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<document id="D45C632459762F6A8E4125AE24070576" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5489.1.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13211341" ID-ZooBank="373DBA20-A1A7-4A2D-856C-67BF13D83C41" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="karina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="karina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="karina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="karina" checkinTime="1722790258077" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Okajima, Shûji &amp; Masumoto, Masami" docDate="2024" docId="03D2383B8500C33AD9B2A015A99276B5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5489.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5489 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5489.1.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Ecacanthothrips leai Moulton" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFEB40438508C332D925A153A8767142" masterDocTitle="The genus Hoplandrothrips and its relatives (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Southeast Asia and Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="91" masterPageNumber="22" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1726015607694" updateUser="karina" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="A5169C7004464C9035079E152C692792">The genus Hoplandrothrips and its relatives (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Southeast Asia and Taiwan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F980B730EB3FD9EE68B6164C259138E7">Okajima, Shûji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="475EB182F716C3AFB090CEBC88FAB340">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="764809EDE4C15A19C038DEB038AD99BC">Masumoto, Masami</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2762EC4EF3FEB621BC36EBB31341547">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="2A3E55820CF8058675EAFD57A01C1A32">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03D2383B8500C33AD9B2A015A99276B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8500C33AD9B2A015A99276B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D2383B8500C33AD9B2A015A99276B5" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68500C33AD9B2A015AA707023" box="[151,518,326,353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8500C33AD9B2A015AA707023" blockId="8.[151,518,326,389]" box="[151,518,326,353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D08C3E418500C33AD9B2A015AA707023" bold="true" box="[151,518,326,353]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8500C33AD9B2A015AA707023" ID-CoL="38DJ6" authority="Moulton" authorityName="Moulton" box="[151,518,326,353]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD9B2A015AA707023" bold="true" box="[151,518,326,353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD9B2A015A9E57023" bold="true" box="[151,403,326,353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Ecacanthothrips leai</emphasis>
Moulton
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68500C33AD9B2A038A90C70C7" box="[151,378,363,389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8500C33AD9B2A038A90C70C7" blockId="8.[151,518,326,389]" box="[151,378,363,389]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
(
<figureCitation id="134095A88500C33AD9BAA038A96770C7" box="[159,273,363,389]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-32@37.[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Ecacanthothrips species. E. andrei 1–2: (1) female; (2) large male. E. brevicornis sp. n. 3–4: (3) female; (4) male. E. claricornis 5–6: (5) female; (6) large male. E. coniger 7–8: (7) female; (8) large male. E. leai 9–11: (9) female; (10) large male; (11) small male. E. moundi 12–13: (12) fmale; (13) large male. E. nigellus: (14) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211345/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Figs 9–11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134095A88500C33AD838A038A90470C7" box="[285,370,363,389]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">93–101</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68500C33AD9B2A0FCA9DD75DA" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8500C33AD9B2A0FCAA347085" blockId="8.[151,578,431,455]" box="[151,578,431,455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BAE038500C33AD9B2A0FCAA347085" box="[151,578,431,455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADAAF3C8500C33AD9B2A0FCAA487085" author="Moulton, D." box="[151,574,431,455]" page="176" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" year="1947">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8500C33AD9B2A0FCAA487085" ID-CoL="38DJ6" authority="Moulton, 1947: 176" authorityName="Moulton" authorityPageNumber="176" authorityYear="1947" box="[151,574,431,455]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD9B2A0FCA91D7085" box="[151,363,431,455]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Ecacanthothrips leai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8500C33AD854A0FCAA487085" author="Moulton, D." box="[369,574,431,455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" pagination="172 - 180" refId="ref49871" refString="Moulton, D. (1947) Thysanoptera from New Guinea, the Philippine Islands and the Malay Peninsula. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 23, 172 - 180." type="journal article" year="1947">Moulton, 1947: 176</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8500C33AD9B2A0A5A9DD75DA" blockId="8.[151,1437,501,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8500C33AD9B2A0A5A894734D" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[151,226,501,527]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD9B2A0A5A894734D" box="[151,226,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">E. leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described based on one damaged female taken from
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADA51A0A6AC6D7352" box="[884,1051,501,528]" country="Malaysia" name="Kuala Lumpur" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Kuala Lumpur</collectingRegion>
, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33ADD83A0A6AD66734D" box="[1190,1296,501,527]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8500C33ADC39A0A6A94A7371" author="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A." pageId="8" pageNumber="30" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">Palmer and Mound (1978)</bibRefCitation>
recorded under this name from Java, New
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33ADA16A34AABF17371" box="[819,903,537,563]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, the
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33ADAE5A34AACF67371" box="[960,1152,537,563]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
, and the Ryukyu Islands in addition to Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33AD8E7A36EAA5A7315" box="[450,556,573,599]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. Subsequently, however,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8500C33ADA76A36EAC7F7315" author="Okajima, S." box="[851,1033,573,599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima (1983)</bibRefCitation>
discriminated the specimens from the Ryukyus, southern
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33AD884A331A992733E" box="[417,484,610,636]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Japan</collectingCountry>
, as a distinct species,
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33ADBCDA331AB107339" box="[744,870,609,635]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8500C33ADBCDA331AB147339" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[744,866,609,635]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">E. moundi</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This species is included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8500C33ADDFCA331AD3D7339" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[1241,1355,610,635]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33ADDFCA331AD3D7339" box="[1241,1355,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, and exhibits conspicuous variation. A long series of females and males of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8500C33ADAC8A3D6AC6173DD" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[1005,1047,645,671]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33ADAC8A3D6AC6173DD" box="[1005,1047,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
listed below have been examined from several sites of Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33ADB2DA3FAAA077381" box="[520,625,681,707]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, at least one site is near the
<typeStatus id="54C0378F8500C33ADA92A3F9AB917386" box="[951,999,682,708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
locality, and its intraspecific variation associated with allometric growth has been understood in detail, although geographical variation has not been clarified yet. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8500C33AD89AA3A2AA937249" author="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[447,741,753,779]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">Palmer and Mound (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, this species shows somewhat confused geographical variation in the length of head, the comparative length of anteromarginal and anteroangular setae in large male, and in the colour of tibiae. However, it is difficult to know whether these local populations contain additional distinct species or not. Furthermore, even within Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33ADBB5A20EAA8F7235" box="[656,761,861,887]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, there are slight variations between local populations in the colour of antennae and tibiae. The specimens from mountainous areas have the antennal segment III somewhat darker, yellowish brown, and the tibiae scarcely shaded with brown, whereas the specimens from lowlands have the antennal segment III paler, brownish yellow, and the tibiae usually clear yellow.
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADD65A29AACA972A1" box="[1088,1247,969,995]" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">Three females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADC30A299ADEA72A1" box="[1301,1436,969,996]" count="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">seven males</specimenCount>
from
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33AD9F0A2BEA9727545" box="[213,260,1005,1031]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Bali</collectingRegion>
Is.,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33AD813A2BEA9D07545" box="[310,422,1005,1031]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, have mid and hind tibiae brownish.
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADA6DA2BEABAB7545" box="[840,989,1005,1031]" count="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">Nine females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADD30A2BDACEB7545" box="[1045,1181,1005,1032]" count="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">seven males</specimenCount>
from Borneo have the heads rather distinctly reticulate.
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADB23A541AA087569" box="[518,638,1041,1068]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">Two males</specimenCount>
from
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADBE5A542AB6B7569" box="[704,797,1041,1067]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADA77A542ABCC7569" box="[850,954,1041,1067]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33ADAE6A542AC457569" box="[963,1075,1041,1067]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, listed in the doubtful specimens below have longer head proportions, which are more than 1.5 times as long as wide, and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADD50A565AC86750D" box="[1141,1264,1077,1104]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADC03A566ADEA750D" box="[1318,1436,1077,1103]" count="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">four males</specimenCount>
from mountainous area of
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33AD8E4A50AA9867531" box="[449,496,1113,1139]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Bali</collectingRegion>
Is. are exceptionally small,
<quantity id="4C8324C88500C33ADA0EA50AABC37536" box="[811,949,1113,1140]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.4 mm</quantity>
. The difference between
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8500C33ADDEBA50AAC8E7531" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[1230,1272,1113,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33ADDEBA50AAC8E7531" box="[1230,1272,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8500C33ADC0BA50AADF47531" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[1326,1410,1113,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33ADC0BA50AADF47531" box="[1326,1410,1113,1139]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is discussed under
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8500C33AD875A52EA9D275D5" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[336,420,1149,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD875A52EA9D275D5" box="[336,420,1149,1175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68500C33AD9E2A5F1A99276B5" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8500C33AD9E2A5F1AA7274BD" blockId="8.[151,1437,501,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD9E2A5F1A94F75F9" box="[199,313,1186,1211]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Body brown to dark brown, all tibiae yellow, antennal segments IV–VI with base yellowish.
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33ADC64A5F2ADE375F9" box="[1345,1429,1185,1211]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Female</emphasis>
. Body length
<quantity id="4C8324C88500C33AD809A596A9D975A2" box="[300,431,1221,1248]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="3.05" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.6mm</quantity>
. Head (
<figureCitation id="134095A88500C33ADB2CA596AA2A759D" box="[521,604,1221,1247]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
) 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide, dorsal surface reticulate, but the reticles weak along midline, cheeks distinctly constricted just behind eyes. Antennae (
<figureCitation id="134095A88500C33ADD35A5BAAC157446" box="[1040,1123,1257,1284]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
) about 2.0 times as long as head; segment VIII distinctly constricted basally, pedicellate; segment V without distinct apical neck, shorter than segment IV. Pronotal pa the longest, aa and am setae subequal in small female, aa and ml elongate in large female. Fore wing with 11–19 duplicated cilia. Pelta (
<figureCitation id="134095A88500C33ADBB7A406AA94742D" box="[658,738,1365,1391]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
) bell-shaped. Tube (
<figureCitation id="134095A88500C33ADAE3A406AC53742D" box="[966,1061,1365,1391]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fig. 100</figureCitation>
) 0.55–0.56 times as long as head.
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD9B2A42AA8A774D1" box="[151,209,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Male</emphasis>
. Body length
<quantity id="4C8324C88500C33AD84AA42AA98474D1" box="[367,498,1401,1427]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.2">2.2–3.2mm</quantity>
. Head (
<figureCitation id="134095A88500C33ADB63A42AAAEE74D1" box="[582,664,1401,1427]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fig. 94</figureCitation>
) 1.23–1.40 times as long as wide, dorsal surface scarcely sculptured; cheeks each with two or three stout setae in large male. Pronotal aa, ml and pa setae elongate, but am reduced in large male. Fore tibia with sub-basal inner tubercle in large male. Fore wing with 11–22 duplicated cilia. Tube 0.51–0.54 times as long as head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8500C33AD9E2A759ADF076C9" blockId="8.[151,1437,501,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD9E2A759A9CC7761" box="[199,442,1545,1572]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33AD8E6A75AA99A7705" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD8E6A75AAA327761" bold="true" box="[451,580,1545,1571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Peninsular</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33ADB6BA75AAACD7761" bold="true" box="[590,699,1545,1571]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33ADB6BA75AAACD7761" box="[590,699,1545,1571]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68500C33ADBE9A75AABED7761" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8500C33AD9B2A015A99276B5:8EA4DFF68500C33ADBE9A75AABED7761" box="[716,923,1545,1571]" country="Malaysia" name="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">Gnung Tengkolok</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADA8FA75AAC6F7761" box="[938,1049,1545,1571]" count="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADD70A75AACC77761" box="[1109,1201,1545,1571]" count="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33AD82DA77EA90E7705" box="[264,376,1581,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1983-05-27">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33AD82DA77EA90E7705" box="[264,376,1581,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1983-05-27">27.v.1983</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED6A11E88500C33AD8A6A77DA9E3770A" box="[387,405,1582,1608]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33AD8BAA77EA99F7705" box="[415,489,1581,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Senoh</collectorName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33AD8D6A77EAD2A7705" box="[499,1372,1581,1608]" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33AD8D6A77EAABC7705" box="[499,714,1581,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Cameron Highland</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADBF1A77EAB22770A" box="[724,852,1581,1608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Tanah Rata</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADA7AA77EABBB7705" box="[863,973,1581,1607]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, on dead branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADD80A77EAD517705" box="[1189,1319,1581,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1976-07-24">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADD80A77EAD517705" box="[1189,1319,1581,1607]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1976-07-24">24.vii.1976</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADC46A77DAB427729" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
same locality above,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD863A702A9DE7729" box="[326,424,1617,1643]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD8C4A702AA4A7729" box="[481,572,1617,1643]" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADB6DA702AADD7729" box="[584,683,1617,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1981-05-08">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADB6DA702AADD7729" box="[584,683,1617,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1981-05-08">8.v.1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADB92A701AB597729" box="[695,815,1617,1644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">W. Suzuki</collectorName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADA19A702AB2D77CD" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADA19A702AC607729" box="[828,1046,1617,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Cameron Highland</collectorName>
, nr.
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADD6DA702ACB67729" box="[1096,1216,1617,1643]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Brinchang</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADDE9A702AD317729" box="[1228,1351,1617,1643]" count="79" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">79 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADCA5A702A8AD77CD" count="48" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">48 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADB0EA726AAA977D2" box="[555,735,1653,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-25" valueMax="1990-08-27" valueMin="1990-08-25">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADB0EA726AAA977D2" box="[555,735,1653,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-25" valueMax="1990-08-27" valueMin="1990-08-25">25–27.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADA45A726AC7877F1" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADA45A726AC4E77CD" box="[864,1080,1653,1679]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Cameron Highland</collectorName>
, nr.
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADD46A726AC9577D2" box="[1123,1251,1653,1680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Tanah Rata</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADDC8A726AD2E77CD" box="[1261,1368,1653,1679]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Robinson</collectorName>
water fall,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD9ECA7CAA94277F1" box="[201,308,1689,1715]" count="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD84CA7CAA9C077F1" box="[361,438,1689,1715]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADA2DA7CAABE777F1" box="[776,913,1689,1715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-28">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADA2DA7CAABE777F1" box="[776,913,1689,1715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-28">28.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADD31A7CAAC7E7795" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADD31A7CAAC9A77F1" box="[1044,1260,1689,1715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Cameron Highland</collectorName>
, nr.
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADC3DA7CAADEE77F6" box="[1304,1432,1689,1716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Tanah Rata</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD9B2A7EEA9737795" box="[151,261,1725,1752]" count="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD864A7EEA9E77795" box="[321,401,1725,1751]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADBD2A7EEABF77795" box="[759,897,1725,1751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-29">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADBD2A7EEABF77795" box="[759,897,1725,1751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-29">29.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADD34A7EEAC1277B9" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADD34A7EEAC9D7795" box="[1041,1259,1725,1751]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Cameron Highland</collectorName>
, foot of
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADC75A7EEA8A777BE" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Gnung Jasar</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD9FBA7B2A92C77B9" box="[222,346,1761,1787]" count="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">17 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD8B0A7B2A98677B9" box="[405,496,1761,1787]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADA71A7B2ABA877B9" box="[852,990,1761,1787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-29">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADA71A7B2ABA877B9" box="[852,990,1761,1787]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-29">29.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADD48A7B2AC77765D" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
about
<quantity id="4C8324C88500C33ADD91A7B2AC8277B9" box="[1204,1268,1761,1787]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="km" value="20.0">20km</quantity>
N from
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADC7CA7B2A8857662" country="Malaysia" name="Kuala Lumpur" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Kuala Lumpur</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33AD9DBA656A9EF765D" box="[254,409,1797,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Templer Park</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD880A656AA56765D" box="[421,544,1797,1823]" count="33" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">33 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADB7DA656AAC9765D" box="[600,703,1797,1823]" count="28" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">28 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADBEEA656AB097662" box="[715,895,1797,1824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-12" valueMax="1990-08-15" valueMin="1990-08-12">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADBEEA656AB097662" box="[715,895,1797,1824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-08-12" valueMax="1990-08-15" valueMin="1990-08-12">12–15.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADD2CA656AB7D7601" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADD2CA656ACEE765D" box="[1033,1176,1797,1823]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Fraser’s Hill</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADD81A656AD70765D" box="[1188,1286,1797,1823]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADC1BA656ADEE765D" box="[1342,1432,1797,1824]" count="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33AD8C3A67AAAFC7601" box="[486,650,1833,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-09-13" valueMax="1990-09-14" valueMin="1990-09-13">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33AD8C3A67AAAFC7601" box="[486,650,1833,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-09-13" valueMax="1990-09-14" valueMin="1990-09-13">13–14.ix.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADA37A67AAB2F7625" collectingDate="1976-07-24" collectingDateMax="1990-09-14" collectingDateMin="1976-07-24" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata &amp; W. Suzuki &amp; Brinchang &amp; Robinson &amp; Gnung Jasar &amp; Templer Park &amp; Fraser's Hill &amp; Borneo &amp; Kundasang" country="Malaysia" location="Gnung Tengkolok" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="266" specimenCount-female="165" specimenCount-male="101" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33ADA37A67AAB1F7601" bold="true" box="[786,873,1833,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADA37A67AAB1F7601" box="[786,873,1833,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Borneo</collectorName>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADA5DA67AABC97601" box="[888,959,1833,1859]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Sabah</collectingRegion>
, about
<quantity id="4C8324C88500C33ADD35A67AAC347601" box="[1040,1090,1833,1859]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="km" value="3.0">3km</quantity>
N from
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADD86A67AAD527601" box="[1187,1316,1833,1859]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Kundasang</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADC15A67AADEA7601" box="[1328,1436,1833,1859]" count="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">9 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD9E3A61DA9687625" box="[198,286,1869,1896]" count="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADB56A61EAAA97625" box="[627,735,1869,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-09-06">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADB56A61EAAA97625" box="[627,735,1869,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-09-06">6.ix.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADA46A61EAA0A76C9" collectingDate="1981-04-19" collectingDateMax="2005-03-08" collectingDateMin="1981-04-19" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Is. &amp; Buleleng &amp; Yehketipat" country="Indonesia" elevation="1500" location="Mt Arjuna" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33ADA46A61EABAE7625" bold="true" box="[867,984,1869,1895]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33ADA46A61EABAE7625" box="[867,984,1869,1895]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, E.
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADD21A61DAC4E762A" box="[1028,1080,1870,1896]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68500C33ADD66A61DACCF7625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8500C33AD9B2A015A99276B5:8EA4DFF68500C33ADD66A61DACCF7625" box="[1091,1209,1869,1896]" country="Indonesia" name="Mt Arjuna" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Mt Arjuna</location>
,
<quantity id="4C8324C88500C33ADDE1A61EAD217625" box="[1220,1367,1869,1895]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1500.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1400.0">
<elevation id="00566E1E8500C33ADDE1A61EAD217625" box="[1220,1367,1869,1895]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1500.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1400.0">1400–1600m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADCABA61EA8A676C9" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33AD8ABA622AA7176C9" box="[398,519,1905,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1981-04-19">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33AD8ABA622AA7176C9" box="[398,519,1905,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1981-04-19">19.iv.1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectionCode id="ED6A11E88500C33ADB37A621AA5276CE" box="[530,548,1906,1932]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">T</collectionCode>
.
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADB0AA622AA0F76C9" box="[559,633,1905,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Senoh</collectorName>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADBA1A622ADF476C9" box="[644,1410,1905,1932]" collectingDate="1981-04-19" collectingDateMax="2005-03-08" collectingDateMin="1981-04-19" collectionCode="T" collectorName="Senoh &amp; Is. &amp; Buleleng &amp; Yehketipat" country="Indonesia" elevation="1500" location="Mt Arjuna" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADBA1A622AAC576C9" box="[644,691,1905,1931]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Bali</collectingRegion>
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADB9CA621AAA076CE" box="[697,726,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADBC6A622AB3D76C9" box="[739,843,1905,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Buleleng</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADA70A622ABA676C9" box="[853,976,1905,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Yehketipat</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADAFEA622AC3176C9" box="[987,1095,1905,1931]" count="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADD58A621ACA076C9" box="[1149,1238,1905,1932]" count="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADDC7A622AD3976CE" box="[1250,1359,1905,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="2005-03-08">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADDC7A622AD3976CE" box="[1250,1359,1905,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="2005-03-08">8.iii.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8500C33AD9E2A6C6A99276B5" blockId="8.[151,1437,501,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD9E2A6C6A9DC76ED" box="[199,426,1941,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Doubtful specimens.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33AD88AA6C6AD5176F2" box="[431,1319,1941,1968]" collectingDate="1990-05-04" collectorName="H. Matsumoto" country="Indonesia" location="Toba lake" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sumatera Utara">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8500C33AD88AA6C6AA5276ED" bold="true" box="[431,548,1941,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8500C33AD88AA6C6AA5276ED" box="[431,548,1941,1967]" name="Indonesia" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADB0AA6C6AAF976ED" box="[559,655,1941,1967]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
, nr.
<location id="8EA4DFF68500C33ADB9FA6C6AB5176ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8500C33AD9B2A015A99276B5:8EA4DFF68500C33ADB9FA6C6AB5176ED" box="[698,807,1941,1967]" country="Indonesia" name="Toba lake" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Sumatera Utara">Toba lake</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADA14A6C6ABE676ED" box="[817,912,1941,1967]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADAE7A6C6AC7876ED" box="[962,1038,1941,1967]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADD3DA6C6AC0D76ED" box="[1048,1147,1941,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-05-04">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADD3DA6C6AC0D76ED" box="[1048,1147,1941,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1990-05-04">4.v.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADDA1A6C5AD5176F2" box="[1156,1319,1942,1968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">H. Matsumoto</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADC15A6C6AB147691" collectingDate="1979-07-30" collectorName="Karakelong Is. &amp; N. Kashiwai" country="Indonesia" location="Ponto" municipality="Talaud" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADC15A6C6ADEE76ED" box="[1328,1432,1941,1967]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA013578500C33AD9B2A6EAA8907691" box="[151,230,1977,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Talaud</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33AD9D5A6EAA9E37696" box="[240,405,1977,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Karakelong Is.</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68500C33AD884A6E9A9937696" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8500C33AD9B2A015A99276B5:8EA4DFF68500C33AD884A6E9A9937696" box="[417,485,1978,2004]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Talaud" name="Ponto" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Sulawesi Utara">Ponto</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD8CAA6EAAA4B7691" box="[495,573,1977,2003]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33ADB62A6EAAABF7691" box="[583,713,1977,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1979-07-30">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33ADB62A6EAAABF7691" box="[583,713,1977,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1979-07-30">30.vii.1979</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8500C33ADBF1A6E9AB147691" box="[724,866,1977,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">N. Kashiwai</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708500C33ADA48A6EAA99676B5" collectingDate="1984-07-26" country="Indonesia" elevation="1200" location="Candi Kuning" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Bali">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8500C33ADA48A6EAABEA7691" box="[877,924,1977,2003]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="8" pageNumber="30">Bali</collectingRegion>
Is.,
<location id="8EA4DFF68500C33ADAEFA6EAAC1C7691" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8500C33AD9B2A015A99276B5:8EA4DFF68500C33ADAEFA6EAAC1C7691" box="[970,1130,1977,2003]" country="Indonesia" name="Candi Kuning" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" stateProvince="Bali">Candi Kuning</location>
, alt. about
<quantity id="4C8324C88500C33ADDC4A6EAAD477691" box="[1249,1329,1977,2003]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<elevation id="00566E1E8500C33ADDC4A6EAAD477691" box="[1249,1329,1977,2003]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33ADC19A6EAADEA7691" box="[1340,1436,1977,2003]" count="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48500C33AD9E2A68EA95676B5" box="[199,288,2013,2039]" count="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8500C33AD80EA68EA9DB76B5" box="[299,429,2013,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1984-07-26">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058500C33AD80EA68EA9DB76B5" box="[299,429,2013,2039]" pageId="8" pageNumber="30" value="1984-07-26">26.vii.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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119
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A67BAA327600" ID-CoL="38DJF" authority="(Bagnall)" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[151,580,1832,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">
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(Bagnall)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8501C33BD9B2A63EAA0376C7" blockId="9.[151,629,1901,1925]" box="[151,629,1901,1925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A63EAA0776C7" ID-CoL="4GH4Q" authority="Bagnall, 1908: 195 - 196" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityPageNumber="195 - 196" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,625,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phloeothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A63EA90576C7" box="[151,371,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Phloeothrips spinipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BD85FA63EAA0776C7" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[378,625,1901,1925]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" pagination="355 - 363" refId="ref49060" refString="Bagnall, R. S. (1908) On some new and curious Thysanoptera (Tubulifera) from Papua. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 8, 1 (4), 355 - 363. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930808692417" type="journal article" year="1908">Bagnall, 1908: 195–196</bibRefCitation>
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.
