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<mods:title id="7CF026D9DBF67421396FF6FAE6F1E6AD">Revision of Leucothoe (Amphipoda, Crustacea) from the Southern Ocean: a cosmopolitanism concept is vanishing</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="267BF1D793A79C844D6AFF0BBA1C1951">Krapp-Schickel, Traudl</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="55D2CBBE6A511CDED34130C9A8C931B0">Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum A. Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany E-mail: traudl. krapp @ uni-bonn. de (corresponding author) &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: E 1 B 1 DCCF- 04 CB- 4 B 1 A-A 69 B-A 7 C 25 EC 95 A 38</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2297BAE9453F4DD9405CA04DA7BE3471">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, rue Vautier 29, B- 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium E-mail: claude. debroyer @ naturalsciences. be &amp; urn: lsid: zoobank. org: author: 970067 BF-A 792 - 48 A 9 - B 32 A-B 91 F 0 E 41 C 354</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA5FFD4A639FA920C6AFAD4" bold="true" box="[585,842,1371,1398]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Leucothoe antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFA5FFD4A721FA920CCBFAD4" author="Pfeffer G." box="[849,1003,1371,1397]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="75 - 142" refId="ref21884" refString="Pfeffer G. 1888. Die Krebse von Sudgeorgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. 2. Teil. Die Amphipoden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 75 - 142." type="journal article" year="1888">Pfeffer, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="5C952A4EFFA5FFD4A699FA480C6AFA3D" box="[745,842,1409,1436]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="4.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionStartId-1="6.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-2="7.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-3="8.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-4="10.[189,232,1860,1886]" captionTargetBox-0="[197,1398,955,1945]" captionTargetBox-1="[224,1362,265,1890]" captionTargetBox-2="[236,1374,279,1889]" captionTargetBox-3="[244,1343,265,1890]" captionTargetBox-4="[197,1385,620,1806]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[189,1398,946,1958]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[224,1362,265,1890]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[213,1375,265,1890]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[244,1343,265,1890]" captionTargetId-4="figure@10.[189,1399,608,1819]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888: original illustration in Pfeffer 1888, fig. 4." captionText-1="Fig. 2. Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888, neotype ♀ 5 mm. Hd = head; A 1, 2 = antennae; Mx 1 = first maxilla; Mx 1’ = palp of first maxilla enlarged; Mx 2 = second maxilla; Md = mandible-body; Md’ = palp of mandible." captionText-2="Fig. 3. Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888, neotype ♀ 5 mm. Gn 1 = first gnathopod; Gn 1’ = dactylus, propodus and carpus of first gnathopod enlarged; Gn 2 = second gnathopod female; Gn 2’ = second gnathopod male; Mxp = maxilliped." captionText-3="Fig. 4. Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888, neotype ♀ 5mm. P 3-7 = peraeopod 3-7; P 7’ = basis of peraeopod 7 enlarged; Ep 1-3 = epimeral plates 1-3; U 1-3 = uropod 1-3; U 1’, U 2’ = uropods 1, 2 enlarged; T = telson, T’ = telson reduced; T’’ = tip of telson enlarged." captionText-4="Fig. 5. Distribution of Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888, L. campbelli sp. nov., L. longimembris sp. nov., L. macquariae sp. nov. and L. merletta sp. nov. The hydrographic fronts shown on the map are from north to south: the Sub-Tropical Front, the Sub-Antarctic Front, the Antarctic Polar Front and the Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front. Mean position of the fronts according to Sokolov &amp; Rintoul (2009). TL = type locality." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860903" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860905" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860907" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860909" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860911" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3860903/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3860905/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3860907/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3860909/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3860911/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1-5</figureCitation>
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<treatmentCitation id="450F10DAFFA5FFD4A4CDFA0D0D8DFA7E" author="Pfeffer G." box="[189,685,1476,1503]" page="57" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1888">
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFA5FFD4A4CDFA0D0D8DFA7E" ID-CoL="6Q67Q" authority="Pfeffer, 1888: 54 - 57" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityPageNumber="54 - 57" authorityYear="1888" box="[189,685,1476,1503]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA5FFD4A4CDFA0D0E17FA7F" box="[189,311,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Leucothoe</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="450F10DAFFA5FFD4A54FFA0C0D8DFA7E" author="Pfeffer G." box="[319,685,1476,1503]" page="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1888">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA5FFD4A54FFA0C0E96FA7F" box="[319,438,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFA5FFD4A5CDFA0D0D8DFA7E" author="Pfeffer G." box="[445,685,1476,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="75 - 142" refId="ref21884" refString="Pfeffer G. 1888. Die Krebse von Sudgeorgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. 2. Teil. Die Amphipoden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 75 - 142." type="journal article" year="1888">Pfeffer, 1888: 54-57</bibRefCitation>
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, Taf. II: fig. 4.
