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<document id="E80B92769CB6EED28E99E1856AF5110D" ID-CLB-Dataset="298642" ID-DOI="10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-4-712-723" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d14e039-7ef9-4095-9397-e40671140cf4" ID-ISSN="add_ISSN_here" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11362243" ID-ZooBank="7EDFB492-33F5-4F6F-BB32-FEC4BB86098F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1716858179615" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Ataev, Gennady L." docDate="2023" docId="03E087B9682BFFC227F7FAF48F286CE7" docLanguage="en" docName="AmurianZoolJ.XV.4.712-723.pdf" docOrigin="Amurian Zoological Journal XV (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-4-712-723" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FCE553B9173680C72BD6FA2C2AEC2C2C.2:AmurianZoolJ.2019-.journal_article.russian" docStyleId="FCE553B9173680C72BD6FA2C2AEC2C2C" docStyleName="AmurianZoolJ.2019-.journal_article.russian" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Biomphalaria pfeifferi" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="716" masterDocId="FFD9FFC16829FFC6247FFFBA8A5F6D7B" masterDocTitle="ЭкспериментаΛьное изучение вΛияния метацеркарий Echinostoma caproni на выживаемость моΛΛюсков Biomphalaria pfeifferi" masterLastPageNumber="723" masterPageNumber="712" pageNumber="714" updateTime="1718739848650" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="BA4FAFAF4C7A55B4B32D1BA68D0370DE">ЭкспериментаΛьное изучение вΛияния метацеркарий Echinostoma caproni на выживаемость моΛΛюсков Biomphalaria pfeifferi</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03E087B9682BFFC227F7FAF48F286CE7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12110258" ID-GBIF-Taxon="233223865" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12110258" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087B9682BFFC227F7FAF48F286CE7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087B9682BFFC227F7FAF48F286CE7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="716" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">
<subSubSection id="C3536524682BFFC427F7FAF48F7E68EA" pageId="2" pageNumber="714" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF636AF682BFFC427F7FAF48F7E68EA" blockId="2.[879,1313,1358,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">
<heading id="D0BE81C3682BFFC427F7FAF48F7E68EA" centered="true" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="714" reason="9">
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682BFFC427F7FAF48F7E68EA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">
Mortality of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2C682BFFC42046FAF58E916810" ID-CoL="LV3X" authority="(Krauss, 1848)" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[1081,1230,1358,1387]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Biomphalaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="714" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">B. pfeifferi</taxonomicName>
due to metacercariae autoinfection
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3536524682BFFC2273FFA118F286CE7" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="716" pageId="2" pageNumber="714" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF636AF682BFFC4273FFA1189B36BA2" blockId="2.[794,1399,1451,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">
The first deaths of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2C682BFFC42038FA168E8C68BC" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[1095,1235,1451,1480]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Biomphalaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="714" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682BFFC42038FA168E8C68BC" box="[1095,1235,1451,1480]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">B. pfeifferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
snails from Group 1 were registered 3 weeks
<collectionCode id="ED58AE6A682BFFC42092FA698F526894" box="[1261,1293,1491,1519]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">PI</collectionCode>
. This is when the release of cercariae first began. More than half of the snails died a month
<collectionCode id="ED58AE6A682BFFC42090F99B8F536B46" box="[1263,1292,1569,1597]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">PI</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id="13722A2A682BFFC42164F99A8F386B46" box="[1307,1383,1568,1597]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[163,210,1814,1843]" captionTargetBox="[191,1359,1168,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-429@4.[191,1359,1168,1805]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Dynamics of mortality of Biomphalaria pfeifferi molluscs. Group 1* — red line / 38 days PI; Group 2* — green line / 56 days PI; Group 3* — blue line / 60 days PI; Group 4 — lilac line (magenta) / 58 days PI Рис. 2. Àинамика смертности моΛΛюсков Biomphalaria pfeifferi. Серия 1* — красная Λиния /38 Δней P. I.; Серия 2* — зеΛёная Λиния / 56 Δней P. I.; Серия 3* — гоΛубая Λиния / 60 Δней P. I.; Серия 4 — ΛиΛовая Λиния (magenta) / 58 Δней P. I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11362249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11362249/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The last snail from Group 1 died 38 days
<collectionCode id="ED58AE6A682BFFC4212DF9F28F2D6B1F" box="[1362,1394,1608,1636]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">PI</collectionCode>