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This species was described based on the unique
<typeStatus id="54C0378F8501C33BDB9DA6E0AB6C768F" box="[696,794,1971,1997]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female collected from New
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDD78A6E0ACC7768F" box="[1117,1201,1971,1997]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Guinea</collectingCountry>
, and has three junior synonyms. Subsequently, it was recorded from the Kei Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BDA49A684AC7976B3" author="Priesner, H." box="[876,1039,2007,2033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" pagination="357 - 371" refId="ref50690" refString="Priesner, H. (1930) Indomalayische Thysanopteren II. Treubia, 11, 357 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 193019300105" type="journal article" year="1930">Priesner 1930</bibRefCitation>
: described as synonymous species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D9B2A1C4A96271F3" ID-CoL="38DHR" authorityName="Priesner" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,276,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bagnalli">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A1C4A96271F3" box="[151,276,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">E. bagnalli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8502C338DB6CA1C4AAA971F3" author="Mound, L. A." box="[585,735,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" pagination="83 - 126" refId="ref49900" refString="Mound, L. A. (1970) Thysanoptera from the Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 24, 83 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1519" type="journal article" year="1970">Mound 1970</bibRefCitation>
). It is presumably included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DD78A1C4ACB971F2" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[1117,1231,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DD78A1C4ACB971F2" box="[1117,1231,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group. According to the literature (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8502C338D876A1E8A99E7197" author="Mound, L. A." box="[339,488,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" pagination="83 - 126" refId="ref49900" refString="Mound, L. A. (1970) Thysanoptera from the Solomon Islands. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 24, 83 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1519" type="journal article" year="1970">Mound 1970</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8502C338D8D0A1E8AA887197" author="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[501,766,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">Palmer &amp; Mound 1978</bibRefCitation>
), it may be very similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DD0AA1E8AC0F7197" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[1071,1145,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DD0AA1E8AC0F7197" box="[1071,1145,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">E. leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the fore femur bears a series of tuberculate setae at least in medium to large sized individuals, the mid and hind femora bear a series of stout setae with blunt or dilated apices, and the pelta is triangular with lateral wider reticulation. However, even in large individuals,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D844A074A9FD7003" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[353,395,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D844A074A9FD7003" box="[353,395,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not have these character states. In
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DA68A074AB017003" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[845,887,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DA68A074AB017003" box="[845,887,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the fore femur has no tuberculate setae, the mid and hind femora bear a series of short and pointed setae and the pelta is bell-shaped. Unfortunately, this species has not been available for this study.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA4C71F3" ID-CoL="38DJ8" authority="Okajima" authorityName="Okajima" box="[151,570,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A1C4A9B271F0" bold="true" box="[151,452,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Ecacanthothrips moundi</emphasis>
Okajima
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8501C33BD9B2A1E8A9E07197" blockId="9.[151,570,151,213]" box="[151,406,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
(
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,
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)
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A053A9E7705A" box="[151,401,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Ecacanthothrips moundi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BD8B2A053AAE17055" author="Okajima, S." box="[407,663,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima, 2006: 245–247</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8501C33BD9B2A014A9A57572" blockId="9.[151,1437,326,1216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A014A97B7022" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[151,269,326,352]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A014A97B7022" box="[151,269,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">E. moundi</emphasis>
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was described from the Okinawa-Amami group of Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, southern
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDC06A015AD107022" box="[1315,1382,326,352]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD860A038A9C170C6" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[325,439,363,388]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD860A038A9C170C6" box="[325,439,363,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group. It is somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDA09A039AB2070C6" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[812,854,362,388]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDA09A039AB2070C6" box="[812,854,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">leai</emphasis>
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, but can be distinguished by the following features: body larger,
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in male; head (
<figureCitation id="134095A88501C33BDA41A0DDAC6B70EA" box="[868,1053,398,424]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–110" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@46.[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 102–110. Ecacanthothrips moundi. (102) Head and prothorax, female; (103) head and prothorax, large male; (104) antennal segments III–IV, female; (105) metanotum, female; (106) pelta, female; (107) fore leg, large male; (108) fore leg, female; (109) sub-basal wing setae, female; (110) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211373/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Figs 102 &amp; 103</figureCitation>
) longer, 1.3–1.5 times as long as wide in female, 1.50–1.95 times in male (about 1.3 times as long as wide even in large male in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDD92A0E1AC97708E" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[1207,1249,434,460]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDD92A0E1AC97708E" box="[1207,1249,434,460]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">leai</emphasis>
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); cheeks weakly constricted behind eyes; antennal segment V slender, with a distinct apical neck. Moreover, in large male, pronotal anteromarginal setae are elongated in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDB6CA0A9AAEB7356" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[585,669,506,532]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDB6CA0A9AAEB7356" box="[585,669,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas they are not elongate in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDD02A0A9AC277356" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[1063,1105,506,532]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDD02A0A9AC277356" box="[1063,1105,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The colour of mid and hind tibiae is variable in the
<typeStatus id="54C0378F8501C33BD8BFA34DA9BC737A" box="[410,458,542,568]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDB10A34DAAFF737A" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[565,649,542,568]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDB10A34DAAFF737A" box="[565,649,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, usually brownish, but often yellowish in the male. A series of females and males listed below collected from northern
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDB8BA311AB7B731E" box="[686,781,578,604]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
could probably be identified as this species, but they have some small differences. They have the mid and hind tibiae clear yellow and the antennal segment V longer and more slender, usually longer than segment IV. However, most other character states are indistinguishable from the
<typeStatus id="54C0378F8501C33BDC49A3D9ADEA73E6" box="[1388,1436,650,676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
series. Another species described from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDB77A3FDAAE3738A" box="[594,661,686,712]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDB85A3FCAB44738A" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[672,818,687,712]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDB85A3FCAB44738A" box="[672,818,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">E. inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is also very similar to this species, but
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDDD2A3FDAD3D738A" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[1271,1355,686,712]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDDD2A3FDAD3D738A" box="[1271,1355,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the following features: body uniformly dark brown; antennal segment III darker, dark brown; hind tibiae variable in colour, yellow to brown, at least not darker than femora; pronotal anteromarginal setae elongate in large male, almost as long as anteroangulars or a little longer (
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDA56A248AB937276" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[883,997,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDA56A248AB937276" box="[883,997,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has elongate anteromarginal setae in large male, but much shorter than anteroangulars). In contrast to the uniformly dark brown body of
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDC64A26DA97F723E" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDC64A26DADEE721A" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[1345,1432,830,856]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">moundi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BD9B2A230A97F723E" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,265,867,892]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">inarmatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is slightly bicoloured with head, thorax and anterior abdominal segments paler, tinged with orange yellow when alive (see p.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BD898A2D5AB7972E2" author="Okajima, S. &amp; Masumoto, M." box="[445,783,902,928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refId="ref50507" refString="Okajima, S. &amp; Masumoto, M. (2022) Thrips of Japan. Zennokyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo, 624 pp. [in Japanese]" type="book" year="2022">Okajima &amp; Masumoto, 2022</bibRefCitation>
). These two species have allopatric distribution,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDC6DA2D5ADEA72E2" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[1352,1436,902,928]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDC6DA2D5ADEA72E2" box="[1352,1436,902,928]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known only from the subtropical Ryukyu Islands, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8501C33BDA60A2F8ABC17286" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[837,951,939,964]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDA60A2F8ABC17286" box="[837,951,939,964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
ocurs in the temperate region (
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8501C33BDC00A2F9ADEE7286" box="[1317,1432,938,964]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and those dependent islands) and
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8501C33BDA5EA29DAC7772AA" box="[891,1025,974,1000]" country="China" name="Guangdong" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Guangdong</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDD28A29DAC2672AA" box="[1037,1104,974,1000]" name="China" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BDD45A29DACA372AA" author="Han, Y. F." box="[1120,1237,974,1000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refId="ref49619" refString="Han, Y. F. (1997) Economic Insect Fauna of China. 55 Thysanoptera. Editorial Committee of Fauna Sinica, Science Press, Beijing, 514 pp." type="book" year="1997">Han 1997</bibRefCitation>
). One small male listed below from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BD848A2A1A9A7754E" box="[365,465,1010,1036]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
is very similar to the smallest male from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDAE5A2A1AC54754E" box="[960,1058,1010,1036]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
, but it has intermediate antennal segments somewhat shorter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8501C33BD9E2A569AA967582" blockId="9.[151,1437,326,1216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9E2A569A9CD7516" box="[199,443,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BD8E0A569ADEA7516" box="[453,1436,1082,1108]" country="Japan" location="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD8E0A569AA787516" bold="true" box="[453,526,1082,1108]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BD8E0A569AA787516" box="[453,526,1082,1108]" name="Japan" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDB05A569AAA97516" bold="true" box="[544,735,1082,1108]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<location id="8EA4DFF68501C33BDB05A569AAA97516" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA967582:8EA4DFF68501C33BDB05A569AAA97516" box="[544,735,1082,1108]" country="Japan" name="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Ryukyu Islands</location>
</emphasis>
, holotype female and paratype
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BDD76A569ACB57516" box="[1107,1219,1082,1108]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BDC24A569AD2D7516" box="[1281,1371,1082,1108]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
from
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BD9B2A50DA950753A" box="[151,294,1118,1144]" collectorName="Amami-ohshima Is." country="Japan" location="Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Okinawa" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8501C33BD9B2A50DA88A753A" box="[151,252,1118,1144]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EA4DFF68501C33BD821A50DA957753A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA967582:8EA4DFF68501C33BD821A50DA957753A" box="[260,289,1118,1144]" country="Japan" name="Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Okinawa">Is.</location>
,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BD80BA50DACB5753A" box="[302,1219,1118,1144]" collectorName="Amami-ohshima Is." country="Japan" location="Is." pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Okinawa" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BD80BA50DA9E6753A" box="[302,400,1118,1144]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BD8E2A50DAA65753A" box="[455,531,1118,1144]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
from
<collectorName id="268EECFB8501C33BDB7DA50DAB41753A" box="[600,823,1118,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Amami-ohshima Is.</collectorName>
(data described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8501C33BDD2AA50DACCD753A" author="Okajima, S." box="[1039,1211,1118,1144]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BDDEBA50EACFF75DE" collectingDate="2000-08-06" country="Vietnam" location="Sa Pa" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="21" specimenCount-female="13" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="Lao Cai" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDDEBA50EAD427535" bold="true" box="[1230,1332,1117,1143]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDDEBA50EAD427535" box="[1230,1332,1117,1143]" name="Vietnam" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8501C33BDC67A50DA88B75DE" country="Vietnam" name="Lao Cai" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Lao Cai Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68501C33BD82EA5D1A92675DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA967582:8EA4DFF68501C33BD82EA5D1A92675DE" box="[267,336,1154,1180]" country="Vietnam" name="Sa Pa" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Lao Cai">Sa Pa</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BD878A5D1A9AC75DE" box="[349,474,1154,1180]" count="13" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="female">13 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BDB30A5D1AA0775DE" box="[533,625,1154,1180]" count="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8501C33BDAFDA5D1AC2275DE" box="[984,1108,1154,1180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="2000-08-06">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058501C33BDAFDA5D1AC2275DE" box="[984,1108,1154,1180]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="2000-08-06">6.viii.2000</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708501C33BDDB3A5D2AAAA7582" collectingDate="1976-07-11" country="Thailand" elevation="1100" location="Doi Suthep" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BDDB3A5D2AD7575D9" bold="true" box="[1174,1283,1153,1179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8501C33BDDB3A5D2AD7575D9" box="[1174,1283,1153,1179]" name="Thailand" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68501C33BDC31A5D1ADEE75DE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8501C33BD9B2A1C4AA967582:8EA4DFF68501C33BDC31A5D1ADEE75DE" box="[1300,1432,1154,1180]" country="Thailand" name="Doi Suthep" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Doi Suthep</location>
,
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<elevation id="00566E1E8501C33BD9B2A5F5A8927582" box="[151,228,1190,1216]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48501C33BD839A5F5A91C7582" box="[284,362,1190,1216]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves,
<date id="FFC5AFED8501C33BDB0DA5F5AADF7582" box="[552,681,1190,1216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1976-07-11">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058501C33BDB0DA5F5AADF7582" box="[552,681,1190,1216]" pageId="9" pageNumber="31" value="1976-07-11">11.vii.1976</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

139
data/03/D2/38/03D2383B8501C33BD9B2A442AD017795.xml Normal file
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Okajima
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(
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,
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)
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9B2A429A9E374D0" box="[151,405,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Ecacanthothrips nigellus</emphasis>
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This species was described from northern
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based on
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, and is included in the
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-group. It is very similar to
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, but has the tibiae and antennal segments darker (
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). Moreover, antennal segments III and IV (
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) are heavier than those of
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, and segment III bears extraordinary dark and thick sense cones. The inner side of antennal segment III is distinctly swollen at basal half and segment IV has thicker basal stem. The basal width of this segment is almost as wide as the apical width in
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, though the stems of these segments are slender in
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, the basal width being much narrower than apical width. Unfortunately, the intraspecific variation of this species is not yet understood, because only two large females are known so far.
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8501C33BD9E2A7EEA9C17794" box="[199,439,1724,1751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="31">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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female (data described in
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D9B2A089AA1070B6" ID-CoL="38DJG" authority="Okajima" authorityName="Okajima" box="[151,614,474,501]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A089AA1070B6" bold="true" box="[151,614,474,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A089A98670B7" bold="true" box="[151,496,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Ecacanthothrips tenuicornis</emphasis>
Okajima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68502C338D9B2A0ACA9E1735B" box="[151,407,510,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8502C338D9B2A0ACA9E1735B" blockId="10.[151,614,474,537]" box="[151,407,510,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
(
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338D9BAA0ACA956735B" box="[159,288,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–28" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[190,1398,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 15–28. Ecacanthothrips and Hoplandrothrips species. E. tenuicornis 15–16: (15) female; (16) large male. E. tibialis 17–18: (17) female; (18) large male. H. adraneoides sp. n. 19–20: (19) female; (20) large male. H. aseanae sp. n. 21–23: (21) female; (22) small male; (23) large male. H. asianus sp. n. 24–25: (24) female; (25) male. H. basantratus sp. n. 26–27: (26) female; (27) large male. H. flavicornis sp. n.: (28) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211349/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Figs 15–16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338D809A0ACA9F9735B" box="[300,399,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 120–126" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@48.[286,1302,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 120–126. Ecacanthothrips tenuicornis. (120) Head and prothorax, female; (121) head and prothorax, large male; (122) antennal segments III–V, female; (123) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (124) metanotum and pelta, female; (125) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (126) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211381/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">120–126</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68502C338D9B2A310A90F7549" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8502C338D9B2A310AADE7319" blockId="10.[151,680,579,603]" box="[151,680,579,603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BAE038502C338D9B2A310AADE7319" box="[151,680,579,603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADAAF3C8502C338D9B2A310AAD27319" author="Okajima, S." box="[151,676,579,603]" page="65" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" year="1983">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D9B2A310AAD27319" ID-CoL="38DJG" authority="Okajima, 1983: 63 - 65" authorityName="Okajima" authorityPageNumber="63 - 65" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,676,579,603]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A310A9C17319" box="[151,439,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Ecacanthothrips tenuicornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8502C338D898A310AAD27319" author="Okajima, S." box="[445,676,579,603]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima, 1983: 63–65</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8502C338D9B2A3D9A90F7549" blockId="10.[151,1437,649,1324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D9B2A3D9A94E73E1" ID-CoL="38DJG" box="[151,312,650,675]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A3D9A94E73E1" box="[151,312,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">E. tenuicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from Luzon Is., the
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8502C338DA76A3DAABA773E1" box="[851,977,649,675]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Philippines</collectingCountry>
based on
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DD68A3DAAC9173E1" box="[1101,1255,649,675]" count="8" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="female">eight females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DC00A3DAADEA73E1" box="[1317,1436,649,675]" count="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
together with non-paratypic
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338D8C5A3FEAA0C7385" box="[480,634,685,711]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
taken from Mindanao Is. This species could well be included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D9B2A381A97F73A9" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,265,722,747]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A381A97F73A9" box="[151,265,722,747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group and is somewhat similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DBA1A382AAD873A9" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[644,686,721,747]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DBA1A382AAD873A9" box="[644,686,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although it has smaller body,
<quantity id="4C8324C88502C338DAD9A382AC0A73A9" box="[1020,1148,721,747]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.6mm</quantity>
in the female,
<quantity id="4C8324C88502C338DC38A382ADEA73A9" box="[1309,1436,721,747]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.2mm</quantity>
in the male. Moreover, the head of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DB32A3A5AAE3724D" ID-CoL="38DJG" box="[535,661,758,783]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DB32A3A5AAE3724D" box="[535,661,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">tenuicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338DB87A3A6AB26724D" box="[674,848,757,783]" captionStart="FIGURES 120–126" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@48.[286,1302,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 120–126. Ecacanthothrips tenuicornis. (120) Head and prothorax, female; (121) head and prothorax, large male; (122) antennal segments III–V, female; (123) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (124) metanotum and pelta, female; (125) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (126) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211381/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Figs 120 &amp; 121</figureCitation>
) is shorter, about 1.1 times as long as wide or shorter, although the head of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D8ADA24AA9C47271" ID-CoL="38DJ6" box="[392,434,793,819]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D8ADA24AA9C47271" box="[392,434,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338D8E4A24AAA2C7271" box="[449,602,793,819]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Figs 93 &amp; 94</figureCitation>
) is longer, usually 1.2–1.4 times as long as wide even in small female. In contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D833A26DA9FE7215" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[278,392,830,855]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D833A26DA9FE7215" box="[278,392,830,855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D8E5A26EAA627215" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[448,532,829,855]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D8E5A26EAA627215" box="[448,532,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the pronotal anteromarginal setae in this species are not elongate even in large males. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D85AA231A98B7239" ID-CoL="38DJG" box="[383,509,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D85AA231A98B7239" box="[383,509,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">tenuicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is apparently most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DA60A232ABB27239" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[837,964,865,891]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DA60A232ABB27239" box="[837,964,865,891]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above, but can be discriminated by the antennal structure mentioned in the key above. However, its intraspecific variation derived from allometric growth is not understood in detail. Females and males listed in the doubtful specimens collected from Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8502C338D9B2A29EA88872A5" box="[151,254,973,999]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8502C338D811A29EA9EE72A5" box="[308,408,973,999]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Thailand</collectingCountry>
are very similar to this species, but have somewhat larger bodies,
<quantity id="4C8324C88502C338DD58A29EAC8B72AA" box="[1149,1277,973,1000]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.9mm</quantity>
in female and 2.0–
<quantity id="4C8324C88502C338D9EDA2A2A9607549" box="[200,278,1009,1035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6mm</quantity>
in male.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68502C338D9E2A545AA377469" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8502C338D9E2A545ABA17511" blockId="10.[151,1437,649,1324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9E2A545A9CE756D" box="[199,440,1045,1072]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D89BA546A99B756D" bold="true" box="[446,493,1045,1071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">The</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708502C338D8D1A546AB1A756D" box="[500,876,1045,1072]" country="Philippines" location="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D8D1A546AA0C756D" bold="true" box="[500,634,1045,1071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8502C338D8D1A546AA0C756D" box="[500,634,1045,1071]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Philippines</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<typeStatus id="54C0378F8502C338DBADA546AA9C756D" box="[648,746,1045,1071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female and
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus id="54C0378F8502C338DA51A545ABA27572" box="[884,980,1046,1072]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
females and males from Luzon Is.; non-paratypic
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338D823A56AA9047511" box="[262,370,1081,1107]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
from Mindanao Is. (data described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8502C338DA05A56AABBC7511" author="Okajima, S." box="[800,970,1081,1107]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima, 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8502C338D9E2A50EAA377469" blockId="10.[151,1437,649,1324]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9E2A50EA9C67535" box="[199,432,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Doubtful specimens.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D89CA50EAAC77535" bold="true" box="[441,689,1117,1143]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8502C338DB61A50EAAC77535" box="[580,689,1117,1143]" name="Malaysia" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, about
<quantity id="4C8324C88502C338DA2FA50EAB3D7535" box="[778,843,1117,1143]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" unit="km" value="20.0">20km</quantity>
N from
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708502C338DA96A50EAA5875D9" collectingDate="1990-08-15" country="Malaysia" location="Templer Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8502C338DA96A50EAC2A753A" box="[947,1116,1117,1144]" country="Malaysia" name="Kuala Lumpur" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Kuala Lumpur</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68502C338DD4FA50EAD717535" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8502C338D9B2A089AA377469:8EA4DFF68502C338DD4FA50EAD717535" box="[1130,1287,1117,1143]" country="Malaysia" name="Templer Park" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">Templer Park</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DC33A50EAD047535" box="[1302,1394,1117,1143]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves,
<date id="FFC5AFED8502C338D80DA5D2A9C775DE" box="[296,433,1153,1180]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1990-08-15">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058502C338D80DA5D2A9C775DE" box="[296,433,1153,1180]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1990-08-15">15.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708502C338DB1CA5D2AADD75FD" collectingDate="1992-09" country="Thailand" location="Tone Sai" municipality="Is." pageId="10" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="5" stateProvince="Phuket">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DB1CA5D2AAD075D9" bold="true" box="[569,678,1153,1179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8502C338DB1CA5D2AAD075D9" box="[569,678,1153,1179]" name="Thailand" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8502C338DB90A5D2AB7575D9" box="[693,771,1153,1179]" country="Thailand" name="Phuket" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Phuket</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA013578502C338DA2FA5D1AB5175DE" box="[778,807,1154,1180]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Is.</collectingMunicipality>
, nr.