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sub 
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFA5FFD4A49DF9C10ECCF983" ID-CoL="6PVKX" baseAuthorityName="Abildgaard" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[237,492,1544,1570]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinicarpa">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA5FFD4A49DF9C10ECCF983" box="[237,492,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Leucothoe spinicarpa</emphasis>
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variant 3 – 
<treatmentCitation id="450F10DAFFA5FFD4A608F9C10B2FF983" author="Holman H. &amp; Watling L." box="[632,1039,1544,1570]" page="228" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFA5FFD4A608F9C10B2FF983" author="Holman H. &amp; Watling L." box="[632,1039,1544,1570]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="215 - 262" refId="ref21631" refString="Holman H. &amp; Watling L. 1983. Amphipoda from the Southern Ocean: families Colomastigidae, Dexaminidae, Leucothoidae, Liljeborgiidae, and Sebidae. Biology of the Antarctic Seas. 13. Antarctic Research Series 38 (4): 215 - 262." type="journal article" year="1983">Holman &amp; Watling 1983: 228-229</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8CB46540FFA5FFD4A4CDF9820E5EF88D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA5FFD4A4CDF9820E16F9C4" blockId="3.[189,310,1611,1637]" box="[189,310,1611,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="9F5981A7FFA5FFD4A4CDF9820E16F9C4" bold="true" box="[189,310,1611,1637]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="3">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA5FFD4A4CDF9820E16F9C4" bold="true" box="[189,310,1611,1637]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA5FFD4A4CDF9B40E5EF88D" blockId="3.[189,1399,1660,1836]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Eyes large, round. Mandibular palp long and narrow, art. 3 about 1/3 length of art. 2. Cx 3 tongue-shaped rounded, smooth. Gn 1 propodus l:w = 4-5, dactylus reaching about 1/3-1/4 of propodus length. P 5-7 basis oval broadened, with regularly rounded hind margin, ratio l:w = 1.5 to 1.2; posterior margin at least in P 7 strongly serrate (not mentioned in Pfeffer’s description). Ep 2 posterodistally with rounded upturned corner.</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA5FFD4A4CDF89C0E4CF8CE" bold="true" box="[189,364,1877,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type material</emphasis>
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ov. 
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, 2 slides (
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, I.G. 31073 / INV. 103461). 
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ANT 
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(
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I), sta. PS61/067-1; 
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<collectingDate id="A054E9E3FFA5FFD4A5B0F8620D7EF864" box="[448,606,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" value="2002-02-04">4 Feb. 2002</collectingDate>
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; off 
<collectingMunicipality id="2475ACB1FFA5FFD4A6D3F8620C45F864" box="[675,869,1963,1989]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Elephant Island</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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, 
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to 
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, 
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; 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA5FFD4A512F8190EC4F84A" box="[354,484,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4849999999999999" metricValueMax="1.8199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="148.5" valueMax="182.0" valueMin="115.0">
<elevation id="4F83D1F8FFA5FFD4A512F8190EC4F84A" box="[354,484,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4849999999999999" metricValueMax="1.8199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="148.5" valueMax="182.0" valueMin="115.0">115-182 m</elevation>
</quantity>
; bottom trawl.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A4CDFEC20E7DFE84" blockId="4.[189,349,267,293]" box="[189,349,267,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="9F5981A7FFA2FFD3A4CDFEC20E7DFE84" bold="true" box="[189,349,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA2FFD3A4CDFEC20E7DFE84" bold="true" box="[189,349,267,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A4CDFEF00ED2FED6" blockId="4.[189,1399,313,375]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry id="BCB9765BFFA2FFD3A4CDFEF00E51FEF2" box="[189,369,313,339]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">South Georgia</collectingCountry>
, Royal Bay, near the Deutsche Polarstation 
<date id="B010100BFFA2FFD3A7D3FEF30B02FEF5" box="[931,1058,314,340]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1882" valueMax="1883">1882-1883</date>
at Moltke Harbor, approx. 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA2FFD3A4CDFE950E6AFED6" box="[189,330,348,375]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-54.51611">54°30’58”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA2FFD3A526FE950ECDFED6" box="[342,493,348,375]" degrees="36" direction="west" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-36.0125">36°00’45”W</geoCoordinate>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A4CDFE570E94FE19" blockId="4.[189,436,414,440]" box="[189,436,414,440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="9F5981A7FFA2FFD3A4CDFE570E94FE19" bold="true" box="[189,436,414,440]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA2FFD3A4CDFE570E94FE19" bold="true" box="[189,436,414,440]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Additional material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A49AFE050D97FE47" blockId="4.[189,1289,460,523]" box="[234,695,460,486]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA2FFD3A49AFE050D97FE47" bold="true" box="[234,695,460,486]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Belgian-Dutch Antarctic Expeditions</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A4CDFE390A29FDAA" blockId="4.[189,1289,460,523]" box="[189,1289,496,523]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
(
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A4B5FE390E00FDAB" box="[197,288,496,522]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
, 
<collectingRegion id="066AF829FFA2FFD3A55CFE390EB2FDAB" box="[300,402,496,522]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brussels</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A5EEFE390ECEFDAB" box="[414,494,496,522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">EABN</collectionCode>
<date id="B010100BFFA2FFD3A585FE390D79FDAB" box="[501,601,496,522]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1966" valueMax="1967">1966-67</date>
, collectors: M. Steyaert &amp; M. Meisch, 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A053FE390B59FDAB" box="[1059,1145,496,522]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