. By contrast, only 3 uninfected snails (6%) from the control group (Group 5) died during the experiment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636AF682BFFC4273FF95E89FA6A90" blockId="2.[794,1399,1451,2027]" pageId="2" pageNumber="714">As we mentioned earlier, the density of cercariae in the aquaria of Groups 2 and 4 was lowered artificially by either frequent filtration of water (Group 2) or by using uninfected snails (Group 4) as a biological cercarial filter in the aquarium with infected snails (Group 3).</paragraph>
<caption id="DF366627682AFFC524DFF9F48E3B6AB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11362245" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11362245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11362245/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="715" startId="3.[160,207,1614,1643]" targetBox="[151,1398,151,1987]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BF636AF682AFFC524DFF9F48B846A7B" blockId="3.[160,1392,1614,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC524DFF9F48AA26B10" bold="true" box="[160,253,1614,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Stages of development of an
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2C682AFFC526D2F9F489946B10" authorityName="Richard" authorityYear="1964" box="[685,971,1614,1643]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="715" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caproni">
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC526D2F9F489946B10" box="[685,971,1614,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">Echinostoma caproni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trematode (
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC52002F9F48EE36B11" box="[1149,1212,1614,1642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">AD</emphasis>
):
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC520A2F9F48EAC6B11" box="[1245,1267,1614,1642]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">A</emphasis>
— SEM microphotograph of a mother redia;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC52605F9CE88D26BEB" box="[634,653,1652,1680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">B</emphasis>
— histological section of a cercaria embryo in a daughter redia;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC5248AF9238B556BCE" box="[245,266,1689,1717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">C</emphasis>
— SEM micrograph of a cercaria with a discarded tail;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC5207DF9208E466BCD" box="[1026,1049,1690,1718]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">D</emphasis>
— SEM micrograph of a metacercaria. Legend:
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC525AEF9048BAD6BA0" box="[465,498,1726,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">bp</emphasis>
— birth pore,
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC526C4F90488936BA0" box="[699,716,1726,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">h</emphasis>
— hemocytes,
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC527E2F90589E86BA0" box="[925,951,1727,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">m</emphasis>
— mouth,
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC5202EF9058E336BA0" box="[1105,1132,1727,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">os</emphasis>
— oral sucker,
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC52141F9058F176BA0" box="[1342,1352,1727,1755]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">t</emphasis>
— tail,
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC524A6F95E8AAC6A7B" box="[217,243,1764,1792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">vs</emphasis>
— ventral sucker
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636AF682AFFC524DFF8AB8E3B6AB9" blockId="3.[160,1392,1614,1987]" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC524DFF8AB8AAA6A56" bold="true" box="[160,245,1808,1837]" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">Рис. 1.</emphasis>
СтаΔии развития трематоΔ
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2C682AFFC5260BF8AA89DC6A56" authorityName="Richard" authorityYear="1964" box="[628,899,1808,1837]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="715" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caproni">
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC5260BF8AA89DC6A56" box="[628,899,1808,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">Echinostoma caproni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC527EDF8AB898F6A56" box="[914,976,1809,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">AD</emphasis>
):
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC52799F8AB89A36A56" box="[998,1020,1809,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">A</emphasis>
— SEM-микрофотография материнской реΔии;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC525C6F88D8B936A28" box="[441,460,1847,1875]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">B</emphasis>
— гистоΛогический срез эмбриона церкарии в Δочерней реΔии;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC52148F88C8F136A29" box="[1335,1356,1846,1874]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">C</emphasis>
— SEM-микрофотография церкарии с отброшенным хвостом;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC5279FF8E689A86A03" box="[992,1015,1884,1912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">D</emphasis>
— SEM-микрофотография метацеркарии. УсΛовные обозначения:
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC526C5F83A88846AE6" box="[698,731,1920,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">bp</emphasis>
— роΔиΛьная пора;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC52793F83A89A26AE6" box="[1004,1021,1920,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">h</emphasis>
— гемоциты;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC520C4F83B8E8A6AE6" box="[1211,1237,1921,1949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">m</emphasis>
— ротовое отверстие;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC52544F81D8B096AB8" box="[315,342,1959,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">os</emphasis>
— ротовая присоска;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC526F9F81D88CF6AB8" box="[646,656,1959,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">t</emphasis>
— хвост;
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682AFFC52767F81D896D6AB8" box="[792,818,1959,1987]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="715">vs</emphasis>
— брюшная присоска
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF636AF682DFFC224C2FF238BE96F8D" blockId="4.[151,756,153,1142]" pageId="4" pageNumber="716">
This artificial decrease of cercarial density led to the extension of the lifespan of infected snails (Group 2 — up to 56 days, Group 3 — up to 60 days). The experiment also confirmed the pathogenicity of metacercariae since snails from Group 4 died within 58 days. Therefore, the results of the experiments on Groups 2, 3, and 4 indicate that the mortality of snails is attributed to metacercarial infection. The analysis of the survivorship curves of different experimental groups confirms this assumption (
<figureCitation id="13722A2A682DFFC22506FD858B9A6F27" box="[377,453,575,604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[163,210,1814,1843]" captionTargetBox="[191,1359,1168,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-429@4.[191,1359,1168,1805]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. Dynamics of mortality of Biomphalaria pfeifferi molluscs. Group 1* — red line / 38 days PI; Group 2* — green line / 56 days PI; Group 3* — blue line / 60 days PI; Group 4 — lilac line (magenta) / 58 days PI Рис. 2. Àинамика смертности моΛΛюсков Biomphalaria pfeifferi. Серия 1* — красная Λиния /38 Δней P. I.; Серия 2* — зеΛёная Λиния / 56 Δней P. I.; Серия 3* — гоΛубая Λиния / 60 Δней P. I.; Серия 4 — ΛиΛовая Λиния (magenta) / 58 Δней P. I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11362249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11362249/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="716">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The graph shows that snails from Group 1 started dying sooner and faster than snails from the other groups. At the same time, survivorship curves for Groups 24 look very similar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636AF682DFFC224C2FD458ED56DA7" blockId="4.[151,756,153,1142]" lastBlockId="4.[794,1399,153,412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="716">
These findings are also confirmed by statistical analysis. According to the Friedman test, the conditions of the experiment significantly affect the mortality dynamics of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2C682DFFC224E8FC208B7B6ECE" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[151,292,921,950]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Biomphalaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="716" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682DFFC224E8FC208B7B6ECE" box="[151,292,921,950]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="716">B. pfeifferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
snails. A pairwise comparison of death times between Groups 14 (Wilcoxon test, including the Bonferroni correction) shows that the findings on Group 1 are different from the findings on Groups 2, 3, and 4 (p &lt;0.001). At the same time, survivorship curves for Groups 2, 3 and 4 are statistically indistinguishable (p&gt; 0.05).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF636AF682DFFC2273FFF5C8F286CE7" blockId="4.[794,1399,153,412]" pageId="4" pageNumber="716">
Thus, the analysis of survivorship curves of
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2C682DFFC22765FEB789C56C53" baseAuthorityName="Krauss" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[794,922,268,297]" class="Gastropoda" family="Planorbidae" genus="Biomphalaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="716" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pfeifferi">
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682DFFC22765FEB789C56C53" box="[794,922,268,297]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="716">B. pfeifferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
snails from different groups confirmed our assumption that
<taxonomicName id="4C494D2C682DFFC220E8FE898F416C34" authorityName="Richard" authorityYear="1964" box="[1175,1310,307,335]" class="Trematoda" family="Echinostomatidae" genus="Echinostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="4" pageNumber="716" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caproni">
<emphasis id="B93DEABD682DFFC220E8FE898F416C34" box="[1175,1310,307,335]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="716">E. caproni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
metacercariae are pathogenic to snails regardless of whether they were initially exposed to rediae or not.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>