<location id="8EA4DFF68502C338DA72A5D1ABCC75D9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8502C338D9B2A089AA377469:8EA4DFF68502C338DA72A5D1ABCC75D9" box="[855,954,1153,1180]" country="Thailand" municipality="Is." name="Tone Sai" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Phuket">Tone Sai</location>
water fall,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DD1EA5D2ACD175D9" box="[1083,1191,1153,1179]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DDFAA5D2AD4E75D9" box="[1247,1336,1153,1180]" count="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches, 11–14,
<date id="FFC5AFED8502C338D8F1A5F6AA5A75FD" box="[468,556,1189,1215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1992-09">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058502C338D8F1A5F6AA5A75FD" box="[468,556,1189,1215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1992-09">ix.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708502C338DB9DA5F6AA5575A6" collectingDate="1992-09-14" country="Thailand" location="Rang Hill" municipality="Is." pageId="10" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Phuket">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8502C338DB9DA5F6AB7075FD" box="[696,774,1189,1215]" country="Thailand" name="Phuket" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Phuket</collectingRegion>
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA013578502C338DA2BA5F5AB5D7582" box="[782,811,1190,1216]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Is.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68502C338DA1CA5F5ABDC75FD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8502C338D9B2A089AA377469:8EA4DFF68502C338DA1CA5F5ABDC75FD" box="[825,938,1189,1216]" country="Thailand" municipality="Is." name="Rang Hill" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Phuket">Rang Hill</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DA92A5F6AC5275FD" box="[951,1060,1189,1215]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DD78A5F6ACC175FD" box="[1117,1207,1189,1215]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8502C338D82CA59AA9F575A1" box="[265,387,1225,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1992-09-14">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058502C338D82CA59AA9F575A1" box="[265,387,1225,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1992-09-14">14.ix.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO; nr
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708502C338DB0AA59AA9837445" collectingDate="1991-09-01" collectingDateMax="1992-08-24" collectingDateMin="1991-09-01" country="Thailand" location="Doi Pui" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8502C338DB0AA59AAAC175A1" box="[559,695,1225,1251]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
, foot of
<location id="8EA4DFF68502C338DA30A59AAB1875A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8502C338D9B2A089AA377469:8EA4DFF68502C338DA30A59AAB1875A1" box="[789,878,1225,1251]" country="Thailand" name="Doi Pui" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">Doi Pui</location>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DDE2A59AAD5675A1" box="[1223,1312,1225,1251]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8502C338DC0EA59AADEE75A1" box="[1323,1432,1225,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1991-09-01">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058502C338DC0EA59AADEE75A1" box="[1323,1432,1225,1251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1991-09-01">1.ix.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338D9B2A5BEA8937445" box="[151,229,1261,1287]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8502C338D9D5A5BEA90D7445" box="[240,379,1261,1287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1992-08-24">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058502C338D9D5A5BEA90D7445" box="[240,379,1261,1287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1992-08-24">24.viii.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO
</materialsCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8502C338DB24A5BEAAFF7445" box="[513,649,1261,1287]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
, farm of
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708502C338DBCBA5BEAA4B7469" collectingDate="1992-08-26" country="Thailand" location="University" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8502C338DBCBA5BEAB057445" box="[750,883,1261,1287]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EA4DFF68502C338DA5FA5BEAB877445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8502C338D9B2A089AA377469:8EA4DFF68502C338DA5FA5BEAB877445" box="[890,1009,1261,1287]" country="Thailand" name="University" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">University</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DAD9A5BEAC2B7445" box="[1020,1117,1261,1287]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48502C338DDB6A5BEAC9A7445" box="[1171,1260,1261,1287]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED8502C338D81DA442A9B47469" box="[312,450,1297,1323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1992-08-26">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058502C338D81DA442A9B47469" box="[312,450,1297,1323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" value="1992-08-26">26.viii.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

216
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA68502C338D9B2A42EAA3F74D5" box="[151,585,1405,1432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8502C338D9B2A42EAA3F74D5" blockId="10.[151,585,1405,1468]" box="[151,585,1405,1432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<heading id="D08C3E418502C338D9B2A42EAA3F74D5" bold="true" box="[151,585,1405,1432]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D9B2A42EAA3F74D5" ID-CoL="38DJJ" authority="(Ashmead)" baseAuthorityName="Ashmead" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[151,585,1405,1432]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A42EAA3F74D5" bold="true" box="[151,585,1405,1432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A42EA9CF74DA" bold="true" box="[151,441,1405,1432]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Ecacanthothrips tibialis</emphasis>
(Ashmead)
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</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68502C338D9B2A4F2A9E174FE" box="[151,407,1441,1468]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8502C338D9B2A4F2A9E174FE" blockId="10.[151,585,1405,1468]" box="[151,407,1441,1468]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
(
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338D9BAA4F2A95674F9" box="[159,288,1441,1467]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–28" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[190,1398,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 15–28. Ecacanthothrips and Hoplandrothrips species. E. tenuicornis 15–16: (15) female; (16) large male. E. tibialis 17–18: (17) female; (18) large male. H. adraneoides sp. n. 19–20: (19) female; (20) large male. H. aseanae sp. n. 21–23: (21) female; (22) small male; (23) large male. H. asianus sp. n. 24–25: (24) female; (25) male. H. basantratus sp. n. 26–27: (26) female; (27) large male. H. flavicornis sp. n.: (28) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211349/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Figs 17–18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338D809A4F2A9F974FE" box="[300,399,1441,1468]" captionStart="FIGURES 127–135" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-32@49.[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 127–135. Ecacanthothrips tibialis. (127) Head and prothorax, female; (128) head and prothorax, large male; (129) antennal segments III–V, female; (130) fore leg, female; (131) fore leg, large male; (132) metanotum and pelta, female; (133) hind femur, female; (134) sub-basal wing setae, female; (135) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211385/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">127–135</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8502C338D9B2A4B5AA5074BC" blockId="10.[151,550,1510,1534]" box="[151,550,1510,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BAE038502C338D9B2A4B5AA5074BC" box="[151,550,1510,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D9B2A4B5AA5474BC" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authority="Ashmead, 1905: 20" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,546,1510,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A4B5A92274BC" box="[151,340,1510,1534]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Idolothrips tibialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8502C338D87CA4B5AA5474BC" author="Ashmead, W. H." box="[345,546,1510,1534]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" refId="ref49036" refString="Ashmead, W. H. (1905) A new thrips from the Philippine Islands. Entomoloogical News, 16, 20." type="journal volume" year="1905">Ashmead, 1905: 20</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8502C339D9B2A77FAADD7197" blockId="10.[151,1437,1580,2039]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">
This species was described from Luzon Island, the
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8502C338DBC5A77FAB177704" box="[736,865,1580,1606]" name="Philippines" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, based on a single damaged female, and is widely distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions in the Old World. It exhibits highly confusing intraspecific variation which include not only size related variation but also geographical variation, and has more than 10 junior synonyms (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8502C338D83DA7CBAA5477F0" author="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[280,546,1688,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">Palmer &amp; Mound 1978</bibRefCitation>
). Especially, it has geographical variation between samples from different sites in the colour of tibiae and intermediate antennal segments (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8502C338DA13A7EFABAD7794" author="Okajima, S." box="[822,987,1724,1750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8502C338DACDA7EFAC877794" author="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[1000,1265,1724,1750]" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">Palmer &amp; Mound 1978</bibRefCitation>
). However, the structural characteristics of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D8F6A7B3AA5777B8" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[467,545,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D8F6A7B3AA5777B8" box="[467,545,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are relatively stable despite the size related variation, and it is not difficult to distinguish from two closely related species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DBABA657AAA0765C" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[654,726,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DBABA657AAA0765C" box="[654,726,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DA2EA657ABF0765C" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[779,902,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DA2EA657ABF0765C" box="[779,902,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DD26A657AC3D765C" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1027,1099,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DD26A657AC3D765C" box="[1027,1099,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DDA5A657AC8D765C" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[1152,1275,1796,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DDA5A657AC8D765C" box="[1152,1275,1796,1822]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have antennal segments III and IV yellowish (
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338D8DDA67BAA3A7601" box="[504,588,1832,1859]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Figs 58</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338DB55A67BAAF97600" box="[624,655,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–83" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@43.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 75–83. Ecacanthothrips claricornis. (75) fore leg, female; (76) head and prothorax, female; (77) head and prothorax, large male; (78) antenna, female; (79) antennal segments III–V, female; (80) metanotum and pelta, female; (81) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (82) hind femur, female; (83) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211363/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">78</figureCitation>
), the postocular cheek setae pointed in male, the mid and hind femora each with only one pale stout seta with blunt or dilated apex (
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338DA1CA61FABFB7624" box="[825,909,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Figs 62</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338DA8BA61FABBD7624" box="[942,971,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–83" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@43.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 75–83. Ecacanthothrips claricornis. (75) fore leg, female; (76) head and prothorax, female; (77) head and prothorax, large male; (78) antenna, female; (79) antennal segments III–V, female; (80) metanotum and pelta, female; (81) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (82) hind femur, female; (83) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211363/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">82</figureCitation>
) and the pelta bell-shaped (
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338DDDEA61FAD387624" box="[1275,1358,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Figs 60</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338DC55A61FADF97624" box="[1392,1423,1868,1894]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–83" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@43.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 75–83. Ecacanthothrips claricornis. (75) fore leg, female; (76) head and prothorax, female; (77) head and prothorax, large male; (78) antenna, female; (79) antennal segments III–V, female; (80) metanotum and pelta, female; (81) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (82) hind femur, female; (83) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211363/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">80</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338D9B2A623A89376C8" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,229,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338D9B2A623A89376C8" box="[151,229,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has antennal segments III and IV brownish (
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338DBF4A623AB4776C8" box="[721,817,1904,1930]" captionStart="FIGURES 127–135" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-32@49.[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 127–135. Ecacanthothrips tibialis. (127) Head and prothorax, female; (128) head and prothorax, large male; (129) antennal segments III–V, female; (130) fore leg, female; (131) fore leg, large male; (132) metanotum and pelta, female; (133) hind femur, female; (134) sub-basal wing setae, female; (135) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211385/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Fig. 129</figureCitation>
), the postocular cheek setae dilated in male, the mid and hind femora each with two or three (often four or more) dark and stout setae with blunt or pointed apices (
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338DC10A6C7ADE276EC" box="[1333,1428,1940,1966]" captionStart="FIGURES 127–135" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-32@49.[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 127–135. Ecacanthothrips tibialis. (127) Head and prothorax, female; (128) head and prothorax, large male; (129) antennal segments III–V, female; (130) fore leg, female; (131) fore leg, large male; (132) metanotum and pelta, female; (133) hind femur, female; (134) sub-basal wing setae, female; (135) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211385/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Fig. 133</figureCitation>
) and the pelta triangular (
<figureCitation id="134095A88502C338D88EA6EBAA787690" box="[427,526,1976,2002]" captionStart="FIGURES 127–135" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-32@49.[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 127–135. Ecacanthothrips tibialis. (127) Head and prothorax, female; (128) head and prothorax, large male; (129) antennal segments III–V, female; (130) fore leg, female; (131) fore leg, large male; (132) metanotum and pelta, female; (133) hind femur, female; (134) sub-basal wing setae, female; (135) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211385/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">Fig. 132</figureCitation>
). Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DBB8A6EBAA9D7690" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[669,747,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DBB8A6EBAA9D7690" box="[669,747,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has some differences from both
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DD7EA6EBACD57690" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1115,1187,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DD7EA6EBACD57690" box="[1115,1187,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DDFEA6EBAD207690" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[1243,1366,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DDFEA6EBAD207690" box="[1243,1366,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the variation associated with allometric growth. In large males,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8502C338DA1AA68FABFB76B4" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[831,909,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8502C338DA1AA68FABFB76B4" box="[831,909,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="32">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the pronotal anteromarginal setae reduced and a sub-apical inner tubercle on the fore tibia, whereas
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8503C339DA06A1C4AB1D71F3" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[803,875,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339DA06A1C4AB1D71F3" box="[803,875,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8503C339DA81A1C4AC6971F3" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[932,1055,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339DA81A1C4AC6971F3" box="[932,1055,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the pronotal anteromarginal setae elongate and no tibial sub-apical tubercle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68503C339D9E2A18CACA77003" pageId="11" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8503C339D9E2A18CACA77003" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339D9E2A18CA9C771BB" box="[199,433,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Specimens examined</emphasis>
(detailed data are omitted). Numerous females and males from the following localities:
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339D9B2A051A97A705E" bold="true" box="[151,268,258,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8503C339D9B2A051A97A705E" box="[151,268,258,284]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8503C339D807A050A922705F" box="[290,340,259,285]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Bali</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8503C339D843A050A9EC705F" box="[358,410,259,285]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Java</collectingRegion>
, Lombok,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8503C339DB05A050AAFC705F" box="[544,650,259,285]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339DB86A051ABE8705E" bold="true" box="[675,926,258,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8503C339DA14A051ABE8705E" box="[817,926,258,284]" name="Malaysia" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339DA91A051AC5B705E" bold="true" box="[948,1069,258,284]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8503C339DA91A051AC5B705E" box="[948,1069,258,284]" name="Singapore" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Singapore</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339DD67A050ACEF705F" bold="true" box="[1090,1177,259,285]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Borneo</emphasis>
(Kalimantan, Sabah);
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339D9B2A075A9727002" bold="true" box="[151,260,294,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8503C339D9B2A075A9727002" box="[151,260,294,320]" name="Thailand" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339D836A075A90F7002" bold="true" box="[275,377,294,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8503C339D836A075A90F7002" box="[275,377,294,320]" name="Vietnam" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339D8A2A074AA4C7002" bold="true" box="[391,570,294,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
the
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8503C339D891A075AA4C7002" box="[436,570,294,320]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Philippines</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(Mindanao, Luzon);
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339DA0CA075ABF77002" bold="true" box="[809,897,294,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8503C339DA0CA075ABF77002" box="[809,897,294,320]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F8503C339DAAAA074ABAE7003" bold="true" box="[911,984,295,321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8503C339DAAAA074ABAE7003" box="[911,984,295,321]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="33">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(the Ryukyu Islands).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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422
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CD9B2A338ABC373C6" bold="true" box="[151,949,618,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
Key to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CD9D4A339A9CD73C7" ID-CoL="62V8L" authority="Hood" authorityName="Hood" box="[241,443,618,645]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CD9D4A339A9CD73C7" bold="true" box="[241,443,618,645]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from Southeast Asia and
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8506C33CDA7CA339ABC373C6" box="[857,949,618,644]" name="Taiwan" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A3E3ADEA73A0" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A3E3ADEA7387" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" box="[151,1436,688,710]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A3E3ADEA7387" box="[151,1436,688,710]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">1. Antennal segment III with four or five sense cones........................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A39EADEA73A0" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" box="[151,1436,717,739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A39EADEA73A0" box="[151,1436,717,739]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">- Antennal segment III with two or three sense cones.......................................................... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A3B9ADEA725F" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A3B9ADEA73BD" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" box="[151,1436,746,768]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A3B9ADEA73BD" box="[151,1436,746,768]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
2. Antennal segment III with five (rarely six) sense cones.......................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDDF1A3B9ADEA73BD" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1236,1436,746,767]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinqueconus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDF1A3B9ADEA73BD" bold="true" box="[1236,1436,746,767]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDF1A3B9AD1673BD" bold="true" box="[1236,1376,746,767]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">quinqueconus</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448506C33CDC43A3B9ADEA73BD" box="[1382,1436,746,767]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A25BADEA725F" box="[151,1436,776,798]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">- Antennal segment III with four sense cones................................................................. 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A276ADEA72A8" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A276ADEA7237" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A276ADEA7237" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
3. Head 1.15–1.30 times as long as wide in both sexes, sculptured entirely with distinct polygonal reticulation; antennal segment III and V subequal in length, segment V without apical neck; pelta with rather slender lateral wings; tibiae yellow; small to medium sized species,
<quantity id="4C8324C88506C33CD89AA233AA5A7237" box="[447,556,864,885]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.7mm</quantity>
long...............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDC75A20CADEA7237" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1360,1436,863,885]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDC75A20CADEA7237" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,863,885]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">flavipes</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A22EADEA72A8" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A22EADEA72A8" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
- Head about 1.4–1.6 times as long as wide in female (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDBEBA22EAB5772D0" box="[718,801,893,915]" captionStart="FIGURES 187–196" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@56.[201,1387,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 187–196. Hoplandrothrips formosae sp. n. (187) Head and prothorax, female; (188) head and prothorax, large male; (189) antennal segments III–V, female; (190) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (191) fore leg, female; (192) fore leg, large male; (193) metanotum and pelta, female; (194) sub-basal wing setae, female; (195) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (196) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211407/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 187</figureCitation>
), 1.5–1.9 times in male (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDD23A22EAC2E72D0" box="[1030,1112,893,915]" captionStart="FIGURES 187–196" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@56.[201,1387,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 187–196. Hoplandrothrips formosae sp. n. (187) Head and prothorax, female; (188) head and prothorax, large male; (189) antennal segments III–V, female; (190) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (191) fore leg, female; (192) fore leg, large male; (193) metanotum and pelta, female; (194) sub-basal wing setae, female; (195) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (196) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211407/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 188</figureCitation>
), sculptured with fine reticulation, but reticles weaker behind posterior ocelli; antennal segment V longer than segment III, with distinct apical neck (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDC19A2C9ADE772ED" box="[1340,1425,922,944]" captionStart="FIGURES 187–196" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@56.[201,1387,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 187–196. Hoplandrothrips formosae sp. n. (187) Head and prothorax, female; (188) head and prothorax, large male; (189) antennal segments III–V, female; (190) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (191) fore leg, female; (192) fore leg, large male; (193) metanotum and pelta, female; (194) sub-basal wing setae, female; (195) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (196) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211407/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 189</figureCitation>
); pelta with rather thick lateral wings (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDB61A2EBAAE1728F" box="[580,663,952,974]" captionStart="FIGURES 187–196" captionStartId="56.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[201,1387,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@56.[201,1387,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURES 187–196. Hoplandrothrips formosae sp. n. (187) Head and prothorax, female; (188) head and prothorax, large male; (189) antennal segments III–V, female; (190) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (191) fore leg, female; (192) fore leg, large male; (193) metanotum and pelta, female; (194) sub-basal wing setae, female; (195) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (196) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211407" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211407/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 193</figureCitation>
); mid and hind tibiae brownish; large sized species,
<quantity id="4C8324C88506C33CDDA8A2EBAC8C728F" box="[1165,1274,952,973]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="3.55" valueMax="4.4" valueMin="2.7">2.7–4.4mm</quantity>
long................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDC21A286ADEA72A8" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1284,1436,981,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDC21A286AD1672A9" bold="true" box="[1284,1376,981,1003]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">formosae</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448506C33CDC43A286ADEA72A8" box="[1382,1436,981,1002]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A2A1ADEA751D" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A2A1ADEA7567" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A2A1ADEA7567" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">4. Head elongate, about 1.4 times as long as wide or longer, frequently with constriction just behind eyes; maxillary stylets rather short, retracted to basal 1/3–1/2 of head capsule, not reaching postocular setae..................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A57EADEA751D" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A57EADEA751D" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">- Head shorter than 1.3 times as long as wide, often as long as wide, without distinct constriction behind eyes; maxillary stylets usually retracted to eyes, at least reaching postocular setae..................................................... 8</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A534ADEA75FA" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A534ADEA75D9" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A534ADEA75D9" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
5. Prosternal basantra present (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CD8D6A53BAA3E753C" box="[499,584,1128,1150]" captionStart="FIGURES 161–169" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1758,1782]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-32@53.[160,1427,181,1734]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 161–169. Hoplandrothrips basantratus sp. n. (161) Head and prothorax, female; (162) antenna, female; (163) fore leg, female; (164) fore leg, large male; (165) metanotum, female; (166) pelta, female; (167) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (168) sub-basal wing setae, female; (169) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211397/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Figs 167</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDB42A53BAAF9753F" box="[615,655,1128,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">239</figureCitation>
); body bicoloured (yellow and brown), at least anterior abdominal segment paler than pterothorax...................................................................................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A5F0ADEA75FA" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" box="[151,1436,1186,1208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A5F0ADEA75FA" box="[151,1436,1186,1208]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
- Prosternal basantra absent (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CD8CFA5F1AA4B75F5" box="[490,573,1186,1208]" captionStart="FIGURES 197–204" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,181,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-32@57.[159,1427,181,1780]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 197–204. Hoplandrothrips graminicola sp. n. (197) Head and prothorax, female; (198) head and prothorax, large male; (199) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (200) metanotum, female; (201) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (202) pelta and abdominal tergite II, female; (203) sub-basal wing setae, female; (204) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211409/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 201</figureCitation>
); body uniformly brown to dark brown....................................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A593ADEA746F" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A593ADEA75B0" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A593ADEA75B0" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
6. Body largely yellow (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CD89EA593AA307597" box="[443,582,1216,1238]" captionStart="FIGURES 15–28" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[190,1398,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[190,1398,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 15–28. Ecacanthothrips and Hoplandrothrips species. E. tenuicornis 15–16: (15) female; (16) large male. E. tibialis 17–18: (17) female; (18) large male. H. adraneoides sp. n. 19–20: (19) female; (20) large male. H. aseanae sp. n. 21–23: (21) female; (22) small male; (23) large male. H. asianus sp. n. 24–25: (24) female; (25) male. H. basantratus sp. n. 26–27: (26) female; (27) large male. H. flavicornis sp. n.: (28) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211349" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211349/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Figs 26 &amp; 27</figureCitation>
); head, prothorax, abdominal segments II–VII and legs yellow; pterothorax brownish, abdominal segments VIII–IX and tube brown.................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDDC9A58FADEA75B0" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1260,1436,1244,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basantratus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDC9A58FADEA75B0" bold="true" box="[1260,1436,1244,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDC9A58FAD1675B0" bold="true" box="[1260,1376,1244,1266]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">basantratus</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448506C33CDC43A58EADEA75B0" box="[1382,1436,1245,1266]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A5A8ADEA746F" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A5A8ADEA746F" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
- Body largely brown to dark brown (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDB1FA5A9AACA744D" box="[570,700,1274,1296]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–55" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1884,1908]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,181,1860]" captionTargetId="figure-17@40.[178,1409,181,1860]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 43–55. Hoplandrothrips and Phlaeothrips species. H. samirseni comb. n. 43–44: (43) female; (44) large male. H. sapae sp. n. 45–47: (45) female; (46) small male; (47) large male. H. sulawesi sp. n. 48–50: (48) female; (49) large male; (50) small male. H. thailandicus sp. n.: (51) female. P. annamensis sp. n. 52–53: (52) small male; (53) large male. P. tonkinensis sp. n. 54–55: (54) female; (55) male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211355" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211355/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Figs 43 &amp; 44</figureCitation>
); abdominal segments II–VI yellow to brown, gradually darkened exteriorly, at least segments II–III yellowish, but these segments sometimes darker in male....................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDDFAA444ADEA746F" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Varatharajan, Singh &amp; Bala" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[1247,1436,1303,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samirseni" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDFAA444ADEA746F" bold="true" box="[1247,1436,1303,1325]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDFAA444AD49746E" bold="true" box="[1247,1343,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">samirseni</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448506C33CDC60A44BADEA746F" box="[1349,1436,1304,1325]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A466ADEA74E0" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A466ADEA7425" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A466ADEA7425" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
7. Antennal segment III yellow, about 2.0 times as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDA1AA466ABE27408" box="[831,916,1333,1355]" captionStart="FIGURES 170–176" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,182,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[282,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 170–176. Hoplandrothrips flavicornis sp. n., female. (170) Head and prothorax; (171) antenna; (172) antennal segments III–IV; (173) metanotum; (174) pelta; (175) sub-basal wing setae; (176) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211401/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 171</figureCitation>
); antennal segment VIII distinctly constricted at base, pedicellate; sub-basal wing setae S3 expanded (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDB89A401AA8B742A" box="[684,765,1362,1384]" captionStart="FIGURES 170–176" captionStartId="54.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,182,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@54.[282,1306,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="FIGURES 170–176. Hoplandrothrips flavicornis sp. n., female. (170) Head and prothorax; (171) antenna; (172) antennal segments III–IV; (173) metanotum; (174) pelta; (175) sub-basal wing setae; (176) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211401" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211401/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 175</figureCitation>
).........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDDD2A401ADEA7425" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1271,1436,1362,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavicornis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDD2A401ADEA7425" bold="true" box="[1271,1436,1362,1384]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDD2A401AD16742A" bold="true" box="[1271,1376,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">flavicornis</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448506C33CDC43A401ADEA7425" box="[1382,1436,1362,1383]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A423ADEA74E0" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A423ADEA74E0" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
- Antennal segment III brown with extreme base yellowish, 1.5–1.7 times as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDD7CA423ACD974C7" box="[1113,1199,1392,1414]" captionStart="FIGURES 197–204" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,181,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-32@57.[159,1427,181,1780]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 197–204. Hoplandrothrips graminicola sp. n. (197) Head and prothorax, female; (198) head and prothorax, large male; (199) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (200) metanotum, female; (201) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (202) pelta and abdominal tergite II, female; (203) sub-basal wing setae, female; (204) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211409/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 199</figureCitation>
); antennal segment VIII scarcely constricted at base; sub-basal wing setae S3 pointed, at least not distinctly expanded (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDD47A4DEACC574E0" box="[1122,1203,1421,1443]" captionStart="FIGURES 197–204" captionStartId="57.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,181,1780]" captionTargetId="figure-32@57.[159,1427,181,1780]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 197–204. Hoplandrothrips graminicola sp. n. (197) Head and prothorax, female; (198) head and prothorax, large male; (199) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (200) metanotum, female; (201) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (202) pelta and abdominal tergite II, female; (203) sub-basal wing setae, female; (204) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211409" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211409/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 203</figureCitation>
)...
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDDCDA4DFADEE74E0" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1256,1432,1420,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminicola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDCDA4DFADEA74E0" bold="true" box="[1256,1436,1420,1442]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDCDA4DFAD1674E0" bold="true" box="[1256,1376,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">graminicola</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448506C33CDC43A4DEADEA74E0" box="[1382,1436,1421,1442]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A4F9ADEA749F" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A4F9ADEA74FD" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" box="[151,1436,1450,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A4F9ADEA74FD" box="[151,1436,1450,1472]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">8. Body bicoloured brown and yellow, or largely yellow........................................................ 9</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A49BADEA749F" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" box="[151,1436,1480,1502]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A49BADEA749F" box="[151,1436,1480,1502]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">- Body uniformly brown to dark brown.................................................................... 11</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A4B6ADEA7777" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A4B6ADEA775A" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A4B6ADEA775A" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
9. Antennal segment III with two sense cones; body bicolourous, head and prothorax brown, at least darker than pterothorax and abdomen except for brown tube...................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDC65A751ADEA775A" ID-CoL="6MCGF" box="[1344,1436,1538,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloratus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDC65A751ADEA775A" bold="true" box="[1344,1436,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">coloratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A773ADEA7777" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" box="[151,1436,1568,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A773ADEA7777" box="[151,1436,1568,1590]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">- Antennal segment III with three sense cones; body largely yellow, head and thorax largely yellow.................... 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A76EADEA767F" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A76EADEA77E8" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A76EADEA77E8" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
10. Dorsal surface of head almost smooth (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDB7CA76EAADA7711" box="[601,684,1597,1619]" captionStart="FIGURES 136–143" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@50.[156,1432,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 136–143. Hoplandrothrips adraneoides sp. n. (136) Head and prothorax, female; (137) fore leg, female; (138) fore leg, small male; (139) fore leg, large male; (140) antennal segments II–VIII, female; (141) tube, female; (142) metanotum, female; (143) pelta, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211387/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 136</figureCitation>
); posterior ocelli not in contact with eyes; antennal segment VIII not distinctly constricted at base (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CD8BAA709A984772D" box="[415,498,1626,1648]" captionStart="FIGURES 136–143" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@50.[156,1432,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 136–143. Hoplandrothrips adraneoides sp. n. (136) Head and prothorax, female; (137) fore leg, female; (138) fore leg, small male; (139) fore leg, large male; (140) antennal segments II–VIII, female; (141) tube, female; (142) metanotum, female; (143) pelta, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211387/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 140</figureCitation>
); maxillary stylets retracted to eyes; fore tarsus with a small tooth in female (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDDF7A709AD50772D" box="[1234,1318,1626,1648]" captionStart="FIGURES 136–143" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@50.[156,1432,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 136–143. Hoplandrothrips adraneoides sp. n. (136) Head and prothorax, female; (137) fore leg, female; (138) fore leg, small male; (139) fore leg, large male; (140) antennal segments II–VIII, female; (141) tube, female; (142) metanotum, female; (143) pelta, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211387/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 137</figureCitation>
); fore femur and tibia unarmed even in large male (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDB7CA72BAAD877CF" box="[601,686,1656,1678]" captionStart="FIGURES 136–143" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-17@50.[156,1432,181,1835]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 136–143. Hoplandrothrips adraneoides sp. n. (136) Head and prothorax, female; (137) fore leg, female; (138) fore leg, small male; (139) fore leg, large male; (140) antennal segments II–VIII, female; (141) tube, female; (142) metanotum, female; (143) pelta, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211387/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 139</figureCitation>
); postocular setae about 1/2 length of eyes or shorter, rather close together in female; mesopresternum boat-shaped, not divided.............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDDCDA7C7ADEA77E8" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1256,1436,1684,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adraneoides" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDCDA7C7ADEA77E8" bold="true" box="[1256,1436,1684,1706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDDCDA7C7AD1677E8" bold="true" box="[1256,1376,1684,1706]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">adraneoides</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448506C33CDC43A7C6ADEA77E8" box="[1382,1436,1685,1706]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A7E0ADEA767F" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A7E0ADEA767F" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
- Dorsal surface of head fully sculptured with polygonal reticulation (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDA53A7E1ABBD7785" box="[886,971,1714,1736]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–153" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-32@51.[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144–153. Hoplandrothrips aseanae sp. n. (144) Head, female; (145) fore leg, female; (146) fore leg, small male; (147) fore leg, large male; (148) metanotum and pelta, female; (149) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (150) antenna, female; (151) antennal segments III–V, female; (152) sub-basal wing setae, female; (153) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211391/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 144</figureCitation>
), but very weak; posterior ocelli in contact with eyes; antennal segment VIII constricted at base, pedicellate (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDA0BA783ABF477A7" box="[814,898,1743,1766]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–153" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-32@51.[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144–153. Hoplandrothrips aseanae sp. n. (144) Head, female; (145) fore leg, female; (146) fore leg, small male; (147) fore leg, large male; (148) metanotum and pelta, female; (149) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (150) antenna, female; (151) antennal segments III–V, female; (152) sub-basal wing setae, female; (153) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211391/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 150</figureCitation>
); maxillary stylets retracted to postocular setae, usually not reaching eyes; fore tarsus unarmed in female (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDBEAA7BEAB697641" box="[719,799,1773,1795]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–153" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-32@51.[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144–153. Hoplandrothrips aseanae sp. n. (144) Head, female; (145) fore leg, female; (146) fore leg, small male; (147) fore leg, large male; (148) metanotum and pelta, female; (149) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (150) antenna, female; (151) antennal segments III–V, female; (152) sub-basal wing setae, female; (153) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211391/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig 145</figureCitation>
); fore femur and tibiae armed with inner apical tubercles at least in large male (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CD84BA659A9B5765D" box="[366,451,1802,1824]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–153" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-32@51.[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144–153. Hoplandrothrips aseanae sp. n. (144) Head, female; (145) fore leg, female; (146) fore leg, small male; (147) fore leg, large male; (148) metanotum and pelta, female; (149) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (150) antenna, female; (151) antennal segments III–V, female; (152) sub-basal wing setae, female; (153) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211391/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 147</figureCitation>
); postocular setae much longer than 1/2 length of eyes, not close together in female; mesopresternum divided into two lateral large triangles and a small median sclerite (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDA4DA67BABCC767F" box="[872,954,1832,1854]" captionStart="FIGURES 144–153" captionStartId="51.[151,264,1851,1875]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-32@51.[205,1382,181,1827]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="FIGURES 144–153. Hoplandrothrips aseanae sp. n. (144) Head, female; (145) fore leg, female; (146) fore leg, small male; (147) fore leg, large male; (148) metanotum and pelta, female; (149) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (150) antenna, female; (151) antennal segments III–V, female; (152) sub-basal wing setae, female; (153) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211391/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 149</figureCitation>
)...........................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDC35A67BADEA767F" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1296,1436,1832,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aseanae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDC35A67BADEA767F" bold="true" box="[1296,1436,1832,1853]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDC35A67BAD16767F" bold="true" box="[1296,1376,1832,1853]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">aseanae</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448506C33CDC43A67BADEA767F" box="[1382,1436,1832,1853]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A616ADEA7635" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A616ADEA7618" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" box="[151,1436,1861,1883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A616ADEA7618" box="[151,1436,1861,1883]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">11. Head almost as long as wide, with bulged cheeks........................................................... 12</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A630ADEA7635" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" box="[151,1436,1890,1912]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A630ADEA7635" box="[151,1436,1890,1912]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">- Head longer than 1.1 times as long as wide................................................................ 14</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888506C33CD9B2A6D3ADEA76AF" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A6D3ADEA76F0" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A6D3ADEA76F0" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
12. Antennal segment III slightly longer than segment IV (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDA28A6D3AB1076D7" box="[781,870,1919,1942]" captionStart="FIGURES 255–263" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@63.[187,1399,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 255–263. Hoplandrothrips sulawesi sp. n. (255) Head and prothorax, female; (256) head and prothorax, large male; (257) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (258) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (259) fore leg, female; (260) fore leg, large male; (261) metanotum and pelta, female; (262) tube, female; (263) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211427/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 257</figureCitation>
); cheeks finely tuberculate at least in female (
<figureCitation id="134095A88506C33CDC1CA6D3ADE476D7" box="[1337,1426,1919,1942]" captionStart="FIGURES 255–263" captionStartId="63.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[187,1399,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@63.[187,1399,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="FIGURES 255–263. Hoplandrothrips sulawesi sp. n. (255) Head and prothorax, female; (256) head and prothorax, large male; (257) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (258) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (259) fore leg, female; (260) fore leg, large male; (261) metanotum and pelta, female; (262) tube, female; (263) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211427/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">Fig. 255</figureCitation>
); abdominal sternite VIII without pore plate in male................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8506C33CDC29A6CFADEA76F0" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1292,1436,1948,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sulawesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDC29A6CFADEA76F0" bold="true" box="[1292,1436,1948,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8506C33CDC29A6CFAD1676F0" bold="true" box="[1292,1376,1948,1970]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">sulawesi</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448506C33CDC43A6CEADEA76F0" box="[1382,1436,1949,1970]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8506C33CD9B2A6E8ADEA76AF" blockId="14.[151,1437,688,2030]" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">
<keyLead id="308A2A188506C33CD9B2A6E8ADEA76AF" pageId="14" pageNumber="36">- Antennal segment III as long as segment IV, or shorter; cheeks serrate, not tuberculate; abdominal sternite VIII with a median weak pore plate in male............................................................................... 13</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F91888507C33DD9B2A1CBADEB7188" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8507C33DD9B2A1CBADEA71EF" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,643]" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<keyLead id="308A2A188507C33DD9B2A1CBADEA71EF" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
13. Ocellar region almost smooth, without reticulation; eyes slightly larger on ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDD6CA1C4AC9771EF" box="[1097,1249,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 177–186" captionStartId="55.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@55.[209,1378,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 177–186. Hoplandrothrips floresi sp. n. (177) Head and prothorax, female; (178) head and prothorax, male; (179) antennal segments III–IV, female; (180) antennal segments V–VIII, female; (181) metanotum and pelta, female; (182) fore leg, female; (183) fore leg, male; (184) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (185) sub-basal wing setae, female; (186) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211403" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211403/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Figs 177 &amp; 178</figureCitation>
)....