I.G. 23694)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A4CDFDF80E6AFDCF" blockId="4.[189,1398,561,623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A4CDFDF80E2DFDEA" box="[189,269,561,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">EABN</collectionCode>
<date id="B010100BFFA2FFD3A567FDF80E5BFDEA" box="[279,379,561,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1966" valueMax="1967">1966-67</date>
, sta. 238, 
<date id="B010100BFFA2FFD3A58BFDF80DAFFDEA" box="[507,655,561,587]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1967-02-03">3 Feb. 1967</date>
, Breid Bay, Baie Léopold, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA2FFD3A7ADFDF80B60FDEA" box="[989,1088,561,587]" degrees="70" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-70.316666">70°19’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA2FFD3A03FFDF80B94FDEA" box="[1103,1204,561,587]" degrees="24" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="24.233334">24°14’E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA2FFD3A0B4FDF80A34FDED" box="[1220,1300,561,588]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
; bottom trawl: 
<specimenCount id="D2A8FD42FFA2FFD3A579FD9C0E6AFDCF" box="[265,330,596,623]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">1 juv.</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A49AFD5C0EE7FD11" blockId="4.[189,1399,661,759]" box="[234,455,661,688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA2FFD3A49AFD5C0EE7FD11" bold="true" box="[234,455,661,688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA2FFD3A49AFD5C0E49FD11" bold="true" box="[234,361,661,688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Polarstern</emphasis>
cruises
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A4CDFD700BB1FD57" blockId="4.[189,1399,661,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
(
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A4B5FD700E00FD72" box="[197,288,697,723]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
, 
<collectingRegion id="066AF829FFA2FFD3A55CFD700EB2FD72" box="[300,402,697,723]" country="Belgium" name="Region de Bruxelles-Capitale" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brussels</collectingRegion>
, ANT 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A590FD700D34FD72" box="[480,532,697,723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">XIII</collectionCode>
/3 (
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A648FD700DADFD72" box="[568,653,697,723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">EASIZ</collectionCode>
I), coll. C. De Broyer &amp; G. Chapelle, 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A020FD700B86FD72" box="[1104,1190,697,723]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
I.G. 28252; ANT 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A4CDFD150FD3FD57" box="[189,243,732,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">XIX</collectionCode>
/3 (
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A567FD150EACFD57" box="[279,396,732,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ANDEEP</collectionCode>
I), coll. C. De Broyer, P. Dauby &amp; F. Nyssen, 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A7DCFD150B22FD57" box="[940,1026,732,758]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
I.G. 31073)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A4CDFCD70C1AFCFA" blockId="4.[189,1398,798,860]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
ANT 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A579FCD70E1DFC99" box="[265,317,798,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">XIII</collectionCode>
/3 (
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A51AFCD70E9FFC99" box="[362,447,798,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">EASIZ</collectionCode>
I), sta. PS39/24 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA2FFD3A6D6FCD70DF8FC99" box="[678,728,798,824]" country="China" name="Museum of Zoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MG</collectionCode>
26; 
<date id="B010100BFFA2FFD3A77AFCD70C99FC99" box="[778,953,798,824]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1996-02-21">21 Feb. 1996</date>
; eastern Weddell Sea; 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA2FFD3A094FCD70A51FC99" box="[1252,1393,798,824]" degrees="71" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-71.134995">71°08’06”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA2FFD3A4CDFC880E74FCFD" box="[189,340,833,860]" degrees="11" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-11.531667">11°31’54”W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA2FFD3A510FC880E8DFCFA" box="[352,429,833,859]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="118.0">118 m</quantity>
; Multibox Corer: 
<specimenCount id="D2A8FD42FFA2FFD3A6F0FC880DF2FCFA" box="[640,722,833,859]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA2FFD3A6A9FC880C16FCFA" box="[729,822,833,860]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="90D16643FFA2FFD3A4CDF8190B87F84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860903" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860903" box="[189,1191,2000,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860903/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[189,232,2000,2026]" targetBox="[197,1398,955,1945]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA2FFD3A4CDF8190B87F84A" blockId="4.[189,1191,2000,2027]" box="[189,1191,2000,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA2FFD3A4CDF8190E2BF84A" bold="true" box="[189,267,2000,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFA2FFD3A562F8180D8FF84A" authority="Pfeffer, 1888" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1888" box="[274,687,2001,2027]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA2FFD3A562F8180D2AF84A" box="[274,522,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Leucothoe antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFA2FFD3A662F8180D8FF84A" author="Pfeffer G." box="[530,687,2001,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="75 - 142" refId="ref21884" refString="Pfeffer G. 1888. Die Krebse von Sudgeorgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. 2. Teil. Die Amphipoden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 75 - 142." type="journal article" year="1888">Pfeffer, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
: original illustration in 
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFA2FFD3A7B2F8180B77F84A" author="Pfeffer G." box="[962,1111,2001,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="75 - 142" refId="ref21884" refString="Pfeffer G. 1888. Die Krebse von Sudgeorgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. 2. Teil. Die Amphipoden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 75 - 142." type="journal article" year="1888">Pfeffer 1888</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFEC50D40FEEB" blockId="5.[189,1399,267,402]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
ANT 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA3FFD2A570FEC20E16FE84" box="[256,310,267,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">XIX</collectionCode>
/3 (
