
, becoming a pest of crops in at least two of those families (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FAD53B09C2FEFED2" author="Ballou, H. A." box="[1289,1431,331,357]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref23665" refString="Ballou, H. A. (1914) Insect pests of Sugar Cane in Antigua and St. Kitts. Pamphlet series. Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies, 75, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1914">Ballou 1914</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FF4B3B2DC67AFE3E" author="Lima, A. M. C." box="[151,275,366,393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref26689" refString="Lima, A. M. C. (1945) Insetos do Brasil, 5 º Tomo. Lepidopteros, 1 ª parte. Escola Nacional de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Didactica No 7. Escola Nacional de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro, 379 pp." type="book" year="1945">Lima 1945</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FEC03B2DC6AEFE3E" author="Aya, V. M. &amp; Pabon, A. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G." box="[284,455,367,393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="399 - 410" refId="ref23600" refString="Aya, V. M., Pabon, A., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G. (2022) Morphological and molecular characterization of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) associated to sugarcane in Colombia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 112 (3) 399 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485321000997" type="journal article" year="2022">
Aya
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FE923B2DC6EDFE3E" box="[334,388,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325CFFD6FE293B2DC519FE3E" box="[501,624,367,393]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, some authors have cited
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FC553B2DC37CFE3E" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[905,1045,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FC553B2DC37CFE3E" box="[905,1045,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Telchin licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a sugarcane pest in several areas of the country; however, they have been incorrectly identified, and the taxa collected were either
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FB0A3BD1C22EFE1A" box="[1238,1351,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
T. a
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FADB3BD1C22EFE1A" ID-CoL="RQLZ" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1287,1351,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">futilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
or
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FAB03BD1C7B6FE66" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
T. a.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF4B3BF5C7B6FE66" ID-CoL="967J7" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,223,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">drucei</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FF313BF5C6ECFE66" author="LAICA" box="[237,389,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="6 - 20" refId="ref26393" refString="LAICA (2017) Informe de resultados 2016. Programa de Fitosanidad, Manejo de Plagas, San Jose, Costa Rica, May 2017, 6 - 20." type="book chapter" year="2017">LAICA 2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FE4D3BF5C503FE66" author="Garcia-Diaz, J. J." box="[401,618,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="63 - 72" refId="ref24439" refString="Garcia-Diaz, J. J. (2022 a) Distribution and observations on the biology of Telchin atymnius futilis (Walker, 1856) (Castniidae: Castniinae) in Mexico. Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 32 (1), 63 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 6588547" type="journal article" year="2022">García-Díaz 2022a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF1B3B99C6A6FD8A" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
Sexual dimorphism in
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FE153B99C5B4FE43" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[457,733,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="licus" subSpecies="microsticta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FE153B99C5B4FE43" box="[457,733,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Telchin licus microsticta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is as evident as in most
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FC2A3B99C3C9FE42" box="[1014,1184,475,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FC2A3B99C32EFE42" box="[1014,1095,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Telchin</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
since males possess a faint subapical spot band on the dorsal forewing, but females have this spot band sharply defined, as well as having rounded forewings apically.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325CFFD6FF1B3805C43FFC36" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF1B3805C43FFC36" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF1B3805C6BDFDD7" bold="true" box="[199,468,582,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Ecology and behavior.</emphasis>
Little is known about the ecology and behavior of
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FBFA3805C3B1FDD7" box="[1062,1240,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
T. l.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FB873805C3B1FDD7" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1919" box="[1115,1240,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microsticta">microsticta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. However, many authors have indicated that the host plants of
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FD663829C466FD32" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Drury" baseAuthorityYear="1773" box="[698,783,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FD663829C466FD32" box="[698,783,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">T. licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
correspond to species in the genera
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FB143829C26FFD33" box="[1224,1286,619,644]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FB143829C26FFD33" box="[1224,1286,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Musa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FAC63829C2F9FD32" box="[1306,1424,619,645]" class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF4B38CDC67CFD1E" box="[151,277,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Saccharum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B38CDC67CFD1E" box="[151,277,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Saccharum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FEFF38CDC6ECFD1E" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[291,389,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
), and
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FE1938CDC55AFD1E" box="[453,563,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FE1938CDC55AFD1E" box="[453,563,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Heliconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FD9D38CDC58AFD1E" box="[577,739,655,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FD2538CDC4EFFD1E" author="Ballou, H. A." box="[761,902,655,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 45" refId="ref23665" refString="Ballou, H. A. (1914) Insect pests of Sugar Cane in Antigua and St. Kitts. Pamphlet series. Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies, 75, 1 - 45." type="journal article" year="1914">Ballou 1914</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FC4D38CDC364FD1E" author="Lima, A. M. C." box="[913,1037,654,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref26689" refString="Lima, A. M. C. (1945) Insetos do Brasil, 5 º Tomo. Lepidopteros, 1 ª parte. Escola Nacional de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro, Serie Didactica No 7. Escola Nacional de Agronomia, Rio de Janeiro, 379 pp." type="book" year="1945">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325CFFD6FC4D38CDC4A5FD1E" box="[913,972,655,681]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Lima</collectingRegion>
1945
</bibRefCitation>
; Maes 1999, 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FB3838CDC2F9FD1E" author="Aya, V. M. &amp; Pabon, A. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G." box="[1252,1424,655,681]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="399 - 410" refId="ref23600" refString="Aya, V. M., Pabon, A., Gonzalez, J. M. &amp; Vargas, G. (2022) Morphological and molecular characterization of Castniidae (Lepidoptera) associated to sugarcane in Colombia. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 112 (3) 399 - 410. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485321000997" type="journal article" year="2022">
Aya
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FACB38CDC227FD1E" box="[1303,1358,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
), the specific host for this subspecies is unknown. Adults are diurnal and fly on sunny or cloudy days; males are territorial and patrol much of the day along trails, open gaps, roads, or bodies of water in search of females with which to mate; after several minutes of flight, the males perch for a short time on branches, stems or leaves of trees or shrubs to thermoregulate in a stegopterous position, and later continue patrolling; males are more active on sunny days with high temperatures, while on cloudy days or when the temperature drops, they can be seen mostly perching and barely flying (Colin Allen &amp;
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FDD03925C5D8FC36" authority="Potter" authorityName="Potter" box="[524,689,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cynthia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynthia Potter</taxonomicName>
, pers. comm.).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549325CFFD6FF1B39C8C6F1FBCA" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2325CFFD6FF1B39C8C6F1FBCA" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF1B39C8C556FC13" bold="true" box="[199,575,906,933]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Distribution and biogeography.</emphasis>
It has been recorded from
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325CFFD6FCAD39C9C4B7FC12" box="[881,990,907,933]" name="Honduras" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Honduras</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325CFFD6FBDF39C9C317FC12" box="[1027,1150,907,933]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(Druce 1883;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FAFF39C9C7BBFC7E" author="Rothschild, L. W." pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref28252" refString="Rothschild, L. W. (1919) Supplementary notes to the review of Houlbert and Oberthur's monograph of Castniinae by Talbot and Prout. Novitates Zoologicae, 26 (1), 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="1919">Rothschild 1919</bibRefCitation>
; Maes 1999, 2004;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FE7B39EDC503FC7E" author="Miller, J. Y. &amp; Matthews, D. L. &amp; Warren, A. D. &amp; Solis, M. A. &amp; Harvey, D. J. &amp; Gentili-Poole, P. &amp; Lehman, R. &amp; Emmel, T. C. &amp; Covell, C. V. Jr." box="[423,618,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref27265" refString="Miller, J. Y., Matthews, D. L., Warren, A. D., Solis, M. A., Harvey, D. J., Gentili-Poole, P., Lehman, R., Emmel, T. C. &amp; Covell, C. V. Jr. (2012) An Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Honduras. Insecta Mundi, 205, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="2012">
Miller
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FE2F39EDC540FC7E" box="[499,553,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FDAF39EDC4F6FC7E" author="van den Berghe, E. &amp; Maes, J. M. &amp; Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M." box="[627,927,943,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" pagination="272 - 284" refId="ref28713" refString="van den Berghe, E., Maes, J. M., Hernandez-Baz, F. &amp; Gonzalez, J. M. (2020) Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) from Honduras and Nicaragua, Central America. Zootaxa, 4895 (2), 272 - 284. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4895.2.6" type="journal article" year="2020">
Van den Berghe
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FCFB39EDC434FC7E" box="[807,861,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
).According to the information at our disposal,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FF4B3991C627FC5B" box="[151,334,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
T. l.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41325CFFD6FF0D3991C627FC5B" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1919" box="[209,334,979,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="microsticta">microsticta</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
seems to be distributed on the Caribbean slope of
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652325CFFD6FC713991C342FC5A" box="[941,1067,979,1005]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
within localities that according to
<bibRefCitation id="C3554B33325CFFD6FF6439B5C6D3FBA6" author="Morrone, J. J. &amp; Escalante, T. &amp; Rodriguez-Tapia, G. &amp; Carmona, A. &amp; Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D." box="[184,442,1015,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" refId="ref27719" refString="Morrone, J. J., Escalante, T., Rodriguez-Tapia, G., Carmona, A., Arana, M. &amp; Mercado-Gomez, J. D. (2022) Biogeographic regionalization of the Neotropical region: New map and shapefile. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 94, e 20211167. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765202220211167" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Morrone
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FEF939B5C60BFBA6" box="[293,354,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">et al.</emphasis>
(2022)
</bibRefCitation>
, belong to the Guatuso-Talamanca province of the Pacific dominion in the Brazilian subregion. It has been collected and sighted in the following Costa Rican provinces and cantons:
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FB183E58C25BFB83" bold="true" box="[1220,1330,1050,1076]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325CFFD6FB183E58C247FB83" box="[1220,1326,1050,1076]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Guatuso, San Carlos, San Ramón;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FE643E7CC524FBEF" bold="true" box="[440,589,1086,1112]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325CFFD6FE643E7CC521FBEF" box="[440,584,1086,1112]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
La Cruz;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FD1F3E7CC445FBEF" bold="true" box="[707,812,1086,1112]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325CFFD6FD1F3E7CC44EFBEF" box="[707,807,1086,1112]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Heredia</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Sarapiquí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FC6D3E7CC363FBEE" bold="true" box="[945,1034,1086,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325CFFD6FC6D3E7CC36CFBEE" box="[945,1029,1086,1113]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Limón</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Limón, Matina, Pococí;
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0325CFFD6FAF63E7CC2F5FBEE" bold="true" box="[1322,1436,1086,1113]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
<collectingRegion id="6500F820325CFFD6FAF63E7CC2F1FBEE" box="[1322,1432,1086,1113]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">San José</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
Vázquez de Coronado.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="2F8171A6B9264B7EF422F882A6185F70">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB3FE5BBB8AAC4BD76ABE8FFDA14F4BB">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="DD77F5BC76DCAA31516C96BE167238C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A51C729159C7641C93F84204D9C42FD9">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="35657426726641C8A3B419C6E705C0E1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493260FFEAFF4B3D38C568F82F" box="[151,513,1914,1944]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23260FFEAFF4B3D38C568F82F" blockId="49.[151,1436,1914,2013]" box="[151,513,1914,1944]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">
<heading id="FC3381AE3260FFEAFF4B3D38C568F82F" bold="true" box="[151,513,1914,1944]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03260FFEAFF4B3D38C568F82F" bold="true" box="[151,513,1914,1944]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFF4B3D38C62FF822" ID-CoL="95ZWK" authority="(Walker, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[151,326,1914,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="inca" subSpecies="inca">Athis inca inca</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFE893D3EC6F5F82F" box="[341,412,1916,1944]" count="21" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">21♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFE763D3EC69BF82F" box="[426,498,1916,1944]" count="11" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="female">11♀♀</specimenCount>
):
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493260FFE9FF4B3DDDC55EFA86" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23260FFE9FF4B3DDDC55EFA86" blockId="49.[151,1436,1914,2013]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1437,150,1329]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFF4B3DDDC43AF80E" box="[151,851,1951,1977]" collectionCode="DC" collectorName="Osa Penins., C. R." location="January" municipality="Corcovado" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFF4B3DDDC7D3F80E" box="[151,186,1951,1977]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB83260FFEAFF0C3DDDC627F80E" box="[208,334,1951,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Corcovado</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143260FFEAFEBD3DDDC52FF80E" box="[353,582,1951,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Osa Penins., C. R.</collectorName>
,
<location id="A21B60193260FFEAFD863DDDC5D8F80E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193260FFEAFD863DDDC5D8F80E" box="[602,689,1951,1977]" municipality="Corcovado" name="January" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">January</location>
8/6/13 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073260FFEAFCC33DDDC422F80E" box="[799,843,1951,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">DC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFCBB3DDDC332F86A" collectingDate="2012-06" collectionCode="DC" country="Costa Rica" county="Guapiles" location="Date" municipality="Santa" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFCBB3DDDC4E2F80E" box="[871,907,1951,1977]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523260FFEAFC433DDDC325F80E" box="[927,1100,1951,1977]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203260FFEAFB833DDDC277F80E" box="[1119,1310,1951,1977]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Limón Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E3260FFEAFAEE3DDDC2F1F80E" box="[1330,1432,1951,1977]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Guápiles</collectingCounty>
, Pococi Buenos Aires.,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB83260FFEAFE473D81C6B0F86A" box="[411,473,1987,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Santa</collectingMunicipality>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFE3F3D81C5BDF86A" authority="River, Altitude" authorityName="River, Altitude" box="[483,724,1987,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara">Clara River, Altitude</taxonomicName>
: 550 mtrs.,
<location id="A21B60193260FFEAFC803D81C4FCF86A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193260FFEAFC803D81C4FCF86A" box="[860,917,1987,2013]" country="Costa Rica" county="Guapiles" municipality="Santa" name="Date" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" stateProvince="Limon">Date</location>
:
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFC7E3D81C37FF86A" box="[930,1046,1987,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2012-06">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3260FFEAFC7E3D81C37FF86A" box="[930,1046,1987,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2012-06">June 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073260FFEAFBFB3D81C33AF86A" box="[1063,1107,1987,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">DC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFE9FBB53D81C56CFF06" country="Costa Rica" elevation="259" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="201" location="May" municipality="Guapiles" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFBB53D81C3E7F86A" box="[1129,1166,1987,2013]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB83260FFEAFB403D81C26BF86A" box="[1180,1282,1987,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Guápiles</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273260FFEAFACC3D80C23EF86A" box="[1296,1367,1986,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5908" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" unit="ft" value="850.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13260FFEAFACC3D80C23EF86A" box="[1296,1367,1986,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5908" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" unit="ft" value="850.0">850 ft</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<location id="A21B60193260FFEAFAB83D81C2F1F86A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193260FFEAFAB83D81C2F1F86A" box="[1380,1432,1987,2013]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Guapiles" name="May" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" stateProvince="Limon">May</location>
, USNMENT00475745 (NMNH)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FDC83AD5C351FF06" box="[532,1080,151,177]" collectingDate="2011-03" collectionCode="RW" location="San Vito" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FDC83AD5C526FF06" box="[532,591,151,177]" count="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FD823AD5C5ACFF06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FD823AD5C5ACFF06" box="[606,709,151,177]" name="San Vito" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Puntarenas">San Vito</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FD083AD5C43BFF06" box="[724,850,151,177]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FCBD3AD5C485FF06" box="[865,1004,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2011-03">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FCBD3AD5C485FF06" box="[865,1004,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2011-03">March 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FC233AD5C358FF06" box="[1023,1073,151,177]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">RW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FB943AD5C60FFF62" collectingDate="2012-03" collectionCode="RW" elevation="650" location="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FB943AD5C305FF06" box="[1096,1132,151,177]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FBA13AD5C38AFF06" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FBA13AD5C38AFF06" box="[1149,1251,151,177]" name="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Limon">Guápiles</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FB2E3AD5C229FF06" box="[1266,1344,151,177]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FA923AD4C2FDFF06" box="[1358,1428,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="650.0">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FA923AD4C2FDFF06" box="[1358,1428,150,177]" count="650" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="generic">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FA923AD4C2FDFF06" box="[1358,1428,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="650.0">650m</elevation>
</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FF4B3AF9C677FF62" box="[151,286,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2012-03">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FF4B3AF9C677FF62" box="[151,286,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2012-03">March 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FEF03AF9C637FF62" box="[300,350,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">RW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FEAC3AF9C4F7FF62" box="[368,926,187,213]" collectingDate="2014-07" collectionCode="RW" collectorName="J Flott" location="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FEAC3AF9C6FCFF62" box="[368,405,187,213]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FE7C3AF9C56FFF62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FE7C3AF9C56FFF62" box="[416,518,187,213]" name="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Limon">Guápiles</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FDCD3AF9C536FF62" box="[529,607,187,213]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FDB43AF9C5B1FF62" box="[616,728,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2014-07">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FDB43AF9C5B1FF62" box="[616,728,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2014-07">July 2014</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FCCD3AF9C43EFF62" box="[785,855,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">J Flott</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FCB93AF9C4FEFF62" box="[869,919,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">RW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FC753AF9C201FF62" box="[937,1384,187,213]" collectingDate="2011-05" collectionCode="RW" location="Volcan Miravalles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FC753AF9C4A5FF62" box="[937,972,187,213]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FC043AF9C3CFFF62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FC043AF9C3CFFF62" box="[984,1190,187,213]" name="Volcan Miravalles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Limon">Volcán Miravalles</location>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FB6C3AF9C249FF62" box="[1200,1312,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2011-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FB6C3AF9C249FF62" box="[1200,1312,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2011-05">May 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FAF23AF9C209FF62" box="[1326,1376,187,213]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">RW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FAAE3AF9C6C0FF4E" elevation="600" location="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FAAE3AF9C2FCFF62" box="[1394,1429,187,213]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FF4B3A9DC794FF4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FF4B3A9DC794FF4E" box="[151,253,223,249]" name="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Limon">Guápiles</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FED63A9DC631FF4E" box="[266,344,223,249]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FEBF3A9DC6C0FF4E" box="[355,425,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="600.0">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FEBF3A9DC6C0FF4E" box="[355,425,223,249]" count="600" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="generic">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FEBF3A9DC6C0FF4E" box="[355,425,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="600.0">600m</elevation>
</specimenCount>
</quantity>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FE753A9DC51CFF4E" box="[425,629,223,249]" collectingDate="2012-05" collectionCode="RW" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Limon">
.,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FE653A9DC545FF4E" box="[441,556,223,249]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2012-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FE653A9DC545FF4E" box="[441,556,223,249]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2012-05">May 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FDE03A9DC507FF4E" box="[572,622,223,249]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">RW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FD5D3A9DC5BDFEAA" collectingDate="1973-12-06" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Losland" country="Costa Rica" elevation="100" location="Sarapiqui" municipality="Finca La Selva" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Heredia">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FD5D3A9DC5CDFF4E" box="[641,676,223,249]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB83263FFE9FD6F3A9DC436FF4E" box="[691,863,223,249]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Finca La Selva</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FCB73A9DC4B0FF4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FCB73A9DC4B0FF4E" box="[875,985,223,249]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Finca La Selva" name="Sarapiqui" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Heredia">Sarapiqui</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FC3A3A9DC3C5FF4E" box="[998,1196,223,249]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Heredia Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523263FFE9FB643A9DC25FFF4E" box="[1208,1334,223,249]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FA9E3A9DC2F5FF4E" box="[1346,1436,223,249]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Losland</collectorName>
et forest,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FEDF3B41C62FFEAA" box="[259,326,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="100.0">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FEDF3B41C62FFEAA" box="[259,326,259,285]" count="100" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="generic">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FEDF3B41C62FFEAA" box="[259,326,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</elevation>
</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FE8E3B41C6A2FEAA" box="[338,459,259,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1973-12-06">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FE8E3B41C6A2FEAA" box="[338,459,259,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1973-12-06">6-xii-1973</collectingDate>
</date>
, P.R.
