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<document id= "E80B92769CB6EED28E99E1856AF5110D" ID-CLB-Dataset= "298642" ID-DOI= "10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-4-712-723" ID-GBIF-Dataset= "8d14e039-7ef9-4095-9397-e40671140cf4" ID-ISSN= "add_ISSN_here" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "11362243" ID-ZooBank= "7EDFB492-33F5-4F6F-BB32-FEC4BB86098F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy= "felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy= "guilherme" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy= "guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy= "guilherme" checkinTime= "1716858179615" checkinUser= "felipe" docAuthor= "Ataev, Gennady L." docDate= "2023" docId= "03E087B9682BFFC227F7FAF48F286CE7" docLanguage= "en" docName= "AmurianZoolJ.XV.4.712-723.pdf" docOrigin= "Amurian Zoological Journal XV (4)" docSource= "http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2023-15-4-712-723" docStyle= "DocumentStyle:FCE553B9173680C72BD6FA2C2AEC2C2C.2:AmurianZoolJ.2019-.journal_article.russian" docStyleId= "FCE553B9173680C72BD6FA2C2AEC2C2C" docStyleName= "AmurianZoolJ.2019-.journal_article.russian" docStyleVersion= "2" docTitle= "Biomphalaria pfeifferi" docType= "treatment" docVersion= "6" lastPageNumber= "716" masterDocId= "FFD9FFC16829FFC6247FFFBA8A5F6D7B" masterDocTitle= "ЭкспериментаΛьное изучение вΛияния метацеркарий Echinostoma caproni на выживаемость моΛΛюсков Biomphalaria pfeifferi" masterLastPageNumber= "723" masterPageNumber= "712" pageNumber= "714" updateTime= "1718739848650" updateUser= "ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document= "CC-BY-NC-4.0" >
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<mods:title id= "BA4FAFAF4C7A55B4B32D1BA68D0370DE" > ЭкспериментаΛьное изучение вΛияния метацеркарий Echinostoma caproni на выживаемость моΛΛюсков Biomphalaria pfeifferi</mods:title>
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<treatment id= "03E087B9682BFFC227F7FAF48F286CE7" ID-DOI= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12110258" ID-GBIF-Taxon= "233223865" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "12110258" LSID= "urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E087B9682BFFC227F7FAF48F286CE7" httpUri= "http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E087B9682BFFC227F7FAF48F286CE7" lastPageId= "4" lastPageNumber= "716" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" >
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<subSubSection id= "C3536524682BFFC427F7FAF48F7E68EA" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" type= "nomenclature" >
<paragraph id= "8BF636AF682BFFC427F7FAF48F7E68EA" blockId= "2.[879,1313,1358,1425]" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" >
<heading id= "D0BE81C3682BFFC427F7FAF48F7E68EA" centered= "true" fontSize= "12" level= "2" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" reason= "9" >
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682BFFC427F7FAF48F7E68EA" bold= "true" italics= "true" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" >
Mortality of
<taxonomicName id= "4C494D2C682BFFC42046FAF58E916810" ID-CoL= "LV3X" authority= "(Krauss, 1848)" baseAuthorityName= "Krauss" baseAuthorityYear= "1848" box= "[1081,1230,1358,1387]" class= "Gastropoda" family= "Planorbidae" genus= "Biomphalaria" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Littorinimorpha" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" phylum= "Mollusca" rank= "species" species= "pfeifferi" > B. pfeifferi</taxonomicName>
due to metacercariae autoinfection
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id= "C3536524682BFFC2273FFA118F286CE7" lastPageId= "4" lastPageNumber= "716" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" type= "description" >
<paragraph id= "8BF636AF682BFFC4273FFA1189B36BA2" blockId= "2.[794,1399,1451,2027]" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" >
The first deaths of
<taxonomicName id= "4C494D2C682BFFC42038FA168E8C68BC" baseAuthorityName= "Krauss" baseAuthorityYear= "1848" box= "[1095,1235,1451,1480]" class= "Gastropoda" family= "Planorbidae" genus= "Biomphalaria" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Littorinimorpha" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" phylum= "Mollusca" rank= "species" species= "pfeifferi" >
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682BFFC42038FA168E8C68BC" box= "[1095,1235,1451,1480]" italics= "true" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" > B. pfeifferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