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8507C33DDC07A1C4ADEA71EF" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1314,1436,151,173]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floresi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8507C33DDC07A1C4ADEA71EF" bold="true" box="[1314,1436,151,173]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8507C33DDC07A1C4AD1771EF" bold="true" box="[1314,1377,151,173]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">floresi</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448507C33DDC43A1CBADEA71EF" box="[1382,1436,152,173]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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- Ocellar region distinctly sculptured with fine reticulation; eyes not larger on ventral surface (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDD79A1E6AC837189" box="[1116,1269,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURES 215–224" captionStartId="59.[151,262,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@59.[200,1387,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 215–224. Hoplandrothrips obesametae. (215) Head and prothorax, female;(216) head and prothorax, large male; (217) metanotum and pelta, female; (218) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (219) antenna, female; (220) antennal segments III–V, female; (221) fore leg, female; (222) fore leg, large male; (223) sub-basal wing setae, female; (224) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211415/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Figs 215 &amp; 216</figureCitation>
)....
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8507C33DDC0FA1E7ADEB7188" ID-CoL="3MJTN" box="[1322,1437,180,202]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesametae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8507C33DDC0FA1E7ADEB7188" bold="true" box="[1322,1437,180,202]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">obesametae</emphasis>
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<keyStep id="308F91888507C33DD9B2A181ADEA701F" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8507C33DD9B2A181ADEA7047" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<keyLead id="308A2A188507C33DD9B2A181ADEA7047" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
14. Mesopresternum boat-shaped, not divided (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDB5AA181AAA571A5" box="[639,723,210,232]" captionStart="FIGURES 205–214" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1403,181,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@58.[157,1429,181,1892]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 205–214. Hoplandrothrips laurencei sp. n. (205) Head and prothorax, female; (206) fore leg, female; (207) fore leg, male; (208) fore leg, large male; (209) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (210) metanotum, female; (211) pelta, female; (212) sub-basal wing setae, female; (213) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (214) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211411/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 209</figureCitation>
); head and pronotum smooth (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDAD4A181AC3371AA" box="[1009,1093,210,232]" captionStart="FIGURES 205–214" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1403,181,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@58.[157,1429,181,1892]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 205–214. Hoplandrothrips laurencei sp. n. (205) Head and prothorax, female; (206) fore leg, female; (207) fore leg, male; (208) fore leg, large male; (209) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (210) metanotum, female; (211) pelta, female; (212) sub-basal wing setae, female; (213) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (214) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211411/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 205</figureCitation>
); fore femur and tibia unarmed even in large male (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DD849A1BCA9B77047" box="[364,449,239,261]" captionStart="FIGURES 205–214" captionStartId="58.[151,264,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[157,1403,181,1892]" captionTargetId="figure-17@58.[157,1429,181,1892]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 205–214. Hoplandrothrips laurencei sp. n. (205) Head and prothorax, female; (206) fore leg, female; (207) fore leg, male; (208) fore leg, large male; (209) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (210) metanotum, female; (211) pelta, female; (212) sub-basal wing setae, female; (213) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (214) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211411" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211411/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 208</figureCitation>
); postocular setae rather close together in female..............................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8507C33DDC26A1BCADEA7047" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1283,1436,239,261]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laurencei" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8507C33DDC26A1BCAD167047" bold="true" box="[1283,1376,239,261]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">laurencei</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8507C33DD9B2A05EADEA701F" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
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- Mesopresternum divided into three plates, lateral two triangles and median small plate; head and pronotum sculptured with reticulation; fore femur and tibia armed with tubercles in large male (male of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8507C33DDAFDA079AC39707D" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[984,1103,298,319]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandicus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8507C33DDAFDA079AC39707D" box="[984,1103,298,319]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">thailandicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is unknown); postocular setae not close together in female............................................................................... 15
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<keyStep id="308F91888507C33DD9B2A036ADEA7091" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8507C33DD9B2A036ADEA70DA" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<keyLead id="308A2A188507C33DD9B2A036ADEA70DA" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
15. Antennal segment VIII distinctly constricted at base, pedicellate (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDA68A036ABD67039" box="[845,928,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 154–160" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,182,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[160,1427,181,1779]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 154–160. Hoplandrothrips asianus sp. n., female (154) Head and prothorax; (155) metanotum and pelta; (156) antenna; (157) antennal segments III–V; (158) prosternum and mesopresternum; (159) sub-basal wing setae, female; (160) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211395/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 156</figureCitation>
); all tibiae yellow; postocular setae much shorter than eyes (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DD83FA0D1A91A70DA" box="[282,364,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURES 154–160" captionStartId="52.[151,264,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,182,1779]" captionTargetId="figure-17@52.[160,1427,181,1779]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="FIGURES 154–160. Hoplandrothrips asianus sp. n., female (154) Head and prothorax; (155) metanotum and pelta; (156) antenna; (157) antennal segments III–V; (158) prosternum and mesopresternum; (159) sub-basal wing setae, female; (160) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211395" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211395/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 154</figureCitation>
).............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8507C33DDC31A0D1ADEA70DA" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1300,1436,386,408]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asianus" status="sp. nov.">
asianus
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8507C33DDC43A0D1ADE070D5" bold="true" box="[1382,1430,386,407]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">sp. n</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8507C33DD9B2A0F3ADEA7091" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<keyLead id="308A2A188507C33DD9B2A0F3ADEA7091" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
- Antennal segment VIII not constricted at base, cone-shaped (cf.
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDA64A0CCABE570F7" box="[833,915,415,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 244–254" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1501,1525]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-17@62.[156,1431,181,1477]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 244–254. Hoplandrothrips sapae sp. n. (244) Head, female; (245) head, male; (246) fore leg, female; (247) fore leg, small male; (248) fore leg, large male; (249) metanotum and pelta, female; (250) antennal segments III–IV, female; (251) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (252) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (253) sub-basal wing setae, female; (254) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211425/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 251</figureCitation>
); fore tibiae brownish, mid and hind tibiae dark brown, or at least brownish medially; postocular setae a little shorter than eyes.......................................... 16
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<keyStep id="308F91888507C33DD9B2A089ADEA73C0" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8507C33DD9B2A089ADEA7368" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<keyLead id="308A2A188507C33DD9B2A089ADEA7368" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
16. Head about 1.2 times as long as wide (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDB7EA089AA8E70B2" box="[603,760,474,496]" captionStart="FIGURES 244–254" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1501,1525]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-17@62.[156,1431,181,1477]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 244–254. Hoplandrothrips sapae sp. n. (244) Head, female; (245) head, male; (246) fore leg, female; (247) fore leg, small male; (248) fore leg, large male; (249) metanotum and pelta, female; (250) antennal segments III–IV, female; (251) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (252) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (253) sub-basal wing setae, female; (254) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211425/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Figs 244 &amp; 245</figureCitation>
); antennal segment III rather slender, longer than 2.0 times as long as wide, longer than segment IV (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDB30A0A4AA1D734F" box="[533,619,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURES 244–254" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1501,1525]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-17@62.[156,1431,181,1477]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 244–254. Hoplandrothrips sapae sp. n. (244) Head, female; (245) head, male; (246) fore leg, female; (247) fore leg, small male; (248) fore leg, large male; (249) metanotum and pelta, female; (250) antennal segments III–IV, female; (251) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (252) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (253) sub-basal wing setae, female; (254) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211425/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 250</figureCitation>
); mouth cone not reaching prospinasternum (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDD0CA0A4AC09734F" box="[1065,1151,503,525]" captionStart="FIGURES 244–254" captionStartId="62.[151,264,1501,1525]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-17@62.[156,1431,181,1477]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="FIGURES 244–254. Hoplandrothrips sapae sp. n. (244) Head, female; (245) head, male; (246) fore leg, female; (247) fore leg, small male; (248) fore leg, large male; (249) metanotum and pelta, female; (250) antennal segments III–IV, female; (251) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (252) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (253) sub-basal wing setae, female; (254) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211425/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 252</figureCitation>
); sense cones on segment III stouter, a little shorter than 1/2 length of the segment................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8507C33DDC0DA346ADEA7368" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1320,1436,533,554]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapae" status="sp. nov.">
sapae
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8507C33DDC43A346ADE07368" bold="true" box="[1382,1430,533,554]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">sp. n</emphasis>
.
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8507C33DD9B2A360ADEA73C0" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,643]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
<keyLead id="308A2A188507C33DD9B2A360ADEA73C0" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">
- Head about 1.1 times as long as wide, or shorter (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDB9FA361AB79730A" box="[698,783,562,584]" captionStart="FIGURES 264–270" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-17@64.[158,1430,181,1787]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 264–270. Hoplandrothrips thailandicus sp. n., female. (264) Head and prothorax; (265) antenna; (266) fore leg; (267) metanotum and pelta; (268) prosternum and mesopresternum; (269) sub-basal wing setae; (270) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211431/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 264</figureCitation>
); antennal segment III short and stout, shorter than 1.9 times as long as wide, almost as long as segment IV, or a little shorter (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDA33A31CAB1A7327" box="[790,876,591,613]" captionStart="FIGURES 264–270" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-17@64.[158,1430,181,1787]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 264–270. Hoplandrothrips thailandicus sp. n., female. (264) Head and prothorax; (265) antenna; (266) fore leg; (267) metanotum and pelta; (268) prosternum and mesopresternum; (269) sub-basal wing setae; (270) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211431/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 265</figureCitation>
); mouth cone reaching prospinasternum (
<figureCitation id="134095A88507C33DDC25A31CAD207327" box="[1280,1366,591,613]" captionStart="FIGURES 264–270" captionStartId="64.[151,264,1810,1834]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-17@64.[158,1430,181,1787]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURES 264–270. Hoplandrothrips thailandicus sp. n., female. (264) Head and prothorax; (265) antenna; (266) fore leg; (267) metanotum and pelta; (268) prosternum and mesopresternum; (269) sub-basal wing setae; (270) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211431/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">Fig. 268</figureCitation>
); sense cones on segment III stouter, a little longer than 1/2 length of the segment..........................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8507C33DDDC0A33FADEA73C0" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1253,1436,620,642]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thailandicus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8507C33DDDC0A33FAD1673C0" bold="true" box="[1253,1376,620,642]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="37">thailandicus</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE8448507C33DDC43A33EADEA73C0" box="[1382,1436,621,642]" pageId="15" pageNumber="37" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<mods:number id="19DF6F51D75CDEAD19D9EE24E2220504">2024-07-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="5DA6229ED9136191ED2042076F66E682" type="volume">
<mods:number id="AB8EA951282F9FAD714F4AE959A71A52">5489</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="5123A5A8AF72D9DA53F271FDE8E575BD">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5489.1.4</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BD7BE16585C4565D334D4831A2A2491C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FA43548A3A3CC4881A410C9669B1E63E" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5489.1.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2BF2B17392A26355A893D5D88C0FE180" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" box="[151,455,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" blockId="3.[151,455,402,429]" box="[151,455,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="D08C3E41850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" bold="true" box="[151,455,402,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[151,455,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A0C1A9B170EF" bold="true" box="[151,455,402,429]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A0C1A92970EF" bold="true" box="[151,351,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
Bagnall
</emphasis>
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</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850BC336D9B2A084AAF57003" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850BC331D9B2A084AAA9734C" blockId="3.[151,1436,471,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BAE03850BC331D9B2A084AAA9734C" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADAAF3C850BC331D9B2A084AA7870AD" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[151,526,471,495]" page="348" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" year="1909">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9B2A084AA7870AD" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall, 1909: 348" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityPageNumber="348" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,526,471,495]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A084A94870AD" box="[151,318,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331D863A084AA7870AD" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[326,526,471,495]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="348 - 352" refId="ref49110" refString="Bagnall, R. S. (1909) Synonymical notes; with a description of a new genus of Thysanoptera. Annals de la Societe entomologique de Belge, 52, 348 - 352." type="journal article" year="1909">Bagnall, 1909: 348</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
. Type-species:
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB8EA084AC7D70AD" ID-CoL="92D3" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityYear="1908" box="[683,1035,471,495]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Acanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB8EA084ABC270AD" box="[683,948,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Acanthothrips sanguineus</emphasis>
Bagnall
</taxonomicName>
(synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DDF8A084A951734C" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authority="Ashmead" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDF8A084ADEA70AD" box="[1245,1436,471,495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Idolothrips tibialis</emphasis>
Ashmead
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331D868A0A5AA37734C" author="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[333,577,502,526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">Palmer &amp; Mound, 1978</bibRefCitation>
), by monotypy.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850BC336D9B2A36FAAF57003" blockId="3.[151,1437,572,2039]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,1113]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D83FA36FA9A57314" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[282,467,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D83FA36FA9A57314" box="[282,467,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares most generic features with
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DA55A36FAC5D7314" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[880,1067,572,598]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DA55A36FAC5D7314" box="[880,1067,572,598]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and seems to be distinguished only by the larger number of sense cones on antennal segment III.
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DA87A333AC2D7338" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[930,1115,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DA87A333AC2D7338" box="[930,1115,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have more than six (usually more than 10) stout sense cones on the relatively enlarged antennal segment III (cf.
<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DD96A3D7AD6573DC" box="[1203,1299,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURES 111–119" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@47.[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 111–119. Ecacanthothrips nigellus, female. (111) fore leg; (112) head and prothorax; (113) antennal segments II– VIII; (114) antennal segment III, dorsal view; (115) antennal segment III, ventral view; (116) metanotum and pelta; (117) prosternum and mesopresternum; (118) sub-basal wing setae; (119) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 113</figureCitation>
), and this is the only autapomorphy mentioned for this genus. There is usually a larger number of sense cones on the ventral surface of the segment than on the dorsal surface. Two
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DA2AA39FABBE73A4" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[783,968,716,742]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DA2AA39FABBE73A4" box="[783,968,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DD4CA39EACDA73A5" box="[1129,1196,717,743]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD9CA39EAD3D73A4" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[1209,1355,717,742]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD9CA39EAD3D73A4" box="[1209,1355,717,742]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DCA1A39EA89D7248" ID-CoL="38DJ8" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DCA1A39EA89D7248" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, usually have about 10 sense cones (cf.
<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DB90A3A3AB607248" box="[693,790,752,778]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–110" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@46.[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 102–110. Ecacanthothrips moundi. (102) Head and prothorax, female; (103) head and prothorax, large male; (104) antennal segments III–IV, female; (105) metanotum, female; (106) pelta, female; (107) fore leg, large male; (108) fore leg, female; (109) sub-basal wing setae, female; (110) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211373/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
), but infrequently have six or seven sense cones in small individuals. In particular,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D892A246AA5D726C" ID-CoL="6DTLP" box="[439,555,789,814]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coniger">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D892A246AA5D726C" box="[439,555,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. coniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Borneo and Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DA56A247ABAC726C" box="[883,986,788,814]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
has more than 60 dark sense cones even in small individuals (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331D8ACA26BA9A87210" box="[393,478,824,850]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–92" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@44.[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 84–92. Ecacanthothrips coniger. (84) Head and prothorax, female; (85) fore leg, female; (86) head and prothorax, large male; (87) antenna, female; (88) antennal segments III–V, female; (89) metanotum and pelta, female; (90) sub-basal wing setae, female; (91) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (92) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211367/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
). In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB58A26BAB4E7210" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[637,824,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB58A26BAB4E7210" box="[637,824,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species usually have three rather slender sense cones on that segment. Even in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D8E0A20FAAF67234" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[453,640,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D8E0A20FAAF67234" box="[453,640,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, a widespread species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD23A20EACF47234" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1030,1154,860,886]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD23A20EACF47234" box="[1030,1154,860,886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">H. flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as well as four species described from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331D868A2D2A9FB72D9" box="[333,397,897,923]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Japan</collectingCountry>
and one new species described below from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DAB4A2D3AB9572D8" box="[913,995,896,922]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
have four rather stout sense cones on that segment. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D891A2F6AA6B72FC" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[436,541,932,958]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D891A2F6AA6B72FC" box="[436,541,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DB40A2F7AAA372FC" box="[613,725,932,958]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DA44A2F7ABBE72FC" box="[865,968,932,958]" name="Malaysia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DD24A2F7AC1372FC" box="[1025,1125,932,958]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Thailand</collectingCountry>
has four or five, but rarely two or three, sense cones on a rather slender segment III (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DA60A29BABEA72A1" box="[837,924,968,995]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
), although it is included undoubtedly in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9B2A2BFA8937544" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,229,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A2BFA8937544" box="[151,229,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D891A2BFAA1B7544" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[436,621,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D891A2BFAA1B7544" box="[436,621,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Members of this species-group include not only the widespread type-species of the genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D8AAA542A9887568" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[399,510,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D8AAA542A9887568" box="[399,510,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB54A542AB7B7568" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[625,781,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB54A542AB7B7568" box="[625,781,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DAA4A543AB897568" box="[897,1023,1040,1066]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850BC331DD1FA543ACD47568" box="[1082,1186,1040,1066]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331DD95A543AD567568" box="[1200,1312,1040,1066]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, all have a median tubercle on the inner margin of the fore femur in both sexes (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331DAB5A567AC43750C" author="Okajima, S." box="[912,1077,1076,1102]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DDC4A567A9457530" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinqueconus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDC4A567A9457530" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips quinqueconus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D818A50BA9F67530" bold="true" box="[317,384,1112,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE844850BC331D818A50BA9F67530" box="[317,384,1112,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850BC331D8EEA50BAA6B7530" box="[459,541,1112,1138]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
newly described below, unusually has five (rarely six) sense cones and may be closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D8ABA52EAA4E75D4" ID-CoL="6MCHH" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[398,568,1148,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D8ABA52EAA4E75D4" box="[398,568,1148,1174]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">H. ryukyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Ryukyu Islands. Therefore, the difference of sense cone number seems not to satisfactorily distinguish these two genera, and the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DAEDA5F3ACF775F8" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[968,1153,1184,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DAEDA5F3ACF775F8" box="[968,1153,1184,1210]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could well be treated as an Oriental species-group of the worldwide genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DBFBA597ABEF759C" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[734,921,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DBFBA597ABEF759C" box="[734,921,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as suggested by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331DD4DA597AD69759C" author="Okajima, S." box="[1128,1311,1220,1246]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima (2006)</bibRefCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DC08A597A9987464" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
However, there is an essential morphological difference in these sense cones on antennal segment III between
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DC14A5BBADEB7440" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1329,1437,1255,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DC14A5BBADEB7440" bold="true" box="[1329,1437,1255,1282]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9E9A458A9FB7464" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[204,397,1291,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9E9A458A9FB7464" bold="true" box="[204,397,1291,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</emphasis>
In
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB30A45EAA0B7464" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[533,637,1292,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB30A45EAA0B7464" box="[533,637,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the sense cones are comparatively small and all arise unusually on the ventral apex of the segment (see
<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DB3CA463AA287409" box="[537,606,1328,1355]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-32@37.[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Ecacanthothrips species. E. andrei 1–2: (1) female; (2) large male. E. brevicornis sp. n. 3–4: (3) female; (4) male. E. claricornis 5–6: (5) female; (6) large male. E. coniger 7–8: (7) female; (8) large male. E. leai 9–11: (9) female; (10) large male; (11) small male. E. moundi 12–13: (12) fmale; (13) large male. E. nigellus: (14) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211345/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
Fig.
<quantity id="4C8324C8850BC331DB75A463AA287409" box="[592,606,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="5.0">5</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331DBA2A463AB177408" author="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[647,865,1328,1354]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">
Palmer
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DBC5A462AB6A7408" box="[736,796,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
1978
</bibRefCitation>
), but those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD29A463ACB17408" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1036,1223,1328,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD29A463ACB17408" box="[1036,1223,1328,1354]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, including species with four or five sense cones on that segment, have the sense cones rather large and with one or two usually arising on the inner apex, and two, rarely one or three, on the outer apex of the segment. Frequently, the outer one is placed ventrally, but such a condition is widely found in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DA7BA4CFAC6474F4" ID-CoL="625XG" box="[862,1042,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phlaeothripidae</taxonomicName>
. Even in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD5EA4CEAC8374F4" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1147,1269,1436,1462]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD5EA4CEAC8374F4" box="[1147,1269,1436,1462]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">H. flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the formation of the four sense cones is not so different from ‘usual position’ as
<figureCitation id="134095A8850BC331DABCA493AC7D7498" box="[921,1035,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–110" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@46.[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 102–110. Ecacanthothrips moundi. (102) Head and prothorax, female; (103) head and prothorax, large male; (104) antennal segments III–IV, female; (105) metanotum, female; (106) pelta, female; (107) fore leg, large male; (108) fore leg, female; (109) sub-basal wing setae, female; (110) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211373/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Fig. 104A</figureCitation>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850BC331DD11A493AC9A7498" author="Okajima, S." box="[1076,1260,1472,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima (2006)</bibRefCitation>
. It appears that there is a qualitative difference between the sense cones, even if the number is the same or reversed. Thus, it might be interpreted that
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D856A75BAC2D7704" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">
the sense cones on antennal segment III of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DAAFA75BAB8F7760" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[906,1017,1543,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DAAFA75BAB8F7760" bold="true" box="[906,1017,1543,1570]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E. andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not homologous with those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9B2A778A92E7704" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[151,344,1579,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A778A92E7704" bold="true" box="[151,344,1579,1606]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, or at least no evidence is found that they are homologous.