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA3FFD2A52AFEC20EEFFE84" box="[346,463,267,293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ANDEEP</collectionCode>
I), sta. PS 61/047-1; 
<date id="B010100BFFA3FFD2A6B8FEC20C41FE84" box="[712,865,267,294]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2002-01-30">30 Jan. 2002</date>
; off Elephant Island; 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A02CFEC20BF5FE84" box="[1116,1237,267,293]" degrees="61" direction="south" minutes="4.18" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="9" value="-61.069668">61°4.18’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A091FEC20A52FE87" box="[1249,1394,267,294]" degrees="54" direction="west" minutes="36.81" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="9" value="-54.6135">54°36.81’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA3FFD2A4CDFEE60E29FEEB" box="[189,265,303,330]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="189.0">189 m</quantity>
, bottom trawl: 
<specimenCount id="D2A8FD42FFA3FFD2A5CCFEE60D2EFEEB" box="[444,526,303,330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA3FFD2A665FEE60D7CFEEB" box="[533,604,303,330]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFE9A0B58FE30" blockId="5.[189,1399,267,402]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
ANT 
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA3FFD2A570FE9A0E16FECC" box="[256,310,339,365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">XIX</collectionCode>
/3 (
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA3FFD2A529FE9A0EEEFECC" box="[345,462,339,365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ANDEEP</collectionCode>
I), sta. PS61/067-1; 
<date id="B010100BFFA3FFD2A6CFFE9A0C6DFECC" box="[703,845,339,365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2002-02-04">4 Feb. 2002</date>
; off Elephant Island; 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A038FE9A0BF5FECF" box="[1096,1237,339,366]" degrees="60" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="53" value="-60.93139">60°55’53”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A091FE9A0A57FECF" box="[1249,1399,339,366]" degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-55.460556">55°27’38”W</geoCoordinate>
to 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A4ABFEBE0E48FE33" box="[219,360,375,402]" degrees="60" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-60.919167">60°55’09”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A505FEBE0D2DFE33" box="[373,525,375,402]" degrees="55" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-55.41389">55°24’50”W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA3FFD2A669FEBE0DBBFE33" box="[537,667,375,402]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4849999999999999" metricValueMax="1.8199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="148.5" valueMax="182.0" valueMin="115.0">115-182 m</quantity>
; bottom trawl: 
<specimenCount id="D2A8FD42FFA3FFD2A73EFEBE0C9DFE33" box="[846,957,375,402]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="female">1 spec. ♀</specimenCount>
ov. 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA3FFD2A79EFEBE0B12FE33" box="[1006,1074,375,402]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
slide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A49AFE700C1AFE72" blockId="5.[189,1398,440,612]" box="[234,826,440,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA3FFD2A49AFE700C1AFE72" bold="true" box="[234,826,440,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Polish Antarctic Expeditions (
<collectionCode id="A2BFAE0EFFA3FFD2A62EFE700DC4FE72" box="[606,740,441,467]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">LPBO-UL</collectionCode>
, 
<collectingRegion id="066AF829FFA3FFD2A681FE710C12FE72" box="[753,818,440,467]" country="Poland" name="Lodzkie" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Łódź</collectingRegion>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFE140C23FDBD" blockId="5.[189,1398,440,612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
9 
<superScript id="33DB9B83FFA3FFD2A4BCFE120FF9FE48" attach="left" box="[204,217,475,489]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">th</superScript>
Polish Ant. Exp, sta. OC 412; 
<date id="B010100BFFA3FFD2A62AFE140DD8FE59" box="[602,760,477,504]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1985-01-11">
11 
<date id="B010100BFFA3FFD2A6F1FE170DD8FE59" box="[641,760,477,504]" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1985">Jan. 1985</date>
</date>
; King George Island, Admiralty Bay, Ezcurra Inlet; 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A4CDFDC80E00FDBA" box="[189,288,513,539]" degrees="62" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-62.166668">62°10’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A55CFDC80EBAFDBD" box="[300,410,513,540]" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-58.533333">58°32’W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA3FFD2A5D6FDC80EC5FDBD" box="[422,485,513,540]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="90.0">90 m</quantity>
; Van Veen Grab: 
<specimenCount id="D2A8FD42FFA3FFD2A6C1FDC80C23FDBD" box="[689,771,513,540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFDEC0DB2FDC2" blockId="5.[189,1398,440,612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
9 
<superScript id="33DB9B83FFA3FFD2A4BCFDEA0FF9FD90" attach="left" box="[204,217,547,561]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">th</superScript>
Polish Ant. Exp, sta. OC 520; 
<date id="B010100BFFA3FFD2A636FDEC0DFBFDE1" box="[582,731,549,576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1985-11-03">
3 
<date id="B010100BFFA3FFD2A62DFDEF0DFBFDE1" box="[605,731,549,576]" month="11" monthName="Nov" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1985">Nov. 1985</date>
</date>
; King George Island, Admiralty Bay, section I; 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A17FFDEC0A51FD9E" box="[1295,1393,549,575]" degrees="62" direction="south" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-62.15">62°09’S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A4CDFD800E0BFDC5" box="[189,299,585,612]" degrees="58" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="925" value="-58.416668">58°25’W</geoCoordinate>
; 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA3FFD2A547FD800EA5FDC2" box="[311,389,585,612]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="335.0">335 m</quantity>
; Van Veen Grab: 
<specimenCount id="D2A8FD42FFA3FFD2A621FD800DB2FDC2" box="[593,658,585,611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">1 juv.</specimenCount>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A49AFD420D7EFD04" blockId="5.[189,1399,651,750]" box="[234,606,651,677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA3FFD2A49AFD420D7EFD04" bold="true" box="[234,606,651,677]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingRegion id="066AF829FFA3FFD2A49AFD420E70FD04" box="[234,336,651,677]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Victoria</collectingRegion>
Museum, Melbourne
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFD660CC6FD4C" blockId="5.[189,1399,651,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
? 