snails from Group 1 were registered 3 weeks
<collectionCode id= "ED58AE6A682BFFC42092FA698F526894" box= "[1261,1293,1491,1519]" country= "Russia" name= "Paleontological Institute" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" > PI</collectionCode>
. This is when the release of cercariae first began. More than half of the snails died a month
<collectionCode id= "ED58AE6A682BFFC42090F99B8F536B46" box= "[1263,1292,1569,1597]" country= "Russia" name= "Paleontological Institute" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" > PI</collectionCode>
(
<figureCitation id= "13722A2A682BFFC42164F99A8F386B46" box= "[1307,1383,1568,1597]" captionStart= "Fig" captionStartId= "4.[163,210,1814,1843]" captionTargetBox= "[191,1359,1168,1798]" captionTargetId= "figure-429@4.[191,1359,1168,1805]" captionTargetPageId= "4" captionText= "Fig. 2. Dynamics of mortality of Biomphalaria pfeifferi molluscs. Group 1* — red line / 38 days PI; Group 2* — green line / 56 days PI; Group 3* — blue line / 60 days PI; Group 4 — lilac line (magenta) / 58 days PI Рис. 2. Àинамика смертности моΛΛюсков Biomphalaria pfeifferi. Серия 1* — красная Λиния /38 Δней P. I.; Серия 2* — зеΛёная Λиния / 56 Δней P. I.; Серия 3* — гоΛубая Λиния / 60 Δней P. I.; Серия 4 — ΛиΛовая Λиния (magenta) / 58 Δней P. I." figureDoi= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11362249" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/11362249/files/figure.png" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" > Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The last snail from Group 1 died 38 days
<collectionCode id= "ED58AE6A682BFFC4212DF9F28F2D6B1F" box= "[1362,1394,1608,1636]" country= "Russia" name= "Paleontological Institute" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" > PI</collectionCode>
. By contrast, only 3 uninfected snails (6%) from the control group (Group 5) died during the experiment.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BF636AF682BFFC4273FF95E89FA6A90" blockId= "2.[794,1399,1451,2027]" pageId= "2" pageNumber= "714" > As we mentioned earlier, the density of cercariae in the aquaria of Groups 2 and 4 was lowered artificially by either frequent filtration of water (Group 2) or by using uninfected snails (Group 4) as a biological cercarial filter in the aquarium with infected snails (Group 3).</paragraph>
<caption id= "DF366627682AFFC524DFF9F48E3B6AB9" ID-DOI= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11362245" ID-Zenodo-Dep= "11362245" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/11362245/files/figure.png" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" startId= "3.[160,207,1614,1643]" targetBox= "[151,1398,151,1987]" targetPageId= "3" targetType= "figure" >
<paragraph id= "8BF636AF682AFFC524DFF9F48B846A7B" blockId= "3.[160,1392,1614,1987]" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" >
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC524DFF9F48AA26B10" bold= "true" box= "[160,253,1614,1643]" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > Fig. 1.</emphasis>
Stages of development of an
<taxonomicName id= "4C494D2C682AFFC526D2F9F489946B10" authorityName= "Richard" authorityYear= "1964" box= "[685,971,1614,1643]" class= "Trematoda" family= "Echinostomatidae" genus= "Echinostoma" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Plagiorchiida" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" phylum= "Platyhelminthes" rank= "species" species= "caproni" >
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC526D2F9F489946B10" box= "[685,971,1614,1643]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > Echinostoma caproni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
trematode (
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC52002F9F48EE36B11" box= "[1149,1212,1614,1642]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > A– D</emphasis>
):
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC520A2F9F48EAC6B11" box= "[1245,1267,1614,1642]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > A</emphasis>
— SEM microphotograph of a mother redia;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC52605F9CE88D26BEB" box= "[634,653,1652,1680]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > B</emphasis>
— histological section of a cercaria embryo in a daughter redia;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC5248AF9238B556BCE" box= "[245,266,1689,1717]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > C</emphasis>