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FDD13B41C536FEAA" box="[525,607,259,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Ehrlich</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FDAC3B41C5A5FEAA" box="[624,716,259,285]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">AMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FD3C3B41C46AFED2" collectingDate="2008-05-06" collectionCode="NMNH" collectorName="Col. S. Rios &amp; H. Cambronero" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." elevation="288" latitude="10.973" location="Jabalina" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-85.315" municipality="Sector Rincon Rain Forest" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alajuela">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FD3C3B41C46AFEAA" box="[736,771,259,285]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E3263FFE9FCCF3B41C427FEAA" box="[787,846,259,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Prov.</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FC883B41C4DFFEAA" box="[852,950,259,285]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413263FFE9FC1C3B41C3D5FEAA" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[960,1212,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
Guanacaste,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB83263FFE9FA893B41C61EFEF6" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Sector Rincón Rain Forest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FE5F3B65C68BFEF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FE5F3B65C68BFEF6" box="[387,482,295,321]" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." latitude="10.973" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-85.315" municipality="Sector Rincon Rain Forest" name="Jabalina" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Alajuela">Jabalina</location>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FE333B65C5E1FEF6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FE333B65C5E1FEF6" box="[495,648,295,321]" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." latitude="10.973" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="-85.315" municipality="Sector Rincon Rain Forest" name="Manta Pizote" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Alajuela">Manta Pizote</location>
,
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<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FD483B65C5BDFEF6" box="[660,724,295,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.88" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="288.0">288m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<collectingMethod id="7E854ED53263FFE9FD383B65C438FEF6" box="[740,849,295,321]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">light trap</collectingMethod>
),
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FCBA3B65C36BFEF6" box="[870,1026,295,321]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2008-05-06">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FCBA3B65C36BFEF6" box="[870,1026,295,321]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2008-05-06">06-May-2008</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FBD33B65C3F0FEF6" box="[1039,1177,295,321]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Col. S. Ríos</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FB1C3B65C203FEF6" box="[1216,1386,295,321]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">H.Cambronero</collectorName>
, 08- SRNP-101373 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053263FFE9FE073B09C542FED2" box="[475,555,331,357]" degrees="10.973" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" precision="55" value="10.973">10.973</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053263FFE9FDE43B08C5E7FED2" box="[568,654,330,357]" degrees="85.315" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" precision="55" value="-85.315">-85.315</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FD433B09C592FED2" box="[671,763,331,357]" country="USA" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FCCC3B09C357FE3E" collectingDate="1984-05-28" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="A. M. Chacon" country="Costa Rica" elevation="700" location="Fila Carrillo" municipality="Braulio Carrillo" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FCCC3B09C45CFED2" box="[784,821,331,357]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FC9F3B09C4C0FED2" box="[835,937,331,357]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">San José</collectingRegion>
, P.N.,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB83263FFE9FC293B09C3C5FED2" box="[1013,1196,331,357]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Braulio Carrillo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FB663B09C221FED2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FB663B09C221FED2" box="[1210,1352,331,357]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Braulio Carrillo" name="Fila Carrillo" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="San Jose">Fila Carrillo</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FA893B09C2F1FED2" box="[1365,1432,331,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FA893B09C2F1FED2" box="[1365,1432,331,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FF4B3B2DC645FE3E" box="[151,300,367,393]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1984-05-28">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FF4B3B2DC645FE3E" box="[151,300,367,393]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1984-05-28">28mayo1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FEE53B2DC689FE3E" box="[313,480,367,393]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">A. M. Chacón</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001055985, MNCR-A1055985 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FC013B2DC35FFE3E" box="[989,1078,367,393]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FB903B2DC20DFE1A" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Collector Ross Ballard" country="Costa Rica" location="Estacion Biologica Cano Paloma" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FB903B2DC306FE3E" box="[1100,1135,367,393]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FB5C3B2DC787FE1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FB5C3B2DC787FE1A" country="Costa Rica" name="Estacion Biologica Cano Paloma" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Limon">Estación Biológica Caño Paloma</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="B6C92FE03263FFE9FF203BD1C580FE1A" box="[252,745,403,429]" location="Refugio Silvestre Barro del Colorado" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FF203BD1C647FE1A" box="[252,302,403,429]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="km" value="1.0">1km</quantity>
Refugio Silvestre Barro del Colorado
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FD2B3BD1C4B6FE1A" box="[759,991,403,429]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Provincia de Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FC303BD1C398FE1A" box="[1004,1265,403,429]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Collector Ross Ballard</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FADF3BD1C235FE1A" box="[1283,1372,403,429]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FAAE3BD1C6EAFE42" collectingDate="1984-06-08" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName=" A. M. Chacon" country="Costa Rica" elevation="700" location="San Jose" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FAAE3BD1C2FEFE1A" box="[1394,1431,403,429]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FF4B3BF5C794FE66" box="[151,253,439,465]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">San José</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FED53BF5C696FE66" box="[265,511,439,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">P. N. Braulio Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FDD03BF5C5F0FE66" box="[524,665,439,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Fila Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FD7A3BF5C580FE66" box="[678,745,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FD7A3BF5C580FE66" box="[678,745,439,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FD293BF5C413FE66" box="[757,890,439,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1984-06-08">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FD293BF5C413FE66" box="[757,890,439,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1984-06-08">8Junio1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FC5A3BF5C343FE66" box="[902,1066,439,465]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">A. M. Chacón</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001055984, MNCR- A1055984 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FEFE3B99C612FE42" box="[290,379,475,501]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FE493B99C589FDAE" collectingDate="1984-06-08" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName=" A. M. Chacon" country="Costa Rica" elevation="700" location="San Jose" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FE493B99C6D0FE42" box="[405,441,475,501]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FE103B99C55FFE42" box="[460,566,475,501]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">San José</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FD9B3B99C425FE42" box="[583,844,475,501]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">P. N. Braulio Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FC813B99C499FE42" box="[861,1008,475,501]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Fila Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FBDD3B99C32DFE42" box="[1025,1092,475,501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FBDD3B99C32DFE42" box="[1025,1092,475,501]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FB893B99C3B3FE42" box="[1109,1242,475,501]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1984-06-08">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FB893B99C3B3FE42" box="[1109,1242,475,501]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1984-06-08">8Junio1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FB363B99C2F1FE42" box="[1258,1432,475,501]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">A. M. Chacón</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001056114, MNCR-A1056114 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FDA33BBDC5B1FDAE" box="[639,728,511,537]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FD373BBDC25BFD8A" collectingDate="1994-06-21" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="M. N. Guayabo &amp; J. F. Corrales" country="Costa Rica" elevation="1100" location="Prov." municipality="Turrialba" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cartago">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FD373BBDC479FDAE" box="[747,784,511,537]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FCC13BBDC4A7FDAE" box="[797,974,511,537]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">M. N. Guayabo</collectorName>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB83263FFE9FC053BBDC32AFDAE" box="[985,1091,511,537]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Turrialba</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FB933BBDC3E3FDAE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FB933BBDC3E3FDAE" box="[1103,1162,511,537]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Turrialba" name="Prov." pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Cartago">Prov.</location>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FB4C3BBDC382FDAE" box="[1168,1259,511,537]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Cartago</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FB2B3BBDC22EFDAE" box="[1271,1351,511,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="1100.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FB2B3BBDC22EFDAE" box="[1271,1351,511,537]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FA8E3BBDC7BBFD8A" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1994-06-21">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FA8E3BBDC7BBFD8A" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1994-06-21">21 Jun 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FF3C3861C615FD8A" box="[224,380,547,573]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">J. F. Corrales</collectorName>
, L_N_570000_217400 #3028, INBIOCRI001973414, MNCR-A1973414 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FB0D3861C243FD8A" box="[1233,1322,547,573]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FA9C3861C4F8FD32" collectingDate="1994-06" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName=" F. Araya" country="Costa Rica" elevation="50" location="Barra del Colorado" municipality="Rio Sardinas" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FA9C3861C20DFD8A" box="[1344,1380,547,573]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB83263FFE9FAA83861C793FDD6" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Río Sardinas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8E8357AB3263FFE9FED83805C656FDD6" box="[260,319,583,609]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" rank="subSpecies">R. N.</taxonomicNameLabel>
F. S.
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FEA63805C538FDD6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FEA63805C538FDD6" box="[378,593,583,609]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Rio Sardinas" name="Barra del Colorado" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Limon">Barra del Colorado</location>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FD853805C43FFDD6" box="[601,854,583,609]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">A. C. A. C. Tortuguero</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FCBC3805C4F3FDD6" box="[864,922,583,609]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Prov.</collectorName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FC433805C484FDD6" box="[927,1005,583,609]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FC2B3804C342FDD6" box="[1015,1067,582,609]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="50.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FC2B3804C342FDD6" box="[1015,1067,582,609]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="50.0">50m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FBE93805C3F5FDD6" box="[1077,1180,583,609]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1994-06">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FBE93805C3F5FDD6" box="[1077,1180,583,609]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1994-06">Jun 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FB7A3805C26CFDD6" box="[1190,1285,583,609]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">F.Araya</collectorName>
, LN 291900_ 565900 #2998, INBIOCRI001848108, MNCR-A1848108 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FCEC3829C4E0FD32" box="[816,905,619,645]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FC403829C584FD1E" collectingDate="2011-12-20" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Gato" country="Iceland" location="La" municipality="Tirimbina" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Heredia">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FC403829C4A9FD32" box="[924,960,619,645]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FC113829C340FD32" box="[973,1065,619,645]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Heredia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB83263FFE9FBEF3829C3CCFD32" box="[1075,1189,619,645]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Tirimbina</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FB6C3829C3A7FD32" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FB6C3829C3A7FD32" box="[1200,1230,619,645]" country="Iceland" municipality="Tirimbina" name="La" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Heredia">La</location>
Isla,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FAD03829C2F1FD32" box="[1292,1432,619,645]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2011-12-20">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FAD03829C2F1FD32" box="[1292,1432,619,645]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2011-12-20">20 Dic 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FF4B38CDC7B9FD1E" box="[151,208,655,681]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Gato</collectorName>
, INB0004350504, MNCR-A4350504 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FD5038CDC58CFD1E" box="[652,741,655,681]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FD2638CDC20DFD7A" collectingDate="2012-05-08" collectionCode="MNCR" country="Iceland" county="Prov. Heredia" elevation="167" location="La" municipality="Sarapiqui" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FB0B3901C21FFCEA" box="[1239,1398,835,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2013-10-22">22 OCT 2013</collectingDate>
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03263FFE9FDAC3E59C469FB83" box="[624,768,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Castnia inca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
W.,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FCEB3E59C48DFB82" box="[823,996,1051,1077]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Juan Viñas CR</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FC2D3E59C34DFB82" box="[1009,1060,1051,1077]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">June</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FBE93E59C3CFFB82" box="[1077,1190,1051,1077]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FB663E59C54DFBEE" collectionCode="MGCL" country="Costa Rica" location="Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FB663E59C3B7FB82" box="[1210,1246,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523263FFE9FB313E59C202FB82" box="[1261,1387,1051,1077]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138317 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FE193E7DC575FBEE" box="[453,540,1087,1113]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">MGCL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FDF33E7DC493FBCA" collectingDate="1979-10-23" collectionCode="MGCL" collectorName="Allyn Museum Acc." country="Costa Rica" location="Finca La Selva" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Heredia">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FDF33E7DC53BFBEE" box="[559,594,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523263FFE9FD833E7DC5B5FBEE" box="[607,732,1087,1113]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FD3A3E7DC42BFBEE" box="[742,834,1087,1113]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Heredia</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FC903E7DC49FFBEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FC903E7DC49FFBEE" box="[844,1014,1087,1113]" country="Costa Rica" name="Finca La Selva" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Heredia">Finca La Selva</location>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FBDD3E7DC31AFBEE" box="[1025,1139,1087,1113]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1979-10-23">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FBDD3E7DC31AFBEE" box="[1025,1139,1087,1113]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1979-10-23">23.x.1979</collectingDate>
</date>
, ovipositing
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413263FFE9FADE3E7DC2F5FBEE" box="[1282,1436,1087,1113]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
morning.
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FEDE3E21C68BFBCA" box="[258,482,1123,1149]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Allyn Museum Acc.</collectorName>
1980-4, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138320 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FC473E21C49BFBCA" box="[923,1010,1123,1149]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">MGCL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FBD83E21C264FBCA" box="[1028,1293,1123,1149]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FBD83E21C34EFBCA" box="[1028,1063,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413263FFE9FBEF3E21C3BCFBCA" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1075,1237,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">Athis clitarcha</taxonomicName>
[sic]
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FAC83E21C49EFB16" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="Vinciguerra" country="Costa Rica" location="San Vito" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FAC83E21C240FBCA" box="[1300,1321,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FAEA3E21C2F1FBCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FAEA3E21C2F1FBCA" box="[1334,1432,1123,1149]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Vito" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">San Vito</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523263FFE9FF4B3EC5C67AFB16" box="[151,275,1159,1185]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FEC13EC5C6C8FB16" box="[285,417,1159,1185]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Vinciguerra</collectorName>
coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015547972 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FC193EC5C486FB16" box="[965,1007,1159,1185]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">RV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FBDE3EC5C265FB16" box="[1026,1292,1159,1185]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FBDE3EC5C34FFB16" box="[1026,1062,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413263FFE9FBED3EC5C3BDFB16" baseAuthorityName="Westwood" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[1073,1236,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clitarcha">Athis clitarcha</taxonomicName>
[sic]
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FACF3EC5C306FB72" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="Vinciguerra" country="Costa Rica" location="San Vito" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FACF3EC5C243FB16" box="[1299,1322,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FAE93EC5C2F1FB16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FAE93EC5C2F1FB16" box="[1333,1432,1159,1185]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Vito" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">San Vito</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523263FFE9FF4B3EE9C67EFB72" box="[151,279,1195,1221]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, C 151,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FEA23EE9C56BFB72" box="[382,514,1195,1221]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Vinciguerra</collectorName>
coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015548347 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FBE03EE9C30FFB72" box="[1084,1126,1195,1221]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">RV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FBA23EE9C329FB5E" collectingDate="2011-05" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="Vinciguerra" country="Indonesia" location="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FBA23EE9C3CBFB72" box="[1150,1186,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FB6E3EE9C271FB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FB6E3EE9C271FB72" box="[1202,1304,1195,1221]" country="Indonesia" name="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Guapiles</location>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FAFB3EE9C2F1FB72" box="[1319,1432,1195,1221]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2011-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FAFB3EE9C2F1FB72" box="[1319,1432,1195,1221]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2011-05">Mai 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523263FFE9FF4B3E8DC66DFB5E" box="[151,260,1231,1257]" name="Indonesia" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
[sic],
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FE8C3E8DC6BDFB5E" box="[336,468,1231,1257]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Vinciguerra</collectorName>
coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015547970 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FBD13E8DC35EFB5E" box="[1037,1079,1231,1257]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">RV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3263FFE9FB923E8DC55AFA86" collectingDate="2007-06" collectionCode="RV" country="Costa Rica" elevation="500" location="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FB923E8DC31AFB5E" box="[1102,1139,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523263FFE9FB5E3E8DC26BFB5E" box="[1154,1282,1231,1257]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FACC3E8DC237FB5E" box="[1296,1374,1231,1257]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Limón</collectingRegion>
, near
<location id="A21B60193263FFE9FF4B3EB1C794FABA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43260FFE9FF4B3D38C55EFA86:A21B60193263FFE9FF4B3EB1C794FABA" box="[151,253,1267,1293]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guapiles" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" stateProvince="Limon">Guapiles</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FED53EB0C625FABA" box="[265,332,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13263FFE9FED53EB0C625FABA" box="[265,332,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="500.0">500m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FE8A3EB1C6DCFABA" box="[342,437,1267,1293]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2007-06">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3263FFE9FE8A3EB1C6DCFABA" box="[342,437,1267,1293]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="2007-06">VI.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, (rainforest) Local
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FD513EB1C45BFABA" box="[653,818,1267,1293]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Collector Leg.</collectorName>
, in
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FC873EB1C354FABA" box="[859,1085,1267,1293]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Coll. Vinciguerra R.</collectorName>
to,
<collectorName id="0A3153143263FFE9FBBD3EB1C38CFABA" box="[1121,1253,1267,1293]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Vinciguerra</collectorName>
coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015547971 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073263FFE9FDDC3F55C542FA86" box="[512,555,1303,1329]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">RV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

182
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03260FFEAFF4B39B4C645FBA6" bold="true" box="[151,300,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Athis delecta</emphasis>
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(
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,
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):
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<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFF4B3E59C20CFB82" box="[151,1381,1051,1077]" collectionCode="NMNH" country="United States of America" location="May" municipality="Esperanza" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFF4B3E59C7D5FB82" box="[151,188,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
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,
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,
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,
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12166
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523260FFEAFD613E59C587FB82" box="[701,750,1051,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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,
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USNMENT-1244444 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFAAE3E59C669FBCA" collectingDate="2001-05" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Museo Nacional &amp; C. Rodriguez" country="United States of America" location="Joaquin Sanchez" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Jose" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFAAE3E59C2FEFB82" box="[1394,1431,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
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,
<collectorName id="0A3153143260FFEAFECC3E7DC6A4FBEE" box="[272,461,1087,1113]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Museo Nacional</collectorName>
de
<collectorName id="0A3153143260FFEAFE233E7DC529FBEE" box="[511,576,1087,1113]" name="C. Rodriguez" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">C. R.</collectorName>
, 4 de
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFD4D3E7DC47FFBEE" box="[657,790,1087,1113]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2001-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3260FFEAFD4D3E7DC47FFBEE" box="[657,790,1087,1113]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2001-05">mayo 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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, MNCR-E 55746, MNCR-A5055746 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFED13E21C6E9FB16" collectingDate="2001-05" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Museo Nacional &amp; C. Rodriguez" country="United States of America" location="Ernesto Carman" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="San Jose" typeStatus="syntype">
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,
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,
<collectorName id="0A3153143260FFEAFE6F3E21C504FBCA" box="[435,621,1123,1149]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Museo Nacional</collectorName>
de
<collectorName id="0A3153143260FFEAFD453E21C5BEFBCA" box="[665,727,1123,1149]" name="C. Rodriguez" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">C. R.</collectorName>
, 8 de
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFCC33E21C4C8FBCA" box="[799,929,1123,1149]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2001-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3260FFEAFCC33E21C4C8FBCA" box="[799,929,1123,1149]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2001-05">mayo 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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, MNCR-E 55745, MNCR- A5055745 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFE513EC5C3B7FB16" box="[397,1246,1159,1185]" collectingDate="1972-05-24" collectorName="Turrialba &amp; H. L. King" country="Costa Rica" location="Cartago" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cartago" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFE513EC5C6DBFB16" box="[397,434,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523260FFEAFE1D3EC5C529FB16" box="[449,576,1159,1185]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203260FFEAFD923EC5C5C0FB16" box="[590,681,1159,1185]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Cartago</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143260FFEAFD6A3EC5C449FB16" box="[694,800,1159,1185]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Turrialba</collectorName>
,
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFCF23EC5C4CBFB16" box="[814,930,1159,1185]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="1972-05-24">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3260FFEAFCF23EC5C4CBFB16" box="[814,930,1159,1185]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="1972-05-24">24-v-1972</collectingDate>
</date>
<collectorName id="0A3153143260FFEAFC703EC5C34DFB16" box="[940,1060,1159,1185]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">H.L. King</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFBED3EC5C3B7FB16" authority="UF FLMNH MGCL" authorityName="Schaus" authorityYear="1911" box="[1073,1246,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="delecta">Castnia delecta</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFB3B3EC5C6D4FB72" collectionCode="MGCL" country="Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cartago" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFB3B3EC5C397FB16" box="[1255,1278,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138228 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073260FFEAFE823EE9C6DCFB72" box="[350,437,1195,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">MGCL</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

138
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(
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, Prov.
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,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFE413BFAC5F0FE66" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[413,665,439,467]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Área de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203260FFEAFD7D3BF5C44CFE66" box="[673,805,439,465]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector Orosi, Pico Volcán Orosi,
<quantity id="603C9B273260FFEAFB713BF5C397FE66" box="[1197,1278,439,465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.44" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" unit="m" value="1440.0">1440m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFAD73BF5C2F1FE66" box="[1291,1432,439,465]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2002-06-09">09/Jun/2002</date>
, P. Ríos &amp; C. Moraga,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053260FFEAFE783B98C579FE42" box="[420,528,474,501]" degrees="10.95045" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" precision="1" value="10.95045">10.95045</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053260FFEAFDC33B98C5FDFE42" box="[543,660,474,501]" degrees="85.54173" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" precision="1" value="-85.54173">-85.54173</geoCoordinate>
, 02-SRNP-12897 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFC3D3B99C36DFE42" box="[993,1028,475,501]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203260FFEAFBC93B99C31EFE42" box="[1045,1143,475,501]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Cerro Montezuma, Punto 2, bosque primario, larva collected
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFC183BBDC321FDAE" box="[964,1096,511,537]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2010-11-08">08/XI/2010</date>
, adult emerged
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFADD3BBDC2F1FDAE" box="[1281,1432,511,537]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2011-03-09">09-Mar-2011</date>
, Col. José
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFED93861C55EFD8A" authority="Azofeifa (MNCR)" box="[261,567,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonio">Antonio Azofeifa (MNCR)</taxonomicName>
[
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFD9B3861C472FD8A" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1980" box="[583,795,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Mirocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smalli">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03260FFEAFD9B3861C472FD8A" box="[583,795,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Mirocastnia smalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very scarce species, represented by only
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFAFC3861C2F5FD8A" box="[1312,1436,547,573]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
collected in northwest
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523260FFEAFE4B3805C57DFDD6" box="[407,532,583,609]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, deposited in the MNCR collections. An undetermined number of caterpillars of this species were found and reared in a Bromeliad host plant (undetermined species) from the Tenorio area by José
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFF4B38CDC6D8FD1E" authority="(Tono) Azofeifa" authorityName="Azofeifa" baseAuthorityName="Tono" box="[151,433,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonio">Antonio (Toño) Azofeifa</taxonomicName>
, who used to be one of the old INBio parataxonomists working on
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFB7838CDC242FD1E" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1188,1323,655,681]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
and other groups of insects. Despite the fact that several of those specimens successfully eclosed were supposedly deposited by
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFF643895C612FD46" authority="Azofeifa" authorityName="Azofeifa" box="[184,379,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonio">Antonio Azofeifa</taxonomicName>
in the old INBio reared material collections (currently the MNCR reared material collections), it was not possible to find the adults, but images of one of them, as well as images of some immature stages were photographed by
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFE86395DC574FC8E" authority="Azofeifa" authorityName="Azofeifa" box="[346,541,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonio">Antonio Azofeifa</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="3FFF2A473260FFEAFDF0395DC518FC8E" box="[556,625,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1533,1557]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetId="figure-25@22.[151,1435,181,1509]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 9. Ecological aspects of Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides smalli in Costa Rica. A: larva in first instar; B: larva in last instar; C: Werauhia sp., host plant of M. p. smalli in Parque Nacional Volcán Tenorio, Guatuso, Alajuela; D: newly hatched female; E: exuviae; F: mounted female in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12749662" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12749662/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), and thanks to that, it is possible to have aspects of the life cycle of this species documented].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

155
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<mods:title id="EB669FB5D7A714E4661FF50020B777D3">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03260FFEAFF4B3C74C6B9F9E6" bold="true" box="[151,464,1590,1617]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Athis palatinus staudingeri</emphasis>
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(
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFE3C3C7AC570F9E3" box="[480,537,1592,1620]" count="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">7♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFDFA3C7AC508F9E3" box="[550,609,1592,1620]" count="3" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="female">3♀♀</specimenCount>
):
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23260FFEAFF4B3C19C3BBF8FA" blockId="49.[151,1437,1590,1869]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFF4B3C19C7D5F9C2" box="[151,188,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203260FFEAFDD73C19C5E0F9C2" box="[523,649,1627,1653]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFD4B3C19C477F9C2" box="[663,798,1627,1653]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2014-02-08">08/feb/2014</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFCA53C19C4F4F9C2" box="[889,925,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203260FFEAFB303C19C203F9C2" box="[1260,1386,1627,1653]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFAA43C19C661F92E" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2014-05-04">04/ may/2014</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFE8B3C3DC6FBF92E" box="[343,402,1663,1689]" count="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFE403C3DC6D7F92E" box="[412,446,1663,1689]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Corcavado, Osa Peninsula,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203260FFEAFD263C3DC411F92E" box="[762,888,1663,1689]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFC5D3C3DC498F92E" box="[897,1009,1663,1689]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2014-05">May 2014</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFB9D3C3DC30DF92E" box="[1089,1124,1663,1689]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203260FFEAFF4B3CE1C67CF90A" box="[151,277,1699,1725]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFEFC3CE1C6DCF90A" box="[288,437,1698,1725]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2015-01">January 2015</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFDD43CE1C544F90A" box="[520,557,1699,1725]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Osa Peninsula East,
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFCC03CE1C4EEF90A" box="[796,903,1699,1725]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2016-02">Feb-2016</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFC0A3CE1C493F90A" box="[982,1018,1699,1725]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Osa Peninsula,
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFB6F3CE1C23CF90A" box="[1203,1365,1699,1725]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2021-04-28">28-April-2021</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFF4B3C85C7D5F956" box="[151,188,1735,1761]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFF173C85C62DF956" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1828" box="[203,324,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Castniidae</taxonomicName>
, fecha 6-6-10, Corvado [sic], Rara Amarilla, C 105,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFC763C85C3B2F956" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[938,1243,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">Athis palatinus staudingeri</taxonomicName>
(González det.),
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523260FFEAFF4B3CA9C67DF8B2" box="[151,276,1771,1797]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Corcovado, Fecha
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFE2E3CA9C53FF8B2" box="[498,598,1771,1797]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2010-06-06">6.6.2010</date>
, ex. coll. Zoeller la col. Vinciguerra, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015547974 (RV);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFE0A3D4DC692F89E" box="[470,507,1807,1833]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
;
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413260FFEAFDD43D4DC45FF89E" baseAuthorityName="H. Druce" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[520,822,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Athis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="palatinus" subSpecies="staudingeri">Athis palatinus staudingeri</taxonomicName>
(González det.),
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523260FFEAFC273D4DC310F89E" box="[1019,1145,1807,1833]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="D37A10023260FFEAFB593D4DC3BEF89E" box="[1157,1239,1807,1833]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2009-05">V.2009</date>
, ex col.Zoeller la col. Vinciguerra, Coto Brus,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523260FFEAFE053D71C53FF8FA" box="[473,598,1843,1869]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, C 106, BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015547873 (RV).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

220
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
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<mods:title id="E70581D223DB736023239F3C878FE5B6">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03260FFEAFF4B3EB0C62FFABA" bold="true" box="[151,326,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Athis analibiae</emphasis>
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,
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):
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<paragraph id="A77B36C23260FFEAFF4B3F55C363F9BE" blockId="49.[151,1436,1266,1545]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFF4B3F55C6B5FAE2" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="I. A. Chacon" country="Costa Rica" elevation="55" location="Finca La Selva" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFF4B3F55C7D5FA86" box="[151,188,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
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,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523260FFEAFE9B3F55C6A1FA86" box="[327,456,1303,1329]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203260FFEAFE0B3F55C55AFA86" box="[471,563,1303,1329]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Heredia</collectingRegion>
,
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, I-IV-1983,
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,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03260FFEAFC153F55C49BFA86" box="[969,1010,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">leg.</emphasis>
<collectorName id="0A3153143260FFEAFC213F55C3E5FA86" box="[1021,1164,1303,1329]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">I.A. Chacón</collectorName>
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFE373F79C3F6FACE" collectingDate="1987-04-30" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName=" M. M. Chavarria Diaz" country="Costa Rica" elevation="35" location="Finca la Selva" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="allotype">
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3260FFEAFF4B3F1DC672FACE" box="[151,283,1375,1401]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="1987-04-30">30-IV-1987</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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, INBIOCRI001056101, MNCR-A1056101 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073260FFEAFBE23F1DC3FEFACE" box="[1086,1175,1375,1401]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3260FFEAFB6C3F1DC6B2FA76" collectingDate="2002-02-04" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Coll. D. McKenna" country="Costa Rica" elevation="100" latitude="10.433333" location="Est. Biol. La Selva" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-84.01667" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3260FFEAFB6C3F1DC3BAFACE" box="[1200,1235,1375,1401]" count="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
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,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523260FFEAFA803F1DC7A4FA2A" name="Costa Rica" pageId="49" pageNumber="200">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
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,
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,
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</quantity>
,
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3260FFEAFBBC3FC1C3A7FA2A" box="[1120,1230,1411,1437]" pageId="49" pageNumber="200" value="2002-02-04">4-II-2002</collectingDate>
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, INB0003218720, MNCR-A3218720 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
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</materialsCitation>
.