<accessionNumber id="DBFDAB28FFA3FFD2A4A8FD790E1BFD68" box="[216,315,687,714]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/J38267" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="EnaNcbi">J 38267</accessionNumber>
[
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFA3FFD2A523FD660D3EFD68" authority="Australis" authorityName="Australis" box="[339,542,687,713]" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Aurora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA3FFD2A523FD660D3EFD68" box="[339,542,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aurora Australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
AA93 142], off Mac Robertson Land, north of Fram Bank; 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A158FD660E24FD4F" degrees="66" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-66.81278">66°48’ 46”S-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A574FD1A0EAFFD4F" box="[260,399,723,750]" degrees="66" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="52" value="-66.814445">66°48’52”S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A5EBFD1A0D13FD4F" box="[411,563,723,750]" degrees="70" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="59" value="70.41639">70°24’59”E-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFA3FFD2A643FD1A0DE1FD4F" box="[563,705,723,750]" degrees="70" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="15" seconds="32" value="70.42555">70°25’32”E</geoCoordinate>
; depth:?: 
<specimenCount id="D2A8FD42FFA3FFD2A732FD1A0CB3FD4C" box="[834,915,723,749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA3FFD2A7EAFD1A0CC1FD4C" box="[922,993,723,749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8CB46540FFA3FFDEA4CDFCDC0D07FA87" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFCDC0E4BFC8E" blockId="5.[189,363,789,815]" box="[189,363,789,815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA3FFD2A4CDFCDC0E4BFC8E" bold="true" box="[189,363,789,815]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Redescription</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A49AFC8C0E64FCFE" blockId="5.[189,505,837,899]" box="[234,324,837,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA3FFD2A49AFC8C0E64FCFE" bold="true" box="[234,324,837,863]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Length</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFCA10ED9FC22" blockId="5.[189,505,837,899]" box="[189,505,872,899]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA3FFD2A4CDFCA10E39FC22" box="[189,281,872,899]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="4.0">4-9 mm</quantity>
[Pfeffer: “ 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFA3FFD2A5E7FCA10EC3FC22" box="[407,483,872,899]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
”].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A49AFC620E0DFC64" blockId="5.[189,1398,939,1037]" box="[234,301,939,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA3FFD2A49AFC620E0DFC64" bold="true" box="[234,301,939,965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Head</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFC070ED8FBAD" blockId="5.[189,1398,939,1037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Anterior margin rounded, anterodistal margin rectangular with rounded corner. Mid-cephalic keel not prominent. Rostrum small.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFBFC0EB2FBEF" blockId="5.[189,402,1076,1103]" box="[189,402,1076,1103]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Eyes large, round.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFBBE0D3CFB78" blockId="5.[189,1398,1142,1241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Antenna 1 a quarter of body length, flagellum 10-12-articulate, peduncle art. 1 width proximally less than twice article 2, disto-inferiorly without acute tooth, length art. 1 subequal art. 2, art. 3 about 1/4 of art. 2, acc. flagellum not seen.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFAC90C4CFABA" blockId="5.[189,876,1280,1307]" box="[189,876,1280,1307]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peduncle art. 3 + flagellum shorter than peduncle arts 1+2.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFA8A0B97FAFC" blockId="5.[189,1207,1346,1373]" box="[189,1207,1346,1373]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Antenna 2 subequal in length to antenna 1, peduncle art. 4&gt; art. 5, flagellum 7-10 arts.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDFA4C0B7FFA46" blockId="5.[189,1398,1413,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mouthparts: Mandibles lacking molars, incisor and lacinia mobilis dentate; palp 3-articulate, art. 2 with 12 long lateral setae, art. 3 with 2 distal setae, 0.35 of art. 2. Maxilliped IP small, ventrally fused, OP reaching about 1/5 of inner margin of palp art. 1; palp articles similar in length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A49AF9C60E71F988" blockId="5.[189,1398,1551,1649]" box="[234,337,1551,1577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA3FFD2A49AF9C60E71F988" bold="true" box="[234,337,1551,1577]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peraeon</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDF9FA0C64F9D0" blockId="5.[189,1398,1551,1649]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cx 1 smooth, length&gt; width; anterior margin smooth, facial setae absent, inferior margin smooth [Pfeffer: “anterodistally rounded corner of about 70°”].</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDF9500CCEF8BF" blockId="5.[189,1399,1689,1823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gn 1 basis scarcely inflated, posterior margin with groups of short setae; ischium smooth; carpus basis more than half as long as propodus, distal part linear and extremely narrow, about 8 x longer than wide; propodus straight, about 4-5 x as long as wide [Pfeffer: “about 4 times”], palm minutely dentate with 8 short setae; dactylus smooth, reaching about 1/3-1/4 propodus length.