</emphasis>
In comparative morphology, it is very important to verify structural homology by evaluating relative positional relationships. This qualitative difference could probably be explained by the fact that the common ancestor of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD3CA726ACF677CC" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1049,1152,1652,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD3CA726AC5C77CC" box="[1049,1066,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD1DA727ACF677CC" box="[1080,1152,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD92A726AD2777CC" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[1207,1361,1652,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD92A726ACBE77CC" box="[1207,1224,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDF3A727AD2777CC" box="[1238,1361,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had at least as many sense cones as in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB20A7CAAAD777F0" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[517,673,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB20A7CAAA6077F0" box="[517,534,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB03A7CBAAD777F0" box="[550,673,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which is undoubtedly most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DD95A7CAAD6F77F0" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1200,1305,1688,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DD95A7CAACB777F0" box="[1200,1217,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDF4A7CBAD6F77F0" box="[1233,1305,1688,1714]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, then those sense cones have been reduced in number in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DBABA7EEAA837794" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[654,757,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DBABA7EEAAE97794" box="[654,671,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB88A7EFAA837794" box="[685,757,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but not conspicuously changed in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DDA5A7EEAD6C7794" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[1152,1306,1724,1751]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDA5A7EEACE77794" box="[1152,1169,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DDBAA7EFAD6C7794" box="[1183,1306,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, these two genera,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D87BA7B3AA6177B8" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[350,535,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D87BA7B3AA6177B8" box="[350,535,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB6EA7B3AB7077B8" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[587,774,1760,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB6EA7B3AB7077B8" box="[587,774,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are both retained tentatively in the present study. However,
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9B2A657AB08765C" bold="true" box="[151,894,1796,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">this is only a temporary treatment and an arbitrary distortion.</emphasis>
Even if the homology of the sense cones in both genera is rejected, it will not immediately lead to a clear separation between these two genera and the relationship between them remains insufficiently clarified. In comparison with some of the synapomorphies shared by these two genera, the autapomorphy involving the sense cones of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DBDEA623ABC276C8" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[763,948,1904,1930]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DBDEA623ABC276C8" box="[763,948,1904,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presumably has only a limited phylogenetic significance. We consider that
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D8D7A6C7AADB76EC" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[498,685,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D8D7A6C7AADB76EC" box="[498,685,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be a synonym for
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DAF3A6C7ACF976EC" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[982,1167,1940,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DAF3A6C7ACF976EC" box="[982,1167,1940,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but there are problems with
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D9F7A6EBA9FB7690" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[210,397,1976,2002]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D9F7A6EBA9FB7690" box="[210,397,1976,2002]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that need to be resolved, so we will not express that formally at this time. One problem is the relationship between
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331D897A68FAA1B76B4" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[434,621,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331D897A68FAA1B76B4" box="[434,621,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850BC331DB80A68FAB4A76B4" ID-CoL="5KDW" authorityName="Hinds" authorityYear="1902" box="[677,828,2012,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Malacothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850BC331DB80A68FAB4A76B4" box="[677,828,2012,2038]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="25">Malacothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which might also be considered as a single genus, as discussed below under
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D887A1C4AA2B71F3" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[418,605,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D887A1C4AA2B71F3" box="[418,605,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DBCEA1C4ABD071F3" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[747,934,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DBCEA1C4ABD071F3" box="[747,934,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, includes at least 130 species, and repeated nomenclatural changes can cause taxonomic confusion. Incidentally,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DA85A1E8AC417197" ID-CoL="5KDW" authorityName="Hinds" authorityYear="1902" box="[928,1079,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Malacothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DA85A1E8AC417197" box="[928,1079,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Malacothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the oldest name among these three genera. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D8E1A18CAA0B71BB" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[452,637,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D8E1A18CAA0B71BB" box="[452,637,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to be sister group to the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD6CA18CADE571BB" ID-CoL="6MCHH" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1097,1427,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD6CA18CADE571BB" box="[1097,1427,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hoplandrothrips ryukyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- group (see below under
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D881A050AA6B705F" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[420,541,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D881A050AA6B705F" box="[420,541,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">H. flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and it is probably not so closely related to the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD10A050ACFA705F" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1077,1164,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD10A050ACFA705F" box="[1077,1164,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (see below under
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9B2A074A9557003" box="[151,291,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">H. coloratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) as was previously considered.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850CC336D9E2A018AABD751B" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9E2A018AD48721F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
Among the 11 described species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DB6FA018AAE47027" box="[586,658,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DB6FA018AAE47027" box="[586,658,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DB87A018AB6B7027" box="[674,797,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DB87A018AB6B7027" box="[674,797,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DA7DA018ABD07027" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[856,934,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DA7DA018ABD07027" box="[856,934,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DDB3A018AC927027" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1174,1252,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DDB3A018AC927027" box="[1174,1252,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, with the head rather longer, a median tubercle on the inner margin of fore femur in both sexes, and the fore coxa strongly extruded postero-externally in large males. Four species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DA3BA0C0ABE670EE" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[798,912,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DA3BA0C0ABE670EE" box="[798,912,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DABBA0C0ABBE70EF" box="[926,968,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leai">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DABBA0C0ABBE70EF" box="[926,968,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">leai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DAF2A0C0AC5D70EF" box="[983,1067,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DAF2A0C0AC5D70EF" box="[983,1067,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">moundi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD46A0C0ACCA70EF" box="[1123,1212,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigellus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD46A0C0ACCA70EF" box="[1123,1212,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">nigellus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9B2A0E4A97F7092" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,265,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9B2A0E4A97F7092" box="[151,265,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, with a rather long head and unarmed median inner margin of fore femur. Two species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DC65A0E4ADEA7092" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1344,1436,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC65A0E4ADEA7092" box="[1344,1436,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">spinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9EDA088A93070B6" box="[200,326,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9EDA088A93070B6" box="[200,326,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">tenuicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, may also be included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DBB3A088AB7E70B6" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[662,776,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DBB3A088AB7E70B6" box="[662,776,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, but the relationships of the remaining two species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9B2A0ACA89B735A" box="[151,237,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coniger">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9B2A0ACA89B735A" box="[151,237,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">coniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D806A0ACA90B735B" authorityName="Pelikan" authorityYear="2000" box="[291,381,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kolibaci">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D806A0ACA90B735B" box="[291,381,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">kolibaci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unclear. It is noticeable that in all species belonging to these two groups, most of the sense cones are on the ventral rather than the dorsal surface of antennal segment III.
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD0BA370ACD0737E" box="[1070,1190,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coniger">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD0BA370ACD0737E" box="[1070,1190,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">E. coniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is peculiar in having antennal segment III strongly distorted (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DB74A314AAD67323" box="[593,672,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–92" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@44.[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 84–92. Ecacanthothrips coniger. (84) Head and prothorax, female; (85) fore leg, female; (86) head and prothorax, large male; (87) antenna, female; (88) antennal segments III–V, female; (89) metanotum and pelta, female; (90) sub-basal wing setae, female; (91) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (92) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211367/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
) with numerous stout sense cones which are situated asymmetrically, biased antero-externally, also the mouth cone is extremely long and pointed (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DD2AA338AC1573C7" box="[1039,1123,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–92" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@44.[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 84–92. Ecacanthothrips coniger. (84) Head and prothorax, female; (85) fore leg, female; (86) head and prothorax, large male; (87) antenna, female; (88) antennal segments III–V, female; (89) metanotum and pelta, female; (90) sub-basal wing setae, female; (91) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (92) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211367/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
) and extending beyond the prospinasternum. However, most other character states are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DACBA3DCAC1673EA" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[1006,1120,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DACBA3DCAC1673EA" box="[1006,1120,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group.
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD92A3DCAD5873EB" authorityName="Pelikan" authorityYear="2000" box="[1207,1326,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kolibaci">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD92A3DCAD5873EB" box="[1207,1326,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">E. kolibaci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850CC336D9B2A3E0A969738F" box="[151,287,691,717]" count="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
from
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850CC336D847A3E0A9C9738F" box="[354,447,691,717]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850CC336D8EFA3E0AA66738F" box="[458,528,691,717]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">China</collectingCountry>
, has the head short and four stout sense cones on antennal segment III. According to the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850CC336D8EAA384AA1C73B3" author="Pelikan, J." box="[463,618,727,753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" pagination="297 - 300" refId="ref50654" refString="Pelikan, J. (2000) A new Ecacanthothrips Bagnall, 1909 from China (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno), 85, 297 - 300" type="journal article" year="2000">Pelikan 2000</bibRefCitation>
), most of these four thick sense cones are ventral on the large antennal segment III, and the species is here retained in this genus with some hesitation. The species has not been available for this study and further observations are needed. Especially in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DAADA24CAB8C727A" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[904,1018,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DAADA24CAB8C727A" box="[904,1018,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, each species shows confusing size related variation as well as geographical variation, and it is very difficult to discriminate each species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9E2A234AAEB72E7" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
In this paper, 12 Oriental
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D8C0A234AA8072C3" box="[485,758,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D8C0A234AAE872C3" box="[485,670,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are recognised in this genus, including
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD97A234AD2672C3" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1202,1360,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD97A234AD2672C3" box="[1202,1360,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">E. brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC73A234ADE072C3" bold="true" box="[1366,1430,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE844850CC336DC73A234ADE072C3" box="[1366,1430,871,897]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, here newly described from
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850CC336D8EFA2D8A98F72E7" box="[458,505,907,933]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Bali</collectingRegion>
Is.,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850CC336DB0DA2D8AAEF72E7" box="[552,665,907,933]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9E2A2FCAABD751B" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,1113]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9E2A2FCA936728A" box="[199,320,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Small to medium sized species, usually macropterous. Most features very similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9B2A280A92472AF" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[151,338,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9B2A280A92472AF" box="[151,338,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with the following differences: antennal segment III usually enlarged (not enlarged in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DC71A280ADEA72AF" box="[1364,1436,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC71A280ADEA72AF" box="[1364,1436,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9E3A2A4A9327553" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[198,324,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9E3A2A4A9327553" box="[198,324,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">brevicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), much wider than segment IV, with more than six sense cones (usually more than 10) and if fewer, then mostly on ventral apex of the segment; fore femur often with a median tubercle or tooth on inner surface in addition to a pair of apical tubercles in both sexes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A5F8AA617586" blockId="4.[151,752,1194,1257]" box="[151,535,1194,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<heading id="D08C3E41850CC336D9B2A5F8AA617586" bold="true" box="[151,535,1194,1221]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9B2A5F8AA617586" bold="true" box="[151,535,1194,1221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
Key to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D9D4A5F9A9CF7587" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[241,441,1194,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D9D4A5F9A9CF7587" bold="true" box="[241,441,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
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species
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850CC336D9B2A59CAA8675AB" box="[151,752,1231,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A59CAA8675AB" blockId="4.[151,752,1194,1257]" box="[151,752,1231,1257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
(*:
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D998A59CA94E75AA" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[189,312,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D998A59CA94E75AA" box="[189,312,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">E. spinipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336D84AA59CA99E75AB" authorityName="Pelikan" authorityYear="2000" box="[367,488,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kolibaci">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336D84AA59CA99E75AB" box="[367,488,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">E. kolibaci</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are based on literature)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850CC337D9B2A447ADEA73BA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" type="key">
<keyStep id="308F9188850CC336D9B2A447ADEA74C3" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A447ADEA7404" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A447ADEA7404" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
1. Fore femur with a median tubercle on inner margin in both sexes (cf.
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DAA0A447AC71746B" box="[901,1031,1299,1322]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Figs 56 &amp; 57</figureCitation>
), this tubercle present but scarcely visible even in very small female; fore coxa strongly extruded postero-externally in large male (
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DD11A462AC017404" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1076,1143,1329,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DD11A462AC017404" box="[1076,1143,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group)................. 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A41CADEA74C3" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A41CADEA74C3" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">- Fore femur with inner margin almost smooth or with a series of short stout setae on small tubercles; fore coxa not strongly extruded, at most weakly angulate in large male............................................................. 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F9188850CC336D9B2A4DAADEA7773" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A4DAADEB749B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A4DAADEB749B" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
2. Antennal segments III and IV brown (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DB6EA4DAAAE874DC" box="[587,670,1417,1439]" captionStart="FIGURES 127–135" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-32@49.[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 127–135. Ecacanthothrips tibialis. (127) Head and prothorax, female; (128) head and prothorax, large male; (129) antennal segments III–V, female; (130) fore leg, female; (131) fore leg, large male; (132) metanotum and pelta, female; (133) hind femur, female; (134) sub-basal wing setae, female; (135) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 129</figureCitation>
); mid and hind femora anterior margins each with 2–4 (or more) dark stout setae with blunt or pointed apices (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DB25A4F5AA2274F9" box="[512,596,1446,1468]" captionStart="FIGURES 127–135" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-32@49.[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 127–135. Ecacanthothrips tibialis. (127) Head and prothorax, female; (128) head and prothorax, large male; (129) antennal segments III–V, female; (130) fore leg, female; (131) fore leg, large male; (132) metanotum and pelta, female; (133) hind femur, female; (134) sub-basal wing setae, female; (135) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 133</figureCitation>
); pronotal am setae reduced, much shorter than aa in large male; fore tibia with a sub-apical inner tubercle in large male; pelta triangular (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DBF1A497AB50749B" box="[724,806,1476,1498]" captionStart="FIGURES 127–135" captionStartId="49.[151,264,1852,1876]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetId="figure-32@49.[162,1425,181,1828]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="FIGURES 127–135. Ecacanthothrips tibialis. (127) Head and prothorax, female; (128) head and prothorax, large male; (129) antennal segments III–V, female; (130) fore leg, female; (131) fore leg, large male; (132) metanotum and pelta, female; (133) hind femur, female; (134) sub-basal wing setae, female; (135) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211385/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 132</figureCitation>
)..............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DC7FA490ADEB749B" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1370,1437,1475,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC7FA490ADEB749B" bold="true" box="[1370,1437,1475,1497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A4B2ADEA7773" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A4B2ADEA7773" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
- Antennal segments III and IV largely yellowish; mid and hind femora anterior margins each with one pale stout seta with blunt or dilated apex (cf.
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336D8BCA4ADA9A97756" box="[409,479,1534,1556]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
); pronotal am setae elongate, longer than aa in large male; fore tibia without inner sub-apical tubercle even in large male; pelta bell-shaped (cf.
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DB4AA74FAAC27770" box="[623,692,1564,1586]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 60</figureCitation>
)............................................................ 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F9188850CC336D9B2A76AADEB77CB" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A76AADEA772E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A76AADEA772E" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
3. Antennal segment III slender, almost as wide as segment IV, usually with 4 or 5, sometimes 3, rarely 2, sense cones on ventral apex (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336D839A705A914772E" box="[284,354,1622,1644]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
)....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DC79A705ADEA772E" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1372,1436,1622,1644]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC79A705ADEA772E" bold="true" box="[1372,1436,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A727ADEB77CB" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" box="[151,1437,1651,1674]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A727ADEB77CB" box="[151,1437,1651,1674]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
- Antennal segment III heavy, much wider than segment IV, with more than 10 sense cones (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DD6FA727ACE677CB" box="[1098,1168,1652,1674]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–83" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@43.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 75–83. Ecacanthothrips claricornis. (75) fore leg, female; (76) head and prothorax, female; (77) head and prothorax, large male; (78) antenna, female; (79) antennal segments III–V, female; (80) metanotum and pelta, female; (81) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (82) hind femur, female; (83) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211363/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
)............
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DC17A720ADEB77CB" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[1330,1437,1651,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC17A720ADEB77CB" bold="true" box="[1330,1437,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F9188850CC336D9B2A7C2ADEA77BD" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A7C2ADEA7781" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A7C2ADEA7781" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
4. Fore femur with a row of short stout setae on small tubercles; mid and hind femora anterior margins with 5 or more stout setae with blunt or dilated apices; pelta widely triangular...................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DC65A7FDADE67781" ID-CoL="38DJF" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1908" box="[1344,1424,1710,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC65A7FDADE67781" bold="true" box="[1344,1424,1710,1731]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">spinipes</emphasis>
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*
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A79FADEA77BD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A79FADEA77BD" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">- Fore femur with inner margin almost smooth; mid and hind femora with 8 or more fine short setae with pointed apices; pelta usually bell-shaped.................................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="308F9188850CC336D9B2A655ADEA76D0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A655ADEB7614" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A655ADEB7614" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
5. Antennal segment III with more than 60 dark stout sense cones distributed asymmetrically on the segment, biased antero-externally (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336D871A677A9D6767B" box="[340,416,1828,1850]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–92" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@44.[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 84–92. Ecacanthothrips coniger. (84) Head and prothorax, female; (85) fore leg, female; (86) head and prothorax, large male; (87) antenna, female; (88) antennal segments III–V, female; (89) metanotum and pelta, female; (90) sub-basal wing setae, female; (91) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (92) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211367/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
); antennal segments IV and V with distinct apical neck; mouth cone rather long, extending beyond prospinasternum (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336D8AAA612A9A37614" box="[399,469,1857,1879]" captionStart="FIGURES 84–92" captionStartId="44.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@44.[201,1386,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURES 84–92. Ecacanthothrips coniger. (84) Head and prothorax, female; (85) fore leg, female; (86) head and prothorax, large male; (87) antenna, female; (88) antennal segments III–V, female; (89) metanotum and pelta, female; (90) sub-basal wing setae, female; (91) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (92) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211367/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
).........................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850CC336DC77A612ADEB7614" ID-CoL="6DTLP" box="[1362,1437,1857,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coniger">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DC77A612ADEB7614" bold="true" box="[1362,1437,1857,1878]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">coniger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A60CADEA76D0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A60CADEA76D0" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
- Antennal segment III with less than 20 sense cones; antennal segments IV and V without distinct apical neck; mouth cone shorter, scarcely reaching prospinasternum (cf.
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DB8CA62FAA9876D3" box="[681,750,1916,1938]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">Fig. 99</figureCitation>
)....................................................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D850CC336D9B2A6CAADEA76EC" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,2026]" box="[151,1436,1944,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
<keyLead id="308A2A18850CC336D9B2A6CAADEA76EC" box="[151,1436,1944,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">
6. Antennal segment III with four thick sense cones, most of which are on ventral apex of segment................
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*
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- Antennal segment III with more than 6 sense cones (
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<emphasis id="B90F553F850CC336DBF9A6E4AB4B768E" box="[732,829,1975,1996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">inarmatus</emphasis>
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-group)........................................... 7
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7. Head about 1.1 times as long as wide in both sexes (cf.
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&amp;
<figureCitation id="134095A8850CC336DA78A687ABF476AB" box="[861,898,2004,2025]" captionStart="FIGURES 120–126" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@48.[286,1302,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 120–126. Ecacanthothrips tenuicornis. (120) Head and prothorax, female; (121) head and prothorax, large male; (122) antennal segments III–V, female; (123) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (124) metanotum and pelta, female; (125) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (126) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211381/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="26">120</figureCitation>
)........................................... 8
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850DC337D9B2A1CBADEA71EF" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,760]" box="[151,1436,151,173]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
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- Head longer, 1.2–1.5 times as long as wide in female, 1.2–1.8 times in male (cf.
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337DAC3A1C4AC5B71EF" box="[998,1069,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Figs 93</figureCitation>
&amp;
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)....................... 9
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D850DC337D9B2A1E6ADEA7060" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
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8. Antenna short, shorter than 1.7 times as long as head in female, 1.9 times in male; segment VIII short, 2.1–2.3 times as long as wide, slightly constricted at base; segment III uniformly brown, swollen laterally, shorter than 1.4 times as long as wide, a little shorter than IV (
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); mouth cone not reaching prosternal ferna in female; mid and hind tibiae shaded with brown medially; fore wing paler, scarcely shaded medially.............................................
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D850DC337D9B2A078ADEA70D5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
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- Antenna longer, about 2.0 times as long as head in female, 2.1 times in male; segment VIII slender, 2.8–3.3 times as long as wide, distinctly constricted at base, pedicellate; segment III brown with yellowish base, straight-sided, longer than 1.6 times as long as wide, a little longer than IV (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337DB1BA036AAE77038" box="[574,657,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURES 120–126" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[286,1302,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@48.[286,1302,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 120–126. Ecacanthothrips tenuicornis. (120) Head and prothorax, female; (121) head and prothorax, large male; (122) antennal segments III–V, female; (123) antennal segments VI–VIII, female; (124) metanotum and pelta, female; (125) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (126) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211381/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Fig. 122</figureCitation>
); mouth cone extending beyond prosternal ferna; mid and hind tibiae yellow; fore wing shaded with brown........................................................................
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9. Mid and hind tibiae usually yellow, but sometimes brownish; head 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide in female, 1.2–1.4 times in male; cheeks distinctly constricted just behind eyes (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337DBFFA0EEAB2D7090" box="[730,859,445,467]" captionStart="FIGURES 93–101" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@45.[197,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 93–101. Ecacanthothrips leai. (93) Head and prothorax, female; (94) head and prothorax, large male; (95) antenna, female; (96) antennal segments III–IV, female; (97) metanotum and pelta, female; (98) metanotum and pelta, male; (99) prosternum and mesopresternum, male; (100) tube, female; (101) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211369/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Figs 93 &amp; 94</figureCitation>
)............................................
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- Mid and hind tibiae darker, if yellow, head longer than 1.3 times as long as wide in female, longer than 1.5 times in male; cheeks constricted behind eyes, but not distinct (cf.
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)....................................................... 10
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10. Sense cones on antennal segment III dark; inner margin of antennal segment III distinctly swollen at basal half; base of segment IV wider, almost as wide as apical width (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337DB51A361AB7C730A" box="[628,778,562,584]" captionStart="FIGURES 111–119" captionStartId="47.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@47.[220,1368,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURES 111–119. Ecacanthothrips nigellus, female. (111) fore leg; (112) head and prothorax; (113) antennal segments II– VIII; (114) antennal segment III, dorsal view; (115) antennal segment III, ventral view; (116) metanotum and pelta; (117) prosternum and mesopresternum; (118) sub-basal wing setae; (119) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211377/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Figs 114 &amp; 115</figureCitation>
)................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DC6BA361ADEB730A" ID-CoL="38DJ9" box="[1358,1437,562,584]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigellus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DC6BA361ADEB730A" bold="true" box="[1358,1437,562,584]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">nigellus</emphasis>
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- Sense cones on antennal segment III pale; inner margin of antennal segment III not swollen at basal half; base of segment IV narrower than apical width (cf.
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337DB35A33EAA1773C0" box="[528,609,621,643]" captionStart="FIGURES 102–110" captionStartId="46.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@46.[191,1395,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURES 102–110. Ecacanthothrips moundi. (102) Head and prothorax, female; (103) head and prothorax, large male; (104) antennal segments III–IV, female; (105) metanotum, female; (106) pelta, female; (107) fore leg, large male; (108) fore leg, female; (109) sub-basal wing setae, female; (110) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211373/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Fig. 104</figureCitation>
).................................................................. 11
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11. Head, prothorax and abdominal segments II to VI usually yellowish, a little paler than pterothorax; antennal segment III yellowish, much paler than segment II; hind tibiae dark brown, usually darker than femora....................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DC12A3F4ADEA73FE" ID-CoL="38DJ3" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1932" box="[1335,1436,679,700]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inarmatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DC12A3F4ADEA73FE" bold="true" box="[1335,1436,679,700]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">inarmatus</emphasis>
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- Body uniformly dark brown; antennal segment III dark brown, scarcely paler than segment II; hind tibiae brown to dark brown, almost concolourous with femora, or a little paler.......................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DC75A3B1ADEA73BA" ID-CoL="38DJ8" box="[1360,1436,738,760]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moundi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DC75A3B1ADEA73BA" bold="true" box="[1360,1436,738,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">moundi</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850DC337D9B2A219AAEF7227" box="[151,665,842,869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850DC337D9B2A219AAEF7227" blockId="5.[151,665,842,905]" box="[151,665,842,869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<heading id="D08C3E41850DC337D9B2A219AAEF7227" bold="true" box="[151,665,842,869]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337D9B2A219AAEF7227" ID-CoL="38DHQ" authority="Palmer &amp; Mound" authorityName="Palmer &amp; Mound" box="[151,665,842,869]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D9B2A219AAEF7227" bold="true" box="[151,665,842,869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D9B2A219A9C37227" bold="true" box="[151,437,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Ecacanthothrips andrei</emphasis>
Palmer &amp; Mound
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850DC337D9B2A23DA92972CB" box="[151,351,878,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850DC337D9B2A23DA92972CB" blockId="5.[151,665,842,905]" box="[151,351,878,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
(
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337D9BAA23DA97272CB" box="[159,260,878,905]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-32@37.[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Ecacanthothrips species. E. andrei 1–2: (1) female; (2) large male. E. brevicornis sp. n. 3–4: (3) female; (4) male. E. claricornis 5–6: (5) female; (6) large male. E. coniger 7–8: (7) female; (8) large male. E. leai 9–11: (9) female; (10) large male; (11) small male. E. moundi 12–13: (12) fmale; (13) large male. E. nigellus: (14) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211345/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337D835A23DA92172CB" box="[272,343,878,905]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">56–64</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850DC337D9B2A2E0ACB77486" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850DC337D9B2A2E0AA9C7289" blockId="5.[151,746,947,971]" box="[151,746,947,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BAE03850DC337D9B2A2E0AA9C7289" box="[151,746,947,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADAAF3C850DC337D9B2A2E0AA907289" author="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[151,742,947,971]" page="160" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" year="1978">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337D9B2A2E0AA907289" ID-CoL="38DHQ" authority="Palmer &amp; Mound, 1978: 158 - 160" authorityName="Palmer &amp; Mound" authorityPageNumber="158 - 160" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,742,947,971]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D9B2A2E0A9F07289" box="[151,390,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Ecacanthothrips andrei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850DC337D8A8A2E0AA907289" author="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[397,742,947,971]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="153 - 215" refId="ref50593" refString="Palmer, J. M. &amp; Mound, L. A. (1978) Nine genera of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 37, 153 - 215. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2242974]" type="journal article" year="1978">Palmer &amp; Mound, 1978: 158–160</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850DC337D9B2A2AAACB77486" blockId="5.[151,1437,1017,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
This species was described from Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850DC337DBAFA2AAAA877551" box="[650,753,1017,1043]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850DC337DA0DA2AAABEA7551" box="[808,924,1017,1043]" name="Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, and is included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DD84A2AAAC997551" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1185,1263,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DD84A2AAAC997551" box="[1185,1263,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850DC337DC6DA2AAA8947575" author="Pelikan, J." pageId="5" pageNumber="27" pagination="297 - 300" refId="ref50654" refString="Pelikan, J. (2000) A new Ecacanthothrips Bagnall, 1909 from China (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno), 85, 297 - 300" type="journal article" year="2000">Pelikan (2000)</bibRefCitation>
examined
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337D87AA54DA9AD7575" box="[351,475,1053,1080]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DB31A54DAA0D7575" box="[532,635,1053,1080]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
of this species collected from
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850DC337DAFDA54EAC4E7575" box="[984,1080,1053,1079]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850DC337DD61A54EACC27575" box="[1092,1204,1053,1079]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, but did not indicate detailed data. It is now recorded from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850DC337DB6FA512AAD87519" box="[586,686,1089,1115]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850DC337DBC2A512AB607519" box="[743,790,1089,1115]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Bali</collectingRegion>
Is.,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850DC337DA6DA512ABCE7519" box="[840,952,1089,1115]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, for the first time based on a good number of females and males. Although, two other members of the species-group,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DAFAA536AC2C753D" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[991,1114,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DAFAA536AC2C753D" box="[991,1114,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DDB7A536AC96753D" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1170,1248,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DDB7A536AC96753D" box="[1170,1248,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, have more than 10 sense cones (about
<quantity id="4C8324C8850DC337D8BFA5DAA9A375E1" box="[410,469,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="40.0">40 in</quantity>
maximum) on rather enlarged antennal segment III,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DD14A5DAAC0F75E1" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1073,1145,1161,1187]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DD14A5DAAC0F75E1" box="[1073,1145,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have usually four or five (often three, rarely two) sense cones on comparatively slender segment III (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337DAD1A5FEACE6758A" box="[1012,1168,1197,1224]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Figs 58 &amp; 59</figureCitation>
). Apparently, this sense cone number of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337D875A582A9EE75A9" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[336,408,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D875A582A9EE75A9" box="[336,408,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to recover a distinction between the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DACCA582ACD475A9" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[1001,1186,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DACCA582ACD475A9" box="[1001,1186,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DDFFA582ADE375A9" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1242,1429,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DDFFA582ADE375A9" box="[1242,1429,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, the sense cones of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337D8FFA5A6AA54744D" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[474,546,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D8FFA5A6AA54744D" box="[474,546,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seem not to be homologous with those of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DADFA5A6ACC3744D" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1018,1205,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DADFA5A6ACC3744D" box="[1018,1205,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species as discussed above, judging from their form and position. This condition of the slender antennal segment III with small number of sense cones in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337D87FA46EA9D47415" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[346,418,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D87FA46EA9D47415" box="[346,418,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337D894A46EAA74741A" box="[433,514,1341,1368]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Fig. 59</figureCitation>
) within
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DB7BA46EAB617415" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[606,791,1341,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DB7BA46EAB617415" box="[606,791,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could because it evolved from a species that had enlarged segment III with larger number of sense cones, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DA3EA432ABE07439" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[795,918,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DA3EA432ABE07439" box="[795,918,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337DA8DA432AB887439" box="[936,1022,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–83" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@43.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 75–83. Ecacanthothrips claricornis. (75) fore leg, female; (76) head and prothorax, female; (77) head and prothorax, large male; (78) antenna, female; (79) antennal segments III–V, female; (80) metanotum and pelta, female; (81) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (82) hind femur, female; (83) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211363/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
), but is now the result of secondary reduction during evolution. In essence, amongst the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DA0BA4D6AB9174DD" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[814,999,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DA0BA4D6AB9174DD" box="[814,999,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the condition of antennal segment and sense cones of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337D865A4FAA9FE7481" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[320,392,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D865A4FAA9FE7481" box="[320,392,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an autapomorphy, not a plesiomorphy inherited from
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DADAA4FAACCC7481" ID-CoL="62V8L" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1023,1210,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DADAA4FAACCC7481" box="[1023,1210,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850DC337D9E2A49EA9F5769D" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850DC337D9E2A49EAA1377DE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1017,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
Structural variation of this species is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DA7EA49EABDF74A5" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[859,937,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DA7EA49EABDF74A5" box="[859,937,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, it is mainly size related variation, and there is no conspicuous geographical variation. Similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DA6CA4A2ABB27749" box="[841,964,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DA6CA4A2ABB27749" box="[841,964,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DAF4A4A2AC6F7749" box="[977,1049,1521,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DAF4A4A2AC6F7749" box="[977,1049,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the pelta bell-shaped, only one stout seta with blunt or dilated apex on each mid and hind femur in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850DC337DD2CA746AC2A776D" box="[1033,1116,1557,1583]" captionStart="FIGURES 56–64" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@41.[202,1385,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 56–64. Ecacanthothrips andrei. (56) Head and prothorax, female; (57) head and prothorax, large male; (58) antenna, female; (59) antennal segments III–V, female; (60) metanotum and pelta, female; (61) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (62) hind femur, female; (63) sub-basal wing setae, female; (64) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211357" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211357/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
), and has the anteromarginal pronotal setae elongate, much longer than anteroangular setae in large male. In consequence,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DD8DA76AAC867711" box="[1192,1264,1593,1619]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DD8DA76AAC867711" box="[1192,1264,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is undoubtedly more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337D8B8A70EAA6E7735" box="[413,536,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D8B8A70EAA6E7735" box="[413,536,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DB56A70EAAB77735" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[627,705,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DB56A70EAAB77735" box="[627,705,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DA4DA70EABC67735" box="[872,944,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DA4DA70EABC67735" box="[872,944,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DAC3A70EAC177735" box="[998,1121,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DAC3A70EAC177735" box="[998,1121,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have allopatric distribution, although both are sympatric with
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850DC337DB35A7D2AA2877D9" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[528,606,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DB35A7D2AA2877D9" box="[528,606,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850DC337D9E2A7F5A9F5769D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1017,2016]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D9E2A7F5A9CF77FD" box="[199,441,1701,1728]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850DC337D8E7A7F6AC9977FD" box="[450,1263,1701,1728]" collectingDate="1976-07-26" collectingDateMax="1990-08-28" collectingDateMin="1976-07-26" collectorName="Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata" country="Malaysia" county="Tapah" location="Robinson" municipality="Templer Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="66" specimenCount-female="38" specimenCount-male="28" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D8E7A7F6AA3577FD" bold="true" box="[450,579,1701,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Peninsular</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DB69A7F6AACF77FD" bold="true" box="[588,697,1701,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850DC337DB69A7F6AACF77FD" box="[588,697,1701,1727]" name="Malaysia" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingCounty id="62A5F1A1850DC337DBEDA7F6AB7977FD" box="[712,783,1701,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Tapah</collectingCounty>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DA39A7F6AB1B77FD" box="[796,877,1701,1727]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves,
<date id="FFC5AFED850DC337DD16A7F6ACC377FD" box="[1075,1205,1701,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1976-07-26">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850DC337DD16A7F6ACC377FD" box="[1075,1205,1701,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1976-07-26">26.vii.1976</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850DC337DDDDA7F6AD5977A1" collectingDate="1976-07-26" collectingDateMax="1990-08-28" collectingDateMin="1976-07-26" collectorName="Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata" country="Malaysia" county="Tapah" location="Robinson" municipality="Templer Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="66" specimenCount-female="38" specimenCount-male="28" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
about
<quantity id="4C8324C8850DC337DC1AA7F6AD0977FD" box="[1343,1407,1701,1727]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" unit="km" value="20.0">
<locationDeviation id="9A76900F850DC337DC1AA7F6AD0977FD" box="[1343,1407,1701,1727]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" unit="km" value="20.0">20km</locationDeviation>
</quantity>
N from Kuala Lumpur,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA01357850DC337D8A1A79AAA6877A1" box="[388,542,1737,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Templer Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DB0CA79AAAD577A1" box="[553,675,1737,1763]" count="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">37 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DBFCA79AAB3677A1" box="[729,832,1737,1763]" count="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="male">27 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves,
<date id="FFC5AFED850DC337DAD8A79AACC677A6" box="[1021,1200,1737,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1990-08-11" valueMax="1990-08-15" valueMin="1990-08-11">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850DC337DAD8A79AACC677A6" box="[1021,1200,1737,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1990-08-11" valueMax="1990-08-15" valueMin="1990-08-11">11–15.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850DC337DC13A79AADEE7645" collectingDate="1976-07-26" collectingDateMax="1990-08-28" collectingDateMin="1976-07-26" collectorName="Cameron Highland &amp; Tanah Rata" country="Malaysia" county="Tapah" location="Robinson" municipality="Templer Park" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="66" specimenCount-female="38" specimenCount-male="28" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">
<collectorName id="268EECFB850DC337DC13A79AA9747645" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Cameron Highland</collectorName>
, nr.