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421
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Guapiles side, Limón,
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.
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,
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(
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);
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.
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,
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<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3262FFE8FBF039EDC3AAFC7E" box="[1068,1219,943,969]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2018-05-10">10/May/2018</collectingDate>
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(
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);
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<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3262FFE8FACF39EDC5C6FC5A" collectingDate="1989-03" collectingDateMax="2019-05-13" collectingDateMin="1989-03" collectionCode="DC" country="Panama" county="Jacqueline Miller" elevation="350" location="Panama" municipality="Carillo" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
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, Atlantic side, Bribri near
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border, 6-2016 (
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);
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<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FD643991C5B5FC5A" box="[696,732,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
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,
<location id="A21B60193262FFE8FCC23991C33EFC5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43262FFE8FF4B395CC24CFA52:A21B60193262FFE8FCC23991C33EFC5A" box="[798,1111,979,1005]" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" municipality="Carillo" name="Volcan Rincon de La Vieja" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Volcán Rincón de La Vieja</location>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FBB83991C3BBFC5A" box="[1124,1234,979,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2011-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3262FFE8FBB83991C3BBFC5A" box="[1124,1234,979,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2011-05">Mai-2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073262FFE8FB3F3991C266FC5A" box="[1251,1295,979,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">DC</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3262FFE8FAF93991C583FB82" collectingDate="1989-03" collectingDateMax="2019-05-13" collectingDateMin="1989-03" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Biodiversity Survey," country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" elevation="700" latitude="10.990556" location="Volcan Rincon de La Vieja" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-85.42777" municipality="Carillo" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FAF93991C223FC5A" box="[1317,1354,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Estac. Pitilla,
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<elevation id="2CE9D1F13262FFE8FF3439B5C642FBA6" box="[232,299,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
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<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FEEB39B5C601FBA6" box="[311,360,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="km" value="9.0">9km</quantity>
S. Santa Cecilia
</locationDeviation>
, Guanac., Prov.,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FD3839B5C427FBA6" box="[740,846,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1989-03">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3262FFE8FD3839B5C427FBA6" box="[740,846,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1989-03">Mar1989</collectingDate>
</date>
, GNP
<collectorName id="0A3153143262FFE8FC4B39B5C317FBA6" box="[919,1150,1015,1041]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Biodiversity Survey,</collectorName>
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053262FFE8FB5939B5C265FBA6" box="[1157,1292,1014,1041]" degrees="85" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-85.42777">W 85 25 40</geoCoordinate>
,
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, INBIOCRI001056099, MNCR-A1056099 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073262FFE8FD593E59C5B7FB82" box="[645,734,1051,1077]" collectionName="Costa Rica, San Jose, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">MNCR</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3262FFE8FD283E59C267FBEE" collectingDate="1990-03" collectingDateMax="2019-05-13" collectingDateMin="1989-03" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="P. Rios &amp; R. Blanco" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" elevation="700" location="Guanacaste" municipality="Carillo" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="11" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FD283E59C47EFB82" box="[756,791,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Estac. Pitilla,
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13262FFE8FC143E59C362FB82" box="[968,1035,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="700.0">
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FC143E59C362FB82" box="[968,1035,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<locationDeviation id="B6C92FE03262FFE8FBC43E59C26FFB82" box="[1048,1286,1051,1077]" location="Santa Cecilia" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FBC43E59C323FB82" box="[1048,1098,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="km" value="9.0">9km</quantity>
S Santa Cecilia
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FAC83E59C2F1FB82" box="[1300,1432,1051,1077]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FF4B3E7DC663FBEE" box="[151,266,1087,1113]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1990-03">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3262FFE8FF4B3E7DC663FBEE" box="[151,266,1087,1113]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1990-03">Mar 1990</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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&amp;
<collectorName id="0A3153143262FFE8FE523E7DC56AFBEE" box="[398,515,1087,1113]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">R. Blanco</collectorName>
, 330200, 380200, INBIOCRI00091782, MNCR-A191782 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073262FFE8FB753E7DC26BFBEE" box="[1193,1282,1087,1113]" collectionName="Costa Rica, San Jose, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">MNCR</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3262FFE8FAC43E7DC6EAFB16" collectingDate="2012-07" collectingDateMax="2019-05-13" collectingDateMin="1989-03" collectionCode="MNCR" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" elevation="742" location="Rio Blanquito" municipality="Carillo" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FAC43E7DC255FBEE" box="[1304,1340,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FA973E7DC2F0FBEE" box="[1355,1433,1087,1113]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Limón</collectingRegion>
, Pococí, Guapiles,
<location id="A21B60193262FFE8FEBD3E21C569FBCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43262FFE8FF4B395CC24CFA52:A21B60193262FFE8FEBD3E21C569FBCA" box="[353,512,1123,1149]" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" municipality="Carillo" name="Rio Blanquito" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" stateProvince="Limon">Río Blanquito</location>
,
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13262FFE8FDD63E21C524FBCA" box="[522,589,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.42" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="742.0">
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FDD63E21C524FBCA" box="[522,589,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.42" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="742.0">742m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 100647.8 -834854.2,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FC993E21C4D5FBCA" box="[837,956,1123,1149]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2012-07">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3262FFE8FC993E21C4D5FBCA" box="[837,956,1123,1149]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2012-07">Julio 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, Isac Rodríguez, MNCR-E 55727, MNCR- A5055727 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073262FFE8FEC23EC5C61EFB16" box="[286,375,1159,1185]" collectionName="Costa Rica, San Jose, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">MNCR</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3262FFE8FE503EC5C66DFB5E" collectingDate="2001-04-20" collectingDateMax="2001-04-28" collectingDateMin="2001-04-20" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="G. Rodriguez" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" elevation="700" location="Upala" municipality="Carillo" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Alajuela" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FE503EC5C6D8FB16" box="[396,433,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FDDD3EC5C50AFB16" box="[513,611,1159,1185]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="A21B60193262FFE8FDAC3EC5C5DFFB16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43262FFE8FF4B395CC24CFA52:A21B60193262FFE8FDAC3EC5C5DFFB16" box="[624,694,1159,1185]" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" municipality="Carillo" name="Upala" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" stateProvince="Alajuela">Upala</location>
, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Alb. Heliconias, S. Heliconias,
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13262FFE8FAFB3EC5C203FB16" box="[1319,1386,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="700.0">
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FAFB3EC5C203FB16" box="[1319,1386,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FAAB3EC5C629FB72" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2001-04-20" valueMax="2001-04-28" valueMin="2001-04-20">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3262FFE8FAAB3EC5C629FB72" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2001-04-20" valueMax="2001-04-28" valueMin="2001-04-20">20- 28 ABR 2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143262FFE8FE8D3EE9C69BFB72" box="[337,498,1195,1221]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">G. Rodríguez</collectorName>
, T de Luz, L_N_422600_299100. #62069, INB0003177053, MNCR-A3177053 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073262FFE8FF433E8DC791FB5E" box="[159,248,1231,1257]" collectionName="Costa Rica, San Jose, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">MNCR</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3262FFE8FED23E8DC20CFABA" collectingDate="2009-03-27" collectingDateMax="2019-05-13" collectingDateMin="1989-03" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="I. Chacon &amp; A. Barrientos" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" elevation="167" location="Est. Biol. La Tirimbina" municipality="Carillo" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="11" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FED23E8DC658FB5E" box="[270,305,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FE5B3E8DC68AFB5E" box="[391,483,1231,1257]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Sarapiquí,
<location id="A21B60193262FFE8FDB13E8DC414FB5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43262FFE8FF4B395CC24CFA52:A21B60193262FFE8FDB13E8DC414FB5E" box="[621,893,1231,1257]" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" municipality="Carillo" name="Est. Biol. La Tirimbina" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" stateProvince="Heredia">Est. Biol. La Tirimbina</location>
, Mirador,
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13262FFE8FC2B3E8DC350FB5E" box="[1015,1081,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="167.0">
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FC2B3E8DC350FB5E" box="[1015,1081,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="167.0">167m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FB943E8DC39AFB5E" box="[1096,1267,1231,1257]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2009-03-27">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3262FFE8FB943E8DC39AFB5E" box="[1096,1267,1231,1257]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2009-03-27">27 MAR 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143262FFE8FADD3E8DC21DFB5E" box="[1281,1396,1231,1257]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">I. Chacón</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143262FFE8FA5D3E8DC666FABA" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">A. Barrientos</collectorName>
, Colecta Libre, L_N_266268_523359. #96191, INB0004209318, MNCR-A4209318 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073262FFE8FADC3EB1C230FABA" box="[1280,1369,1267,1293]" collectionName="Costa Rica, San Jose, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">MNCR</collectionCode>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3262FFE8FAAE3EB1C451FAE2" collectingDate="1995-04-03" collectingDateMax="1995-04-24" collectingDateMin="1995-04-03" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="E. Alfaro" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" elevation="700" location="Santa Cecilia" municipality="Carillo" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="11" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FAAE3EB1C2FCFABA" box="[1394,1429,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Estación Pitilla, 9Km S de
<location id="A21B60193262FFE8FE113F55C50FFA86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43262FFE8FF4B395CC24CFA52:A21B60193262FFE8FE113F55C50FFA86" box="[461,614,1303,1329]" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" municipality="Carillo" name="Santa Cecilia" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Santa Cecilia</location>
,
<location id="A21B60193262FFE8FDAE3F55C461FA86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43262FFE8FF4B395CC24CFA52:A21B60193262FFE8FDAE3F55C461FA86" box="[626,776,1303,1329]" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" municipality="Carillo" name="Prov. Guana." pageId="51" pageNumber="202" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Prov. Guana.</location>
,
<elevation id="2CE9D1F13262FFE8FCC83F55C43EFA86" box="[788,855,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="700.0">
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FCC83F55C43EFA86" box="[788,855,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</quantity>
</elevation>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FCBF3F55C373FA86" box="[867,1050,1302,1329]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1995-04-03" valueMax="1995-04-24" valueMin="1995-04-03">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA3262FFE8FCBF3F55C373FA86" box="[867,1050,1302,1329]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1995-04-03" valueMax="1995-04-24" valueMin="1995-04-03">3-24 ABR 1995</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A3153143262FFE8FBFB3F55C3F8FA86" box="[1063,1169,1303,1329]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">E. Alfaro</collectorName>
, L_N_329950_380450. #5923, INBIOCRI002338862, MNCR-A2338862 (
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.,
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, April. 1930 (
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<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FB673FC1C389FA2A" box="[1211,1248,1411,1437]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03262FFE8FB2E3FC1C2F4FA2A" box="[1266,1437,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Gazera carilla</emphasis>
Schaus, Carrillo CR
</taxonomicName>
,
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(
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,
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03262FFE8FD503FE5C459FA76" box="[652,816,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Gazera carilla</emphasis>
Schaus
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523262FFE8FC4D3FE5C379FA76" box="[913,1040,1447,1473]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.,
<location id="A21B60193262FFE8FBC23FE5C306FA76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43262FFE8FF4B395CC24CFA52:A21B60193262FFE8FBC23FE5C306FA76" box="[1054,1135,1447,1473]" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" municipality="Carillo" name="Carillo" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Carillo</location>
, 2. V, W. Schaus., 1911-32. (
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<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F3262FFE8FEFE3F89C24CFA52" box="[290,1317,1483,1509]" collectingDate="1989-03" collectingDateMax="2019-05-13" collectingDateMin="1989-03" collectionCode="NHMUK, MGCL" country="Costa Rica" county="Jacqueline Miller" elevation="350" location="Carillo" municipality="Carillo" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
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,
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, Costa Rica,
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<emphasis id="95B0EAD03262FFE8FDEB3F89C5EBFA52" box="[567,642,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">carilla</emphasis>
Schs
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia vial no. M-3639 Jacqueline Miller (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE073262FFE8FB1D3F89C271FA52" box="[1217,1304,1483,1509]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">MGCL</collectionCode>
).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

265
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<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FDB83C85C5EEF956" box="[612,647,1735,1761]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FD423C85C475F956" box="[670,796,1735,1761]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
, P. Nal. Corcovado, Est. Sirena, 13-V-86, R Canet, INBIOCRI001056100, MNCR-A1056100 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FD2C3CA9C47AF8B2" box="[752,787,1771,1797]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FCFE3CA9C4CFF8B2" box="[802,934,1771,1797]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Parque N. Santa Rosa,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413263FFE9FB6B3CA9C2F1F8B2" authority="administrativa" authorityName="Administrativa" box="[1207,1432,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area administrativa</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FF4B3D4DC67AF89E" box="[151,275,1807,1833]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1992-07">
Julio
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FF043D4DC67AF89E" box="[216,275,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9922999999999997" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="1992300.0">1992</quantity>
</date>
, 300m, R. Mortaga M., INBIOCRI001109511, MNCR-A1109511 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FB543D4DC3C2F89E" box="[1160,1195,1807,1833]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FB603D4DC229F89E" box="[1212,1344,1807,1833]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Parque N. Santa Rosa,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413263FFE9FE9B3D71C540F8FA" authority="administrativa" authorityName="Administrativa" box="[327,553,1843,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area administrativa</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FDE93D71C5C6F8FA" box="[565,687,1843,1869]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1992-07">
Julio
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FDA83D71C5C6F8FA" box="[628,687,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9922999999999997" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="1992300.0">1992</quantity>
</date>
, 300m, R. Mortaga M., INBIOCRI001109514, MNCR-A1109514 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FED53D15C642F8C6" box="[265,299,1879,1905]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Estación Santa Rosa, P. N. Santa Rosa, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FCC23D15C4CBF8C6" box="[798,930,1879,1905]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FC773D15C484F8C6" box="[939,1005,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FC2A3D15C334F8C6" box="[1014,1117,1879,1905]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1993-06">Jun 1993</date>
, W. Hallwachs, D. H. Janzen, L_N_313000_359800. #2249, INBIOCRI001935980, MNCR-A1935980 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FBB63D39C3E7F822" box="[1130,1166,1915,1941]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Estación Santa Rosa, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FF063DDDC637F80E" box="[218,350,1951,1977]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273263FFE9FEB63DDDC6C5F80E" box="[362,428,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FE653DDDC550F80E" box="[441,569,1950,1977]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1995-06">Junio 1995</date>
, D. H. Janzen, W. Hallwachs, L_N_313000_359800, INBIOCRI002427675, MNCR-A2427675 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3263FFE9FE353D81C565F86A" box="[489,524,1987,2013]" count="1" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Santa Rosa National Park,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203263FFE9FC893D81C32FF86A" box="[853,1094,1987,2013]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="50" pageNumber="201">Guanacaste Province</collectingRegion>
, D. H. Janzen,
<date id="D37A10023263FFE9FB263D81C2F1F86A" box="[1274,1432,1987,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="201" value="1980-06-24">24 June 1980</date>
, INBIOCRI002607802, MNCR-A2607802 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FD293AD5C473FF06" box="[757,794,151,177]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Santa Rosa National Park,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FBBE3AD5C243FF06" box="[1122,1322,151,177]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste Prov.</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FAE43AD4C7BBFF62" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1982-06-01" valueMax="1982-06-15" valueMin="1982-06-01">
1-15 Jun
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FF4B3AF9C7BBFF62" box="[151,210,187,213]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9823" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="1982300.0">1982</quantity>
</date>
, 300m, D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, INBIOCRI002607803, MNCR-A2607803 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FACB3AF9C255FF62" box="[1303,1340,187,213]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Sirena, Corcovado Nat. Pk. Osa Peninsula,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FDF83A9DC5B2FF4E" box="[548,731,223,249]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1980-03-13" valueMax="1980-03-22" valueMin="1980-03-13">13-22 Mar 1980</date>
, D. H. Janzen &amp; W Hallwachs, INBIOCRI002607804, MNCR- A2607804 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FE4E3B41C6DFFEAA" box="[402,438,259,285]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Santa Rosa National Park,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FCDA3B41C4B9FEAA" box="[774,976,259,285]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste Prov.</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FC3C3B41C33CFEAA" box="[992,1109,259,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1982-07">
July
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FBC63B41C33CFEAA" box="[1050,1109,259,285]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9823" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="1982300.0">1982</quantity>
</date>
, 300m, D. H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs, INBIOCRI002607805, MNCR-A2607805 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FCB63B65C4E4FEF6" box="[874,909,295,321]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FC453B65C492FEF6" box="[921,1019,295,321]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">San José</collectingRegion>
, Ciudad
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413262FFE8FB873B65C225FEF6" authority=", Z. P. El Rodeo" authorityName="Z. P. El Rodeo" box="[1115,1356,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colon">Colón, Z. P. El Rodeo</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FA893B65C2F1FEF6" box="[1365,1432,295,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="800.0">800m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FF4B3B09C658FED2" box="[151,305,331,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1996-08-02">2Agosto1996</date>
, Col. G. Vega, MNCR-E 55725 (MNCR18845), MNCR-A5055725 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FB7E3B09C3ACFED2" box="[1186,1221,331,357]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FAC83B09C2F1FED2" box="[1300,1432,331,357]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413262FFE8FF4B3B2DC6FBFE3E" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[151,402,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FE453B2DC574FE3E" box="[409,541,367,393]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector Santa Rosa,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413262FFE8FCDF3B2DC482FE3E" authority="Administrativa" authorityName="Administrativa" box="[771,1003,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area Administrativa</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FC2B3B2CC350FE3E" box="[1015,1081,366,393]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="295.0">295m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FB993B2DC3BFFE3E" box="[1093,1238,367,393]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1997-06-10">10-Jun-1997</date>
, Col. DH Janzen, 97-SRNP-2423 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053262FFE8FE3D3BD1C558FE1A" box="[481,561,403,429]" degrees="10.838" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="10.838">10.838</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053262FFE8FDE13BD0C5FAFE1A" box="[573,659,402,429]" degrees="85.619" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="-85.619">-85.619</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FCCE3BD1C45CFE1A" box="[786,821,403,429]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FC593BD1C360FE1A" box="[901,1033,403,429]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413262FFE8FBCF3BD1C264FE1A" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[1043,1293,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FAC83BD1C2F1FE1A" box="[1300,1432,403,429]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector Santa Rosa,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413262FFE8FEA33BF5C502FE66" authority="Administrativa" authorityName="Administrativa" box="[383,619,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area Administrativa</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FDA73BF4C5D4FE66" box="[635,701,438,465]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="295.0">295m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FD123BF5C40EFE66" box="[718,871,439,465]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="2001-08-16">16-Aug-2001</date>
, Col. DH Janzen, 01-SRNP-16558 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053262FFE8FF4B3B99C78EFE42" box="[151,231,475,501]" degrees="10.838" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="10.838">10.838</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053262FFE8FF2B3B98C624FE42" box="[247,333,474,501]" degrees="85.619" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="-85.619">-85.619</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FE083B99C69EFE42" box="[468,503,475,501]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FD923B99C5BBFE42" box="[590,722,475,501]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413262FFE8FD3C3B99C48BFE42" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[736,994,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FC313B99C318FE42" box="[1005,1137,475,501]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector Santa Rosa,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413262FFE8FABA3B99C62BFDAE" authority="Administrativa" authorityName="Administrativa" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area Administrativa</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FE923BBCC6F9FDAE" box="[334,400,510,537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="295.0">295m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FE413BBDC544FDAE" box="[413,557,511,537]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1993-06-19">19-Jun-1993</date>
, Col. Gusaneros, 93-SRNP-2458 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053262FFE8FB9C3BBDC3F9FDAE" box="[1088,1168,511,537]" degrees="10.838" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="10.838">10.838</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053262FFE8FB403BBCC39BFDAE" box="[1180,1266,510,537]" degrees="85.619" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="-85.619">-85.619</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FAAE3BBDC2FCFDAE" box="[1394,1429,511,537]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FF043861C635FD8A" box="[216,348,547,573]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413262FFE8FEB93861C534FD8A" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[357,605,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203262FFE8FDB83861C581FD8A" box="[612,744,547,573]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector Santa Rosa,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413262FFE8FC153861C3D9FD8A" authority="Administrativa" authorityName="Administrativa" box="[969,1200,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area Administrativa</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273262FFE8FB663860C394FD8A" box="[1210,1277,546,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.95" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" unit="m" value="295.0">295m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FAD43861C2FEFD8A" box="[1288,1431,547,573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1993-06-22">22-Jun-1993</date>
, Col. Gusaneros, 93-SRNP-2665 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053262FFE8FD783805C59DFDD6" box="[676,756,583,609]" degrees="10.838" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="10.838">10.838</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053262FFE8FCDD3804C43EFDD6" box="[769,855,582,609]" degrees="85.619" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="-85.619">-85.619</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FC063805C495FDD6" box="[986,1020,583,609]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Turrialba. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FACD3805C25CFDD6" box="[1297,1333,583,609]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523262FFE8FA983805C7B4FD32" name="Costa Rica" pageId="51" pageNumber="202">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
, Osa Peninsula, Corcovado, Sirena,
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FDAC3829C595FD32" box="[624,764,619,645]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1981-02-11">11 Feb 1981</date>
, J. Mallet, Mallet Coll., BMNH (E) 2011-63 aq. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3262FFE8FF4B38CDC7D3FD1E" box="[151,186,655,681]" count="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Costa Rica, Osa Peninsula, Morona [sic],
<date id="D37A10023262FFE8FD4A38CDC596FD1E" box="[662,767,655,681]" pageId="51" pageNumber="202" value="1977-01-24">24.i.1977</date>
P de Vries, Slide No. M-6400 legs, etc. Jacqueline Y. Miller, Allyn Museum Acc. 1977-21 (MGCL) [according to Philip DeVries (pers. comm.) the locality shown on the labels is incorrect since the specimen was collected in Llorona].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

152
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<document id="94CF41918614A2D26BB299C289A20CE3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12749637" ID-ZooBank="547F19D4-4558-4D8A-8D01-2ECCCB133A5D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1721126227322" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="García-Díaz, José De Jesús, Espinoza-Sanabria, Bernardo A., Worthy, Robert, González, Jorge M., Janzen, Daniel H. &amp; Hallwachs, Winnie" docDate="2024" docId="2F6D87D43263FFE9FF4B3F1CC43BF9BE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5481.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5481 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Athis clitarcha" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="201" masterDocId="D354FFAC3251FFDBFFDC3A42C769FFB7" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="202" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="201" updateTime="1721162569329" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="DCB29C61216CBE5E1B82A8ADD6650177">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:role id="D6A763395EAFEF8C8EC5D4D8121D8A41">