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFD2A4CDF88E0A16F824" blockId="5.[189,1399,1863,1925]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cx 2 subquadrangular, about as long as wide, much wider than Cx 3, distally smooth; anterior margin straight, anterodistal corner rectangular, inferior and posterior margin straight, facial setae absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA3FFDEA4CDF8640BA6FECD" blockId="5.[189,1398,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1398,267,365]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Gn 2 basis not inflated, on both margins up to 6 short or long setae; carpus nearly reaching half propodus length, curved, distally like a finger-tip rounded, densely setose; propodus anterodistally with short, blunt prolongation and a bundle of setae, posterior margin with many low humps, palm convex, proximally near dactylus-end no corner; facial setae medially and submedially present; dactylus curved, both margins smooth, bare, reaching somewhat more than half of propodus length.</paragraph>
<caption id="90D16643FFA0FFD1A4CDF8430EFBF84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860905" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860905" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860905/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[224,1362,265,1890]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA0FFD1A4CDF8430EFBF84A" blockId="6.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA0FFD1A4CDF8430E2DF805" bold="true" box="[189,269,1930,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFA0FFD1A566F8430D98F805" authority="Pfeffer, 1888" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1888" box="[278,696,1930,1956]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA0FFD1A566F8430D32F805" box="[278,530,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Leucothoe antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFA0FFD1A66BF8430D98F805" author="Pfeffer G." box="[539,696,1930,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="75 - 142" refId="ref21884" refString="Pfeffer G. 1888. Die Krebse von Sudgeorgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. 2. Teil. Die Amphipoden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 75 - 142." type="journal article" year="1888">Pfeffer, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, neotype ♀ 5 mm. Hd = head; A 1, 2 = antennae; Mx 1 = first maxilla; Mx 1’ = palp of first maxilla enlarged; Mx 2 = second maxilla; Md = mandible-body; Md’ = palp of mandible.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="90D16643FFA1FFD0A4CDF8430D45F84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860907" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860907" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860907/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[236,1374,279,1889]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFA1FFD0A4CDF8430D45F84A" blockId="7.[189,1398,1930,2027]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA1FFD0A4CDF8430E2BF805" bold="true" box="[189,267,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFA1FFD0A562F8430D8FF805" authority="Pfeffer, 1888" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1888" box="[274,687,1930,1956]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFA1FFD0A562F8430D2CF805" box="[274,524,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Leucothoe antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFA1FFD0A663F8430D8FF805" author="Pfeffer G." box="[531,687,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="75 - 142" refId="ref21884" refString="Pfeffer G. 1888. Die Krebse von Sudgeorgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. 2. Teil. Die Amphipoden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 75 - 142." type="journal article" year="1888">Pfeffer, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, neotype ♀ 5 mm. Gn 1 = first gnathopod; Gn 1’ = dactylus, propodus and carpus of first gnathopod enlarged; Gn 2 = second gnathopod female; Gn 2’ = second gnathopod male; Mxp = maxilliped.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="90D16643FFAEFFDFA4CDF8430CC7F84A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3860909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860909/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[189,232,1930,1956]" targetBox="[244,1343,265,1890]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAEFFDFA4CDF8430CC7F84A" blockId="8.[189,1399,1930,2027]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAEFFDFA4CDF8430E2DF805" bold="true" box="[189,269,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFAEFFDFA568F8430D9CF805" authority="Pfeffer, 1888" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1888" box="[280,700,1930,1956]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAEFFDFA568F8430D33F805" box="[280,531,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leucothoe antarctica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFAEFFDFA66EF8430D9CF805" author="Pfeffer G." box="[542,700,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="75 - 142" refId="ref21884" refString="Pfeffer G. 1888. Die Krebse von Sudgeorgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. 2. Teil. Die Amphipoden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 75 - 142." type="journal article" year="1888">Pfeffer, 1888</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, neotype ♀ 5mm. P 3-7 = peraeopod 3-7; P 7’ = basis of peraeopod 7 enlarged; Ep 1-3 = epimeral plates 1-3; U 1-3 = uropod 1-3; U 1’, U 2’ = uropods 1, 2 enlarged; T = telson, T’ = telson reduced; T’’ = tip of telson enlarged.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFE550A57FE17" blockId="9.[189,1399,412,439]" box="[189,1399,412,439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cx 3 length&gt; width, anterior and posterior margin straight, distally rounded, smooth, facial setae absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFE2F0B83FD82" blockId="9.