— SEM micrograph of a cercaria with a discarded tail;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC5207DF9208E466BCD" box= "[1026,1049,1690,1718]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > D</emphasis>
— SEM micrograph of a metacercaria. Legend:
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC525AEF9048BAD6BA0" box= "[465,498,1726,1755]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > bp</emphasis>
— birth pore,
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC526C4F90488936BA0" box= "[699,716,1726,1755]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > h</emphasis>
— hemocytes,
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC527E2F90589E86BA0" box= "[925,951,1727,1755]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > m</emphasis>
— mouth,
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC5202EF9058E336BA0" box= "[1105,1132,1727,1755]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > os</emphasis>
— oral sucker,
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC52141F9058F176BA0" box= "[1342,1352,1727,1755]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > t</emphasis>
— tail,
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC524A6F95E8AAC6A7B" box= "[217,243,1764,1792]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > vs</emphasis>
— ventral sucker
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BF636AF682AFFC524DFF8AB8E3B6AB9" blockId= "3.[160,1392,1614,1987]" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" >
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC524DFF8AB8AAA6A56" bold= "true" box= "[160,245,1808,1837]" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > Рис. 1.</emphasis>
СтаΔии развития трематоΔ
<taxonomicName id= "4C494D2C682AFFC5260BF8AA89DC6A56" authorityName= "Richard" authorityYear= "1964" box= "[628,899,1808,1837]" class= "Trematoda" family= "Echinostomatidae" genus= "Echinostoma" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Plagiorchiida" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" phylum= "Platyhelminthes" rank= "species" species= "caproni" >
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC5260BF8AA89DC6A56" box= "[628,899,1808,1837]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > Echinostoma caproni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC527EDF8AB898F6A56" box= "[914,976,1809,1837]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > A– D</emphasis>
):
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC52799F8AB89A36A56" box= "[998,1020,1809,1837]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > A</emphasis>
— SEM-микрофотография материнской реΔии;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC525C6F88D8B936A28" box= "[441,460,1847,1875]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > B</emphasis>
— гистоΛогический срез эмбриона церкарии в Δочерней реΔии;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC52148F88C8F136A29" box= "[1335,1356,1846,1874]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > C</emphasis>
— SEM-микрофотография церкарии с отброшенным хвостом;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC5279FF8E689A86A03" box= "[992,1015,1884,1912]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > D</emphasis>
— SEM-микрофотография метацеркарии. УсΛовные обозначения:
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC526C5F83A88846AE6" box= "[698,731,1920,1949]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > bp</emphasis>
— роΔиΛьная пора;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC52793F83A89A26AE6" box= "[1004,1021,1920,1949]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > h</emphasis>
— гемоциты;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC520C4F83B8E8A6AE6" box= "[1211,1237,1921,1949]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > m</emphasis>
— ротовое отверстие;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC52544F81D8B096AB8" box= "[315,342,1959,1987]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > os</emphasis>
— ротовая присоска;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC526F9F81D88CF6AB8" box= "[646,656,1959,1987]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > t</emphasis>
— хвост;
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682AFFC52767F81D896D6AB8" box= "[792,818,1959,1987]" italics= "true" pageId= "3" pageNumber= "715" > vs</emphasis>
— брюшная присоска
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id= "8BF636AF682DFFC224C2FF238BE96F8D" blockId= "4.[151,756,153,1142]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" >