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<mods:namePart id="83C3B4D26EDFE28481E1231FA1F3A0FB">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="3CFBA971AD7DF15D26FD69A0E274882F">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0127AAB988C108E869392047EC2F1F30" type="personal">
<mods:role id="652A1ACA3FB2A6670734DC3BBDC25869">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6C943261F33D7114CB554AF0BD9B7DE4">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="048FDCB3FC64952447D120516076499E">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9FD74C356A9E5FCA31AF85B4D4F49053">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2364609CBDD13147628E709C17887BCD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F30D2A288D23E168F1CCB003EB5866F6">
<mods:date id="9EE3A519A3B3921E6C7B743CCE21874B">2024</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="32C2545675351740597DAD249601F723" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="14324C1E3763767BC38E01B4BF6145B2">2024-07-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1B96B46A7004B85A64E780483421C854" type="volume">
<mods:number id="85B8ED89A01794B3101DD77A06E138B7">5481</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9EF96CB04F477CE98917002CAB83565E">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D39C1D8D9F55D58AFD9E594C11C83625">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="54B21ABB8D87DFCFD0C47D50A871ECF2" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5481.2.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="684A448A1BB7DEC13DF61B1A7139C450" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1A9B6895F9040B43C6DF1C6F5A33C04A" type="Zenodo-Dep">12749637</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2F6D87D43277FFFCFF4B3B2DC4BFFB5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D43277FFFCFF4B3B2DC4BFFB5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F6D87D43277FFFCFF4B3B2DC4BFFB5E" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="189" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493277FFFDFF4B3B2DC579FE3A" box="[151,528,367,397]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23277FFFDFF4B3B2DC579FE3A" blockId="38.[151,1437,367,2014]" box="[151,528,367,397]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<heading id="FC3381AE3277FFFDFF4B3B2DC579FE3A" bold="true" box="[151,528,367,397]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" reason="1">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03277FFFDFF4B3B2DC579FE3A" bold="true" box="[151,528,367,397]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413277FFFDFF4B3B2DC63AFE3E" ID-CoL="CKBD" authority="(Boisduval, 1875)" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[151,339,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="procera">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03277FFFDFF4B3B2DC63AFE3E" bold="true" box="[151,339,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Amauta procera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFEBE3B33C6C3FE3A" box="[354,426,369,397]" count="39" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">39♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFE6B3B33C569FE3A" box="[439,512,369,397]" count="32" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">32♀♀</specimenCount>
):
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE65493277FFFCFF4B3BD1C4BFFB5E" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A77B36C23277FFFCFF4B3BD1C4BFFB5E" blockId="38.[151,1437,367,2014]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,150,1257]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFF4B3BD1C7D5FE1A" box="[151,188,403,429]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03277FFFDFF123BD1C791FE1A" box="[206,248,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">leg.</emphasis>
Schaus, Dognin Collection, USNMENT01492468 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFC083BD1C366FE1A" box="[980,1039,403,429]" count="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
, Roca river, Cerros de Guácimo,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFF4B3BF5C78CFE66" box="[151,229,439,465]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFF2F3BF5C654FE65" box="[243,317,439,466]" count="450" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="generic">
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFF2F3BF5C650FE65" box="[243,313,439,466]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="450.0">450m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFE973BFAC6A8FE66" box="[331,449,439,466]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2012-06">June 2012</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFDC73BF5C529FE66" box="[539,576,439,465]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Guápiles,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFD193BF5C47AFE66" box="[709,787,439,465]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFCFD3BF5C403FE65" box="[801,874,439,466]" count="650" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="generic">
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFCFD3BF5C40FFE65" box="[801,870,439,466]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="650.0">650m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFCAB3BF5C360FE66" box="[887,1033,439,465]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2011-08">August 2011</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFBB83BF5C3EEFE66" box="[1124,1159,439,465]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Guápiles,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFAD13BF5C232FE66" box="[1293,1371,439,465]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFAB53BFAC7A6FE42" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2012-05">May 2012</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFEFE3B99C62CFE42" box="[290,325,475,501]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, San Vito,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFE1C3B99C530FE42" box="[448,601,475,501]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2013-10">October 2013</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFD703B99C58EFE42" box="[684,743,475,501]" count="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFD2E3B99C4C0FE42" box="[754,937,475,501]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón Province</collectingRegion>
, Guápiles, Pococí Buenos Aires, Santa
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413277FFFDFABC3B99C7BEFDAE" authority="River" authorityName="River" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara">Clara River</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFF3E3BBDC642FDAD" box="[226,299,511,538]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFEEB3BBDC6C2FDAE" box="[311,427,511,537]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2012-06">June-2012</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFE273BBDC55CFDAE" box="[507,565,511,537]" count="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFD9D3BBDC590FDAE" box="[577,761,511,537]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón Province</collectingRegion>
, Guápiles,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFCAA3BBDC488FDAE" box="[886,993,511,537]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2010-09">Sep-2010</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFBEC3BBDC33CFDAE" box="[1072,1109,511,537]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Est. Hitoy-Cerere,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFAE93BBDC211FDAE" box="[1333,1400,511,537]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</quantity>
, R. Cerere, Res. Biol. Hitoy Cerere, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFD943861C5FFFD8A" box="[584,662,547,573]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, G. Carballo,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFCEE3861C4FDFD8A" box="[818,916,547,573]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1991-07">Jul 1991</date>
, L-N-184200, 643300, INBIOCRI001110672, MNCR-A1110672 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFE353805C565FDD6" box="[489,524,583,609]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFDC1380AC5F2FDD5" box="[541,667,584,610]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
, Sn. Vito, Las Cruces, Jardín Botánico,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFBAC3805C239FDD6" box="[1136,1360,583,609]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1987-08-24" valueMax="1987-08-27" valueMin="1987-08-24">24-27 Agosto 1987</date>
, L. D. Gounez, INBIOCRI001055983, MNCR-A1055983 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFC8D3829C41FFD32" box="[849,886,619,645]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFC5E382EC369FD31" box="[898,1024,620,646]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
, Monteverde, La Casona,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFAF93829C21FFD31" box="[1317,1398,619,646]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="1520.0">1520m</quantity>
, K. Martinez, Set-Oct. 1995, INBIOCRI002340566, MNCR-A2340566 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFBC738CDC356FD1E" box="[1051,1087,655,681]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFB9238CDC3F5FD1E" box="[1102,1180,655,681]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, Hytoy Cerere,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFA8938CDC2F1FD1E" box="[1365,1432,655,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</quantity>
, G. Carballo,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFEEC38F1C6FEFD7A" box="[304,407,691,717]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1993-07">Jul 1993</date>
, INBIOCRI001133661, MNCR-A1133661 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFBD938F1C343FD7A" box="[1029,1066,691,717]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFBE638F1C3E1FD7A" box="[1082,1160,691,717]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, Hytoy Cerere, 100, G. Carballo,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFED93895C60EFD46" box="[261,359,727,753]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1993-07">Jul 1993</date>
, INBIOCRI001133660, MNCR-A1133660 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFC1E3895C48FFD46" box="[962,998,727,753]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFC2E3895C329FD46" box="[1010,1088,727,753]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, R. B. Hytoy Cerere,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFAF23895C21FFD45" box="[1326,1398,727,754]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
, G. Carballo,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFEDB38B9C6E8FCA2" box="[263,385,763,789]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1992-07">Julio 1992</date>
, INBIOCRI001110670, MNCR-A1110670 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFC3F38B9C36EFCA2" box="[995,1031,763,789]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFBC938B9C30AFCA2" box="[1045,1123,763,789]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, R. B. Hitoy Cerere,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFA8938B9C2F1FCA2" box="[1365,1432,763,789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</quantity>
, G. Carballo,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFEEE395DC6C6FC8E" box="[306,431,799,825]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1992-07">Julio 1992</date>
, INBIOCRI001109449, MNCR-A1109449 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFBFD395DC32CFC8E" box="[1057,1093,799,825]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFB8A395DC3CDFC8E" box="[1110,1188,799,825]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, R. B. Hitoy Cerere,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFF4B3901C7B3FCEA" box="[151,218,835,861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="100.0">100m</quantity>
, G. Carballo,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFE543901C56FFCEA" box="[392,518,835,861]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1992-07">Julio 1992</date>
, INBIOCRI001111582, MNCR-A1111582 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFBA53901C3F4FCEA" box="[1145,1181,835,861]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFB6C3901C397FCEA" box="[1200,1278,835,861]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, R. B. Hitoy Cerere,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFF2F3925C629FC35" box="[243,320,871,898]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
, G. Carballo,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFE3A3925C50BFC36" box="[486,610,871,897]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1992-07">Julio 1992</date>
, INBIOCRI001109450, MNCR-A1109450 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFB123925C39BFC36" box="[1230,1266,871,897]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFADE3925C239FC36" box="[1282,1360,871,897]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, R. B. Hitoy Cerere,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFEE839C9C615FC11" box="[308,380,907,934]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</quantity>
, R. Barton,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFDDC39C9C51EFC12" box="[512,631,907,933]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1999-07">Julio 1999</date>
, INB0003042917, MNCR-A3042917 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFB4939C9C3D0FC12" box="[1173,1209,907,933]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFB1839C9C249FC12" box="[1220,1312,907,933]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Sarapiqui, Puerto Viejo, La Selva,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFE7039EDC689FC7E" box="[428,480,943,969]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="40.0">40m</quantity>
, M. M. Chavarría, 31Julio-30Agosto de 1987, INB0003539242, MNCR-A3539242 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFED33991C65AFC5A" box="[271,307,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFE9E3991C6CDFC5A" box="[322,420,979,1005]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, Guatuso, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Catarta Río Buena Vista,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFB933991C3ACFC5A" box="[1103,1221,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="700.0">700-800m</quantity>
, J. Azofeifa,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFABF3991C7BBFBA6" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2014-06">junio 2014</date>
, INB0004412481, MNCR-A4412481 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFCDF39B5C44EFBA6" box="[771,807,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFCE439B5C4EFFBA6" box="[824,902,1015,1041]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, Valle de
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413277FFFDFB3039B5C20AFBA6" box="[1260,1379,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Lycorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="199" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="estrella">la Estrella</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFAAE39B5C7C6FB81" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</quantity>
, E. Rojas, B. Gamboa,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFE623E59C523FB82" box="[446,586,1051,1077]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2003-09-18">18 Set 2003</date>
, INB0003784150, MNCR-A3784150 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFBAE3E59C3FCFB82" box="[1138,1173,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFB7F3E59C26CFB82" box="[1187,1285,1051,1077]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, San Ramón, Estación Biológica Villa Blanca,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFDC93E7DC50DFBED" box="[533,612,1087,1114]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.115" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="1115.0">1115m</quantity>
, R. Rojas,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFD383E7DC410FBEE" box="[740,889,1087,1113]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2009-08">Agosto 2009</date>
, INB0004239875, MNCR-A4239875 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFF4B3E21C7D3FBCA" box="[151,186,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFF1A3E21C641FBCA" box="[198,296,1123,1149]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, San Ramón, Estación Biológica Villa Blanca,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFCEC3E21C417FBC9" box="[816,894,1123,1150]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.115" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="1115.0">1115m</quantity>
, R. Rojas,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFC293E21C304FBCA" box="[1013,1133,1123,1149]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2010-07">Julio 2010</date>
, INB0004249188, MNCR- A4249188 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFE583EC5C6CEFB16" box="[388,423,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFE2D3EC5C53AFB16" box="[497,595,1159,1185]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Estación El Pilón,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFBC83EC5C3E3FB16" box="[1044,1162,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="700.0">700-800m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFB4F3EC5C27CFB15" box="[1171,1301,1159,1186]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2005-07-13">13 Jul 2005</date>
, J.Azofeifa, L_N_298212_427913, INB0003958738, MNCR-A3958738 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFC693EE9C4B1FB72" box="[949,984,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFC3B3EE9C32AFB72" box="[999,1091,1195,1221]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Sarapiquí, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFEE53E8DC612FB5E" box="[313,379,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="167.0">167m</quantity>
, E. Rojas,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFE2E3E8DC506FB5E" box="[498,623,1231,1257]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2011-04">Abril 2011</date>
, INB0004288876, MNCR-A4288876 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFB4E3E8DC3DCFB5E" box="[1170,1205,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFB1F3E8DC276FB5E" box="[1219,1311,1231,1257]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Sarapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFDCC3EB1C530FAB9" box="[528,601,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="167.0">167 m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFDB93EB1C59BFABA" box="[613,754,1267,1294]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2011-04-05">5 ABR 2011</date>
, E. Rojas,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413277FFFDFCB63EB1C3C6FAB9" authority=", Colecta Libre, L" authorityName="Colecta Libre, L" box="[874,1199,1267,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Cyanostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">C. Miranda, Colecta Libre, L</taxonomicName>
_N_266268_523359, INB0004288877, MNCR-A4288877 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFD653F55C5B5FA86" box="[697,732,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFD313F55C452FA86" box="[749,827,1303,1329]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, Reserva Barra de Colorado, Río Sardinas,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFAE63F55C210FA85" box="[1338,1401,1303,1330]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
, F. V. Araya,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFED13F7EC6FAFAE2" box="[269,403,1339,1366]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1994-05">Mayo 1994</date>
, INBIOCRI002036198, MNCR-A2036198 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFBDC3F79C34AFAE2" box="[1024,1059,1339,1365]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFBE83F79C3F9FAE2" box="[1076,1168,1339,1365]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, P. N. Braulio Carrillo, Estació Magsasay,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFEA63F1DC6D5FACE" box="[378,444,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="200.0">200m</quantity>
, M. Zumbado,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFDA53F1DC595FACE" box="[633,764,1375,1401]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1981-04">Abril 1981</date>
, INBIOCRI001110669, MNCR-A1110669 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFAAE3F1DC2FCFACE" box="[1394,1429,1375,1401]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFF4B3FC1C78CFA2A" box="[151,229,1411,1437]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, Tortuguero, Barra del Colorado,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFDAE3FC1C5D8FA29" box="[626,689,1411,1438]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
, F. Araya,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFCE93FC1C4C6FA2A" box="[821,943,1411,1437]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1994-07">julio 1994</date>
, INBIOCRI001848107, MNCR-A1848107 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFED33FE5C65BFA76" box="[271,306,1447,1473]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFE983FE5C6FBFA76" box="[324,402,1447,1473]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Limón</collectingRegion>
, Valle
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413277FFFDFE393FEAC34EFA76" authority=", Hitoy Cerere, G. Carballo, Set. 1992" authorityName="Hitoy Cerere, G. Carballo, Set." authorityYear="1992" box="[485,1063,1447,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Lycorea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="estrella">La Estrella, Hitoy Cerere, G. Carballo, Set. 1992</taxonomicName>
, INBIOCRI001110096, MNCR- A1110096 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFE513F89C6D9FA52" box="[397,432,1483,1509]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFDDB3F8EC5ECFA51" box="[519,645,1484,1510]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
, Estación Altamira, 1Km S del Cerro Biolley,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFB743F89C250FA51" box="[1192,1337,1483,1510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="1.45" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="1375.0" valueMax="1450.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300-1450m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFA943F8EC65DF9BE" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1997-08-07" valueMax="1997-09-07" valueMin="1997-08-07">7 AGO - 7 SET 1997</date>
, R. Villalobos, L_S_331700_572100. #47760, INBIOCRI002406599, MNCR-A2406599 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFF4B3C51C7D3F99A" box="[151,186,1555,1581]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFED73C51C604F99A" box="[267,365,1555,1581]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Laguna La Carmela, Finca Juan Jarquín,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFB973C51C3A8F99A" box="[1099,1217,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="700.0">700-800m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFB123C51C232F99A" box="[1230,1371,1555,1582]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2007-06-01">1 JUN 2007</date>
, J. A. Azofeifa, Libre. L_N_298300_425900. #91668, INB0004105699, MNCR-A4105699 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFB143C75C382F9E6" box="[1224,1259,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFAEA3C75C2F1F9E6" box="[1334,1432,1591,1617]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, San Ramón, Est. Biol. Villa Blanca,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFDE53C19C5EEF9C1" box="[569,647,1627,1654]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.115" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="1115.0">1115m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFD4E3C19C47BF9C2" box="[658,786,1627,1653]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2010-08">AGO 2010</date>
, R. Rojas, Colecta Libre, L_N_242482_483371. #99638, INB0004250358, MNCR-A4250358 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFD6B3C3DC5B3F92E" box="[695,730,1663,1689]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFCEC3C3DC4E5F92E" box="[816,908,1663,1689]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Sartapiquí, Est. Biol. La Tirimbina, Mirador,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFF4B3CE1C7B3F90A" box="[151,218,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.67" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="167.0">167m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFF383CE1C6EFF90A" box="[228,390,1699,1725]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2009-05-24">24 MAY 2009</date>
, I. Chacón, A. Barrientos, Tp. Luz, L_N_266268_523359. #96905, INB0004216547, MNCR- A4216547 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFE573C85C6C6F956" box="[395,431,1735,1761]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFE613C85C570F956" box="[445,537,1735,1761]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Sarapiquí, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFBFC3C85C3FCF956" box="[1056,1173,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100-200m</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413277FFFDFB7E3C85C24FF956" box="[1186,1318,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Cyanostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">C. Miranda</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFAEE3C85C7BBF8B2" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2009-03-15">15 marzo 2009</date>
, INB0004388059, MNCR-A4388059 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFCDE3CA9C44FF8B2" box="[770,806,1771,1797]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFCEA3CA9C4FBF8B2" box="[822,914,1771,1797]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Sarapiquí, Estación Biológica La Tirimbina,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFF4B3D4DC664F89E" box="[151,269,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100-200m</quantity>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413277FFFDFEC73D4DC6C9F89E" box="[283,416,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Torymidae" genus="Cyanostola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miranda">C. Miranda</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFE713D4DC53CF89E" box="[429,597,1807,1834]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2012-05-18">18 mayo 2012</date>
, INB0004415814, MNCR-A4415814 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFB5C3D4DC3CAF89E" box="[1152,1187,1807,1833]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFB293D4DC23EF89E" box="[1269,1367,1807,1833]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, P. N. Volcán Tenorio, Estación El Pilón,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFDC33D71C5FCF8FA" box="[543,661,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="700.0">700-800m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFD7C3D71C42BF8F9" box="[672,834,1843,1870]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="2005-05-25">25 MAY 2005</date>
, J. Azofeifa, L_N_298212_427913, INB0003950682, MNCR-A4287290 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFE3C3D15C56AF8C6" box="[480,515,1879,1905]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFDD33D15C502F8C6" box="[527,619,1879,1905]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Horquetas, Sarapiquí, El Plástico, 600M, 28-8-93, Javier Solano, MNCR- E 55720 (MNCR19733), MNCR-A5055720 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFCC03D39C457F822" box="[796,830,1915,1941]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFC8E3D39C4C7F822" box="[850,942,1915,1941]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Horquetas, Sarapiquí, El Plástico, 600M, 18-9-93, Willberth J., MNCR-E 55721 (MNCR19734), MNCR-A5055721 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3277FFFDFBB23DDDC3F8F80E" box="[1134,1169,1951,1977]" count="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203277FFFDFB7C3DDDC26BF80E" box="[1184,1282,1951,1977]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="38" pageNumber="189">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, San Ramón, Reserva Biológica Alberto Brenes,
<quantity id="603C9B273277FFFDFDFF3D81C50CF869" box="[547,613,1987,2014]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" unit="m" value="850.0">850m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023277FFFDFDAD3D81C479F86A" box="[625,784,1987,2013]" pageId="38" pageNumber="189" value="1997-08-13">13agosto1997</date>
, Col. Hernan Gómez L., MNCR-E 55722 (MNCR19735), MNCR-A5055722 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFE343AD5C565FF06" box="[488,524,151,177]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Rincón,
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFDA03AD5C5A0FF06" box="[636,713,151,177]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="ft" value="100.0">100 ft.</quantity>
, Costa Rica Site viii.11.1966 SLW (BYU);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFB1C3AD5C393FF06" box="[1216,1274,151,177]" count="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
, Sixola River, Costa Rica, March, Schaus Collection Acc. 4960 (CNMH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFC9F3AF9C40EFF62" box="[835,871,187,213]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Sixola River, Costa Rica, Sept., Schaus Collectn Acc. 4960 (CNMH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFE4E3A9DC6DEFF4E" box="[402,439,223,249]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFE1A3A9DC5A7FF4E" box="[454,718,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="186" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="cacica" subSpecies="procera">Amauta cacica procera</taxonomicName>
– Costa Rica, Buenos Aires (
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFBF33A9DC30BFF4E" box="[1071,1122,223,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="km" value="8.0">8km</quantity>
south of Guapiles),
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFA893A9CC2F1FF4E" box="[1365,1432,222,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="650.0">650m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFF4B3B41C65EFEAA" box="[151,311,259,285]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2010-10">October 2010</date>
, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015548221 (RV);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFB943B41C305FEAA" box="[1096,1132,259,285]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFBA73B41C2F1FEAA" authority="VI. 2005" authorityName="VI." authorityYear="2005" box="[1147,1432,258,285]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacica">Amauta cacica VI. 2005</taxonomicName>
, Costa Rica,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFEF93B65C61AFEF6" box="[293,371,295,321]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Limón</collectingRegion>
, Guapiles.,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFE203B65C5FCFEF6" authority="Stumpe" authorityName="Stumpe" box="[508,661,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felix">Felix Stumpe</taxonomicName>
leg., Ex. Coll. Stumpe in Coll., Vinciguerra R.to, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015548263 (RV);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFD0A3B09C593FED2" box="[726,762,331,357]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFCD63B09C342FED2" authority="VI. 2005" authorityName="VI." authorityYear="2005" box="[778,1067,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacica">Amauta cacica VI. 2005</taxonomicName>
, Costa Rica,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFB113B09C272FED2" box="[1229,1307,331,357]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Limón</collectingRegion>
, Guapiles.,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFF4B3B2DC658FE3E" authority="Stumpe" authorityName="Stumpe" box="[151,305,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="felix">Felix Stumpe</taxonomicName>
leg., Ex. Coll. Stumpe in Coll., Vinciguerra R.to, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015548389 (RV);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFEB83BD1C6E1FE1A" box="[356,392,403,429]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFE483BD1C554FE1A" box="[404,573,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacica">Amauta cacica</taxonomicName>
, San Vito, Costa Rica,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFC9D3BD1C4CCFE1A" box="[833,933,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Amauta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacica">A.cacica</taxonomicName>
, Costa Rica, S.Vito.Coll.Vinciguerra R.to, C 133, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015548305 (RV);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFC6D3BF5C4BDFE66" box="[945,980,439,465]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFC3E3BF5C3F0FE66" box="[994,1177,439,465]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Limón Province</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFB7F3BF5C27BFE66" box="[1187,1298,439,465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2003-05">Mai 2003</date>
, Costa Rica, C 132, Vinciguerra coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015548179 (RV);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFC073B99C369FE42" box="[987,1024,475,501]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Costa Rica,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFB443B99C39DFE42" box="[1176,1268,475,501]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Heredia</collectingRegion>
, Prov. OTS La Selva Sta.