[189,1399,485,548]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cx 4 length subequal to width or longer than wide, smooth, bare, anterior margin straight, distal margin rounded, posterior margin shorter than anterior one, not excavate, facial setae absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFD9A0DFBFD31" blockId="9.[189,1398,594,657]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P 3, 4 basis very narrow, a bit wider than merus; dactylus reaching nearly half length of propodus, posterior margins with some short thin spines.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFD090ED2FD78" blockId="9.[189,498,703,730]" box="[189,498,703,730]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cx 5-7 facial setae absent.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFCC00C8EFCCB" blockId="9.[189,1399,777,875]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P 5-7 similar, bases l:w ratio about 1.5 (P 5) to 1.2 (P 7), anterior margins with very slight serrations and small weak spines, posterior margins in P 5, 6 smooth or serrated, in P 7 strongly serrate [not mentioned in Pfeffer]. Merus in P 5-7 with posterodistal corner lengthened.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA49AFC530E10FC15" blockId="9.[189,1398,922,1063]" box="[234,304,922,948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAFFFDEA49AFC530E10FC15" bold="true" box="[234,304,922,948]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pleon</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFC0C0C74FB87" blockId="9.[189,1398,922,1063]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ep 2 with spines on distal margin, Ep 1, 3 distally bare, but some small setae on posterodistal corner of Ep 3. Ep 1 distally rounded, Ep 2 posteroventral corner not acutely upturned, but produced with rounded corner, Ep 3 posteroventral corner blunt and rectangular.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFB9C0A57FBCE" blockId="9.[189,1399,1109,1136]" box="[189,1399,1109,1136]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Uropods: U 2 the shortest, with very unequal rami (ratio nearly 1:2), the shorter one shorter than peduncle.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFB560E8EFB7C" blockId="9.[189,1399,1183,1245]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Telson ratio length:width = 3, tip tridentate because of two indentations near distal end, with a short seta inserted in each one.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFAC50D07FA87" blockId="9.[189,551,1292,1318]" box="[189,551,1292,1318]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">No sexual dimorphism known.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8CB46540FFAFFFDEA4CDFA9C0E16F987" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFA9C0E76FACE" blockId="9.[189,342,1365,1391]" box="[189,342,1365,1391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAFFFDEA4CDFA9C0E76FACE" bold="true" box="[189,342,1365,1391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFA450A57FA06" blockId="9.[189,1399,1420,1447]" box="[189,1399,1420,1447]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Circum-Antarctic, from 54° to 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFAFFFDEA653FA450D7FFA07" box="[547,607,1420,1446]" degrees="71" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55555" value="-71.0">71°S</geoCoordinate>
, from 11° to 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFAFFFDEA682FA450C16FA06" box="[754,822,1420,1447]" degrees="58" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55555" value="-58.0">58°W</geoCoordinate>
and from 24 to 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFAFFFDEA79AFA450B05FA07" box="[1002,1061,1420,1446]" degrees="70" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55555" value="70.0">70°E</geoCoordinate>
(
<typeStatus id="1B158869FFAFFFDEA042FA450B46FA07" box="[1074,1126,1420,1446]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
material: 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFAFFFDEA0AAFA450A36FA06" box="[1242,1302,1420,1447]" degrees="54" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55555" value="-54.0">54°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFAFFFDEA151FA450A4AFA06" box="[1313,1386,1420,1447]" degrees="36" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" precision="55555" value="-36.0">36°W</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDFA1C0E79FA4E" blockId="9.[189,345,1493,1519]" box="[189,345,1493,1519]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAFFFDEA4CDFA1C0E79FA4E" bold="true" box="[189,345,1493,1519]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Depth range</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDF9C50E16F987" blockId="9.[189,310,1548,1575]" box="[189,310,1548,1575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<quantity id="03569B2EFFAFFFDEA4CDF9C50E11F987" box="[189,305,1548,1575]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.795" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="0.24" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="179.5" valueMax="335.0" valueMin="24.0">
24- 
<specimenCount id="D2A8FD42FFAFFFDEA493F9C50E11F987" box="[227,305,1548,1575]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="generic">335 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8CB46540FFAFFFDDA4CDF99C0B1AFE52" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDF99C0E0FF9CE" blockId="9.[189,303,1621,1647]" box="[189,303,1621,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAFFFDEA4CDF99C0E0FF9CE" bold="true" box="[189,303,1621,1647]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDF9450BF7F94C" blockId="9.[189,1398,1676,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFAFFFDEA4CDF9450E46F907" author="Pfeffer G." box="[189,358,1676,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="75 - 142" refId="ref21884" refString="Pfeffer G. 1888. Die Krebse von Sudgeorgien nach der Ausbeute der Deutschen Station 1882 - 83. 2. Teil. Die Amphipoden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 5: 75 - 142." type="journal article" year="1888">Pfeffer (1888)</bibRefCitation>