<collectorName id="268EECFB850DC337D813A7BEA9CC764A" box="[310,442,1773,1800]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Tanah Rata</collectorName>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF6850DC337D8EDA7BEAA457645" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850DC337D9B2A219A9F5769D:8EA4DFF6850DC337D8EDA7BEAA457645" box="[456,563,1773,1799]" country="Malaysia" county="Tapah" municipality="Templer Park" name="Robinson" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Kuala Lumpur">Robinson</location>
water fall,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DB9EA7BEAB547645" box="[699,802,1773,1799]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED850DC337DDAEA7BEAD637645" box="[1163,1301,1773,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1990-08-28">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850DC337DDAEA7BEAD637645" box="[1163,1301,1773,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1990-08-28">28.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850DC337D9B2A642ADEE7669" box="[151,1432,1809,1836]" collectingDate="1990-08-07" collectorName="Palmae" country="Singapore" location="Macritchie Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D9B2A642A9667669" bold="true" box="[151,272,1809,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850DC337D9B2A642A9667669" box="[151,272,1809,1835]" name="Singapore" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Singapore</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF6850DC337D83BA642A9A5766E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850DC337D9B2A219A9F5769D:8EA4DFF6850DC337D83BA642A9A5766E" box="[286,467,1809,1836]" country="Singapore" name="Macritchie Res." pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Macritchie Res.</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337D8FAA642AA357669" box="[479,579,1809,1835]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, on dead
<collectorName id="268EECFB850DC337DB8BA642AB767669" box="[686,768,1809,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Palmae</collectorName>
fronds,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DA7BA642ABB57669" box="[862,963,1809,1835]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, on dead branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED850DC337DD85A642AD6A7669" box="[1184,1308,1809,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1990-08-07">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850DC337DD85A642AD6A7669" box="[1184,1308,1809,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1990-08-07">7.viii.1990</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850DC337D9B2A666ACB2760D" box="[151,1220,1845,1872]" collectingDate="2005-09-03" country="Indonesia" county="Is." location="Bengkel" municipality="Tabanan" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Bali">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337D9B2A666A97A760D" bold="true" box="[151,268,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850DC337D9B2A666A97A760D" box="[151,268,1845,1871]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850DC337D83CA666A93E760D" box="[281,328,1845,1871]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Bali</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="62A5F1A1850DC337D868A665A91C7612" box="[333,362,1846,1872]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Is.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA01357850DC337D850A666A9A0760D" box="[373,470,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Tabanan</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF6850DC337D8C4A666AA37760D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850DC337D9B2A219A9F5769D:8EA4DFF6850DC337D8C4A666AA37760D" box="[481,577,1845,1871]" country="Indonesia" county="Is." municipality="Tabanan" name="Bengkel" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Bali">Bengkel</location>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF6850DC337DB6EA665AB6C760D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850DC337D9B2A219A9F5769D:8EA4DFF6850DC337DB6EA665AB6C760D" box="[587,794,1845,1872]" country="Indonesia" county="Is." municipality="Tabanan" name="Pura Batu Selahan" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Bali">Pura Batu Selahan</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DA01A666ABF9760D" box="[804,911,1845,1871]" count="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DAE1A666AC6A760D" box="[964,1052,1845,1871]" count="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED850DC337DD03A666ACE47612" box="[1062,1170,1845,1872]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="2005-09-03">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850DC337DD03A666ACE47612" box="[1062,1170,1845,1872]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="2005-09-03">3.ix.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850DC337DDEBA666AC0E7631" collectingDate="1991-08-23" collectingDateMax="1992-09-14" collectingDateMin="1991-08-23" country="Thailand" county="Rang Hill" location="Mae Sa" municipality="Tonesai" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="55" specimenCount-female="31" specimenCount-male="24" stateProvince="Phuket">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850DC337DDEBA666AD4D760D" bold="true" box="[1230,1339,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850DC337DDEBA666AD4D760D" box="[1230,1339,1845,1871]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850DC337DC62A666ADEE760D" box="[1351,1432,1845,1871]" country="Thailand" name="Phuket" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Phuket</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62A5F1A1850DC337D9B2A609A97E7631" box="[151,264,1881,1908]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Rang Hill</collectingCounty>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337D831A60AA9F97631" box="[276,399,1881,1907]" count="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337D8E3A60AAA567631" box="[454,544,1881,1907]" count="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED850DC337DA59A60AAB807631" box="[892,1014,1881,1907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1992-09-14">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850DC337DA59A60AAB807631" box="[892,1014,1881,1907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1992-09-14">14.ix.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850DC337DD5AA60AAB3376D5" collectingDate="1991-08-23" collectingDateMax="1992-09-14" collectingDateMin="1991-08-23" country="Thailand" county="Rang Hill" location="Mae Sa" municipality="Tonesai" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="55" specimenCount-female="31" specimenCount-male="24" stateProvince="Phuket">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850DC337DD5AA60AACA67631" box="[1151,1232,1881,1907]" country="Thailand" name="Phuket" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Phuket</collectingRegion>
, nr.
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA01357850DC337DC25A60AAD217631" box="[1280,1367,1881,1907]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Tonesai</collectingMunicipality>
water fall,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337D9EFA62EA95C76D5" box="[202,298,1917,1943]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337D87BA62EA9DD76D5" box="[350,427,1917,1943]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on bamboo,
<date id="FFC5AFED850DC337DB1AA62EAABF76D5" box="[575,713,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1991-08-23">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850DC337DB1AA62EAABF76D5" box="[575,713,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1991-08-23">23.viii.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO,
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850DC337DA6EA62DAADC76F9" collectingDate="1991-08-23" collectingDateMax="1992-09-14" collectingDateMin="1991-08-23" country="Thailand" county="Rang Hill" location="Mae Sa" municipality="Tonesai" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="55" specimenCount-female="31" specimenCount-male="24" stateProvince="Phuket">
same locality above,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DD10A62EACD876D5" box="[1077,1198,1917,1944]" count="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">15 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DDC6A62EAD4D76D5" box="[1251,1339,1917,1943]" count="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED850DC337D8A3A6F2AA5F76F9" box="[390,553,1953,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1992-09-11" valueMax="1992-09-12" valueMin="1992-09-11">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850DC337D8A3A6F2AA5F76F9" box="[390,553,1953,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1992-09-11" valueMax="1992-09-12" valueMin="1992-09-11">11–12.ix.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850DC337DB95A6F1A909769D" collectingDate="1991-08-23" collectingDateMax="1992-09-14" collectingDateMin="1991-08-23" country="Thailand" county="Rang Hill" location="Mae Sa" municipality="Tonesai" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="55" specimenCount-female="31" specimenCount-male="24" stateProvince="Phuket">
nr.
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850DC337DBF1A6F2AB2A76F9" box="[724,860,1953,1979]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="5" pageNumber="27">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF6850DC337DA4DA6F1ABC976F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850DC337D9B2A219A9F5769D:8EA4DFF6850DC337DA4DA6F1ABC976F9" box="[872,959,1953,1980]" country="Thailand" county="Rang Hill" municipality="Tonesai" name="Mae Sa" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" stateProvince="Phuket">Mae Sa</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DAEEA6F2AC4176F9" box="[971,1079,1953,1979]" count="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850DC337DD4BA6F2ACB176F9" box="[1134,1223,1953,1979]" count="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
, on dead branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED850DC337D9B2A696A975769D" box="[151,259,1989,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1992-09-06">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850DC337D9B2A696A975769D" box="[151,259,1989,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="27" value="1992-09-06">6.ix.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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<mods:title id="F977E49A205E7026680F2BEC8BC1B302">The genus Hoplandrothrips and its relatives (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Southeast Asia and Taiwan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8472071FC8ED1FE3317120E13441B8A9">Okajima, Shûji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D9B6EC3E7EAE60CDD8E19C261C966D08">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="01A03264B4286CD01DB5735805A8C07B">Masumoto, Masami</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8463A52B7D2442B1769985E18B7F8965">Laboratory of Entomology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243 - 0034 Japan.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D850EC334D9B2A647AA16766C" blockId="6.[151,608,1812,1875]" box="[151,608,1812,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
<heading id="D08C3E41850EC334D9B2A647AA16766C" bold="true" box="[151,608,1812,1839]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850EC334D9B2A647AA16766C" ID-CoL="38DHT" authority="Okajima" authorityName="Okajima" box="[151,608,1812,1839]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850EC334D9B2A647AA16766C" bold="true" box="[151,608,1812,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850EC334D9B2A647A99F766D" bold="true" box="[151,489,1812,1839]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Ecacanthothrips claricornis</emphasis>
Okajima
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850EC334D9B2A66BA9297611" box="[151,351,1848,1875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850EC334D9B2A66BA9297611" blockId="6.[151,608,1812,1875]" box="[151,351,1848,1875]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
(
<figureCitation id="134095A8850EC334D9BAA66BA9727611" box="[159,260,1848,1875]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–14" captionStartId="37.[151,264,1867,1891]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetId="figure-32@37.[158,1430,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURES 1–14. Ecacanthothrips species. E. andrei 1–2: (1) female; (2) large male. E. brevicornis sp. n. 3–4: (3) female; (4) male. E. claricornis 5–6: (5) female; (6) large male. E. coniger 7–8: (7) female; (8) large male. E. leai 9–11: (9) female; (10) large male; (11) small male. E. moundi 12–13: (12) fmale; (13) large male. E. nigellus: (14) female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211345/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134095A8850EC334D835A66BA9217611" box="[272,343,1848,1875]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–83" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@43.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 75–83. Ecacanthothrips claricornis. (75) fore leg, female; (76) head and prothorax, female; (77) head and prothorax, large male; (78) antenna, female; (79) antennal segments III–V, female; (80) metanotum and pelta, female; (81) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (82) hind femur, female; (83) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211363/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">75–83</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D850EC334D9B2A62AAAD376D3" blockId="6.[151,677,1913,1937]" box="[151,677,1913,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BAE03850EC334D9B2A62AAAD376D3" box="[151,677,1913,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADAAF3C850EC334D9B2A62AAAD776D3" author="Okajima, S." box="[151,673,1913,1937]" page="59" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" year="1983">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850EC334D9B2A62AAAD776D3" ID-CoL="38DHT" authority="Okajima, 1983: 57 - 59" authorityName="Okajima" authorityPageNumber="57 - 59" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,673,1913,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850EC334D9B2A62AA9C276D3" box="[151,436,1913,1937]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">Ecacanthothrips claricornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850EC334D89FA62AAAD776D3" author="Okajima, S." box="[442,673,1913,1937]" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima, 1983: 57–59</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850EC334D9B2A6EFA9437697" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[151,309,1979,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850EC334D9B2A6EFA9437697" box="[151,309,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">E. claricornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described based on
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850EC334DB78A6E8AAAD7697" box="[605,731,1979,2005]" count="17" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="female">17 females</specimenCount>
and
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collected from Mindanao Is., the
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, together with non-paratypic
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850EC334D8F3A68CAA1A76BB" box="[470,620,2015,2041]" count="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850EC334DB86A68CAB6076BB" box="[675,790,2015,2041]" count="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" type="male">five males</specimenCount>
from Luzon Is., and is included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850EC334DDEEA68CAD6F76BB" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[1227,1305,2015,2041]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850EC334DDEEA68CAD6F76BB" box="[1227,1305,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="28">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group. It is newly recorded here from Central and
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850FC335DB66A1C4AA8571F3" box="[579,755,151,177]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Selatan" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">South Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
,
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, based on a long series of females and males listed below. This species also shows remarkable size related structural variations associated with allometric growth as in
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850FC335D9B2A18CA89371BB" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,229,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335D9B2A18CA89371BB" box="[151,229,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">tibialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although the specimens from Mindanao, the
<typeStatus id="54C0378F850FC335DBCBA18CAB6871BB" box="[750,798,223,249]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">type</typeStatus>
series, have the femora fully brown, the specimens from both Luzon and
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850FC335D876A050A9CE705F" box="[339,440,259,285]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
have the femora largely brown but with apices clear yellow. Moreover, the size related variation of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850FC335D80DA074A9D57003" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[296,419,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335D80DA074A9D57003" box="[296,419,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">claricornis</emphasis>
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is more similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850FC335DBAFA074AAA47003" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[650,722,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335DBAFA074AAA47003" box="[650,722,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">andrei</emphasis>
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rather than
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850FC335DA40A074ABC57003" ID-CoL="6MTC6" authorityName="Ashmead" authorityYear="1905" box="[869,947,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Idolothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335DA40A074ABC57003" box="[869,947,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">tibialis</emphasis>
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, and the prothoracic anteromarginal setae elongate, the fore tibia with no sub-apical inner tubercle even in large males, and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850FC335DD05A018ACED7027" ID-CoL="38DHT" box="[1056,1179,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="claricornis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335DD05A018ACED7027" box="[1056,1179,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">claricornis</emphasis>
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has only one stout seta with blunt or dilated apex on each mid and hind femur in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850FC335DA9DA03CAC7870CB" box="[952,1038,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–83" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@43.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 75–83. Ecacanthothrips claricornis. (75) fore leg, female; (76) head and prothorax, female; (77) head and prothorax, large male; (78) antenna, female; (79) antennal segments III–V, female; (80) metanotum and pelta, female; (81) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (82) hind femur, female; (83) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211363/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
). In contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE850FC335DDE6A03CAD7D70CB" ID-CoL="38DHQ" box="[1219,1291,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335DDE6A03CAD7D70CB" box="[1219,1291,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">andrei</emphasis>
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, this species has somewhat enlarged antennal segment III (
<figureCitation id="134095A8850FC335DBBEA0C0AB4370EF" box="[667,821,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 75–83" captionStartId="43.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@43.[173,1414,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURES 75–83. Ecacanthothrips claricornis. (75) fore leg, female; (76) head and prothorax, female; (77) head and prothorax, large male; (78) antenna, female; (79) antennal segments III–V, female; (80) metanotum and pelta, female; (81) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (82) hind femur, female; (83) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211363/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Figs 78 &amp; 79</figureCitation>
), that is distinctly wider than segment IV, with usually 10–15 sense cones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6850FC335D9E2A088AB6673C7" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D850FC335D9E2A088AB6673C7" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335D9E2A088A9CF70B7" box="[199,441,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335D8E5A088A99970B7" bold="true" box="[448,495,475,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">The</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850FC335D8D2A089ADEA70B7" box="[503,1436,474,501]" collectorName="Mindanao Is. &amp; Luzon Is." country="Philippines" location="Mindanao Is" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="5" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335D8D2A089AA0B70B6" bold="true" box="[503,637,474,500]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850FC335D8D2A089AA0B70B6" box="[503,637,474,500]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Philippines</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, holotype female and paratype females and males from
<location id="8EA4DFF6850FC335DDDAA088ADE470B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850EC335D9B2A647AB6673C7:8EA4DFF6850FC335DDDAA088ADE470B7" box="[1279,1426,475,501]" country="Philippines" name="Mindanao Is" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Mindanao Is</location>
.;
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<materialsCitation id="3B138370850FC335D9B2A0ACABA6735B" box="[151,976,510,537]" collectorName="Mindanao Is. &amp; Luzon Is." country="Philippines" location="Luzon Is." pageId="7" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="5" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850FC335D9B2A0ACA975735B" box="[151,259,511,537]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
and
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, from
<location id="8EA4DFF6850FC335D8F8A0ACAA31735B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850EC335D9B2A647AB6673C7:8EA4DFF6850FC335D8F8A0ACAA31735B" box="[477,583,511,537]" country="Philippines" name="Luzon Is." pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Luzon Is.</location>
(data described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC850FC335DA38A0ACABB1735B" author="Okajima, S." box="[797,967,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" pagination="56 - 65" refId="ref50428" refString="Okajima, S. (1983) Four new species of Ecacanthothrips from the Oriental region (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Kontyu, 51 (1), 56 - 65." type="journal article" year="1983">Okajima, 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850FC335DAFEA0ADAA7F7323" collectingDate="1984-07-31" collectingDateMax="1984-08-03" collectingDateMin="1984-07-31" country="Indonesia" elevation="900" location="Malino" municipality="South" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="14" specimenCount-female="6" specimenCount-male="8" stateProvince="South Celebes" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B90F553F850FC335DAFEA0ADAC26735A" bold="true" box="[987,1104,510,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD850FC335DAFEA0ADAC26735A" box="[987,1104,510,536]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850FC335DD7BA0ACAD76735B" box="[1118,1280,511,537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">South Celebes</collectingRegion>
(= Sulawesi),
<location id="8EA4DFF6850FC335D9B2A370A89D737F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850EC335D9B2A647AB6673C7:8EA4DFF6850FC335D9B2A370A89D737F" box="[151,235,547,573]" country="Indonesia" municipality="South" name="Malino" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="South Celebes">Malino</location>
, alt. about
<quantity id="4C8324C8850FC335D842A370A9DF737F" box="[359,425,547,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="900.0">
<elevation id="00566E1E850FC335D842A370A9DF737F" box="[359,425,547,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850FC335D890A370AA57737F" box="[437,545,547,573]" count="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850FC335DB7CA371AAC4737F" box="[601,690,546,573]" count="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED850FC335DD28A370ACF9737F" box="[1037,1167,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" value="1984-07-31">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850FC335DD28A370ACF9737F" box="[1037,1167,547,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" value="1984-07-31">31.vii.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850FC335DDBEA370AD71737F" box="[1179,1287,547,573]" count="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850FC335DC1BA370ADEE737F" box="[1342,1432,547,573]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
, on dead Palmae,
<date id="FFC5AFED850FC335D873A314A9A47323" box="[342,466,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" value="1984-08-03">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850FC335D873A314A9A47323" box="[342,466,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" value="1984-08-03">3.viii.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B138370850FC335DB2AA314AB7A73C7" collectingDate="1984-08-08" collectingDateMax="1984-08-14" collectingDateMin="1984-08-08" country="Indonesia" elevation="1000" location="Pedamaran" municipality="South" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="107" specimenCount-female="62" specimenCount-male="45" stateProvince="Central Celebes" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF850FC335DB2AA314AAB57323" box="[527,707,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">Central Celebes</collectingRegion>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A76900F850FC335DBEBA314AB047323" box="[718,882,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29">near Rantepao</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF6850FC335DA58A314AB8A7323" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B850EC335D9B2A647AB6673C7:8EA4DFF6850FC335DA58A314AB8A7323" box="[893,1020,583,609]" country="Indonesia" municipality="South" name="Pedamaran" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Central Celebes">Pedamaran</location>
, alt. about
<quantity id="4C8324C8850FC335DD50A314ACB37323" box="[1141,1221,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1000.0">
<elevation id="00566E1E850FC335DD50A314ACB37323" box="[1141,1221,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850FC335DDF4A314AD3C7323" box="[1233,1354,583,609]" count="62" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="female">62 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A4850FC335DCA5A315A8AD73C7" count="45" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" type="male">45 males</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves and branches,
<date id="FFC5AFED850FC335DB16A338AAAF73C7" box="[563,729,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" value="1984-08-08" valueMax="1984-08-14" valueMin="1984-08-08">
<collectingDate id="EF815605850FC335DB16A338AAAF73C7" box="[563,729,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="29" value="1984-08-08" valueMax="1984-08-14" valueMin="1984-08-08">8–14.viii.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

224
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View file

@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
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<mods:namePart id="EFE6753E4127DF2E413D32CA00A37A35">Masumoto, Masami</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C361DAA68513C329D9B2A56DAA49751A" box="[151,575,1086,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8513C329D9B2A56DAA49751A" blockId="27.[151,575,1086,1149]" box="[151,575,1086,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="D08C3E418513C329D9B2A56DAA49751A" bold="true" box="[151,575,1086,1113]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8513C329D9B2A56DAA49751A" ID-CoL="3MJTN" authority="Chen" authorityName="Chen" box="[151,575,1086,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesametae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D9B2A56DAA49751A" bold="true" box="[151,575,1086,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D9B2A56DA983751B" bold="true" box="[151,501,1086,1113]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Hoplandrothrips obesametae</emphasis>
Chen
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68513C329D9B2A530A9E1753F" box="[151,407,1122,1149]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8513C329D9B2A530A9E1753F" blockId="27.[151,575,1086,1149]" box="[151,407,1122,1149]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
(
<figureCitation id="134095A88513C329D9BAA530A957753F" box="[159,289,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 29–42" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,181,1868]" captionTargetId="figure-32@39.[156,1432,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 29–42. Hoplandrothrips species. E. floresi sp. n. 29–30: (29) female; (30) male. E. formosae sp. n. 31–33: (31) female; (32) small male; (33) large male. E. graminicola sp. n. 34–35: (34) female; (35) male. H. laurencei sp. n. 36–37: (36) female; (37) male. H. obesametae 38–39: (38) female; (39) male. H. quinqueconus sp. n. 40–42: (40) female; (41) large male; (42) small male." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211351" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211351/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Figs 38–39</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134095A88513C329D809A531A9E6753F" box="[300,400,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 215–224" captionStartId="59.[151,262,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@59.[200,1387,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 215–224. Hoplandrothrips obesametae. (215) Head and prothorax, female;(216) head and prothorax, large male; (217) metanotum and pelta, female; (218) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (219) antenna, female; (220) antennal segments III–V, female; (221) fore leg, female; (222) fore leg, large male; (223) sub-basal wing setae, female; (224) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211415/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">215–224</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68513C329D9B2A5F4AC7A76CD" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8513C329D9B2A5F4AAD175FD" blockId="27.[151,679,1191,1215]" box="[151,679,1191,1215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6BAE038513C329D9B2A5F4AAD175FD" box="[151,679,1191,1215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADAAF3C8513C329D9B2A5F4AAD575FD" author="Chen, L. S." box="[151,675,1191,1215]" page="178" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" year="1980">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8513C329D9B2A5F4AAD575FD" ID-CoL="3MJTN" authority="Chen, 1980: 177 - 178" authorityName="Chen" authorityPageNumber="177 - 178" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,675,1191,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesametae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D9B2A5F4A9C975FD" box="[151,447,1191,1215]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Hoplandrothrips obesametae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8513C329D8E0A5F4AAD575FD" author="Chen, L. S." box="[453,675,1191,1215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" pagination="169 - 182" refId="ref49254" refString="Chen, L. S. (1980) Thrips associated with Mulberry plant (Morus sp.) in Taiwan. Proceedings of the National Science Council (Taiwan) 4, 169 - 182." type="journal article" year="1980">Chen, 1980: 177–178</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8513C329D9B2A5BDAA267605" blockId="27.[151,1437,1261,2008]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8513C329D9B2A5BDA9497445" ID-CoL="3MJTN" box="[151,319,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesametae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D9B2A5BDA9497445" box="[151,319,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">H. obesametae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8513C329DB0AA5BEAAF77445" box="[559,641,1261,1287]" name="Taiwan" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
based on strongly crushed specimens and was recorded subsequently from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8513C329D9F2A442A96C7469" box="[215,282,1297,1323]" name="China" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8513C329D80EA442AA6F7469" author="Tong, X. L. &amp; Zhang, W. Q." box="[299,537,1297,1323]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" pagination="58 - 66" refId="ref50883" refString="Tong, X. L. &amp; Zhang, W. Q. (1989) A report on the fungus-feeding thrips of Phlaeothripinae from China (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Journal of South China Agricultural University, 10 (3), 58 - 66." type="journal article" year="1989">Tong &amp; Zhang 1989</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8513C329DB78A441AAEB746E" box="[605,669,1298,1324]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8513C329DB8BA442AB217469" author="Okajima, S." box="[686,855,1297,1323]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Unfortunately, the
<typeStatus id="54C0378F8513C329DD66A441AC05746E" box="[1091,1139,1298,1324]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
specimens have not been available for this study, and it is very difficult to discriminate not only this species but also most of the species described by L. S. Chen that are known only from the original descriptions that were based on strongly crushed
<typeStatus id="54C0378F8513C329D9B2A42DA8B174DA" box="[151,199,1406,1432]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
specimens. However,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48513C329D8E2A42DAA3274D5" box="[455,580,1405,1432]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
collected from Nanshanchi,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8513C329DAAFA42DAC5E74D5" box="[906,1064,1405,1432]" country="Taiwan" name="Nantou" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Nantou Hsien</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8513C329DD11A42EACFF74D5" box="[1076,1161,1405,1431]" name="Taiwan" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, listed below could well be identified as
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D86EA4F1A98F74F9" box="[331,505,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8513C329D86EA4F1A98374F9" ID-CoL="3MJTN" box="[331,501,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obesametae">H. obesametae</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
This species may be closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8513C329DA97A4F1AC6A74F9" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[946,1052,1441,1467]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floresi">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329DA97A4F1AC6A74F9" box="[946,1052,1441,1467]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">H. floresi</emphasis>
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newly described above, in having antennal segment VIII short and not distinctly constricted basally, the terminal setae much longer than the tube and abdominal sternite VIII of males with a median small pore plate.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8513C329DA5DA4BAAC5D7741" author="Okajima, S." box="[888,1067,1513,1539]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima (2006)</bibRefCitation>
identified as this species several females and males collected from the Ryukyu Islands (Yonakuni Is., Ishigaki Is. and Miyako Is.), and fully described these. They are indistinguishable from the female from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8513C329DA29A762AB177709" box="[780,865,1585,1611]" name="Taiwan" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, but are identified as
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329DD70A762ACAF7709" box="[1109,1241,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">obesametae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with some slight hesitation, due to some small differences from the original description, and further study is required.