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFECD3BBCC6DBFDAE" box="[273,434,510,537]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="1976-06-22" valueMax="1976-06-25" valueMin="1976-06-22">22-25-vi-1976</date>
D.H. and P.P. Habeck, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138411 (MGCL);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFB573BBDC3C7FDAE" box="[1163,1198,511,537]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Costa rica,
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFAE13BBDC792FD8A" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Alajuela Province</collectingRegion>
E. Dos Ríos, San Gerardo Station,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFD5F3861C448FD8A" box="[643,801,546,573]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2005-06-18">June 18, 2005</date>
, Leg. A. Sourakov, A. Sourakok colln. AGCL Acc. 2006- 16, 002 leg – Jackie, UF FLMNH MGCL 1138412 (MGCL);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFCE33805C40AFDD6" box="[831,867,583,609]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFC713805C366FDD6" box="[941,1039,583,609]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFBC43805C267FDD6" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[1048,1294,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFAC83805C2F1FDD6" box="[1300,1432,583,609]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector San Cristobal, Lucha,
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFE393829C541FD32" box="[485,552,619,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFDE83829C5B8FD32" box="[564,721,619,645]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2002-05-28">28-May-2002</date>
, Col. Gusaneros (reared), 02-SRNP-3525 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFA943828C2F1FD32" box="[1352,1432,618,645]" degrees="10.955" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="10.955">10.955</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFF4B38CCC787FD1E" box="[151,238,654,681]" degrees="85.553" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="-85.553">-85.553</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFEB138CDC6F9FD1E" box="[365,400,655,681]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFE0338CDC528FD1E" box="[479,577,655,681]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFD9738CDC42FFD1E" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[587,838,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFC9138CDC4B8FD1E" box="[845,977,655,681]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector San Cristobal, Lucha,
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFAF438CDC202FD1E" box="[1320,1387,655,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFAAB38CDC662FD7A" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2002-08-16">16- Aug-2002</date>
, Col. Gusaneros (reared), 02-SRNP-18288 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFC4C38F0C489FD7A" box="[912,992,690,717]" degrees="10.955" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="10.955">10.955</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFC3038F0C32AFD7A" box="[1004,1091,690,717]" degrees="85.553" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="-85.553">-85.553</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFB1F38F1C381FD7A" box="[1219,1256,691,717]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFAEA38F1C2F1FD7A" box="[1334,1432,691,717]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, Arela de Conservación
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFE763895C547FD46" box="[426,558,727,753]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Setor San Cristobal, Río Blanco Abajo,
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFBCC3894C33AFD46" box="[1040,1107,726,753]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="500.0">500m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFBBE3895C39FFD46" box="[1122,1270,727,753]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2002-04-22">22-Apr-2002</date>
, Col. Osvaldo Espinoza (reared), 02-SRNP-2815 (sequenced), 10.9, -85.373 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFC1438B9C482FCA2" box="[968,1003,763,789]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFBE438B9C3F3FCA2" box="[1080,1178,763,789]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFB7F38B9C2F5FCA2" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[1187,1436,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFF4B395DC672FC8E" box="[151,283,799,825]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma,
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFD0A395DC470FC8E" box="[726,793,799,825]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="460.0">460m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFCF4395DC4D8FC8E" box="[808,945,799,825]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2006-07-17">17-Jul-2006</date>
, Col. Elda Araya (reared), 06-SRNP-5807 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFEF73901C612FCEA" box="[299,379,835,861]" degrees="10.916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="10.916">10.916</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFE583900C6B3FCEA" box="[388,474,834,861]" degrees="85.379" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="-85.379">-85.379</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFD893901C51EFCEA" box="[597,631,835,861]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFD1D3901C44AFCEA" box="[705,803,835,861]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFCF73901C349FCEA" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[811,1056,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFBF93901C3C0FCEA" box="[1061,1193,835,861]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector San Cristobal, Lucha,
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFF313925C659FC36" box="[237,304,871,897]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="300.0">300m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFEE13925C6AEFC36" box="[317,455,871,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2002-07-06">06-Jul-2002</date>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFE083925C5F8FC36" authority="Janzen" authorityName="Janzen" box="[468,657,871,897]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" rank="species" species="dan">Col. Dan Janzen</taxonomicName>
(reared), DHJ-02-2377 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFBE13924C3E4FC36" box="[1085,1165,870,897]" degrees="10.955" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="10.955">10.955</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFB463924C399FC36" box="[1178,1264,870,897]" degrees="85.553" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="-85.553">-85.553</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFAAE3925C2FEFC36" box="[1394,1431,871,897]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFF0539C9C652FC12" box="[217,315,907,933]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFE9B39C9C52DFC12" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[327,580,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFD9139C9C5B8FC12" box="[589,721,907,933]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector San Cristobal, Puente Palma,
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFB5939C9C3A1FC12" box="[1157,1224,907,933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="460.0">460m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFB0939C8C236FC12" box="[1237,1375,906,933]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2019-07-05">05-Jul-2019</date>
, Col. Osvaldo Espinoza (reared), 19-SRNP-1230 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFCFF39EDC41AFC7E" box="[803,883,943,969]" degrees="10.916" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="10.916">10.916</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F050053276FFFCFC5C39ECC4BFFC7E" box="[896,982,942,969]" degrees="85.379" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" precision="55" value="-85.379">-85.379</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFB8439EDC314FC7E" box="[1112,1149,943,969]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFB1139EDC246FC7E" box="[1229,1327,943,969]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, Arela de Conservación
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFEE63991C6D7FC5A" box="[314,446,979,1005]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Setor San Cristobal, Río Blanco Abajo,
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFC4E3990C4BCFC5A" box="[914,981,978,1005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="500.0">500m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFC3E3991C317FC5A" box="[994,1150,979,1005]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2019-05-16">16-May-2019</date>
, Col.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFB1F3991C203FC5A" authority="Cano" authorityName="Cano" box="[1219,1386,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Cetoniidae" genus="Carolina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Carolina Cano</taxonomicName>
, 19- SRNP-1349 (sequenced), 10.9, -85.373 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFD1439B5C582FBA6" box="[712,747,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFCEA39B5C4F1FBA6" box="[822,920,1015,1041]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
, Arela de Conservación
<collectingRegion id="6500F8203276FFFCFB7839B5C241FBA6" box="[1188,1320,1015,1041]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Setor San Cristobal, Dos Ríos,
<quantity id="603C9B273276FFFCFE5F3E58C6AFFB82" box="[387,454,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" unit="m" value="500.0">500m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFE0E3E59C50EFB82" box="[466,615,1051,1077]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="2019-04-01">01-Apr-2019</date>
, Col. Gloria Sihezar (reared), 19-SRNP-723 (sequenced), 10.89, -98.538 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFED23E7DC658FBEE" box="[270,305,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Peralta C. R.,
<date id="D37A10023276FFFCFE063E7DC52BFBEE" box="[474,578,1086,1113]" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" value="1925-09">Sep 1925</date>
(NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFD0F3E7DC591FBEE" box="[723,760,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFCD83E7DC44EFBEE" box="[772,807,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Carreblanco [sic], Costa Rica., (Lankester) (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFF4B3E21C7D3FBCA" box="[151,186,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Costa Rica, B.C.A. Lep. Het.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFDF13E21C304FBCA" authority=", Joicey Bequest., Brit. Mus., 1934" authorityName="Joicey Bequest., Brit. Mus." authorityYear="1934" box="[557,1133,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacica">Castnia cacica, Joicey Bequest., Brit. Mus., 1934</taxonomicName>
-120., NHMUK010474217 (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFEF83EC5C62EFB16" box="[292,327,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFE8B3EC5C696FB17" box="[343,511,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacica">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03276FFFCFE8B3EC5C696FB17" box="[343,511,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Castnia cacica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
H. S, SixolaRiv CR, April (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFC143EC5C485FB16" box="[968,1004,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D413276FFFCFC263EC5C3CAFB17" box="[1018,1187,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cacica">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD03276FFFCFC263EC5C3CAFB17" box="[1018,1187,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">Castnia cacica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
H. S, Sixola Riv CR, April, NHMUK010474216 (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFDB73EE9C5CFFB72" box="[619,678,1195,1221]" count="2" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
, Sixola Riv CR, April (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFB933EE9C31AFB72" box="[1103,1139,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD376523276FFFCFB5A3EE9C25AFB72" box="[1158,1331,1195,1221]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="39" pageNumber="190">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
., A.G.M. Gillott., B.M. 1929-315. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B3276FFFCFDE63E8DC536FB5E" box="[570,607,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="190" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Carrillo, Costa Rica (NHMUK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

796
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@ -0,0 +1,796 @@
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<mods:title id="2B2CC7BF37A26694C591D84AF8D0A665">Synopsis of the Castniidae (Lepidoptera) of Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9947FE2A04325797B274911CCF95695D">García-Díaz, José De Jesús</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="46BDE9EB65CBFC7DE8C55306D6DAB22F">Posgrado en Ciencias, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91073 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico; Sociedad Mexicana de Lepidopterología A. C.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="E257CC49C484E61A28FFC6A1CC0C45B3">BioAlfa, Guanacaste Dry Forest Conservation Fund Costa Rica, 749 - 1000, San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="7CDBC9AEFAAC65A8B6398608559F41F6">10 The Hill, Church Hill, Caterham, Surrey CR 3 6 SD, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="E472B3560E825A340C5E3EB6E317034C">Austin Achieve Public Schools, Austin, Texas, (Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity), USA</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="EFDE6549327DFFF7FF4B3B98C510FE4F" box="[151,633,474,504]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2327DFFF7FF4B3B98C510FE4F" blockId="44.[151,1437,474,2013]" box="[151,633,474,504]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">
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<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327DFFF7FF4B3B98C6C7FE42" authority="(Schaus, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Schaus" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,430,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atymnius" subSpecies="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327DFFF7FF4B3B98C6C7FE42" bold="true" box="[151,430,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">Telchin atymnius drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
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,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FDFD3B9EC503FE4F" box="[545,618,476,504]" count="48" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">48♀♀</specimenCount>
):
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EFDE6549327DFFF5FF4B3BBDC4F3FC8E" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A77B36C2327DFFF5FF4B3BBDC4F3FC8E" blockId="44.[151,1437,474,2013]" lastBlockId="46.[151,1437,151,825]" lastPageId="46" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FF4B3BBDC7D5FDAE" box="[151,188,511,537]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="787F8860327DFFF7FF163BBDC640FDAE" box="[202,297,511,537]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327DFFF7FEE93BBDC6B5FDAE" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" box="[309,476,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327DFFF7FEE93BBDC6B5FDAE" box="[309,476,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">Castnia drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Type Sch[au]s, Río Grande C.R., Dec. [19]08, Type No. 11165
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327DFFF7FB6B3BBDC38EFDAE" box="[1207,1255,511,537]" name="United States of America" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">U.S.</collectingCountry>
N.M. (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FF4B3861C7D5FD8A" box="[151,188,547,573]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="787F8860327DFFF7FF153861C641FD8A" box="[201,296,547,573]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
, Abangares, July ‘09, USNMENT01492469 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC4B3861C4D3FD8A" box="[919,954,547,573]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="787F8860327DFFF7FC143861C34EFD8A" box="[968,1063,547,573]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327DFFF7FBEE3861C7D6FDD6" authority="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityName="Schaus, Guapiles CR" authorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">Castnia drucei Schaus, Guapiles CR</taxonomicName>
, May (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FE483805C6D1FDD6" box="[404,440,583,609]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Puntarenas,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FD8C3805C517FDD6" box="[592,638,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="mi" value="4.0">4mi</quantity>
, W. Villa Nelly,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FCE73804C4AAFDD6" box="[827,963,582,609]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1965-07-05">5 July 1965</date>
, H.G. Real, Herman G. Real Collection – 1988 Gift to the
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327DFFF7FE933829C6A8FD32" box="[335,449,619,645]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">California</collectingRegion>
Academy of Sciences, Herman G. Real Collection (CAS);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FB8A3829C312FD32" box="[1110,1147,619,645]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Provincia de Puntarenas, San Vito, Río Coto Brus,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FE6E38CDC50AFD1E" box="[434,611,655,681]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1982-07-16" valueMax="1982-07-14" valueMin="1982-07-16">16-14.VII.1982</date>
, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S. (CAS);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FB8438CDC315FD1E" box="[1112,1148,655,681]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Provincia de Puntarenas, San Vito, Río Coto Brus,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FE1D38F1C543FD7A" box="[449,554,691,717]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1982-12">XII.1982</date>
, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S. (CAS);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FBE638F1C31DFD7A" box="[1082,1140,691,717]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
, Provincia de Puntarenas, (Cerro de) Las Cruces,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FE403895C579FD46" box="[412,528,727,753]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1982-09-01">1.IX.1982</date>
, Nicholas Zakharoff, Gift to C. A. S. (CAS);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FBDB3895C342FD46" box="[1031,1067,727,753]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FBEB3895C333FD46" box="[1079,1114,727,753]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Puntarenas, Osa, Uvita,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FAA93895C7A6FCA2" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2007-09">IX-2007</date>
(BLG);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FEED38B9C63CFCA2" box="[305,341,763,789]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, E.A. Smith Collection, USNMENT01492470 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC3C38B9C36CFCA2" box="[992,1029,763,789]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Palmar,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FBB238B9C26AFCA2" box="[1134,1283,762,789]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1959-08-27">27 Aug 1959</date>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327DFFF7FAD338B9C251FCA2" box="[1295,1336,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">leg.</emphasis>
L. Roth, #63, USNMENT01492471 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FD8F395DC51FFC8E" box="[595,630,799,825]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327DFFF7FD55395DC59BFC8E" box="[649,754,799,825]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">San José</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FCDE395DC433FC8E" box="[770,858,799,825]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="ft" value="4000.0">4000 ft</quantity>
, collection of Wm Schaus, USNMENT01492472 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FED23901C658FCEA" box="[270,305,835,861]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Palmar,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FE403901C546FCEA" box="[412,559,834,861]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1959-08-27">27 Aug 1959</date>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327DFFF7FDE73901C50DFCEA" box="[571,612,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">leg.</emphasis>
L. Roth, #64, USNMENT01492473 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FBA03901C3F6FCEA" box="[1148,1183,835,861]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Curridabat, viii-3-76, ovipositing on banana and heliconia, USMNENT00940282 (NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC643925C4B5FC36" box="[952,988,871,897]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, San Vito, Puntarenas,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FB393925C2F5FC36" box="[1253,1436,871,897]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2011-09">September 2011</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FF3A39C9C663FC12" box="[230,266,907,933]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Guápiles, Limón,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FE3939C9C5F5FC12" box="[485,668,907,933]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2011-09">September 2011</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FD2F39C9C47EFC12" box="[755,791,907,933]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Guápiles, Limón,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FC2E39C9C3C3FC12" box="[1010,1194,907,933]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2012-09">September 2012</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FADD39C9C24DFC12" box="[1281,1316,907,933]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, San Vito, Puntarenas,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FEFC39EDC6C1FC7E" box="[288,424,943,969]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2011-03">March 2011</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FE2139EDC549FC7E" box="[509,544,943,969]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Guápiles, Limón,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FD2539EDC4D9FC7E" box="[761,944,943,969]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2013-09">September 2013</date>
(RW);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FBD939EDC340FC7E" box="[1029,1065,943,969]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, San Buenas, Osa Peninsula,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FAAB39ECC662FC5A" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2010-06-05">05- June-2010</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FE803991C6E9FC5A" box="[348,384,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, San Buenas, Osa Peninsula,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FD123990C417FC5A" box="[718,894,978,1005]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2010-03-05">05-March-2010</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC123991C49BFC5A" box="[974,1010,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Corcovado, Osa,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FB1F3991C23DFC5A" box="[1219,1364,979,1005]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2012-02-23">23-Feb-2012</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FF4B39B5C7D5FBA6" box="[151,188,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Golfito,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FEF239B5C6A2FBA6" box="[302,459,1015,1041]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1993-05-19">19-May-1993</date>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327DFFF7FE0639B5C56AFBA6" box="[474,515,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">leg.</emphasis>
G. ten Brock (DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FD2039B5C449FBA6" box="[764,800,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Corcovado, Osa Peninsula,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FBAD39B5C26EFBA6" box="[1137,1287,1015,1041]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2010-07-10">10-July-2010</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FA8139B5C2FEFBA6" box="[1373,1431,1015,1041]" count="2" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
, Coronado, Puntarenas,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FE7D3E59C565FB82" box="[417,524,1051,1077]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2012-02">Feb-2012</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FD833E59C5EBFB82" box="[607,642,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Limón Province, Guápiles, Pococí Buenos Aires, Santa
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327DFFF7FACE3E59C2F1FB82" authority="River" authorityName="River" box="[1298,1432,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara">Clara River</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FF4B3E7CC789FBEE" box="[151,224,1086,1113]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FF373E7DC636FBEE" box="[235,351,1087,1113]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2012-06">June-2012</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FE723E7DC6B8FBEE" box="[430,465,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FE023E7DC53BFBEE" box="[478,594,1087,1113]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2011-06">June-2011</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FD7C3E7DC5AAFBEE" box="[672,707,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, San Vito,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FCE23E7DC4A8FBEE" box="[830,961,1087,1113]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2010-02-06">6-Feb-2010</date>
(DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FBD33E7DC35BFBEE" box="[1039,1074,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Sona Sur (DC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FB283E7DC271FBEE" box="[1268,1304,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, YPM ENT 007182 (YPM);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FE8F3E21C61EFBCA" box="[339,375,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Puntarenas Prov., Osa Peninsula, Rincón de Osa,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FC643E21C326FBCA" box="[952,1103,1123,1149]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1966-07-22">22 July 1966</date>
, D. Veirs, coll. (UGCA);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FAAE3E21C2FEFBCA" box="[1394,1431,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Heredia, San Josecito, 16-V-82, K. Canet,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FDA03EC4C5A5FB16" box="[636,716,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="1350.0">1350m</quantity>
, INBIOCRI001055982 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FB8E3EC5C31CFB16" box="[1106,1141,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Puntarenas, Sn Vito, Las Cruces,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FF2D3EE9C604FB72" box="[241,365,1195,1221]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1988-04">Abril 1988</date>
, L. D. Gomez, INBIOCRI001056102 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC553EE9C4C4FB72" box="[905,941,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Puntarenas, Quepos, P. N. Manuel
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327DFFF7FAE53EE9C646FB5E" authority=", Agosto 1992" authorityName="Agosto" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antonio">Antonio, Agosto 1992</taxonomicName>
, 448800-370400. G. Varela.
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FD5E3E8DC5D7FB5E" box="[642,702,1231,1257]" count="80" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="generic">
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FD5E3E8DC5D3FB5E" box="[642,698,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="80.0">80m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
, INBIOCRI001110179, MNCR-A1110179 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FAF13E8DC238FB5E" box="[1325,1361,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov. Puntarenas, Osa, Sierpe, Límite P. N. Piedras Blancas, Riyito,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FCAB3EB1C4C2FABA" box="[887,939,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FC673EB1C332FABA" box="[955,1115,1267,1293]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2001-02-19">19 FEB 2001</date>
, M. Red Mariposera, L_S_ 541500_301500. #61783, INB0003155420, MNCR-A3155420 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC123F55C49AFA86" box="[974,1011,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Est. Sirena, Corcovado N. P.
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FAE23F55C2F1FA86" box="[1342,1432,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100m</quantity>
, Puntarenas,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FEFE3F79C6F9FAE2" box="[290,400,1339,1365]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1990-02">Feb 1990</date>
, G. Fonseca, 270500_508300, INBIOCRI000161535, MNCR-A161535 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FAE33F79C20AFAE2" box="[1343,1379,1339,1365]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Est. Esquinas,Pen.de Osa,Prov.Punta.,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FDCB3F1DC530FACE" box="[535,601,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="200.0">200m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FDBC3F1DC5B9FACE" box="[608,720,1375,1401]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1993-05">May1993</date>
,M.Segura,L_S_301400_542200.#2144,INBIOCRI001697136, MNCR-A1697136 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FE333FC1C57DFA2A" box="[495,532,1411,1437]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Sirena, Corcovado Nat. Pk. Osa Penin.,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FBD43FC1C3ABFA2A" box="[1032,1218,1411,1437]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1984-03-23">23 March 1984</date>
, DH Janzen &amp; W Hallwachs, INBIOCRI002607808, MNCR-A2607808 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FCAA3FE5C4F3FA76" box="[886,922,1447,1473]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Est. Sirena, P. N. Corcovado,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FB203FE5C23CFA76" box="[1276,1365,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100m</quantity>
, Prov. Punt., C. Saborio,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FEB13F89C6B3FA52" box="[365,474,1483,1509]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1990-10">Oct 1990</date>
, L_S_270500_508300, INBIOCRI000245245, MNCR-A245245 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FAE53F89C237FA52" box="[1337,1374,1483,1509]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Fca. Cafrosa,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FF233FADC626F9BE" box="[255,335,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300m</quantity>
, Est. Las Mellizas, P. Internac. La Amistad, Prov. Punt., M. Ramirez,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FBA43FADC386F9BE" box="[1144,1263,1519,1545]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1991-05">May 1991</date>
, L_S_316100_ 596100, INBIOCRI001110191, MNCR-A1110191 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FCB63C51C4E7F99A" box="[874,910,1555,1581]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Est. Quebrada Bonita,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FB653C50C384F99A" box="[1209,1261,1554,1581]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="50.0">50m</quantity>
, R. B. Carara Puntarenas Pr., R. Zuñiga,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FE143C75C52FF9E6" box="[456,582,1591,1617]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1989-04">April 1989</date>
, 194500_469850, INBIOCRI001055970, MNCR-A1055970 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FAAE3C75C2FEF9E6" box="[1394,1431,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Fca. Cafrosa, Est. Las Mellizas, P. N.Amistad, Puntarenas Pr.,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FC903C19C4F5F9C2" box="[844,924,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FC793C19C349F9C2" box="[933,1056,1627,1653]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1989-04">April 1989</date>
, M. Ramirez &amp; G. Mora, 316100_ 599200, INBIOCRI001055971, MNCR-A1055971 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC8A3C3DC412F92E" box="[854,891,1663,1689]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Corcavado National Park, Osa Peninsula,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FAB53C3CC660F90A" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1978-08-05" valueMax="1978-08-14" valueMin="1978-08-05">5-14 Aug 1978</date>
, D. H. Janzen, INBIOCRI002607807, MNCR-A2607807 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FBDB3CE1C342F90A" box="[1031,1067,1699,1725]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327DFFF7FBE43CE1C3F5F90A" box="[1080,1180,1699,1725]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">San José</collectingRegion>
, Escazú,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FAD83CE1C23DF90A" box="[1284,1364,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
, 27-8- 83,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327DFFF7FF183C85C787F956" box="[196,238,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">leg.</emphasis>
A. M. Chavarría, INBIOCRI001056119, MNCR-A1056119 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FBFE3C85C32FF956" box="[1058,1094,1735,1761]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Puntarenas,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327DFFF7FB3E3C85C21FF956" authority="Banco" authorityName="Banco" box="[1250,1398,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Punta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Punta Banco</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FA593C85C7B3F8B2" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0- 100m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FF393CA8C6D6F8B2" box="[229,447,1770,1797]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1988-08-22" valueMax="1988-08-25" valueMin="1988-08-22">22-25 Agosto 1988</date>
, A. Solis, INBIOCRI001055973, MNCR-A1055973 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FB5B3CA9C3C5F8B2" box="[1159,1196,1771,1797]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov. Puntarenas, R. V. S. Golfito, Osa, P. N. Piedras Blancas, Sector El Tajo,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FCC43D4CC433F89E" box="[792,858,1806,1833]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="150.0">150m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FCBA3D4CC349F89E" box="[870,1056,1806,1833]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2001-09-15" valueMax="2001-09-18" valueMin="2001-09-15">15-18 SEP 2001</date>
, M. Moraga, Red de Golpe, L_S_ 291500_551500. #64729, INB0003375949, MNCR-A3375949 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC013D71C368F8FA" box="[989,1025,1843,1869]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Puntarenas, Corcovado, Loop trail, 20-XI-76,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327DFFF7FED23D15C65EF8C6" box="[270,311,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="195">leg.</emphasis>
P. J. De Vries, INBIOCRI001055972 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC813D15C4E8F8C6" box="[861,897,1879,1905]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Heredia, Sto Domingo, INBio,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FB2C3D15C2F1F8C6" box="[1264,1432,1879,1905]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="1993-05-24">24 Mayo 1993</date>
, J. Corrales, A. Solis, INBIOCRI000395798, MNCR-A395798 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FC053D39C494F822" box="[985,1021,1915,1941]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov. Puntarenas, P. N. Corcovado, Sector La
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327DFFF7FED73DDDC680F80E" authority=", Cerro Puma" authorityName="Cerro Puma" box="[267,489,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Leona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leona, Cerro Puma</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FE283DDDC500F80E" box="[500,617,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" metricValueMax="3.02" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="201.0" valueMax="302.0" valueMin="100.0">100-302m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FDA93DDDC424F80E" box="[629,845,1951,1977]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2003-06-21" valueMax="2003-07-07" valueMin="2003-06-21">21JUN-7JUL 2003</date>
, K. Caballero, Libre, L_S_267700_518900. #74483, INB0003734399, MNCR-A3734399 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327DFFF7FD773D81C5A6F86A" box="[683,719,1987,2013]" count="1" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov. Puntarenas, Est. Carara,
<quantity id="603C9B27327DFFF7FBF63D81C3EDF86A" box="[1066,1156,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327DFFF7FB523D81C249F86A" box="[1166,1312,1987,2013]" pageId="44" pageNumber="195" value="2004-07-19">19 JUL 2004</date>
, W. Porras, J. Mata, B. Gamboa, D. Briceño, M.Moraga, Y. Cárdenas, Libre, L_N_195703_470200. #77755, INB0003862840, MNCR-A3862840 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FE393AF9C563FF62" box="[485,522,187,213]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Corcovado National Park, Osa Peninsula, D. H. Janzen (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FB233AF9C24AFF62" box="[1279,1315,187,213]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FAED3AF9C7A3FF4E" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Prov. San José</collectingRegion>
, Pérez Zeledón. R. F. Los Santos, Río Nuevo,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FD133A9CC47FFF4E" box="[719,790,222,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="km" value="2.5">2.5km</quantity>
N.E. unión ríos Savegre y División, Cuenca Río Savegre,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FF4B3B41C7B3FEAA" box="[151,218,259,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="321.0">321m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FF3F3B40C6C0FEAA" box="[227,425,258,285]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2002-03-15" valueMax="2002-03-16" valueMin="2002-03-15">15-16 MAR 2002</date>
, L. G. Chaverri, Colecta Libre, L_S_378348_469538. #102299, INB0004286783 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FF4B3B65C7D5FEF6" box="[151,188,295,321]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov. Heredia, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBioparque,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FC8B3B65C481FEF6" box="[855,1000,295,321]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100-1200m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FC2F3B64C3FCFEF6" box="[1011,1173,294,321]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2013-05-25">25 MAY 2013</date>
, J. A. Azofeifa, Colecta Libre, Bioblitz, L_N_217300_526300. #107049, INB0004366802, MNCR-A4366802 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FB113B09C39BFED2" box="[1229,1266,331,357]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov. Heredia, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBioparque,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FD513B2DC477FE3E" box="[653,798,367,393]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="1150.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100-1200m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FCF73B2CC4BAFE3E" box="[811,979,366,393]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2013-05-25">25 MAY 2013</date>
, J. A. Azofeifa, Colecta Libre, Bioblitz, L_N_217300_526300. #107049, INB0004366801, MNCR-A4366801 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FBFC3BD1C32DFE1A" box="[1056,1092,403,429]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov. Puntarenas, Ciudad Pto. Cortes,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FF293BF4C64EFE66" box="[245,295,438,465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="75.0">75m</quantity>
E. de M.A.G.,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FE323BF5C521FE66" box="[494,584,439,465]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FD863BF5C461FE66" box="[602,776,439,465]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2003-11-11">11 NOV 2003</date>
, J. Montero J., Manual, L_S_323820_515600. #76979, INB0003841872, MNCR-A3841872 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FD723B99C5B8FE42" box="[686,721,475,501]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov. Heredia, Santo Domingo, Santa Rosa, INBio.