compared his new species only with the Atlantic species 
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFAFFFDEA06AF9450E24F968" authority="(Leach, 1814)" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1814" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="articulosa">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAFFFDEA06AF9450A35F907" box="[1050,1301,1676,1702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leucothoe articulosa</emphasis>
(Leach, 1814)
</taxonomicName>
, insufficiently described and actually kept it – with question marks – as a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFAFFFDEA0ACF9790E81F94C" authority="(Abildbaard, 1789)" baseAuthorityName="Abildbaard" baseAuthorityYear="1789" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinicarpa">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAFFFDEA0ACF9790A56F968" box="[1244,1398,1712,1737]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">L. spinicarpa</emphasis>
(Abildbaard, 1789)
</taxonomicName>
; there is, however, no doubt that it belongs to the “ 
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFAFFFDEA787F91D0B54F94C" baseAuthorityName="Abildbaard" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1015,1140,1748,1773]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinicarpa">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAFFFDEA787F91D0B54F94C" box="[1015,1140,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">spinicarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDEA4CDF8D50ECFF8DF" blockId="9.[189,1399,1820,1918]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The original description and illustration of the single 
<typeStatus id="1B158869FFAFFFDEA745F8D40C48F896" box="[821,872,1821,1847]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
are not very helpful (see 
<figureCitation id="5C952A4EFFAFFFDEA0E7F8D50BFBF896" box="[1175,1243,1820,1847]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[189,232,2000,2026]" captionTargetBox="[197,1398,955,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[189,1398,946,1958]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 1. Leucothoe antarctica Pfeffer, 1888: original illustration in Pfeffer 1888, fig. 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3860903" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3860903/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), but at least the semicircular posterior margin of P 7 and the scarcely upturned rounded posterodistal corner in Ep 2 are visible in the drawing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFAFFFDDA4CDF8640DE2FECD" blockId="9.[189,1399,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="10.[189,1398,267,364]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<bibRefCitation id="A03F4B3AFFAFFFDEA4CDF8640D7CF866" author="Holman H. &amp; Watling L." box="[189,604,1965,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="215 - 262" refId="ref21631" refString="Holman H. &amp; Watling L. 1983. Amphipoda from the Southern Ocean: families Colomastigidae, Dexaminidae, Leucothoidae, Liljeborgiidae, and Sebidae. Biology of the Antarctic Seas. 13. Antarctic Research Series 38 (4): 215 - 262." type="journal article" year="1983">
Holman &amp; Watling (
<date id="B010100BFFAFFFDEA5DDF8640ECDF866" box="[429,493,1965,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1983">1983</date>
: 228-229
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 11d-e) discussed a so-called “ 
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFAFFFDEA783F8640BD2F866" baseAuthorityName="Abildbaard" baseAuthorityYear="1789" box="[1011,1266,1965,1991]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinicarpa">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFAFFFDEA783F8640BD2F866" box="[1011,1266,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Leucothoe spinicarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
variant 3”; on p. 229 they wrote: “Cx 3 with smoothly rounded ventral margin, Cx 4 not excavate posteriorly. Gn 1 dactyl 1/5 length and approximately equal to width of propodus, latter 6 times as long as wide (here 5x). P 7 basis broadly expanded, Ep 3 with quadrate posterodistal corner. Distribution: tip of Antarctic Peninsula, 
<quantity id="03569B2EFFACFFDDA54EFE9B0E9EFECD" box="[318,446,338,364]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="215.0" valueMax="220.0" valueMin="210.0">210-220 m</quantity>
[about 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFACFFDDA667FE9B0D72FECD" box="[535,594,338,364]" degrees="63" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="55555" value="-63.0">63°S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A19A500CFFACFFDDA62FFE980D8BFECD" box="[607,683,337,364]" degrees="58" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="55555" value="-58.0">58°W</geoCoordinate>
].”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C41136CBFFACFFDDA4CDFE5D0B1AFE52" blockId="10.[189,1399,403,499]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
By the combination of the key character states – P 7 basis broadly rounded, Gn 1 dactylus reaching about 1/4 of propodus, Cx 3 distally smooth, Ep 2 posterodistal corner only a little produced and rounded – 
<taxonomicName id="03AE4D48FFACFFDDA4CDFE130E74FE52" authorityName="Pfeffer" authorityYear="1888" box="[189,340,474,499]" class="Malacostraca" family="Leucothoidae" genus="Leucothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<emphasis id="F6DAEAD9FFACFFDDA4CDFE130E74FE52" box="[189,340,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">L. antarctica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clearly differs from all other members of the spinicarpa-group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>