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<mods:title id="D8C0F32445EC98EB54FDBDE91021140D">The genus Hoplandrothrips and its relatives (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Southeast Asia and Taiwan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="119DD6273EC153AB6D14E3CC5829DDC0">Okajima, Shûji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F39E581BD562C7F832AAD405974384ED">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="55B292A46653B5C6EC7D2E91093705A2">Masumoto, Masami</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E5E02A24897C2681AA8A3836CF20A17D">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D08C3E418501C33BD9B2A442AA487469" bold="true" box="[151,574,1297,1324]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A442AA487469" ID-CoL="38DJ9" authority="Okajima" authorityName="Okajima" box="[151,574,1297,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigellus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A442AA487469" bold="true" box="[151,574,1297,1324]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A442A9B1746E" bold="true" box="[151,455,1297,1324]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Ecacanthothrips nigellus</emphasis>
Okajima
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8501C33BD9B2A465A91C7412" blockId="9.[151,574,1297,1360]" box="[151,362,1334,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
(
<figureCitation id="134095A88501C33BD9BAA465A8807412" box="[159,246,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURES 114" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-32@37.[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 114. Ecacanthothrips species. E. andrei 12: (1) female; (2) large male. E. brevicornis sp. n. 34: (3) female; (4) male. E. claricornis 56: (5) female; (6) large male. E. coniger 78: (7) female; (8) large male. E. leai 911: (9) female; (10) large male; (11) small male. E. moundi 1213: (12) fmale; (13) large male. E. nigellus: (14) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211345/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134095A88501C33BD827A465A9147412" box="[258,354,1334,1360]" captionStart="FIGURES 111119" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@47.[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 111119. Ecacanthothrips nigellus, female. (111) fore leg; (112) head and prothorax; (113) antennal segments II VIII; (114) antennal segment III, dorsal view; (115) antennal segment III, ventral view; (116) metanotum and pelta; (117) prosternum and mesopresternum; (118) sub-basal wing setae; (119) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211377/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">111119</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA68501C33BD9B2A429AC4877F0" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8501C33BD9B2A429AAF074D0" blockId="9.[151,646,1402,1426]" box="[151,646,1402,1426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BAE038501C33BD9B2A429AAF074D0" box="[151,646,1402,1426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADAAF3C8501C33BD9B2A429AAF474D0" author="Okajima, S." box="[151,642,1402,1426]" page="61" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" year="1983">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A429AAF474D0" ID-CoL="38DJ9" authority="Okajima, 1983: 59 - 61" authorityName="Okajima" authorityPageNumber="59 - 61" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,642,1402,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigellus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A429A9E374D0" box="[151,405,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Ecacanthothrips nigellus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BD8B9A429AAF474D0" author="Okajima, S." box="[412,642,1402,1426]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima, 1983: 5961</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8501C33BD9B2A493AC4877F0" blockId="9.[151,1437,1472,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
This species was described from northern
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDB56A493AAA17498" box="[627,727,1472,1498]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
based on
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BDA6CA492ABA27498" box="[841,980,1472,1499]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
, and is included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDDFCA492AD3D7498" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[1241,1355,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDDFCA492AD3D7498" box="[1241,1355,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group. It is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD857A4B7A9EA74BC" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[370,412,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD857A4B7A9EA74BC" box="[370,412,1508,1534]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">leai</emphasis>
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, but has the tibiae and antennal segments darker (
<figureCitation id="134095A88501C33BDAECA4B7AC6A74BD" box="[969,1052,1508,1535]" captionStart="FIGURES 114" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-32@37.[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 114. Ecacanthothrips species. E. andrei 12: (1) female; (2) large male. E. brevicornis sp. n. 34: (3) female; (4) male. E. claricornis 56: (5) female; (6) large male. E. coniger 78: (7) female; (8) large male. E. leai 911: (9) female; (10) large male; (11) small male. E. moundi 1213: (12) fmale; (13) large male. E. nigellus: (14) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211345/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). Moreover, antennal segments III and IV (
<figureCitation id="134095A88501C33BD9D5A75BA9FF7761" box="[240,393,1544,1571]" captionStart="FIGURES 111119" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@47.[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 111119. Ecacanthothrips nigellus, female. (111) fore leg; (112) head and prothorax; (113) antennal segments II VIII; (114) antennal segment III, dorsal view; (115) antennal segment III, ventral view; (116) metanotum and pelta; (117) prosternum and mesopresternum; (118) sub-basal wing setae; (119) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211377/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Figs 113115</figureCitation>
) are heavier than those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDB8FA75BAAA27760" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[682,724,1544,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDB8FA75BAAA27760" box="[682,724,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">leai</emphasis>
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, and segment III bears extraordinary dark and thick sense cones. The inner side of antennal segment III is distinctly swollen at basal half and segment IV has thicker basal stem. The basal width of this segment is almost as wide as the apical width in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDAA0A703ABA87728" ID-CoL="38DJ9" box="[901,990,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigellus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDAA0A703ABA87728" box="[901,990,1616,1642]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">nigellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though the stems of these segments are slender in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD82EA727A94377CC" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[267,309,1652,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD82EA727A94377CC" box="[267,309,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">leai</emphasis>
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, the basal width being much narrower than apical width. Unfortunately, the intraspecific variation of this species is not yet understood, because only two large females are known so far.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9E2A7EEA9C17794" box="[199,439,1724,1751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BD898A7EFAB467795" box="[445,816,1724,1751]" country="Thailand" location="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BD898A7EFAA5C7794" box="[445,554,1724,1750]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
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female and a
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<typeStatus id="54C0378F8501C33BDA12A7EEABE17795" box="[823,919,1725,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
female (data described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BDDE5A7EFAD1C7795" author="Okajima, S." box="[1216,1386,1724,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima, 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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