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FAF93B99C21CFE42" box="[1317,1397,475,501]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FA5C3B99C67DFDAE" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2001-10-30">30 OCT 2001</date>
, J. Montero. Manual, L_N_217300_526200. #64940, INB0003380476, MNCR-A3380476 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FF4B3861C7D3FD8A" box="[151,186,547,573]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Sirena, Corcovado N. P. Puntarenas Prov.,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FD673861C47CFD8A" box="[699,789,547,573]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100m</quantity>
, R. Blanco &amp; G. Fonseca,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FB8D3861C3B8FD8A" box="[1105,1233,547,573]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="1989-04">April 1989</date>
, 270500_508300, INBIOCRI001056103, MNCR-A1056103 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FD2E3805C47CFDD6" box="[754,789,583,609]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Fca. Cafrosa, Est. Las Mellizas, P. N. Amistad,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FA9B3805C2F1FDD6" box="[1351,1432,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300m</quantity>
, Prov. Punt., J. C. Saborio, Jun-Jul 1990, 316100_596100, INBIOCRI000281919, MNCR-A281919 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FAAE3829C2FCFD32" box="[1394,1429,619,645]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov. Puntarenas, Res. Ftal Golfo Dulce, Proy. Zamia, Playa Cacao,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FC4838CDC4BFFD1E" box="[916,982,655,681]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="130.0">130m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FC3D38CDC3F2FD1E" box="[993,1179,655,681]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="1999-07-12" valueMax="1999-07-16" valueMin="1999-07-12">12-16 JUL 1999</date>
, M. Moraga, T de Luz, L_S_286600_553100. #53640, INB0003055485, MNCR-A3055485 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FBD338F1C35BFD7A" box="[1039,1074,691,717]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov. Puntarenas, Golfito, P. N. Piedras Blancas, Riyito,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FE673895C686FD46" box="[443,495,727,753]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="10.0">10m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FDDC3894C5A1FD46" box="[512,712,726,753]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2001-06-11" valueMax="2001-06-25" valueMin="2001-06-11">11-25 JUN 2001</date>
, M. Moraga, Red Mariposera, L_S_301500_541500. #63538, INB0003341440, MNCR-A3341440 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FD7338B9C5BBFCA2" box="[687,722,763,789]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov. Guanacaste, Z. P. Nosara, Sector el Mirador,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FAC738B9C237FCA2" box="[1307,1374,763,789]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="780.0">780m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FAB538B9C67CFC8E" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2002-08-08" valueMax="2002-08-13" valueMin="2002-08-08">8-13 AGO 2002</date>
, H. Mendez, Tp de Luz, L_N_220750_383450. #71043, INB0003527878, MNCR-A3527878 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FF4B3901C7D3FCEA" box="[151,186,835,861]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Alajuela, Naranjo - Rosario, Reserva Río
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327CFFF6FD753901C4E2FCEA" authority=", Septiembre" authorityName="Septiembre" box="[681,907,835,861]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Aechmea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grande">Grande, Septiembre</taxonomicName>
5 1992, Gerardo Mora, INBIOCRI001110123 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FED23925C659FC36" box="[270,304,871,897]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FE9D3925C682FC36" box="[321,491,871,897]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Prov. San José</collectingRegion>
, Rohrmoser,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FD583925C5A9FC36" box="[644,704,871,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="km" value="1.0">1 km</quantity>
N. de Pavas,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FCBF3925C49DFC36" box="[867,1012,871,897]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000-1100m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FBDE3925C3F2FC36" box="[1026,1179,871,897]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2004-09-23">23 SEP 2004</date>
, J. Mata, Libre, L_N_ 215400_522250. #78792, INB0003891848, MNCR-A3891848 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FC1139C9C499FC12" box="[973,1008,907,933]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov. Puntarenas, Ciudad Pto.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327CFFF6FA9039C9C65EFC7E" authority=", Quebrada Rey" authorityName="Quebrada Rey" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cortes">Cortes, Quebrada Rey</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FE9C39EDC6F3FC7E" box="[320,410,943,969]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0-100m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FE7839ECC529FC7E" box="[420,576,942,969]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2005-08-15">15AGO 2005</date>
, M. Moraga, Libre, L_S_324090_512700. #84507, INB0003971318, MNCR- A3971318 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FE593991C6C1FC5A" box="[389,424,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.Alajuela,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FD833991C5C4FC5A" box="[607,685,979,1005]" name="Greece" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Grecia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FD6A3991C44BFC5A" box="[694,802,979,1005]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Casa José</collectingRegion>
Montero Jiménez,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FC2A3991C351FC5A" box="[1014,1080,979,1005]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.18" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="918.0">918m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FB9E3991C3DBFC5A" box="[1090,1202,979,1005]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2007-07">JUL 2007</date>
, J. Montero Jiménez, Colecta Libre, L_N_226140_501979. #93830, INB0004148630, MNCR-A4148630 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FB6439B5C3B5FBA6" box="[1208,1244,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FB3439B5C20AFBA6" box="[1256,1379,1015,1041]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
Osa. Palmar Norte, Fila Retinto, Cerca de Q. Benjamín, 8 58 46 / 83, 58 27 53.2, 197 msnm,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FBB13E59C385FB82" box="[1133,1260,1051,1077]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2011-11-16">16/11/2011</date>
, Col. J. Solano/ C. Pineda, MNCR-E34987, MNCR-A5034987 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FCE83E7DC43EFBEE" box="[820,855,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FCB53E7DC48DFBEE" box="[873,996,1087,1113]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
Osa. Palmar Norte, Camino orilla de Quebrada Grande, 8 58 7.7 / 83 26 37.3, 200msnm,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FD203E21C416FBCA" box="[764,895,1123,1149]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2012-02-23">23/02/2012</date>
, Col. Javier Solano, MNCR-E 55744, MNCR- A5055744 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FE553EC5C6C7FB16" box="[393,430,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FE673EC5C55FFB16" box="[443,566,1159,1185]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
Aguirre, Savegre, Fca. Rafike, 9 26 36 - 83 59 16,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FBA53EC5C27BFB16" box="[1145,1298,1159,1185]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2002-05-08">
8-mayo-
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FB0B3EC5C27BFB16" box="[1239,1298,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.00225" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="2002250.0">2002</quantity>
</date>
, 250m, Col. G. Vega A., MNCR-E 55742 (MNCR18558), MNCR-A5055742 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FBC83EE9C351FB72" box="[1044,1080,1195,1221]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FB963EE9C3ACFB72" box="[1098,1221,1195,1221]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
Aguirre, Savegre, Portalón,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327CFFF6FEDD3E8DC6E4FB5E" box="[257,397,1231,1257]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" precision="1" seconds="48.13" value="9.346703">9 20 48.13 N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327CFFF6FE493E8DC55AFB5E" box="[405,563,1230,1257]" degrees="83" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" precision="1" seconds="28.52" value="-83.99125">83 59 28.52 W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FDE63E8DC506FB5E" box="[570,623,1231,1257]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="27.0">27m</quantity>
, Cultivo palma aceitera, Rec.G. Vega A., MNCR-E 55741 (MNCR18857), MNCR-A5055741 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FE033EB1C56AFABA" box="[479,515,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FDD13EB1C507FABA" box="[525,622,1267,1293]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">San José</collectingRegion>
, Desamparados, Lomas de Salitral,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FC2E3EB1C32AFABA" box="[1010,1091,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FB973EB1C3BBFABA" box="[1099,1234,1267,1293]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="1994-07-19">19/Jul/1994</date>
, Matin Baltodano, German Vega A., MNCR-E 55743 (MNCR18852), MNCR-A5055743 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FBC53F55C354FA86" box="[1049,1085,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FB943F55C3AAFA86" box="[1096,1219,1303,1329]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
Osa, Palmar Norte, Camino orilla de Quebrada Grande, 8 58 7.7 / 83 26 37.3, 200 msnm,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FC633F79C32BFAE2" box="[959,1090,1339,1365]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2012-02-23">23/02/2012</date>
, Col. Javier Solano, MNCR-E 55747 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FE813F1DC6E8FACE" box="[349,385,1375,1401]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FE4D3F1DC565FACE" box="[401,524,1375,1401]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
Osa, Sitio Arqueológico Fca., 6. 8 52 42, 83 28 4,. 10 mnsm, 12/5//2011, Col. Javier Solano, MNCR-E 34988, MNCR-A5034988 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FCB53FC1C4E4FA2A" box="[873,909,1411,1437]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FC413FC1C371FA2A" box="[925,1048,1411,1437]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
Osa, Palmar Norte, Fila Retinto, Cerca de Q. Benjamín, 8 58 57 / 83. 27
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FD8B3FE5C5A2FA76" box="[599,715,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.825" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="48250.0">48, 250 m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FD0B3FE4C422FA76" box="[727,843,1446,1473]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2011-05-12">12/5/2011</date>
, Col. J. Solano, MNCR-E 34989, MNCR-A5034989 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FECC3F89C65DFA52" box="[272,308,1483,1509]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FE993F89C6C7FA52" box="[325,430,1483,1509]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">San José</collectingRegion>
, Villa
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327CFFF6FE233F89C46EFA52" authority=", Had. El Rodeo" authorityName="Had. El Rodeo" box="[511,775,1483,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colon">Colón, Had. El Rodeo</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FCCB3F89C430FA52" box="[791,857,1483,1509]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="800.0">800m</quantity>
, VII/
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FC463F88C490FA52" box="[922,1017,1482,1509]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="1995-07">VII1995</date>
, German Vega A., MNCR-E 55748 (MNCR18854), MNCR-A5055748 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FD7B3FADC5A2F9BE" box="[679,715,1519,1545]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FD073FADC42BF9BE" box="[731,834,1519,1545]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">San José</collectingRegion>
, Perez Zeledón, Quebradas, Finca La Pizota,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FA893FADC2F1F9BE" box="[1365,1432,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
, 10/Agos/1994, G. Vega, C. Pineda, A. Valerio, MNCR-E 55738 (MNCR18853), MNCR-A5055738 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FAAE3C51C2FEF99A" box="[1394,1431,1555,1581]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FF4B3C75C793F9E6" box="[151,250,1591,1617]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">San José</collectingRegion>
, Perez Zeledón, Quebradas, Finca La Pizota,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FD333C75C458F9E6" box="[751,817,1591,1617]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</quantity>
, 10/Agos/1994, G. Vega, C. Pineda, A. Valerio, MNCR- E 55739 (MNCR18855), MNCR-A5055739 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FCFE3C19C42FF9C2" box="[802,838,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FC853C19C4AAF9C2" box="[857,963,1627,1653]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">San José</collectingRegion>
, Ciudad
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327CFFF6FBEF3C19C22DF9C2" authority=", Z. P. El Rodeo" authorityName="Z. P. El Rodeo" box="[1075,1348,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Carabus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colon">Colón, Z. P. El Rodeo</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FA893C19C2F1F9C2" box="[1365,1432,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="800.0">800m</quantity>
, 11Enero97, G. Vega, MNCR-E 55740 (MNCR18856), MNCR-A5055740 (MNCR);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FB803C3DC3E8F92E" box="[1116,1153,1663,1689]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, San Mateo,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FAC53C3DC2F1F92E" box="[1305,1432,1663,1689]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Febr. Schaus Collectn. Acc. 4960 (CMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FD463CE1C5D7F90A" box="[666,702,1699,1725]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FD113CE1C446F90A" box="[717,815,1699,1725]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FCE03CE1C4D5F90A" box="[828,956,1699,1725]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, D.E. Harrower, viii.7.1915 (ANSP);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FAAE3CE1C2FEF90A" box="[1394,1431,1699,1725]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Cachi,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FF3B3C85C60DF956" box="[231,356,1735,1761]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, D.E. Harrower, viii.16.1915 (ANSP);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FCC53C85C457F956" box="[793,830,1735,1761]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FC963C85C4ADF956" box="[842,964,1735,1761]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(ANSP);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FBE93C85C314F956" box="[1077,1149,1735,1761]" count="19" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">19♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FB553C85C3A0F956" box="[1161,1225,1735,1761]" count="8" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Coto,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FAC73C85C2F1F956" box="[1307,1432,1735,1761]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FF4B3CA8C677F8B2" box="[151,286,1770,1797]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="1955-12-27">27-xii-1955</date>
, C.E. Palm [this lot was probably collected over several days but they all have the same label. JMG] (CUIC);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FF233D4DC64AF89E" box="[255,291,1807,1833]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Corcovado de Osa,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FDC53D4DC5FEF89E" box="[537,663,1807,1833]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FD793D4DC44CF89E" box="[677,805,1807,1833]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FCEF3D4DC4C5F89E" box="[819,940,1807,1833]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2010-03-02">02.iii.2010</date>
(RV);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FBDC3D4DC34DF89E" box="[1024,1060,1807,1833]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Corcovado de Osa,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FAC63D4DC2F1F89E" box="[1306,1432,1807,1833]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FF4B3D71C67AF8FA" box="[151,275,1843,1869]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FEC13D71C6FFF8FA" box="[285,406,1843,1869]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2010-03-04">04.iii.2010</date>
(RV);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FE3D3D71C56DF8FA" box="[481,516,1843,1869]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Corcovado de Osa,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FD353D71C40EF8FA" box="[745,871,1843,1869]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FCAD3D71C485F8FA" box="[881,1004,1843,1869]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FC2A3D71C31CF8FA" box="[1014,1141,1843,1869]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2010-07-11">11.vii.2010</date>
(RV);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FB1C3D71C38DF8FA" box="[1216,1252,1843,1869]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FB333D71C202F8FA" box="[1263,1387,1843,1869]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Hy. Edwards (AMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FEA33D15C6CDF8C6" box="[383,420,1879,1905]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FE693D15C574F8C6" box="[437,541,1879,1905]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">San Jose</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FDF03D15C5C4F8C6" box="[556,685,1879,1905]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, vii, F. Johnson (AMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FC313D15C37BF8C6" box="[1005,1042,1879,1905]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FBFF3D15C3CAF8C6" box="[1059,1187,1879,1905]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Van Patten.,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327CFFF6FA943D15C663F822" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">Castnia humboldti</taxonomicName>
rofolimba,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327CFFF6FE503D39C533F822" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1875" box="[396,602,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humboldti">Castnia humboldti</taxonomicName>
var.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327CFFF6FD4C3D39C420F822" authority="Stnd." authorityName="Stnd." box="[656,841,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufolimba">Rufolimba Stnd.</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327CFFF6FC933D39C4A2F822" box="[847,971,1915,1941]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Van Patten,” Strecker Colln. 23399 Field Museum Nat. Hist. (FMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FE3F3DDDC56EF80E" box="[483,519,1951,1977]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FD883DDDC5B1F80E" box="[596,728,1951,1977]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327CFFF6FD3C3DDDC4B1F80E" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[736,984,1951,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327CFFF6FC023DDDC30BF80E" box="[990,1122,1951,1977]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="45" pageNumber="196">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal,
<quantity id="603C9B27327CFFF6FF4B3D81C7B3F86A" box="[151,218,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" unit="m" value="280.0">280m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327CFFF6FF3A3D81C619F86A" box="[230,368,1987,2013]" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" value="2006-07-18">18-Jul-2006</date>
, Col. J.D. Turner &amp; N. Turner, 06-SRNP-103393 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327CFFF6FB9C3D80C3F9F86A" box="[1088,1168,1986,2013]" degrees="10.858" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" precision="55" value="10.858">10.858</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327CFFF6FB403D80C39BF86A" box="[1180,1266,1986,2013]" degrees="85.611" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" precision="55" value="-85.611">-85.611</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327CFFF6FAAE3D81C2FCF86A" box="[1394,1429,1987,2013]" count="1" pageId="45" pageNumber="196" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FF073AD5C636FF06" box="[219,351,151,177]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FEB03AD5C502FF06" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[364,619,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FDA93AD5C590FF06" box="[629,761,151,177]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FB903AD5C3E6FF06" box="[1100,1167,151,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="280.0">280m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FB413AD5C24EFF06" box="[1181,1319,151,177]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2006-07-18">18-Jul-2006</date>
, Col. J.D. Turner &amp; N. Turner, 06-SRNP-103394 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327FFFF5FD203AF8C425FF62" box="[764,844,186,213]" degrees="10.858" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" precision="55" value="10.858">10.858</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327FFFF5FC873AF8C4D9FF62" box="[859,944,186,213]" degrees="85.611" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" precision="55" value="-85.611">-85.611</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FBEA3AF9C331FF62" box="[1078,1112,187,213]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FB733AF9C25AFF62" box="[1199,1331,187,213]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FA9D3AF9C658FF4E" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FEEB3A9DC6D2FF4E" box="[311,443,223,249]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FD263A9DC455FF4E" box="[762,828,223,249]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="280.0">280m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FC9A3A9DC4B9FF4E" box="[838,976,223,249]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2006-07-18">18-Jul-2006</date>
, Col. J.D. Turner &amp; N. Turner, 06-SRNP-103395 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327FFFF5FE563B40C6B3FEAA" box="[394,474,258,285]" degrees="10.858" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" precision="55" value="10.858">10.858</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327FFFF5FE3B3B40C555FEAA" box="[487,572,258,285]" degrees="85.611" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" precision="55" value="-85.611">-85.611</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FD613B41C589FEAA" box="[701,736,259,285]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, Prov.
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FCED3B41C4DCFEAA" box="[817,949,259,285]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FC1C3B41C3D5FEAA" authority="de Conservacion" authorityName="de Conservacion" box="[960,1212,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Celaenorrhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="area">Area de Conservación</taxonomicName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FB183B41C221FEAA" box="[1220,1352,259,285]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
, Sector Santa Rosa, Cafetal,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FE5B3B65C6A3FEF6" box="[391,458,295,321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="280.0">280m</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FE0B3B65C508FEF6" box="[471,609,295,321]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2006-07-18">18-Jul-2006</date>
, Col. J.D. Turner &amp; N. Turner, 06-SRNP-103396 (sequenced),
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327FFFF5FAEA3B64C2EFFEF6" box="[1334,1414,294,321]" degrees="10.858" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" precision="55" value="10.858">10.858</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C2F05005327FFFF5FA4F3B65C78AFED2" degrees="85.611" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" precision="55" value="-85.611">- 85.611</geoCoordinate>
(NMNH);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FEB43B09C6CBFED2" box="[360,418,331,357]" count="8" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">8♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FE6D3B09C683FED2" box="[433,490,331,357]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
, Escazu,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FD863B09C5B3FED2" box="[602,730,331,357]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Aug. – Oct. 03 (Underwood). (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB0B3B09C393FED2" box="[1239,1274,331,357]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FAD03B09C7B6FE3E" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FAD03B09C7B6FE3E" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Castniomera drucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FF393B2DC634FE3E" box="[229,349,367,393]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
Schaus. 1911
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FE213B2DC472FE3E" authority="Strand. 1913" authorityName="Strand." authorityYear="1913" box="[509,795,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufolimba">
=
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FDCE3B2DC5E9FE3E" box="[530,640,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">rufolimba</emphasis>
Strand. 1913
</taxonomicName>
., B.C.A. Lep. Het.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FC373B2DC3ECFE3E" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[1003,1157,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
Castnia
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FB993B2DC3ECFE3E" box="[1093,1157,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FB4D3B2DC264FE3E" box="[1169,1293,367,393]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Van Patten., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913, Joicey Bequest. Brit.Mus. 1934-120. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FBAC3BD1C3C3FE1A" box="[1136,1194,403,429]" count="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">3♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB623BD1C39EFE1A" box="[1214,1271,403,429]" count="4" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">4♀♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FAD03BD1C2FDFE1A" box="[1292,1428,403,429]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
., A.G.M.Guillott., B.M.1929-315. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FD403BF5C5A9FE66" box="[668,704,439,465]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FD123BF5C461FE66" box="[718,776,439,465]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">2♀♀</specimenCount>
, B.C.A. Lep. Het.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FC033BF5C312FE66" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[991,1147,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
Castnia
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FBE73BF5C312FE66" box="[1083,1147,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FB563BF5C261FE66" box="[1162,1288,439,465]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Van Patten., Godman-Salvin Coll. 96.-222. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FDA33B99C5D3FE42" box="[639,698,475,501]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">2♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FD193B99C581FE42" box="[709,744,475,501]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, B.C.A. Lep. Het.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FC613B99C331FE42" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Diaz" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[957,1112,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
Castnia
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FBC43B99C331FE42" box="[1048,1112,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FBBB3B99C38DFE42" box="[1127,1252,475,501]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Van Patten., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913, Joicey Bequest. Brit.Mus. 1934-120. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FBDC3BBDC34AFDAE" box="[1024,1059,511,537]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, B.C.A. Lep. Het.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FB263BBDC227FDAE" box="[1274,1358,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Castnia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FA893BBDC60DFD8A" authority=", Humboldti Boisd." authorityName="Humboldti Boisd." class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FA893BBDC2FCFDAE" box="[1365,1429,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">futilis</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FF4B3861C666FD8A" box="[151,271,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Humboldti</emphasis>
Boisd.