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48513C329DC29A706ADEA772D" box="[1292,1436,1621,1647]" count="5" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" type="female">Five females</specimenCount>
and
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collected from Mindanao Is., the
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8513C329DB8CA72AAB5C77D1" box="[681,810,1657,1683]" name="Philippines" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, listed below in the doubtful specimens are very similar to this species, in having the head shorter, cheeks swollen, antennal segment III shorter than segment IV, antennal segment VIII short and conical, and abdominal sternite VIII of male with a median small pore plate. However, they have shorter antennal segments III and IV, and shorter mouth-cone, but these differences are probably related to the smaller body size. The bodies of these females are
<quantity id="4C8324C88513C329DA25A65AABF67661" box="[768,896,1801,1827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.3mm</quantity>
in length, though those of
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329DD95A65AAD427661" box="[1200,1332,1801,1827]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">obesametae</emphasis>
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from the Ryukyu Is. and
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are
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8513C329D9E2A601AC7A76CD" blockId="27.[151,1437,1261,2008]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D9E2A601A9C57629" box="[199,435,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Specimens examined</emphasis>
.
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D8E3A602AA797629" bold="true" box="[454,527,1873,1899]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8513C329D8E3A602AA797629" box="[454,527,1873,1899]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
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,
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and
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(data described in
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)
</materialsCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D9B2A626A89976CD" bold="true" box="[151,239,1909,1935]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8513C329D9B2A626A89976CD" box="[151,239,1909,1935]" name="Taiwan" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8513C329D9D8A625A9EC76CD" box="[253,410,1909,1936]" country="Taiwan" name="Nantou" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Nantou Hsien</collectingRegion>
,
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,
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, on dead leaves,
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<collectingDate id="EF8156058513C329DA7FA626ABA376CD" box="[858,981,1909,1935]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" value="1984-03-30">30.iii.1984</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BC4892D8513C329D9E2A6CAAC837695" blockId="27.[151,1437,1261,2008]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D9E2A6CAA9D376F1" box="[199,421,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Doubtful specimens</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D896A6CAA99476F1" bold="true" box="[435,482,1945,1971]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">The</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708513C329D8CDA6CAAC877695" collectingDate="1979-07-26" collectingDateMax="1979-07-28" collectingDateMin="1979-07-26" collectorName="Mindanao Is." country="Philippines" location="North Cotabato" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="North Cotabato">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8513C329D8CDA6CAAA1876F1" bold="true" box="[488,622,1945,1971]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8513C329D8CDA6CAAA1876F1" box="[488,622,1945,1971]" name="Philippines" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Philippines</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8513C329DB59A6CAAB6776F6" box="[636,785,1945,1972]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">Mindanao Is.</collectorName>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8513C329DA3BA6CAABB876F1" box="[798,974,1945,1971]" country="Philippines" name="North Cotabato" pageId="27" pageNumber="49">North Cotabato</collectingRegion>
, Ilomavis,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48513C329DD6CA6CAACC376F1" box="[1097,1205,1945,1971]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48513C329DDCEA6CAAD4F76F1" box="[1259,1337,1945,1971]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves,
<date id="FFC5AFED8513C329D9CEA6EEA91B7695" box="[235,365,1981,2007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" value="1979-07-26">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058513C329D9CEA6EEA91B7695" box="[235,365,1981,2007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" value="1979-07-26">26.vii.1979</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48513C329D85CA6EEA9AB7695" box="[377,477,1981,2007]" count="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, on dead fern,
<date id="FFC5AFED8513C329DBA7A6EEAB727695" box="[642,772,1981,2007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" value="1979-07-27">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058513C329DBA7A6EEAB727695" box="[642,772,1981,2007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" value="1979-07-27">27.vii.1979</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48513C329DA2AA6EEAB087695" box="[783,894,1981,2007]" count="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, on dead leaves,
<date id="FFC5AFED8513C329DD19A6EEACC87695" box="[1084,1214,1981,2007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" value="1979-07-28">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058513C329DD19A6EEACC87695" box="[1084,1214,1981,2007]" pageId="27" pageNumber="49" value="1979-07-28">28.vii.1979</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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96
data/03/D2/38/03D2383B8514C32FD9B2A1C4AC507027.xml
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@ -1,67 +1,67 @@
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8514C32ED9B2A1C4AA6271F3" bold="true" box="[151,532,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="50">Hoplandrothrips quinqueconus</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8514C32ED9B2A050A9FE705F" box="[151,392,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="50">Female (macroptera)</emphasis>
.
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Distended body length:
. Distended body length:
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. Body uniformly dark brown. All legs dark brown, but tibiae often scarcely paler distally, all tarsi concolourous with apex of tibia. Antennal segments I and
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@ -126,9 +124,7 @@ subequal in length. Mouth cone scarcely reaching prospinasternum; maxillary styl
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) dilated, S1 and S2 subequal, S3 scarcely longer than S2. Pelta (
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) bell-shaped, with rather large lateral wings. tergite IX setae S1 and S2 subequal, shorter than tube, slightly dilated. Tube 0.54–0.59 times as long as head, 2.30-2.44 times as long as wide, almost tapering; terminal setae much longer than tube
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.
) bell-shaped, with rather large lateral wings. tergite IX setae S1 and S2 subequal, shorter than tube, slightly dilated. Tube 0.54–0.59 times as long as head, 2.30-2.44 times as long as wide, almost tapering; terminal setae much longer than tube.
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<emphasis id="B90F553F8514C32ED9E2A29CA90072AB" bold="true" box="[199,374,975,1001]" pageId="28" pageNumber="50">Measurements</emphasis>
@ -250,12 +246,14 @@ and
, on dead leaves and branches
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,
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and
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,
<date id="FFC5AFED8514C32EDB1AA68FAABE76B4" box="[575,712,2012,2038]" pageId="28" pageNumber="50" value="1993-08-19">19.viii.1993</date>
, TN &amp; SO.
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(
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8515C32FD849A34CAB367375" author="Varatharajan, R. &amp; Singh, K. N. &amp; Bala, K." box="[364,832,543,567]" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" pagination="7157 - 7163" refId="ref51074" refString="Varatharajan, R. Singh, K. N. &amp; Bala, K. (2015) A new species of Tylothrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) with new records of four Terebrantians and four Tubuliferans from Manipur, Northeastern India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 7, 7157 - 7163 https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3733.7157 - 63" type="journal article" year="2015">Varatharajan, Singh &amp; Bala, 2015: 7160-7162</bibRefCitation>
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This species was originally described from
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, Northeastern
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8515C32FDAA4A336ABCD733D" box="[897,955,613,639]" name="India" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">India</collectingCountry>
based on a unique
<typeStatus id="54C0378F8515C32FDDB4A336AC85733D" box="[1169,1267,613,639]" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
male collected from the fallen leaves of
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FD890A3D9AA3A73E1" box="[437,588,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Ureno lobata</emphasis>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FDB7EA3DAAAAD73E1" ID-CoL="CDB" box="[603,731,649,675]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Malvaceae</taxonomicName>
). The maxillary stylets are relatively long but not reaching the middle of the head capsule and close together medially, and the fore wings are slightly constricted medially with a few duplicated cilia. These character states indicate that this species may not be related to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FDDEFA382AD4D73A9" ID-CoL="844T" authorityName="Hood" authorityYear="1937" box="[1226,1339,721,747]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Tylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FDDEFA382AD4D73A9" box="[1226,1339,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Tylothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8515C32FDC6CA382A8A4724D" author="Mound, L. A." pageId="29" pageNumber="51" pagination="225 - 244" refId="ref49947" refString="Mound, L. A. (1977) Species diversity and the systematics of some New World leaf-litter Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripinae; Glyptothripini). Systematic Entomology, 2, 225 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1977. tb 00371. x" type="journal article" year="1977">Mound 1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC8515C32FD9F8A3A5A9A1724D" author="Uzun Yigit, A. &amp; Demirozer, O. &amp; Minaei, K. &amp; Mound, L. A." box="[221,471,757,784]" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref51005" refString="Uzun Yigit, A., Demirozer, O., Minaei, K. &amp; Mound, L. A. (2021) Disjunct distribution or recent introduction? The North American Tylothrips osborni in Turkey (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae). Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 7, 375 - 381. https: // doi. org / 10.52547 / jibs. 7.4.375" type="journal article" year="2021">
Uzun Yiğit
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FD878A3A5A9E3724D" box="[349,405,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
). The original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FDA3FA3A5ABF1724D" ID-CoL="7CZL5" authorityName="Varatharajan, Singh &amp; Bala" authorityYear="2015" box="[794,903,758,783]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Tylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samirseni">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FDA3FA3A5ABF1724D" box="[794,903,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">samirseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
provides only a few important structural details to recognise its taxonomic position, and the measurements also lack accuracy. The published images indicate that the tube is clearly shorter than the head, although it is much longer than the head in the measurements. This is probably because the magnification of the objective lens was incorrect when using the eyepiece micrometer. However, the images and figures in the description are available for this study and suggest that it is very similar to grass-inhabiting
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FD9B2A2FAA9247281" ID-CoL="62V8L" authority="Hood" authorityName="Hood" box="[151,338,937,963]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FD9B2A2FAA9247281" box="[151,338,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species from Southeast Asia. Based on that description it cannot be distinguished satisfactorily from specimens collected in
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8515C32FD8F2A29EAA3172A5" box="[471,583,973,999]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8515C32FDB75A29EAAC272A5" box="[592,692,973,999]" name="Thailand" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Thailand</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8515C32FDBCCA29EAB3E72A5" box="[745,840,973,999]" name="Vietnam" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
listed below, especially the smaller males. Therefore, these specimens are here identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FDB1BA2A1AADD7549" ID-CoL="7CZL5" authorityName="Varatharajan, Singh &amp; Bala" authorityYear="2015" box="[574,683,1010,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Tylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samirseni">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FDB1BA2A1AADD7549" box="[574,683,1010,1035]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">samirseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but with slight hesitation, because there are some small differences between local populations in addition to the insufficient original description. It undoubtedly belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FDC62A546ADE5756D" ID-CoL="3MJTL" authorityName="Priesner" authorityYear="1939" box="[1351,1427,1045,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FDC62A546ADE5756D" box="[1351,1427,1045,1071]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- group, and is related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FD884A569AA317511" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[417,583,1081,1107]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basantratus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FD884A569AA317511" box="[417,583,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">H. basantratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above. Both of them share some character states as follows: head elongate with a constriction just behind compound eyes, rather short maxillary stylets retracted to basal 1/3 of head, pronotal basantra present at least in specimens from Southeast Asia, and the body bicoloured yellow and brown. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FD82FA5F5A90175FD" ID-CoL="7CZL5" authorityName="Varatharajan, Singh &amp; Bala" authorityYear="2015" box="[266,375,1190,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Tylothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="samirseni">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FD82FA5F5A90175FD" box="[266,375,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">samirseni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs clearly from
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FDB78A5F6AA9775FD" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[605,737,1189,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basantratus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FDB78A5F6AA9775FD" box="[605,737,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">basantratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having the body largely brown mentioned in the key above. Another grass-inhabiting species,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE8515C32FDB3CA599AAB375A1" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[537,709,1225,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminicola">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FDB3CA599AAB375A1" box="[537,709,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">H. graminicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, may also be related, but has the body uniformly brown and no prosternal basantra.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA68515C32CD9E2A442AAD274DF" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8515C32FD9E2A442AB72740D" blockId="29.[151,1437,613,2008]" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">
The full description of this species is given below based on the specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8515C32FDD7EA441ACF9746E" box="[1115,1167,1298,1324]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8515C32FDDB8A442AD7B7469" box="[1181,1293,1297,1323]" name="Indonesia" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, because the original description is insufficient for the present study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8515C32CD9E2A40AA9EC7003" blockId="29.[151,1437,613,2008]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1437,150,1437]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8515C32FD9E2A40AA9B47436" box="[199,450,1369,1396]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Female (macroptera).</emphasis>
Distended body length: 2.0–
<quantity id="4C8324C88515C32FDA33A40AAB117431" box="[790,871,1369,1395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.9">2.9mm</quantity>
. The following description is based on a female with
<quantity id="4C8324C88515C32FD9F4A42EA95674D5" box="[209,288,1405,1431]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3mm</quantity>
body in length. Body largely brown, but partly yellowish; head, thorax, abdominal segments VII–IX and tube brown, abdominal segments II–III yellow, very weakly shaded with brown, segments IV–VI brownish yellow to brown, gradually darkened posteriorly. Antennal segments I–II brown, a little darker than head, segment III yellowish, weakly shaded with brown, segments IV–VIII largely pale brown, bases of IV–VI slightly paler. Femora brown; tibiae and tarsi yellow, tibiae often weakly shaded. Fore wings almost clear. All prominent setae clear. Head (
<figureCitation id="134095A88515C32FD80FA762A9FA7709" box="[298,396,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Fig. 233</figureCitation>
) elongate, 1.45–1.50 times as long as wide, 1.48 times, dorsal surface almost smooth, but weakly sculptured with reticulation at extreme base, postero-lateral portion, just behind eyes and ocellar region. Cheeks weakly rounded, incised just behind eyes, weakly serrated, with some minute setae. Postocular setae shorter than eyes, dilated. Eyes bulged, about 0.3 times as long as head; posterior ocelli close to eyes, distance between posterior ocelli longer than diameter of an ocellus, 25μm apart from one another. Antennae (
<figureCitation id="134095A88515C32FDDF7A792AD437799" box="[1234,1333,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Fig. 237</figureCitation>
) 1.8–1.9 times as long as head; segment VIII rather elongate, constricted at base, pedicellate; segment III 1.76 times as long as wide, almost as long as segment IV, with three sense cones. Mouth cone short, maxillary stylets retracted to basal 1/3 of head, not reaching postocular setae, 15–20μm apart from each other, 16μm. Pronotum smooth, but weakly reticulate posteriorly, about 0.5–0.6 times as long as head; five pairs of prominent setae elongate, slender and expanded; am much shorter than aa, pa and epim subequal in length. Prosternal basantra (
<figureCitation id="134095A88515C32FDDF4A626AD4276CD" box="[1233,1332,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Fig. 239</figureCitation>
) present, but small; mesopresternum divided into two lateral large triangle plates and a median circular plate. Metanotum (
<figureCitation id="134095A88515C32FD9BAA6EEA9767695" box="[159,256,1981,2007]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="51">Fig. 240</figureCitation>
) weakly sculptured with longitudinal reticulation; median pair of setae acute, about 40–45μm apart from anterior margin, about 70μm apart from one another. Fore tarsal tooth (
<figureCitation id="134095A88516C32CDAF2A1C4AC4D71F3" box="[983,1083,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Fig. 234</figureCitation>
) minute. Fore wings with 3–5 duplicated cilia; three sub-basal setae (
<figureCitation id="134095A88516C32CDB71A1E8AAC07197" box="[596,694,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Fig. 242</figureCitation>
) expanded. Pelta (
<figureCitation id="134095A88516C32CDAAEA1E8AB9B7197" box="[907,1005,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Fig. 241</figureCitation>
) hat-shaped, with rather broad lateral wings, distinctly reticulate. Tergite IX S1 setae almost pointed or blunt, shorter than tube, S2 acute, almost as long as tube or a little shorter. Tube (
<figureCitation id="134095A88516C32CD8D0A050AA22705F" box="[501,596,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Fig. 243</figureCitation>
) 0.56 times as long as head, about 2.0 times as long as wide. Terminal setae much longer than tube.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8516C32CD9E2A018A91A737F" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8516C32CD9E2A018A9007027" bold="true" box="[199,374,331,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Measurements</emphasis>
(female in μm). Body length about 2290 (distended). Head length 242, from anterior margin of eyes 212, width across eyes 150, maximum width across cheeks 163; eyes length 70, width 48; diameter of posterior ocelli 13–17; postocular setae 50-52. Antenna total length 450, segments I–VIII length (width) as follows: 50 (40), 50 (33), 60 (34), 62 (33), 62 (28), 52 (24), 50 (21), 41 (13). Pronotum length 135, width 225. Setae on prothorax: am 15–20, aa 35–40, ml 40–45, pa 52–53, epim 52–55, cox about 40. Fore wing length 800. Sub-basal wing setae:
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FEFEA8516C32CD9B2A0ACA8AE735B" box="[151,216,510,537]" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-1.75">S1 45</geoCoordinate>
–47,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FEFEA8516C32CD834A0ACA922735B" box="[273,340,510,537]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-2.8666668">S2 52</geoCoordinate>
–55,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FEFEA8516C32CD8AEA0ACA9B8735B" box="[395,462,510,537]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-3.8333333">S3 50</geoCoordinate>
–52. Tergite IX setae: S1 110–112, S2 130–132. Tube length 135, maximum width 67; terminal setae 200.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8516C32CD9E2A314AB3E72E7" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8516C32CD9E2A314A9DE7323" box="[199,424,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Male (macroptera).</emphasis>
Distended body length:
<quantity id="4C8324C88516C32CDBEBA314AB247323" box="[718,850,583,609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.4mm</quantity>
. Abdominal segments usually darker than female, segments I and II yellowish brown, remaining segments gradually darkened towards tube, pale brown to dark brown; mid femora yellowish, apical 1/5–1/3 of fore femora and basal 1/3 of hind femora often yellowish, mid and hind tibiae often weakly shaded with brown. Pronotal am setae reduced, less than 15μm. Large male: pronotal aa setae elongate, much longer than pa; fore coxa with some stout setae on posterior margin; fore femur (
<figureCitation id="134095A88516C32CDC16A384ADE373B3" box="[1331,1429,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Fig. 236</figureCitation>
) swollen, with a ventro-apical tubercle, fore tibia with a sub-basal inner tubercle, but without apical tubercle, fore tarsal tooth stout, wide-based; fore wing with 6 duplicated cilia. Small male: pronotal aa setae almost as long as pa, or a little shorter; fore femur (
<figureCitation id="134095A88516C32CDB2BA210AA1B721F" box="[526,621,834,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 233–243" captionStartId="61.[151,262,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[194,1392,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-32@61.[194,1393,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURES 233–243. Hoplandrothrips samirseni comb. n. (233) Head and prothorax, female; (234) fore leg, female; (235) fore leg, small male; (236) fore leg, large male; (237) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (238) antennal segments III–IV, female; (239) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (240) metanotum, female; (241) pelta, female; (242) sub-basal wing setae, female; (243) tube, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211421/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Fig. 235</figureCitation>
) without apical tubercle, fore tibia without sub-basal tubercle, fore tarsal tooth small as in female. Abdominal sternite VIII without pore plate; tergite IX S2 setae about 1/2 length of S1, S1 almost as long as tube. Tube 0.47–0.52 times as long as head.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8516C32CD9E2A2FCAD0575E3" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8516C32CD9E2A2FCA900728B" bold="true" box="[199,374,943,969]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Measurements</emphasis>
(large/small males in μm). Body length about 2340/1720 (distended). Head length 245/222, from anterior margin of eyes 220/195, width across eyes 150/130, maximum width across cheeks 160/140; eyes length 80/63, width 50/40; postocular setae 65–68/40. Antenna total length 405/385, segments I–VIII length as follows: 50/43, 50/45, 63/50, 63/52, 65/52, 53/45, 47/42, 42/40. Pronotum length 180/125, width 260/195. Setae on prothorax: am about 10/about 10, aa 85–90/35–40, ml 75–80/38–40, pa 60/40–45, epim 68–75/40–45, cox 55–60/ about 30. Fore wing length 870/680. Sub-basal wing setae:
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FEFEA8516C32CDA10A530AB01753F" box="[821,887,1122,1149]" degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-1.75">S1 45</geoCoordinate>
/33, S2 65–68/43,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FEFEA8516C32CDD60A530ACF1753F" box="[1093,1159,1122,1149]" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="60" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-4.0">S3 60</geoCoordinate>
–65/40. Tergite IX setae: S1 120–123/about 100,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4FEFEA8516C32CD886A5D4A99475E3" box="[419,482,1158,1185]" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-2.9666667">S2 58</geoCoordinate>
–60/50–52. Tube length 125/105, maximum width 71/55; terminal setae 195/155.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D8516C32CD9E2A5F8AAD274DF" blockId="30.[151,1437,150,1437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8516C32CD9E2A5F8A9D97587" box="[199,431,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Specimens examined</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708516C32CD898A5F9A92575AB" collectingDate="2005-08-23" country="Indonesia" elevation="1150" location="Wono-koyo" municipality="Malang" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="49" specimenCount-female="34" specimenCount-male="15" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8516C32CD898A5F9AA447586" bold="true" box="[445,562,1194,1220]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8516C32CD898A5F9AA447586" box="[445,562,1194,1220]" name="Indonesia" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8516C32CDB65A5F8AA027587" box="[576,628,1195,1221]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA013578516C32CDB5AA5F8AAA17587" box="[639,727,1195,1221]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Malang</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68516C32CDBC7A5F8AB1F7587" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8515C32CD9B2A0E5AAD274DF:8EA4DFF68516C32CDBC7A5F8AB1F7587" box="[738,873,1195,1221]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Malang" name="Wono-koyo" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Wono-koyo</location>
, ca
<quantity id="4C8324C88516C32CDAB6A5F9AB967587" box="[915,992,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1150.0">
<elevation id="00566E1E8516C32CDAB6A5F9AB967587" box="[915,992,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1150.0">1150m</elevation>
</quantity>
alt.,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CDD32A5F8ACE77587" box="[1047,1169,1195,1221]" count="34" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="female">34 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CDDE2A5F9AD587587" box="[1223,1326,1194,1221]" count="15" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="male">15 males</specimenCount>
, on grass,
<date id="FFC5AFED8516C32CD9B2A59DA95775AB" box="[151,289,1230,1257]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="2005-08-23">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058516C32CD9B2A59DA95775AB" box="[151,289,1230,1257]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="2005-08-23">23.viii.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B90F553F8516C32CD878A59DA9BC75AA" bold="true" box="[349,458,1230,1256]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8516C32CD878A59DA9BC75AA" box="[349,458,1230,1256]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
, nr.