This artificial decrease of cercarial density led to the extension of the lifespan of infected snails (Group 2 — up to 56 days, Group 3 — up to 60 days). The experiment also confirmed the pathogenicity of metacercariae since snails from Group 4 died within 58 days. Therefore, the results of the experiments on Groups 2, 3, and 4 indicate that the mortality of snails is attributed to metacercarial infection. The analysis of the survivorship curves of different experimental groups confirms this assumption (
<figureCitation id= "13722A2A682DFFC22506FD858B9A6F27" box= "[377,453,575,604]" captionStart= "Fig" captionStartId= "4.[163,210,1814,1843]" captionTargetBox= "[191,1359,1168,1798]" captionTargetId= "figure-429@4.[191,1359,1168,1805]" captionTargetPageId= "4" captionText= "Fig. 2. Dynamics of mortality of Biomphalaria pfeifferi molluscs. Group 1* — red line / 38 days PI; Group 2* — green line / 56 days PI; Group 3* — blue line / 60 days PI; Group 4 — lilac line (magenta) / 58 days PI Рис. 2. Àинамика смертности моΛΛюсков Biomphalaria pfeifferi. Серия 1* — красная Λиния /38 Δней P. I.; Серия 2* — зеΛёная Λиния / 56 Δней P. I.; Серия 3* — гоΛубая Λиния / 60 Δней P. I.; Серия 4 — ΛиΛовая Λиния (magenta) / 58 Δней P. I." figureDoi= "http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11362249" httpUri= "https://zenodo.org/record/11362249/files/figure.png" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" > Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The graph shows that snails from Group 1 started dying sooner and faster than snails from the other groups. At the same time, survivorship curves for Groups 2– 4 look very similar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BF636AF682DFFC224C2FD458ED56DA7" blockId= "4.[151,756,153,1142]" lastBlockId= "4.[794,1399,153,412]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" >
These findings are also confirmed by statistical analysis. According to the Friedman test, the conditions of the experiment significantly affect the mortality dynamics of
<taxonomicName id= "4C494D2C682DFFC224E8FC208B7B6ECE" baseAuthorityName= "Krauss" baseAuthorityYear= "1848" box= "[151,292,921,950]" class= "Gastropoda" family= "Planorbidae" genus= "Biomphalaria" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Littorinimorpha" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" phylum= "Mollusca" rank= "species" species= "pfeifferi" >
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682DFFC224E8FC208B7B6ECE" box= "[151,292,921,950]" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" > B. pfeifferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
snails. A pairwise comparison of death times between Groups 1– 4 (Wilcoxon test, including the Bonferroni correction) shows that the findings on Group 1 are different from the findings on Groups 2, 3, and 4 (p < 0.001). At the same time, survivorship curves for Groups 2, 3 and 4 are statistically indistinguishable (p> 0.05).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id= "8BF636AF682DFFC2273FFF5C8F286CE7" blockId= "4.[794,1399,153,412]" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" >
Thus, the analysis of survivorship curves of
<taxonomicName id= "4C494D2C682DFFC22765FEB789C56C53" baseAuthorityName= "Krauss" baseAuthorityYear= "1848" box= "[794,922,268,297]" class= "Gastropoda" family= "Planorbidae" genus= "Biomphalaria" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Littorinimorpha" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" phylum= "Mollusca" rank= "species" species= "pfeifferi" >
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682DFFC22765FEB789C56C53" box= "[794,922,268,297]" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" > B. pfeifferi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
snails from different groups confirmed our assumption that
<taxonomicName id= "4C494D2C682DFFC220E8FE898F416C34" authorityName= "Richard" authorityYear= "1964" box= "[1175,1310,307,335]" class= "Trematoda" family= "Echinostomatidae" genus= "Echinostoma" kingdom= "Animalia" order= "Plagiorchiida" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" phylum= "Platyhelminthes" rank= "species" species= "caproni" >
<emphasis id= "B93DEABD682DFFC220E8FE898F416C34" box= "[1175,1310,307,335]" italics= "true" pageId= "4" pageNumber= "716" > E. caproni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
metacercariae are pathogenic to snails regardless of whether they were initially exposed to rediae or not.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>