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FEAE3861C698FD8A" box="[370,497,547,573]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Van Patten., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913, Joicey Bequest. Brit.Mus. 1934-120. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FEFD3805C62CFDD6" box="[289,325,583,609]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, B.C.A. Lep. Het.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FDCD3805C5C2FDD6" box="[529,683,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
Castnia
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FDB73805C5C2FDD6" box="[619,683,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FD6B3805C45BFDD6" box="[695,818,583,609]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Van Patten., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FF4B3829C7D5FD32" box="[151,188,619,645]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, B.C.A. Lep. Het.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FE443829C55CFD32" box="[408,565,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
Castnia
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FE293829C55CFD32" box="[501,565,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">futilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FD9A3829C5ACFD32" box="[582,709,619,645]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913., Ex Coll. Herbert Druce. 1913. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FEFD38CDC635FD1E" box="[289,348,655,681]" count="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">3♂♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FEBA38CDC68BFD1E" box="[358,482,655,681]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, 60. 25., Joicey Bequest. Brit.Mus. 1934-120. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FBB038CDC3F9FD1E" box="[1132,1168,655,681]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FB4038CDC652FD7A" authority="Schaus, SanMateo CR" authorityName="Schaus, SanMateo CR" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FB4038CDC228FD1E" box="[1180,1345,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Castnia drucei</emphasis>
Schaus, SanMateo CR
</taxonomicName>
, Nov25-Dec12, 1-2000ft’06 (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FCC438F1C455FD7A" box="[792,828,691,717]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FC9038F1C4A5FD7A" box="[844,972,691,717]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, (Underwood). (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FACD38F1C25CFD7A" box="[1297,1333,691,717]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FA9938F1C5CEFD46" authority="Schaus, SanMateo CR, Dec (NHMUK)" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FA9938F1C7B6FD46" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Castnia drucei</emphasis>
Schaus, SanMateo CR, Dec (NHMUK)
</taxonomicName>
;
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FD6E3895C5BEFD46" box="[690,727,727,753]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, B.C.A. Lep. Het.
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FC703895C369FD46" box="[940,1024,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Castnia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FBDB3895C3FBFD46" authority=", Irazu" authorityName="Irazu" box="[1031,1170,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="futilis">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FBDB3895C32EFD46" box="[1031,1095,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">futilis</emphasis>
, Irazu
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FB423895C279FD46" box="[1182,1296,727,753]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0677144" metricValueMax="2.1336" metricValueMin="0.0018287999999999998" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="ft" value="3503.0" valueMax="7000.0" valueMin="6.0">6-7000 ft.</quantity>
, H. Rogers., Godman-Salvin Coll. 96.-222. (NHMUK);
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FD4538B9C5D4FCA2" box="[665,701,763,789]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FD0D38B9C37EFCA2" authority="Schaus" authorityName="Schaus" box="[721,1047,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FD0D38B9C4D1FCA2" box="[721,952,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Castniomera drucei</emphasis>
Schaus
</taxonomicName>
, det. Jacqueline Y. Miller 1977,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FF4B395DC6A5FC8E" authority="Schaus" authorityName="Schaus" box="[151,460,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castniomera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drucei">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327FFFF5FF4B395DC61EFC8E" box="[151,375,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Castniomera drucei</emphasis>
Schaus
</taxonomicName>
9,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FE2C395DC500FC8E" box="[496,617,799,825]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
(Underwood). (NHMUK).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327EFFF4FF4B3B08C525FEDF" bold="true" box="[151,588,330,360]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327EFFF4FF4B3B08C6DBFED2" authority="(Rothschild, 1919)" baseAuthorityName="Rothschild" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[151,434,330,357]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Telchin" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="licus" subSpecies="microsticta">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327EFFF4FF4B3B08C6DBFED2" bold="true" box="[151,434,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Telchin licus microsticta</emphasis>
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(
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,
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):
</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FF4B3B2DC408FE3E" box="[151,865,367,393]" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="May" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FF4B3B2DC7D5FE3E" box="[151,188,367,393]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="787F8860327EFFF4FF103B2DC642FE3E" box="[204,299,367,393]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327EFFF4FEE53B2DC5FAFE3E" authority=", Esperanza C. R." authorityName="Esperanza C. R." box="[313,659,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327EFFF4FEE53B2DC6A6FE3E" box="[313,463,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Castnia licus</emphasis>
, Esperanza C.R.
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FD7F3B2DC5BFFE3E" box="[675,726,367,393]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">May</collectorName>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FD343B2DC430FE3E" box="[744,857,367,393]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FCB33B2DC355FE1A" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Costa Rica" location="Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FCB33B2DC4FAFE3E" box="[879,915,367,393]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FC7F3B2DC300FE3E" box="[931,1129,367,393]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">B.C.A. Lep. Het.</collectorName>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327EFFF4FBAF3B2DC26FFE3E" box="[1139,1286,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="licus">
Castnia
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327EFFF4FB0D3B2DC26FFE3E" box="[1233,1286,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">licus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327EFFF4FAC43B2DC2F1FE3E" box="[1304,1432,367,393]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, Ex
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FF1E3BD1C6DBFE1A" box="[194,434,403,429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Coll. Herbert Druce.</collectorName>
1913,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FDDB3BD1C45AFE1A" box="[519,819,403,429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Joicey Bequest. Brit.Mus.</collectorName>
1934-120. (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FC183BD1C35CFE1A" box="[964,1077,403,429]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FB903BD1C637FE66" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Costa Rica" location="Rio Estrella." pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FB903BD1C319FE1A" box="[1100,1136,403,429]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FB5D3BD1C27AFE1A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327EFFF4FF4B3B08C3A6FA86:A21B6019327EFFF4FB5D3BD1C27AFE1A" box="[1153,1299,403,429]" country="Costa Rica" name="Rio Estrella." pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Rio Estrella.</location>
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1916. (
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;
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&amp; J., 280000_590500, INBIOCRI000014446, MNCR-A14446 (
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)
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;
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_N_298212_427913. #62481, INB0003317045, MNCR-A3317045 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
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de
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N de
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,
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, L_N_286000_567500, #2101, INBIOCRI001696763, MNCR-A1696763 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FF433901C791FCEA" box="[159,248,835,861]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FED33901C3E2FC36" collectingDate="1989-05" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Biodiversity Survey" country="Costa Rica" elevation="400" location="Est. Pitilla" municipality="Fca. Pasmompa" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FED33901C65DFCEA" box="[271,308,835,861]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327EFFF4FE983901C694FCEA" box="[324,509,835,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Fca. Pasmompa</collectingMunicipality>
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<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FDD03901C5E1FCEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327EFFF4FF4B3B08C3A6FA86:A21B6019327EFFF4FDD03901C5E1FCEA" box="[524,648,835,861]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Fca. Pasmompa" name="Est. Pitilla" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Est. Pitilla</location>
,
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<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327EFFF4FD4B3901C5B0FCEA" box="[663,729,835,861]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="400.0">400m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
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<quantity id="603C9B27327EFFF4FD343900C473FCEA" box="[744,794,834,861]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="km" value="5.0">5km</quantity>
SW Santa Cecilia
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327EFFF4FBD83901C3A7FCEA" box="[1028,1230,835,861]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Guanacaste Prov.</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A1002327EFFF4FB013901C23FFCEA" box="[1245,1366,835,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="1989-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327EFFF4FB013901C23FFCEA" box="[1245,1366,835,861]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="1989-05">May 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
, GNP
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FF4B3925C611FC36" box="[151,376,871,897]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Biodiversity Survey</collectorName>
, 330500_380600, INBIOCRI001056115, MNCR-A1056115 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FBF63925C3EAFC36" box="[1066,1155,871,897]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FB493925C636FC7E" collectingDate="1989-04" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName=" R. Agular &amp; J. Solano" country="Costa Rica" location="Prov." municipality="Tortuguero" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FB493925C3D0FC36" box="[1173,1209,871,897]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FB193925C7C7FC12" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Cuatro Esquinas, P. N</collectorName>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327EFFF4FF6B39C9C65FFC12" box="[183,310,907,933]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Tortuguero</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FEE339C9C613FC12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327EFFF4FF4B3B08C3A6FA86:A21B6019327EFFF4FEE339C9C613FC12" box="[319,378,907,933]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Tortuguero" name="Prov." pageId="47" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Limon">Prov.</location>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327EFFF4FEA339C9C6A4FC12" box="[383,461,907,933]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Limón</collectingRegion>
, 0m,
<date id="D37A1002327EFFF4FDD839C9C5E9FC12" box="[516,640,907,933]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="1989-04">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327EFFF4FDD839C9C5E9FC12" box="[516,640,907,933]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="1989-04">April 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FD5539C9C59DFC12" box="[649,756,907,933]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">R.Agular</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FCC839C9C415FC12" box="[788,892,907,933]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">J. Solano</collectorName>
, 80000_590500, INBIOCRI000014453, MNCR- A14453 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FF2239EDC63EFC7E" box="[254,343,943,969]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FEB539EDC3A7FC5A" collectingDate="1989-05" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Biodiversity Survey" country="Costa Rica" elevation="400" location="Estacion Pitilla" municipality="Fca. Pasmompa" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FEB539EDC6E4FC7E" box="[361,397,943,969]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327EFFF4FE4439EDC523FC7E" box="[408,586,943,969]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Fca. Pasmompa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FD8F39EDC596FC7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327EFFF4FF4B3B08C3A6FA86:A21B6019327EFFF4FD8F39EDC596FC7E" box="[595,767,943,969]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Fca. Pasmompa" name="Estacion Pitilla" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Estación Pitilla</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327EFFF4FCD439EDC422FC7E" box="[776,843,943,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="400.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327EFFF4FCD439EDC422FC7E" box="[776,843,943,969]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="400.0">400m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<locationDeviation id="B6C92FE0327EFFF4FC8839ECC326FC7E" box="[852,1103,942,969]" location="Santa Cecilia" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">
<quantity id="603C9B27327EFFF4FC8839ECC4EFFC7E" box="[852,902,942,969]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="km" value="5.0">5km</quantity>
SW Santa Cecilia
</locationDeviation>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327EFFF4FB8439EDC275FC7E" box="[1112,1308,943,969]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Guanacaste Prov.</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="D37A1002327EFFF4FAF939EDC2F1FC7E" box="[1317,1432,943,969]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="1989-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327EFFF4FAF939EDC2F1FC7E" box="[1317,1432,943,969]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="1989-05">May 1989</collectingDate>
</date>
, GNP
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FF093991C6DFFC5A" box="[213,438,979,1005]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Biodiversity Survey</collectorName>
, 330500_380600, INBIOCRI001055968, MNCR-A1055968 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FBB13991C3AFFC5A" box="[1133,1222,979,1005]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FB053991C463FB82" collectingDate="2009-06-20" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="R. Villalobos &amp; Colecta Libre, L" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." elevation="250" location="Rio Victoria" municipality="Veragua Rainforest" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FB053991C394FC5A" box="[1241,1277,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327EFFF4FAD63991C22CFC5A" box="[1290,1349,979,1005]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Prov.</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327EFFF4FA963991C2F1FC5A" box="[1354,1432,979,1005]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327EFFF4FF4B39B5C61DFBA6" box="[151,372,1015,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Veragua Rainforest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FE5D39B5C579FBA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327EFFF4FF4B3B08C3A6FA86:A21B6019327EFFF4FE5D39B5C579FBA6" box="[385,528,1015,1041]" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." municipality="Veragua Rainforest" name="Rio Victoria" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Limon">Río Victoria</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327EFFF4FDC139B5C5FAFBA6" box="[541,659,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327EFFF4FDC139B5C5FAFBA6" box="[541,659,1015,1041]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200-300m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327EFFF4FD7D39B5C457FBA6" box="[673,830,1015,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="2009-06-20">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327EFFF4FD7D39B5C457FBA6" box="[673,830,1015,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="2009-06-20">20 JUN 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FC9039B5C48DFBA6" box="[844,996,1015,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">R. Villalobos</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FC2E39B5C3C6FBA6" box="[1010,1199,1014,1041]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Colecta Libre, L</collectorName>
_N_212000_625500. #97513, INB0004223002, MNCR-A4223002 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FD753E59C46BFB82" box="[681,770,1051,1077]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FCCB3E59C617FBCA" collectingDate="2009-06-20" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="R. Villalobos &amp; Colecta Libre, L" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." elevation="250" location="Rio Victoria" municipality="Veragua Rainforest" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FCCB3E59C452FB82" box="[791,827,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327EFFF4FC953E59C4EDFB82" box="[841,900,1051,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Prov.</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327EFFF4FC503E59C4B3FB82" box="[908,986,1051,1077]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327EFFF4FC3A3E59C3ABFB82" box="[998,1218,1051,1077]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Veragua Rainforest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FB133E59C235FB82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327EFFF4FF4B3B08C3A6FA86:A21B6019327EFFF4FB133E59C235FB82" box="[1231,1372,1051,1077]" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." municipality="Veragua Rainforest" name="Rio Victoria" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Limon">Río Victoria</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327EFFF4FAB53E59C7B3FBEE" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327EFFF4FAB53E59C7B3FBEE" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200- 300m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327EFFF4FF373E7DC6E7FBEE" box="[235,398,1087,1113]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="2009-06-20">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327EFFF4FF373E7DC6E7FBEE" box="[235,398,1087,1113]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="2009-06-20">20 JUN 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FE433E7DC552FBEE" box="[415,571,1087,1113]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">R. Villalobos</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FD973E7DC466FBEE" box="[587,783,1086,1113]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Colecta Libre, L</collectorName>
_N_212000_625500. #97513, INB0004223000, MNCR- A4223000 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FEC13E21C61FFBCA" box="[285,374,1123,1149]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FE563E21C3D2FB16" collectingDate="2009-06-20" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="R. Villalobos &amp; Colecta Libre, L" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." elevation="250" location="Rio Victoria" municipality="Veragua Rainforest" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FE563E21C6C6FBCA" box="[394,431,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327EFFF4FE603E21C69EFBCA" box="[444,503,1123,1149]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Prov.</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327EFFF4FE233E21C524FBCA" box="[511,589,1123,1149]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327EFFF4FD843E21C45DFBCA" box="[600,820,1123,1149]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Veragua Rainforest</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FCE33E21C4A5FBCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327EFFF4FF4B3B08C3A6FA86:A21B6019327EFFF4FCE33E21C4A5FBCA" box="[831,972,1123,1149]" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." municipality="Veragua Rainforest" name="Rio Victoria" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Limon">Río Victoria</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327EFFF4FC043E21C327FBCA" box="[984,1102,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327EFFF4FC043E21C327FBCA" box="[984,1102,1123,1149]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="200.0">200-300m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327EFFF4FB873E21C39CFBCA" box="[1115,1269,1123,1149]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="2009-06-20">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327EFFF4FB873E21C39CFBCA" box="[1115,1269,1123,1149]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="2009-06-20">20 JUN 2009</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FADD3E21C2F1FBCA" box="[1281,1432,1123,1149]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">R. Villalobos</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FF4B3EC5C63BFB16" box="[151,338,1158,1185]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Colecta Libre, L</collectorName>
_N_212000_625500. #97513, INB0004223001, MNCR-A4223001 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FB863EC5C3DAFB16" box="[1114,1203,1159,1185]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FB1B3EC5C617FB5E" collectingDate="1983-04-22" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Isidro A. Chacon G." country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." location="Finca La Selva" municipality="Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FB1B3EC5C385FB16" box="[1223,1260,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327EFFF4FB263EC5C25CFB16" box="[1274,1333,1159,1185]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Prov.</collectingCounty>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327EFFF4FAE13EC5C2F0FB16" box="[1341,1433,1159,1185]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Heredia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327EFFF4FF4B3EE9C6A8FB72" box="[151,449,1195,1221]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FE133EE9C516FB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327EFFF4FF4B3B08C3A6FA86:A21B6019327EFFF4FE133EE9C516FB72" box="[463,639,1195,1221]" country="Costa Rica" county="Prov." municipality="Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui" name="Finca La Selva" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" stateProvince="Heredia">Finca La Selva</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327EFFF4FD513EE9C459FB72" box="[653,816,1195,1221]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="1983-04-22">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327EFFF4FD513EE9C459FB72" box="[653,816,1195,1221]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="1983-04-22">22 Abril 1983</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FCE23EE9C341FB72" box="[830,1064,1195,1221]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Isidro A. Chacón G.</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001109498, MNCR- A1109498 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FEC13E8DC61FFB5E" box="[285,374,1231,1257]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FE563E8DC43BFABA" collectingDate="2012-07-01" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Isac Rodriguez" country="Costa Rica" county="Pococi" elevation="742" location="Rio Blanquito" municipality="Guapiles" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Limon" typeStatus="syntype">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FE563E8DC6C6FB5E" box="[394,431,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327EFFF4FE613E8DC562FB5E" box="[445,523,1231,1257]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
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,
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<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FEC83991C6FBFC5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FEC83991C6FBFC5A" box="[276,402,979,1005]" county="Corcovado" municipality="Osa Peninsula" name="Puntarenas" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Puntarenas</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FE433991C54EFC5A" box="[415,551,979,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2013-04-06">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FE433991C54EFC5A" box="[415,551,979,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2013-04-06">06/abr/2013</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FDE43991C503FC5A" box="[568,618,979,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">RW</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FDA33991C34EFC5A" box="[639,1063,979,1005]" collectingDate="2010-07-16" collectionCode="DC" location="Uvita - Osa" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FDA33991C5CAFC5A" box="[639,675,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FD6E3991C456FC5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FD6E3991C456FC5A" box="[690,831,979,1005]" name="Uvita - Osa" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Uvita – Osa</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FC903991C48BFC5A" box="[844,994,979,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2010-07-16">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FC903991C48BFC5A" box="[844,994,979,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2010-07-16">16-July-2010</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FC2F3991C376FC5A" box="[1011,1055,979,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">DC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FBE93991C61EFBA6" collectingDate="2010-07-16" collectionCode="DC" location="Osa Peninsula" municipality="Corcovado" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FBE93991C333FC5A" box="[1077,1114,979,1005]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FBB53991C38EFC5A" box="[1129,1255,979,1005]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Corcovado</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FB283991C2F1FC5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FB283991C2F1FC5A" box="[1268,1432,979,1005]" municipality="Corcovado" name="Osa Peninsula" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Osa Peninsula</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FF4B39B5C644FBA6" box="[151,301,1015,1041]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2010-07-16">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FF4B39B5C644FBA6" box="[151,301,1015,1041]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2010-07-16">16-July-2010</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FE9F39B5C606FBA6" box="[323,367,1015,1041]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">DC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FE5639B5C460FBA6" box="[394,777,1015,1041]" collectionCode="DC" country="Panama" location="Panama" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FE5639B5C6C7FBA6" box="[394,430,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
, Frontera con
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FDBA39B5C5D6FBA6" box="[614,703,1015,1041]" name="Panama" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Panamá</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FD0939B5C468FBA6" box="[725,769,1015,1041]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">DC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FCC039B5C5E1FB82" collectingDate="2012-06" collectionCode="DC" country="Panama" county="Guapiles" elevation="550" location="Santa" municipality="Pococi Buenos Aires" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FCC039B5C456FBA6" box="[796,831,1015,1041]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FC8839B5C37BFBA6" box="[852,1042,1015,1041]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Limón Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327FFFF5FBF939B5C3E2FBA6" box="[1061,1163,1015,1041]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guápiles</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FB4239B5C2F1FBA6" box="[1182,1432,1015,1041]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Pococí Buenos Aires</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FF4B3E59C7BCFB82" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FF4B3E59C7BCFB82" box="[151,213,1051,1077]" country="Panama" county="Guapiles" municipality="Pococi Buenos Aires" name="Santa" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Limon">Santa</location>
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327FFFF5FF033E59C60FFB82" authority="River" authorityName="River" box="[223,358,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Heliconius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara">Clara River</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FEAF3E58C6D6FB82" box="[371,447,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="550.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FEAF3E58C6D6FB82" box="[371,447,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FE123E59C52BFB82" box="[462,578,1051,1077]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2012-06">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FE123E59C52BFB82" box="[462,578,1051,1077]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2012-06">June-2012</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FD883E59C5E9FB82" box="[596,640,1051,1077]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">DC</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FD4B3E59C41BFBEE" collectingDate="1981-05-23" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName=" I. A. Chacon" country="Panama" elevation="1050" location="San Jose" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FD4B3E59C5D2FB82" box="[663,699,1051,1077]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FD173E59C45BFB82" box="[715,818,1051,1077]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">San José</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FC9C3E59C4B3FB82" box="[832,986,1051,1077]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">P. B. Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FC343E59C31BFB82" box="[1000,1138,1051,1077]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">La Montura</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FB5D3E58C3B8FB82" box="[1153,1233,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="1050.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FB5D3E58C3B8FB82" box="[1153,1233,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="1050.0">1050m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FB033E59C214FB82" box="[1247,1405,1051,1077]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1981-05-23">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FB033E59C214FB82" box="[1247,1405,1051,1077]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1981-05-23">23mayo 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FA503E59C67DFBEE" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">I. A. Chacón</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001055993, MNCR-A1055993 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FCCD3E7DC403FBEE" box="[785,874,1087,1113]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FC5C3E7DC3C8FBCA" collectingDate="1986-05-23" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="I. A. Chacon" country="Panama" location="Rio San Lorencito" municipality="Reserva de San Ramon" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alajuela">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FC5C3E7DC4CAFBEE" box="[896,931,1087,1113]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FC6F3E7DC37CFBEE" box="[947,1045,1087,1113]" country="Costa Rica" name="Alajuela" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Alajuela</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FBFE3E7DC25BFBEE" box="[1058,1330,1087,1113]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Reserva de San Ramón</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FA9C3E7DC66EFBCA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FA9C3E7DC66EFBCA" country="Panama" municipality="Reserva de San Ramon" name="Rio San Lorencito" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Alajuela">Río San Lorencito</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FECF3E21C6C1FBCA" box="[275,424,1123,1149]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1986-05-23">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FECF3E21C6C1FBCA" box="[275,424,1123,1149]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1986-05-23">23mayo1986</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FE693E21C52EFBCA" box="[437,583,1123,1149]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">I. A. Chacón</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001056104, MNCR-A1056104 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FB9C3E21C3F0FBCA" box="[1088,1177,1123,1149]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FB713E21C3B6FB16" collectingDate="1988-05-29" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="A. Solis" country="Panama" location="Rancho Quemado" municipality="Osa" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB713E21C3BBFBCA" box="[1197,1234,1123,1149]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FB3C3E21C237FBCA" box="[1248,1374,1123,1149]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FAB63E21C2F1FBCA" box="[1386,1432,1123,1149]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Osa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FF4B3EC5C60FFB16" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FF4B3EC5C60FFB16" box="[151,358,1159,1185]" country="Panama" municipality="Osa" name="Rancho Quemado" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Rancho Quemado</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FEAE3EC5C570FB16" box="[370,537,1159,1185]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1988-05-29">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FEAE3EC5C570FB16" box="[370,537,1159,1185]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1988-05-29">29 mayo 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FDF93EC5C5EDFB16" box="[549,644,1159,1185]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">A. Solis</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001055992, MNCR-A1055992 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FBA23EC5C3BEFB16" box="[1150,1239,1159,1185]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FB303EC5C58FFB5E" collectingDate="1994-05" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Km S. Santa Cecilia, P. N. &amp; P. Rios" country="Panama" elevation="700" location="Prov. Guana" municipality="Est. Pitilla" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB303EC5C279FB16" box="[1260,1296,1159,1185]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FAC33EC5C2F1FB16" box="[1311,1432,1159,1185]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Est. Pitilla</collectingMunicipality>
, 9
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FF783EE9C6B0FB72" box="[164,473,1195,1221]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Km S. Santa Cecilia, P. N.</collectorName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FE3E3EE9C50FFB72" box="[482,614,1195,1221]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FDA83EE9C46AFB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FDA83EE9C46AFB72" box="[628,771,1195,1221]" country="Panama" municipality="Est. Pitilla" name="Prov. Guana" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Prov. Guana</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FCCD3EE9C43DFB72" box="[785,852,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FCCD3EE9C43DFB72" box="[785,852,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FCBD3EE9C4B0FB72" box="[865,985,1195,1221]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1994-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FCBD3EE9C4B0FB72" box="[865,985,1195,1221]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1994-05">May 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FC3A3EE9C350FB72" box="[998,1081,1195,1221]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">P. Ríos</collectorName>
, L_N_330200_380200. #2797, INBIOCRI002046954, MNCR-A2046954 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FD593E8DC5B7FB5E" box="[645,734,1231,1257]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FD283E8DC4C4FABA" collectingDate="1992-07" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="F. Quesada" country="Panama" location="Rancho Quemado" municipality="Peninsula de Osa" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FD283E8DC471FB5E" box="[756,792,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FCF43E8DC4CFFB5E" box="[808,934,1231,1257]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FC6F3E8DC312FB5E" box="[947,1147,1231,1257]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Península de Osa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FB553E8DC231FB5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FB553E8DC231FB5E" box="[1161,1368,1231,1257]" country="Panama" municipality="Peninsula de Osa" name="Rancho Quemado" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Rancho Quemado</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FABA3E8DC7BBFABA" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1992-07">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FABA3E8DC7BBFABA" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1992-07">Julio 1992</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FF013EB1C632FABA" box="[221,347,1267,1293]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">F. Quesada</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001109446, MNCR-A1109446 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FC903EB1C4CCFABA" box="[844,933,1267,1293]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FC643EB1C4B9FA86" collectingDate="1988-05-29" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="A. Solis" country="Panama" location="Rancho Quemado" municipality="Osa" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FC643EB1C4B5FABA" box="[952,988,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FC343EB1C30FFABA" box="[1000,1126,1267,1293]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FBAD3EB1C3F6FABA" box="[1137,1183,1267,1293]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Osa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FB763EB1C21FFABA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FB763EB1C21FFABA" box="[1194,1398,1267,1293]" country="Panama" municipality="Osa" name="Rancho Quemado" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Rancho Quemado</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FA5C3EB1C67EFA86" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1988-05-29">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FA5C3EB1C67EFA86" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1988-05-29">29 mayo 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FEFC3F55C615FA86" box="[288,380,1303,1329]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">A. Solis</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001055994, MNCR-A1055994 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FCB33F55C4A1FA86" box="[879,968,1303,1329]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FC073F55C490FAE2" collectingDate="1988-05-29" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="A. Solis" country="Panama" location="Rancho Quemado" municipality="Osa" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FC073F55C496FA86" box="[987,1023,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FBD73F55C3E0FA86" box="[1035,1161,1303,1329]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FB4F3F55C3A8FA86" box="[1171,1217,1303,1329]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Osa</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FB103F55C2F1FA86" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FB103F55C2F1FA86" box="[1228,1432,1303,1329]" country="Panama" municipality="Osa" name="Rancho Quemado" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Rancho Quemado</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FF4B3F79C652FAE2" box="[151,315,1339,1365]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1988-05-29">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FF4B3F79C652FAE2" box="[151,315,1339,1365]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1988-05-29">29 mayo 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FE993F79C6CBFAE2" box="[325,418,1339,1365]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">A. Solis</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001055995, MNCR-A1055995 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FBD83F79C3AEFACE" collectingDate="1984-05-10" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="A. M. Chacon" country="Panama" elevation="700" location="San Jose" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FBD83F79C340FAE2" box="[1028,1065,1339,1365]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FBE93F79C3F3FAE2" box="[1077,1178,1339,1365]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">San José</collectingRegion>
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<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FB793F79C2F1FAE2" box="[1189,1432,1339,1365]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">P. N. Braulio Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FF4B3F1DC648FACE" box="[151,289,1375,1401]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Fila Carrillo</collectorName>
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<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FEF63F1DC604FACE" box="[298,365,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">
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,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FEA93F1DC57DFACE" box="[373,532,1375,1401]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1984-05-10">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FEA93F1DC57DFACE" box="[373,532,1375,1401]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1984-05-10">10 mayo 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FDC73F1DC5DEFACE" box="[539,695,1375,1401]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">A. M. Chacón</collectorName>
, INB0003527275, MNCR-A3527275 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FBBA3F1DC3D6FACE" box="[1126,1215,1375,1401]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FB0C3F1DC2F1FA2A" collectingDate="1984-05-26" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName=" A. M. Chacon" country="Panama" elevation="700" location="San Jose" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB0C3F1DC39DFACE" box="[1232,1268,1375,1401]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FB233F1DC209FACE" box="[1279,1376,1375,1401]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">San José</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FAB53F1DC622FA2A" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">P. N. Braulio Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FE8A3FC1C68BFA2A" box="[342,482,1411,1437]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Fila Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FE303FC1C546FA2A" box="[492,559,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FE303FC1C546FA2A" box="[492,559,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FDE53FC1C5B2FA2A" box="[569,731,1411,1437]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1984-05-26">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FDE53FC1C5B2FA2A" box="[569,731,1411,1437]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1984-05-26">26 mayo 1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FD3F3FC1C4EAFA2A" box="[739,899,1411,1437]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">A. M. Chacón</collectorName>
, INB0003527274, MNCR-A3527274 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FAEB3FC1C2F9FA2A" box="[1335,1424,1411,1437]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FF4B3FE5C38AFA52" collectingDate="2004-06-04" collectingDateMax="2004-06-07" collectingDateMin="2004-06-04" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="J. Montero &amp; Libre, L" country="Panama" county="Prov." elevation="1500" location="Transecto Irazu - Braulio Carrillo" municipality="Braulio Carrillo" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cartago">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FF4B3FE5C7D5FA76" box="[151,188,1447,1473]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327FFFF5FF153FE5C66DFA76" box="[201,260,1447,1473]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Prov.</collectingCounty>
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, P. N.