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708516C32CD8DCA59CAD5D7473" collectingDate="1992-08-20" collectingDateMax="1992-09-05" collectingDateMin="1992-08-20" collectorName="Pha Hean &amp; Doi Pui" country="Thailand" location="Pha Yao" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="9" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Chiang Rai">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8516C32CD8DCA59CAA0C75AB" box="[505,634,1231,1257]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Rai" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Chiang Rai</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68516C32CDBA1A59CAA9575AB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8515C32CD9B2A0E5AAD274DF:8EA4DFF68516C32CDBA1A59CAA9575AB" box="[644,739,1231,1257]" country="Thailand" name="Pha Yao" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Chiang Rai">Pha Yao</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CDBC9A59CAB2E75AB" box="[748,856,1231,1257]" count="4" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CDAA9A59CABAF75AB" box="[908,985,1231,1257]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on grass,
<date id="FFC5AFED8516C32CDD68A59DACCE75AB" box="[1101,1208,1230,1257]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-05">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058516C32CDD68A59DACCE75AB" box="[1101,1208,1230,1257]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-05">5.ix.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO;
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CDDD0A59CAD1575AB" box="[1269,1379,1231,1257]" count="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
, data very similar to above, but on dead leaves and branches; foot of Doi Inthanon,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CDD23A5A0AC1C744F" box="[1030,1130,1267,1293]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, on grass,
<date id="FFC5AFED8516C32CDDC7A5A0AD1A744F" box="[1250,1388,1267,1293]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-08-20">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058516C32CDDC7A5A0AD1A744F" box="[1250,1388,1267,1293]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-08-20">20.viii.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
<collectorName id="268EECFB8516C32CD9C3A444A9237473" box="[230,341,1303,1329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Pha Hean</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CD845A444A9B77473" box="[352,449,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CD8DDA444AA277473" box="[504,593,1303,1329]" count="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8516C32CDB79A444AABE7473" box="[604,712,1303,1329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-03">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058516C32CDB79A444AABE7473" box="[604,712,1303,1329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-03">3.ix.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO;
<collectorName id="268EECFB8516C32CDA6BA444ABD17473" box="[846,935,1303,1329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Doi Pui</collectorName>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CDA96A444AC617473" box="[947,1047,1303,1329]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, on grass,
<date id="FFC5AFED8516C32CDDA9A444AC8E7473" box="[1164,1272,1303,1329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-01">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058516C32CDDA9A444AC8E7473" box="[1164,1272,1303,1329]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-01">1.ix.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708516C32CDC13A444ABAC7417" collectingDate="1991-08-20" country="Thailand" location="Farm of Kasetsart University" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Sara Buri">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8516C32CDC13A444ADEE7473" box="[1334,1432,1303,1329]" country="Thailand" name="Sara Buri" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Saraburi</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68516C32CD9B2A468A9907417" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8515C32CD9B2A0E5AAD274DF:8EA4DFF68516C32CD9B2A468A9907417" box="[151,486,1339,1365]" country="Thailand" name="Farm of Kasetsart University" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Sara Buri">Farm of Kasetsart University</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CD8D1A468AA397417" box="[500,591,1339,1365]" count="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
, on grass,
<date id="FFC5AFED8516C32CDBE8A468AB207417" box="[717,854,1339,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1991-08-20">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058516C32CDBE8A468AB207417" box="[717,854,1339,1365]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1991-08-20">20.viii.1991</collectingDate>
</date>
, TN &amp; SO
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708516C32CDACDA468A9D0743B" collectingDate="1978-05-07" collectorName="K. Yasumatsu" country="Thailand" location="Chiang Mai" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8516C32CDACDA468AC047417" box="[1000,1138,1339,1365]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CDDA5A468AC917417" box="[1152,1255,1339,1365]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
, in paddy field,
<date id="FFC5AFED8516C32CD9B2A40CA88F743B" box="[151,249,1375,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1978-05-07">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058516C32CD9B2A40CA88F743B" box="[151,249,1375,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1978-05-07">7.v.1978</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="268EECFB8516C32CD822A40CA9D0743B" box="[263,422,1375,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">K. Yasumatsu</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
;
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8516C32CD897A40CAA76743B" box="[434,512,1375,1401]" country="Thailand" name="Phuket" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Phuket</collectingRegion>
Is.,
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708516C32CDB16A40CABC9743B" box="[563,959,1375,1401]" collectingDate="1992-09-09" country="Thailand" location="Hill" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Phuket">
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8516C32CDB16A40CAAF7743B" box="[563,641,1375,1401]" country="Thailand" name="Phuket" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Phuket</collectingRegion>
<location id="8EA4DFF68516C32CDBACA40CAAC1743B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8515C32CD9B2A0E5AAD274DF:8EA4DFF68516C32CDBACA40CAAC1743B" box="[649,695,1375,1401]" country="Thailand" name="Hill" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Phuket">Hill</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CDBE6A40CAB65743B" box="[707,787,1375,1401]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<date id="FFC5AFED8516C32CDA3AA40CABFD743B" box="[799,907,1375,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-09">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058516C32CDA3AA40CABFD743B" box="[799,907,1375,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="1992-09-09">9.ix.1992</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B1383708516C32CDAEEA40DAAD674DF" collectingDate="2001-12-27" country="Vietnam" location="Dam Bri" municipality="Bao Loc" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Lam Dong">
<emphasis id="B90F553F8516C32CDAEEA40DAC47743A" bold="true" box="[971,1073,1374,1400]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD8516C32CDAEEA40DAC47743A" box="[971,1073,1374,1400]" name="Vietnam" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF8516C32CDD65A40CAD5E743B" box="[1088,1320,1375,1401]" country="Vietnam" name="Lam Dong" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Lam Dong Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA013578516C32CDC11A40CADEE743B" box="[1332,1432,1375,1401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52">Bao Loc</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EA4DFF68516C32CD9B2A4D0A88D74DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B8515C32CD9B2A0E5AAD274DF:8EA4DFF68516C32CD9B2A4D0A88D74DF" box="[151,251,1411,1437]" country="Vietnam" municipality="Bao Loc" name="Dam Bri" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Lam Dong">Dam Bri</location>
,
<specimenCount id="9D7D42A48516C32CD823A4D0A92274DF" box="[262,340,1411,1437]" count="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
, on bamboo,
<date id="FFC5AFED8516C32CD8CEA4D0AA1B74DF" box="[491,621,1411,1437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="2001-12-27">
<collectingDate id="EF8156058516C32CD8CEA4D0AA1B74DF" box="[491,621,1411,1437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="52" value="2001-12-27">27.xii.2001</collectingDate>
</date>
, SO
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

171
data/03/D2/38/03D2383B851DC327D9B2A019A9A87549.xml Normal file
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327D9B2A019A9AF7027" bold="true" box="[151,473,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">Hoplandrothrips coloratus</emphasis>
Okajima
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327D9B2A0DCA9D170E5" box="[151,423,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">Hoplandrothrips coloratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851DC327D888A0DCAA3070E5" author="Okajima, S." box="[429,582,399,423]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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, 311–312.
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Described from the Ryukyu Islands (Ishigaki Is. and Iriomote Is.),
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, this species was recorded subsequently from
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851DC327D813A0AAAA637351" author="Dang, L. H. &amp; Qiao, G. X." box="[310,533,505,531]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" pagination="313 - 358" refId="ref49569" refString="Dang, L. H. &amp; Qiao, G. X. (2014) Key to the fungus-feeder Phlaeothripinae species from China (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae). Zoological Systematics, 39, 313 - 358. https: // doi. org / 10.11865 / zs 20140301" type="journal article" year="2014">Dang &amp; Qiao 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Most specimens of the
<typeStatus id="54C0378F851DC327DA0BA0A9AB287356" box="[814,862,506,532]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">type</typeStatus>
series were collected from subtropical forest litter. It has the head entirely reticulate dorsally, the sub-basal cheek setae small, antennal segment VIII pedicellate with the base distinctly constricted, the fore tarsal tooth minute in female, the pelta with rather slender lateral wings, the intermediate seta between S1 and S2 on the tergite IX rather long, and sternite VIII of males with no pore plate. Because these character states are shared, this species may be closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851DC327DD46A3D9ACAA73E1" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1123,1244,649,675]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DD46A3D9ACAA73E1" box="[1123,1244,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">H. flavipes</emphasis>
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together with
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DCA4A3D9A94B7385" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">H. brunneicinctus</emphasis>
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from
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and
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DB37A3FDAAF87385" box="[530,654,686,711]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">H. aseanae</emphasis>
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newly described above from Southeast Asia (they are named tentatively
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327D9B2A382A89873A9" box="[151,238,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">flavipes</emphasis>
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-group here). However,
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DB23A382AA2B73A9" box="[518,605,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">flavipes</emphasis>
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has four stout sense cones on antennal segment III, whereas
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DC17A382ADEA73A9" box="[1330,1436,721,747]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">coloratus</emphasis>
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has unusually only two sense cones on that segment. However,
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DA50A3A6AC6D724D" box="[885,1051,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">brunneicinctus</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DD73A3A5ACC4724D" box="[1110,1202,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">aseanae</emphasis>
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have morphological structures something intermediate between
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DBA7A24AAA9A7271" box="[642,748,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">coloratus</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DA01A24AAB0D7271" box="[804,891,793,819]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">flavipes</emphasis>
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with three sense cones on the antennal segment III. In addition to this species, at least three species, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851DC327DA12A26DABB07215" ID-CoL="3MJS5" authorityName="Okajima" authorityYear="2006" box="[823,966,829,855]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongatus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DA12A26DABB07215" box="[823,966,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">H. elongatus</emphasis>
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from
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,
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327DD7DA26DAC857215" box="[1112,1267,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">H. hemiflavus</emphasis>
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from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851DC327DC13A26EADEB7215" box="[1334,1437,829,855]" name="Australia" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">Australia</collectingCountry>
and
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327D9E3A231A93A7239" box="[198,332,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">H. tumiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from New York, North America, also have only two sense cones on antennal segment III, but these species may be not closely related to each other. Unfortunately, specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851DC327DD33A2D6AC1E72DD" box="[1046,1128,901,927]" name="Taiwan" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
have not been available for this study.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327D9E2A29DA9CE72A5" box="[199,440,973,1000]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B90F553F851DC327D89AA29EAA7E72A5" bold="true" box="[447,520,973,999]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851DC327D89AA29EAA7E72A5" box="[447,520,973,999]" name="Japan" pageId="21" pageNumber="43">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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female and
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<typeStatus id="54C0378F851DC327DA20A29DAB1372AA" box="[773,869,974,1000]" pageId="21" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
females and males from the
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(data described in
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)
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.
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<mods:identifier id="23A770541896CA1D91063C87654DD617" type="Zenodo-Dep">13211341</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2F575147D48AD0B00CACD7FBC2615EAD" type="ZooBank">373DBA20-A1A7-4A2D-856C-67BF13D83C41</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03D2383B851EC324D9B2A0ADACBA77BD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2383B851EC324D9B2A0ADACBA77BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D2383B851EC324D9B2A0ADACBA77BD" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" box="[151,557,510,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" blockId="22.[151,557,510,537]" box="[151,557,510,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<heading id="D08C3E41851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" bold="true" box="[151,557,510,537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" ID-CoL="3MJSB" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[151,557,510,537]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A0ADAA5B735B" bold="true" box="[151,557,510,537]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A0ADA9B0735B" bold="true" box="[151,454,510,537]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Hoplandrothrips flavipes</emphasis>
Bagnall
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361DAA6851EC324D9B2A310ACBA77BD" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC4892D851EC324D9B2A310AA127319" blockId="22.[151,612,579,603]" box="[151,612,579,603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D9B2A310AA5B7319" ID-CoL="3MJSB" authority="Bagnall, 1923" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,557,579,603]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A310A9E07319" box="[151,406,579,603]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Hoplandrothrips flavipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324D8B9A310AA5B7319" author="Bagnall, R. S." box="[412,557,579,603]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" pagination="624 - 631" refId="ref49146" refString="Bagnall, R. S. (1923) Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. XIII. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 12 (71), 624 - 631. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932308632986" type="journal article" year="1923">Bagnall, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 628.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D851EC324D9B2A3D9AAC177D6" blockId="22.[151,1437,649,1792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D9B2A3D9A96473E1" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[151,274,649,675]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A3D9A96473E1" box="[151,274,649,675]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally described from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DB5FA3D9AAB573E6" box="[634,707,650,676]" name="Kenya" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Kenya</collectingCountry>
and has six junior synonyms. It is widely distributed mainly in the tropics and subtropics around the world, extending to the temperate region in
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DD02A3FDAC1C738A" box="[1063,1130,686,712]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
. Sometimes, it makes large colonies on dead leafy branches in Southeast Asia and
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DA2FA381AB3B73AE" box="[778,845,722,748]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
. In spite of the wide distribution of this species, the morphological characteristics are relatively stable, and there is no significant difference depending on the locality. However, colouration of the median abdominal segments is often variable. In most individuals from Southeast Asia to
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D990A26DA88E721A" box="[181,248,830,856]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
, abdominal segment III is usually yellowish, paler than segment II, and segments IV to VII are gradually darkened posteriorly in the female, but this is rather indistinct in the male, and often these segments are uniformly brown in both sexes. Moreover, according to
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324DB97A2D6ABBC72DD" author="Ananthakrishnan, T. N." box="[690,970,901,927]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" pagination="99 - 120" refId="ref48944" refString="Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (1964) Thysanopterologica Indica - I. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 85, 99 - 120." type="journal article" year="1964">Ananthakrishnan (1964)</bibRefCitation>
, this species from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DD88A2D6AC9172DD" box="[1197,1255,901,927]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">India</collectingCountry>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DC29A2D6AA307281" authority="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" authorityName="Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phlaeothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DC29A2D6A89E7281" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Phlaeothrips indicus</emphasis>
Ramakrishna &amp; Margabandhu
</taxonomicName>
) has the metathorax and abdominal segment I yellowish at least in females. It is unusual in having four stout sense cones on antennal segment III, but this character state is shared with four congeners from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D86EA2A1A9FD754E" box="[331,395,1010,1036]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324D8BCA2A2AA4D7549" author="Okajima, S." box="[409,571,1009,1035]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima 2006</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DB52A2A1AB777549" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[631,769,1009,1035]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DB52A2A1AB777549" box="[631,769,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. formosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
newly described below from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DD6FA2A2ACD67549" box="[1098,1184,1009,1035]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
. These sense cones are placed in an almost usual position for
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DB1EA546AA98756D" ID-CoL="K59" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[571,750,1045,1071]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phlaeothripinae">Phlaeothripinae</taxonomicName>
, two sense cones on each inner and outer apex of the segment, but the outer one frequently situated ventrally. However, although these six species share the same sense cone formula on antennal segment III, they are not necessarily closely related to each other. Some large sized species, which are named temporarily
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D8C9A5D2AA0675D9" ID-CoL="6MCHH" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[492,624,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D8C9A5D2AA0675D9" box="[492,624,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">ryukyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group here, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DA7BA5D2ABB075D9" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[862,966,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DA7BA5D2ABB075D9" box="[862,966,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">formosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DAF3A5D1ACAE75D9" box="[982,1240,1154,1179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DAF3A5D1AC4675D9" ID-CoL="3MJT3" authorityName="Okajima" authorityYear="2006" box="[982,1072,1154,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jennyae">jennyae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DD19A5D1ACAE75D9" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1084,1240,1154,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quinqueconus">quinqueconus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DC34A5D2ADE375D9" ID-CoL="6MCHH" baseAuthorityName="Okajima" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1297,1429,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ryukyuensis">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DC34A5D2ADE375D9" box="[1297,1429,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">ryukyuensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are undoubtedly not so closely related to this species. Moreover, even in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DADFA5F6AC2775FD" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1018,1105,1189,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DADFA5F6AC2775FD" box="[1018,1105,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DD8FA5F5AD5F75FD" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1194,1321,1190,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aseanae">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DD8FA5F5AD5F75FD" box="[1194,1321,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. aseanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D837A599A9AA75A1" ID-CoL="3MJRL" authorityName="Mound &amp; Tree" authorityYear="2013" box="[274,476,1225,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneicinctus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D837A599A9AA75A1" box="[274,476,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. brunneicinctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DB04A59AAAFE75A1" box="[545,648,1225,1251]" name="Australia" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Australia</collectingCountry>
are probably closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DACAA59AAC3075A1" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[1007,1094,1225,1251]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DACAA59AAC3075A1" box="[1007,1094,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though they have three sense cones on that antennal segment. Similarly,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DB5BA5BDAA817445" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[638,759,1262,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asianus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DB5BA5BDAA817445" box="[638,759,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. asianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above and
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DAC8A5BDACF57445" ID-CoL="3MJTP" box="[1005,1155,1261,1287]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DAC8A5BDACF57445" box="[1005,1155,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. ochraceus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DDEFA5BDAD7C744A" box="[1226,1290,1262,1288]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
appear to be included in the
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324D866A442A9EC7469" ID-CoL="3MJSB" box="[323,410,1297,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavipes">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D866A442A9EC7469" box="[323,410,1297,1323]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">flavipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group and also have three sense cones on segment III, despite the maxillary stylets scarcely longer and closer together. Finally,
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DB01A465AAC6740D" ID-CoL="6MCGF" box="[548,688,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coloratus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DB01A465AAC6740D" box="[548,688,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">H. coloratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also be included in this group, although it has only two sense cones on antennal segment III. These species share the following character states: head a little longer than wide, almost entirely sculptured with polygonal reticulation, but reticles often very weak; sub-basal cheek setae rather small; antennal segment VIII distinctly constricted basally, pedicellate; maxillary stylets close together medially, but narrowly apart, retracted to postocular setae, usually not reaching eyes; fore tarsal tooth absent or weakly developed in female; pelta hat-shaped with slender lateral wings; abdominal sternite VIII with no pore plate in male. Considering these relationships, and the character state of sense cones on antennal segment III, there is a possibility that this species is not as closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE851EC324DBDBA762ABC17709" ID-CoL="49CF" authority="Bagnall" authorityName="Bagnall" box="[766,951,1585,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Ecacanthothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DBDBA762ABC17709" box="[766,951,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Ecacanthothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species as considered previously.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324DC19A762A894772D" author="Okajima, S." pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima (2006)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed and illustrated this species based on a long series of females and males collected mainly from both subtropical and temperate regions of
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DB55A729AAC577D6" box="[624,691,1658,1684]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC4892D851EC324D9E2A7CDACBA77BD" blockId="22.[151,1437,649,1792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9E2A7CDA9C777F5" box="[199,433,1693,1720]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Specimens examined</emphasis>
(detailed data are omitted). Numerous females and males from the following localities:
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A792A97A7799" bold="true" box="[151,268,1729,1755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D9B2A792A97A7799" box="[151,268,1729,1755]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF851EC324D83AA792A9277799" box="[287,337,1729,1755]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Bali</collectingRegion>
, Lombok and
<collectingRegion id="49BF47CF851EC324DB25A792AA1C7799" box="[512,618,1729,1755]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
);
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DBA4A792AB0C7799" bold="true" box="[641,890,1729,1755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DA28A792AB0C7799" box="[781,890,1729,1755]" name="Malaysia" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DAA8A792AC707799" bold="true" box="[909,1030,1729,1755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324DAA8A792AC707799" box="[909,1030,1729,1755]" name="Singapore" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324DD3CA792AC067799" bold="true" box="[1049,1136,1729,1755]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Borneo</emphasis>
(Kalimantan and Sabah);
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D9B2A7B6A97277BD" bold="true" box="[151,260,1765,1791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D9B2A7B6A97277BD" box="[151,260,1765,1791]" name="Thailand" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D836A7B6A91D77BD" bold="true" box="[275,363,1765,1791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D836A7B6A91D77BD" box="[275,363,1765,1791]" name="Taiwan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="B90F553F851EC324D85CA7B6A9B477BD" bold="true" box="[377,450,1765,1791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD851EC324D85CA7B6A9B477BD" box="[377,450,1765,1791]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
(Honshu, Ogasawara and Ryukyu, data described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAF4DC851EC324DD30A7B6ACB677BD" author="Okajima, S." box="[1045,1216,1765,1791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="44" refId="ref50461" refString="Okajima, S. (2006) The Suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera). In: The Insects of Japan. Vol. 2. The Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo Co. Ltd., Fukuoka, pp. 1 - 720." type="book" year="2006">Okajima, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>

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Distended body length:
. Distended body length:
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) 0.52 times as long as head, 1.93 times as long as wide in
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<mods:number id="ECC0AB3EAE84000D6E5B100434AD476F">5489</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="CECE403E414B2ECF0D85D02D4147C08E">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5489.1.4</mods:url>
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Key to
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE852AC310D9D4A531A9FA753F" ID-CoL="6NN5" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday" box="[241,396,1122,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phlaeothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90F553F852AC310D9D4A531A9FA753F" bold="true" box="[241,396,1122,1149]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">Phlaeothrips</emphasis>
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species from
<collectingCountry id="F36CC9BD852AC310DB10A531AAE9753E" box="[565,671,1122,1148]" name="Vietnam" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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1. Antennal segments III–VIII largely brown (
<figureCitation id="134095A8852AC310DBADA5FBAAAB75FF" box="[648,733,1192,1214]" captionStart="FIGURES 271–278" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@65.[198,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 271–278. Phlaeothrips annamensis sp. n., male. (271) Head, prothorax and fore leg, large male; (272) head, prothorax and fore leg, small male; (273) antenna; (274) metanotum and pelta, large male; (275) metanotum, small male; (276) prosternum and mesopresternum; (277) sub-basal wing setae; (278) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211435/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">Fig. 273</figureCitation>
); antennal segment VIII constricted basally, pedicellate, segments III–VI with short apical neck; mouth cone short and rather pointed, not reaching prosternal ferna (
<figureCitation id="134095A8852AC310DD60A596ACEC7599" box="[1093,1178,1221,1243]" captionStart="FIGURES 271–278" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@65.[198,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 271–278. Phlaeothrips annamensis sp. n., male. (271) Head, prothorax and fore leg, large male; (272) head, prothorax and fore leg, small male; (273) antenna; (274) metanotum and pelta, large male; (275) metanotum, small male; (276) prosternum and mesopresternum; (277) sub-basal wing setae; (278) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211435/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">Fig. 276</figureCitation>
); fore wing with more than 45 duplicated cilia; pelta trapezoidal (
<figureCitation id="134095A8852AC310DB69A5B1AAD775B5" box="[588,673,1250,1272]" captionStart="FIGURES 271–278" captionStartId="65.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[198,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-32@65.[198,1389,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="65" captionText="FIGURES 271–278. Phlaeothrips annamensis sp. n., male. (271) Head, prothorax and fore leg, large male; (272) head, prothorax and fore leg, small male; (273) antenna; (274) metanotum and pelta, large male; (275) metanotum, small male; (276) prosternum and mesopresternum; (277) sub-basal wing setae; (278) tube." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211435/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">Fig. 274</figureCitation>
); abdominal tergites II–VI each with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae; sternite VIII of male with arched narrow pore plate............................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE852AC310DDCCA5ACADEA7457" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1257,1436,1279,1301]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phlaeothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F852AC310DDCCA5ACAD167456" bold="true" box="[1257,1376,1279,1300]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">annamensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE844852AC310DC43A453ADEA7457" box="[1382,1436,1280,1301]" pageId="34" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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- Antennal segment III yellow on basal 1/2, brown on distal 1/2 (
<figureCitation id="134095A8852AC310DA7CA44EABD87471" box="[857,942,1309,1331]" captionStart="FIGURES 279–288" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@66.[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 279–288. Phlaeothrips tonkinensis sp. n. (279) Head and prothorax, female; (280) head, prothorax and fore leg, male; (281) fore tibia and tarsus, female; (282) metanotum and pelta, female; (283) pelta, male; (284) tube, female; (285) antennal segments III–IV, female; (286) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (287) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (288) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211439/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">Fig. 285</figureCitation>
), segments IV–VI brown with pedicels yellowish; antennal segment VIII not constricted basally (
<figureCitation id="134095A8852AC310DB95A469AB707412" box="[688,774,1338,1360]" captionStart="FIGURES 279–288" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@66.[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 279–288. Phlaeothrips tonkinensis sp. n. (279) Head and prothorax, female; (280) head, prothorax and fore leg, male; (281) fore tibia and tarsus, female; (282) metanotum and pelta, female; (283) pelta, male; (284) tube, female; (285) antennal segments III–IV, female; (286) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (287) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (288) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211439/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">Fig. 286</figureCitation>
), cone-shaped, segments III–VI truncate at apex; mouth cone long, reaching prosternal ferna (
<figureCitation id="134095A8852AC310D8F9A40BAA46742F" box="[476,560,1368,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 279–288" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@66.[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 279–288. Phlaeothrips tonkinensis sp. n. (279) Head and prothorax, female; (280) head, prothorax and fore leg, male; (281) fore tibia and tarsus, female; (282) metanotum and pelta, female; (283) pelta, male; (284) tube, female; (285) antennal segments III–IV, female; (286) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (287) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (288) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211439/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">Fig. 287</figureCitation>
); fore wing with less than 30 duplicated cilia; pelta bell-shaped (
<figureCitation id="134095A8852AC310DDAAA40BAD51742F" box="[1167,1319,1368,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 279–288" captionStartId="66.[151,264,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-17@66.[205,1382,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="FIGURES 279–288. Phlaeothrips tonkinensis sp. n. (279) Head and prothorax, female; (280) head, prothorax and fore leg, male; (281) fore tibia and tarsus, female; (282) metanotum and pelta, female; (283) pelta, male; (284) tube, female; (285) antennal segments III–IV, female; (286) antennal segments III–VIII, female; (287) prosternum and mesopresternum, female; (288) sub-basal wing setae, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13211439" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13211439/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">Figs 282 &amp; 283</figureCitation>
); abdominal tergites II–VII each with two pairs of sigmoid wing-retaining setae; sternite VIII of male without pore plate....................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C7BF2AE852AC310DDCAA4C1ADEA74E5" authorityName="Okajima &amp; Masumoto" authorityYear="2024" box="[1263,1436,1426,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Phlaeothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tonkinensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90F553F852AC310DDCAA4C1AD1674EA" bold="true" box="[1263,1376,1426,1448]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="56">tonkinensis</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CE844852AC310DC43A4C1ADEA74E5" box="[1382,1436,1426,1447]" pageId="34" pageNumber="56" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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