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FE6E3FE5C501FA76" box="[434,616,1447,1473]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Braulio Carrillo</collectingMunicipality>
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<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FDA83FE5C49BFA76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FDA83FE5C49BFA76" box="[628,1010,1447,1473]" country="Panama" county="Prov." municipality="Braulio Carrillo" name="Transecto Irazu - Braulio Carrillo" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Cartago">Transecto Irazú - Braulio Carrillo</location>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FC223FE5C31CFA76" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FC223FE5C31CFA76" box="[1022,1141,1447,1473]" country="Panama" county="Prov." municipality="Braulio Carrillo" name="Camp. No" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Cartago">Camp. No</location>
2,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FB533FE4C389FA76" box="[1167,1248,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="1500.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FB533FE4C389FA76" box="[1167,1248,1446,1473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FB303FE5C2F1FA76" box="[1260,1432,1447,1473]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2004-06-04" valueMax="2004-06-07" valueMin="2004-06-04">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FB303FE5C2F1FA76" box="[1260,1432,1447,1473]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2004-06-04" valueMax="2004-06-07" valueMin="2004-06-04">4 - 7JUN 2004</collectingDate>
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,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FF4B3F89C67DFA52" box="[151,276,1483,1509]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">J. Montero</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FEFC3F89C614FA52" box="[288,381,1482,1509]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Libre, L</collectorName>
_N_229850_547040. #77340, INB0003854210, MNCR-A3854210 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FB5E3F89C3B2FA52" box="[1154,1243,1483,1509]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FB333F89C200F9BE" collectingDate="1978-08-05" collectingDateMax="1978-08-14" collectingDateMin="1978-08-05" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="D. H. Janzen" country="Panama" location="Osa Peninsula" municipality="Corcovado National Park" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Cartago">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB333F89C27BFA52" box="[1263,1298,1483,1509]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FAFD3F89C65BF9BE" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Corcovado National Park</collectingMunicipality>
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<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FEE73FADC6B5F9BE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FEE73FADC6B5F9BE" box="[315,476,1519,1545]" country="Panama" municipality="Corcovado National Park" name="Osa Peninsula" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Cartago">Osa Peninsula</location>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FE383FACC5EAF9BE" box="[484,643,1518,1545]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1978-08-05" valueMax="1978-08-14" valueMin="1978-08-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FE383FACC5EAF9BE" box="[484,643,1518,1545]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1978-08-05" valueMax="1978-08-14" valueMin="1978-08-05">5-14Aug1978</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FD503FADC472F9BE" box="[652,795,1519,1545]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">D. H. Janzen</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI002607806, MNCR-A2607806 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FAD43FADC208F9BE" box="[1288,1377,1519,1545]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FAAE3FADC45DF9E6" collectingDate="1994-05" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Km S. Santa Cecilia, P. N. &amp; P. Rios" country="Panama" elevation="700" location="Prov. Guana" municipality="Est. Pitilla" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FAAE3FADC2FCF9BE" box="[1394,1429,1519,1545]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FF4B3C51C667F99A" box="[151,270,1555,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Est. Pitilla</collectingMunicipality>
, 9
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FEF93C51C522F99A" box="[293,587,1555,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Km S. Santa Cecilia, P. N.</collectorName>
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FD8D3C51C5BCF99A" box="[593,725,1555,1581]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FD3C3C51C405F99A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FD3C3C51C405F99A" box="[736,876,1555,1581]" country="Panama" municipality="Est. Pitilla" name="Prov. Guana" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Prov. Guana</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FCAB3C51C4D0F99A" box="[887,953,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FCAB3C51C4D0F99A" box="[887,953,1555,1581]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FC183C51C350F99A" box="[964,1081,1555,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1994-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FC183C51C350F99A" box="[964,1081,1555,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1994-05">May 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FB9F3C51C3FAF99A" box="[1091,1171,1555,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">P. Ríos</collectorName>
, L_N_330200_380200. #2797, INBIOCRI002046953, MNCR-A2046953 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FD0F3C75C445F9E6" box="[723,812,1591,1617]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FCE23C75C3E8F9C2" collectingDate="1988-06-12" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName=" A. M. Chacon" country="Panama" elevation="700" location="San Jose" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FCE23C75C408F9E6" box="[830,865,1591,1617]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FCB33C75C4BBF9E6" box="[879,978,1591,1617]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">San José</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FC013C75C3A4F9E6" box="[989,1229,1591,1617]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">P. N. Braulio Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FB0B3C75C2F1F9E6" box="[1239,1432,1591,1617]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Estación Carrillo</collectorName>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FF4B3C19C7B3F9C2" box="[151,218,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FF4B3C19C7B3F9C2" box="[151,218,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FF383C19C6ECF9C2" box="[228,389,1627,1653]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1988-06-12">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FF383C19C6ECF9C2" box="[228,389,1627,1653]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1988-06-12">12 Junio 1988</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FE513C19C544F9C2" box="[397,557,1627,1653]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">A. M. Chacón</collectorName>
, INBIOCRI001056105, MNCR-A1056105 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FBFC3C19C310F9C2" box="[1056,1145,1627,1653]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FB573C19C6B3F90A" collectingDate="1989-05" collectionCode="MNCR" country="Panama" elevation="700" location="Estac. Pitilla" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="San Jose">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB573C19C3C7F9C2" box="[1163,1198,1627,1653]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FB673C19C222F9C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FB673C19C222F9C2" box="[1211,1355,1627,1653]" country="Panama" name="Estac. Pitilla" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="San Jose">Estac. Pitilla</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FA893C19C2F1F9C2" box="[1365,1432,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FA893C19C2F1F9C2" box="[1365,1432,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="700.0">700m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FF4B3C3DC7A0F92E" box="[151,201,1663,1689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="km" value="9.0">9km</quantity>
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FF0E3C3DC6E3F92E" box="[210,394,1663,1689]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">S. Santa Cecilia</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FE4B3C3DC574F92E" box="[407,541,1663,1689]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guanac. Pr.</collectorName>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FDF63C3DC5F1F92E" box="[554,664,1663,1689]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1989-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FDF63C3DC5F1F92E" box="[554,664,1663,1689]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="1989-05">May1989</collectingDate>
</date>
, GNP
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FD393C3DC4A1F92E" box="[741,968,1663,1689]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Biodiversity Survey</collectorName>
, 330200_380200, INBIOCRI001056106, MNCR-A1056106 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FEA53CE1C6BBF90A" box="[377,466,1699,1725]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FE3A3CE1C3A9F956" collectingDate="2007-08-01" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="J. A. Azofeifa &amp; Libre, L" country="Panama" county="Golfito" elevation="34" location="Est. El Tigre" municipality="Est. El Tigre" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FE3A3CE1C560F90A" box="[486,521,1699,1725]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FDC53CE1C5FEF90A" box="[537,663,1699,1725]" country="Costa Rica" name="Puntarenas" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Puntarenas</collectingRegion>
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<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327FFFF5FD7F3CE1C59EF90A" box="[675,759,1699,1725]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Golfito</collectingCounty>
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<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FCDF3CE1C4FCF90A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FCDF3CE1C4FCF90A" box="[771,917,1699,1725]" country="Panama" county="Golfito" municipality="Est. El Tigre" name="Est. El Tigre" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FCDF3CE1C4FCF90A" box="[771,917,1699,1725]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Est. El Tigre</collectingMunicipality>
</location>
,
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,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FB5B3CE1C3D5F90A" box="[1159,1212,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="34.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FB5B3CE1C3D5F90A" box="[1159,1212,1699,1725]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="34.0">34m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FB143CE1C235F90A" box="[1224,1372,1699,1725]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2007-08-01">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FB143CE1C235F90A" box="[1224,1372,1699,1725]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2007-08-01">1 AGO 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FAB43CE1C795F956" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">J. A. Azofeifa</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FEDB3C85C60BF956" box="[263,354,1734,1761]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Libre, L</collectorName>
_S_277800_529600. #92162, INB0004105805, MNCR-A4105805 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FB833C85C3D1F956" box="[1119,1208,1735,1761]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FB173C85C466F89E" collectingDate="2013-04-12" collectionCode="MNCR" country="Panama" county="Prov." elevation="150" location="Est. Biol. La Tirimbina" municipality="Sarapiqui" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Heredia">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB173C85C387F956" box="[1227,1262,1735,1761]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327FFFF5FB203C85C25FF956" box="[1276,1334,1735,1761]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Prov.</collectingCounty>
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,
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,
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<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FD6D3CA9C43BF8B2" box="[689,850,1771,1797]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2013-04-12">12 ABR 2013</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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_N_268268_523359. #108140, INB0004388060, MNCR-A4388060 (
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)
</materialsCitation>
;
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<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327FFFF5FC7C3D4DC486F89E" box="[928,1007,1807,1833]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Pococí</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FC253D4DC336F89E" box="[1017,1119,1807,1833]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guapiles</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FBB53D4DC261F89E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FBB53D4DC261F89E" box="[1129,1288,1807,1833]" country="Panama" county="Pococi" latitude="10.113278" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-83.815056" municipality="Guapiles" name="Rio Blanquito" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Limon">Río Blanquito</location>
,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FACE3D4DC23CF89E" box="[1298,1365,1807,1833]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.42" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="742.0">
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,
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-
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,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FE443D71C578F8FA" box="[408,529,1843,1869]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2012-07">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FE443D71C578F8FA" box="[408,529,1843,1869]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2012-07">Julio 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
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, MNCR-E 56122, MNCR-A5056122 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FBA13D71C3BFF8FA" box="[1149,1238,1843,1869]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FB353D71C5CDF822" collectingDate="2015-03-24" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="Col. J. Solano" country="Panama" county="Osa" elevation="47950" location="Fila Retinto" municipality="Palmar Norte" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB353D71C267F8FA" box="[1257,1294,1843,1869]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
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<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327FFFF5FF4B3D15C7ACF8C6" box="[151,197,1879,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Osa</collectingCounty>
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<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FF0F3D15C619F8C6" box="[211,368,1879,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Palmar Norte</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FEA13D15C56EF8C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FEA13D15C56EF8C6" box="[381,519,1879,1905]" country="Panama" county="Osa" municipality="Palmar Norte" name="Fila Retinto" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Fila Retinto</location>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FDCA3D15C464F8C6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FDCA3D15C464F8C6" box="[534,781,1879,1905]" country="Panama" county="Osa" municipality="Palmar Norte" name="Fca. de Olivier Perez" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Fca. de Olivier Pérez</location>
, 8 59 31, 83 25
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FC0D3D15C329F8C6" box="[977,1088,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.795" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="47950.0">
<elevation id="2CE9D1F1327FFFF5FC0D3D15C329F8C6" box="[977,1088,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.795" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="47950.0">47, 950m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FB923D14C3AAF8C6" box="[1102,1219,1878,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2015-03-24">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FB923D14C3AAF8C6" box="[1102,1219,1878,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2015-03-24">24/3/2015</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FB0D3D15C21DF8C6" box="[1233,1396,1879,1905]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Col. J. Solano</collectorName>
Z., MNCR-E 55749, MNCR-A5055749 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FD9F3D39C5F5F822" box="[579,668,1915,1941]" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FD6C3D39C3E4F80E" collectingDate="2012-07-01" collectionCode="MNCR" collectorName="I. Rodriguez" country="Panama" county="Pococi" elevation="742" latitude="10.113278" location="Rio Blanquito" longitude="-83.815056" municipality="Guapiles" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Limon">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FD6C3D39C5BAF822" box="[688,723,1915,1941]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="6500F820327FFFF5FD3E3D39C459F822" box="[738,816,1915,1941]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Limón</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="4E1A4E4E327FFFF5FCE03D39C4E2F822" box="[828,907,1915,1941]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Pococí</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="471FACB8327FFFF5FC4B3D39C494F822" box="[919,1021,1915,1941]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guapiles</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FBD63D39C3C2F822" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FBD63D39C3C2F822" box="[1034,1195,1915,1941]" country="Panama" county="Pococi" latitude="10.113278" municipality="Guapiles" name="Rio Blanquito" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" stateProvince="Limon">Río Blanquito</location>
, 10 06 47.8 N, 83 48 54.2. W,
<quantity id="603C9B27327FFFF5FF213DDDC629F80E" box="[253,320,1951,1977]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.42" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" unit="m" value="742.0">
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</quantity>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FE973DDDC6B3F80E" box="[331,474,1951,1977]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2012-07-01">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FE973DDDC6B3F80E" box="[331,474,1951,1977]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2012-07-01">1 Julio 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FE3A3DDDC51FF80E" box="[486,630,1951,1977]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">I. Rodríguez</collectorName>
, MNCR-E 56123, MNCR-A5056123 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FBF03DDDC3ECF80E" box="[1068,1157,1951,1977]" collectionName="Costa Rica, San Jose, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" country="Costa Rica" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">MNCR</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF5FB453DDDC391F86A" collectingDate="2003-02-28" collectionCode="BS" collectorName="La Selva &amp; Grass" country="Costa Rica" location="Heredia" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Heredia">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FB453DDDC3D5F80E" box="[1177,1212,1951,1977]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FB173DDDC258F80E" box="[1227,1329,1951,1977]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">La Selva</collectorName>
,
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,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327FFFF5FF4B3D81C67FF86A" box="[151,278,1987,2013]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="D37A1002327FFFF5FEFF3D81C6ADF86A" box="[291,452,1987,2013]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2003-02-28">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327FFFF5FEFF3D81C6ADF86A" box="[291,452,1987,2013]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" value="2003-02-28">Feb. 28, 2003</collectingDate>
</date>
, fluttering in the
<collectorName id="0A315314327FFFF5FD503D81C5A5F86A" box="[652,716,1987,2013]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Grass</collectorName>
since its wings had not expanded properly (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327FFFF5FB153D81C386F86A" box="[1225,1263,1987,2013]" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">BS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327FFFF4FADA3D81C3A8FF06" collectingDate="2010-05" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="Vinciguerra" country="Costa Rica" lastPageId="47" lastPageNumber="198" location="Guapiles" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327FFFF5FADA3D81C243F86A" box="[1286,1322,1987,2013]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="197" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<location id="A21B6019327FFFF5FAE53D81C2F4F86A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327FFFF5FAE53D81C2F4F86A" box="[1337,1437,1987,2013]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guapiles" pageId="46" pageNumber="197">Guapiles</location>
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327EFFF4FF4B3AD5C67AFF06" box="[151,275,151,177]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="D37A1002327EFFF4FEC23AD5C6E4FF06" box="[286,397,151,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="2010-05">
<collectingDate id="C33EE9EA327EFFF4FEC23AD5C6E4FF06" box="[286,397,151,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" value="2010-05">Mai 2010</collectingDate>
</date>
, C 124,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FE3B3AD5C502FF06" box="[487,619,151,177]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Vinciguerra</collectorName>
coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015547975 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FB523AD5C3D1FF06" box="[1166,1208,151,177]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">RV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FB103AD5C3F7FF62" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="Vinciguerra" country="Costa Rica" location="San Vito" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327EFFF4FB203AD5C7A6FF62" baseAuthorityName="Boisduval" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Xanthocastnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viryi">Xanthocastnia viryi</taxonomicName>
,
<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FF053AF9C652FF62" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327EFFF4FF053AF9C652FF62" box="[217,315,187,213]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Vito" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">San Vito</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327EFFF4FE983AF9C6A9FF62" box="[324,448,187,213]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FE153AF9C524FF62" box="[457,589,187,213]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Vinciguerra</collectorName>
coll. BMNH(E) 2023-38, NHMUK 015547976 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FBB03AF9C3FFFF62" box="[1132,1174,187,213]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">RV</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FB753AF9C34FFF4E" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Costa Rica" location="Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FB753AF9C3A4FF62" box="[1193,1229,187,213]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<typeStatus id="787F8860327EFFF4FB043AF9C27BFF62" box="[1240,1298,187,213]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Type</typeStatus>
,
<taxonomicName id="60C44D41327EFFF4FAC03AF9C2FCFF62" authorityName="Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1917" box="[1308,1429,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Castniidae" genus="Castnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
<emphasis id="95B0EAD0327EFFF4FAC03AF9C2FCFF62" box="[1308,1429,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">intermedia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 1919R,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327EFFF4FF2C3A9DC604FF4E" box="[240,365,223,249]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, NHMUK014173434, VIAL NHMUK010402781 (
<collectionCode id="C1D5AE07327EFFF4FC723A9DC376FF4E" box="[942,1055,223,249]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="17AC3C9F327EFFF4FBED3A9DC379FEAA" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="Costa Rica" location="Underwood" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount id="B1C2FD4B327EFFF4FBED3A9DC33DFF4E" box="[1073,1108,223,249]" count="1" pageId="47" pageNumber="198" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="DFD37652327EFFF4FBBE3A9DC3B6FF4E" box="[1122,1247,223,249]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="A21B6019327EFFF4FB373A9DC21BFF4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F6D87D4327FFFF4FF4B3924C37DFEAA:A21B6019327EFFF4FB373A9DC21BFF4E" box="[1259,1394,223,249]" country="Costa Rica" name="Underwood" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Underwood</location>
, Ex
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FF4B3B41C6E8FEAA" box="[151,385,259,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Coll. Herbert Druce.</collectorName>
, 1913.,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FE043B41C5E2FEAA" box="[472,651,259,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Joicey Bequest.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="0A315314327EFFF4FD4A3B41C462FEAA" box="[662,779,259,285]" pageId="47" pageNumber="198">Brit. Mus.</collectorName>
, 1934-120. (
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>