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<mods:title id="D57A4851BE27F99BB87201459BBE5879">On the status of the species of Acanthistius (Gill, 1862) (Percoidei) in the South-West Atlantic Ocean</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="72D14664C90E4D06FF13FD14FE71FD04" bold="true" box="[151,444,679,705]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Acanthistius brasilianus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FE48FD14FCFAFD04" author="Cuvier" box="[460,823,679,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Cuvier, M. &amp; Valenciennes, L. B. (1828) Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Museau de Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 2, 397." type="journal article" year="1828">Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes, 1828</bibRefCitation>
)
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(
<figureCitation id="D89E86F3C90E4D06FF1BFD79FEC3FD21" box="[159,270,714,740]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[234,1355,363,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[226,1360,357,1625]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Geographic ranges of Acanthistius brasilianus (dotted line, 15 º to 23 º S) and A. patachonicus (solid line, 23 º to 48 º S). (1) Type locality of A. brasilianus (15 º S, off Ilehus); (2) Type localities of A. patachonicus, off Argentina (near mouth of La Plata River and 38 ° 20 ’ S)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182826/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Figures 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="D89E86F3C90E4D06FE99FD79FEE1FD21" box="[285,300,714,740]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1705,1729]" captionTargetBox="[224,1358,394,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[224,1358,394,1684]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Reference specimens. (A) Syntype of Acanthistius brasilianus (MNHN, Paris). (B) “ Topotypic ” specimen of A. patachonicus collected in the immediacy of one of the two type localities (MACN Buenos Aires 5004, 38.4 ºS, 1963, TL 24.6 cm, preserved in ETOH)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182827/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">2</figureCitation>
A, 3, 4 A)
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<emphasis id="72D14664C90E4D06FF13FCA6FE6AFCE9" box="[151,423,789,812]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Plectropoma brasilianum</emphasis>
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: 397
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–398; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FCE5FCA6FBFEFCE9" author="Gunther" box="[865,1075,789,812]" page="164" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1859">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FCE5FCA6FC30FCE9" author="Gunther" box="[865,1021,789,812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Gunther, A. (1859) Catalogue of Acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum London. British Museum of London, 1, 164." type="journal article" year="1859">Günther, 1859</bibRefCitation>
: 164
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.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="60B5BD58C90E4D06FF13FC86FEB2FC49" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="87A5E1F5C90E4D06FF13FC86FE57FC89" ID-CoL="64CRF" box="[151,410,821,844]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Acanthistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasilianus">
<emphasis id="72D14664C90E4D06FF13FC86FE57FC89" box="[151,410,821,844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Acanthistius brasilianus</emphasis>
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: 
<collectingCountry id="38B2DAE6C90E4D06FE2DFC86FE3DFC89" box="[425,496,821,844]" name="Jordan" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Jordan</collectingCountry>
&amp; Eigenman, 1888: 348; Berg, 1899: 46–48; Miranda Ribeiro, 1917: 8–39; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FAADFC86FEE9FCA9" author="Devicenzi" page="91" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FAADFC86FECDFCA9" author="Devicenzi" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Devicenzi, G. A. (1924) Peces del Uruguay. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 1, 91 - 293." type="journal article" year="1924">Devicenzi, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 91
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–923; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FEECFCE6FDEDFCA9" author="Fowler" box="[360,544,853,876]" page="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FEECFCE6FE34FCA9" author="Fowler" box="[360,505,853,876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1951) The brazilian and patagonian fishes of the Wilkes expedition. In: Boletim do Instituto Paulista do Oceanografia, pp. 3 - 40." type="book chapter" year="1951">Fowler, 1951</bibRefCitation>
: 19
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FDA8FCE6FC5CFCA9" author="Ringuelet" box="[556,913,853,876]" page="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FDA8FCE6FCA4FCA9" author="Ringuelet" box="[556,873,853,876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Ringuelet, A. R. &amp; Aramburu, R. H. (1960) Peces marinos de la replublica Argentina. Agro, Buenos Aires, 141 pp." type="book" year="1960">Ringuelet &amp; Arámburu, 1960</bibRefCitation>
: 62
</treatmentCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FC18FCE6FB31FCA9" author="Figueiredo" box="[924,1276,853,876]" page="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FC18FCE6FB1AFCA9" author="Figueiredo" box="[924,1239,853,876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Figueiredo, J. L. &amp; Menezes, N. A. (1980) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. Museu de Zoologia Universidade do Sao Paulo, 2, 28 - 29." type="journal article" year="1980">Figueiredo &amp; Menezes, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 28
</treatmentCitation>
–29; Carvalho- 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FF43FCC6FEB6FC49" author="Filho" box="[199,379,885,908]" page="320" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FF43FCC6FE88FC49" author="Filho" box="[199,325,885,908]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Carvalho-Filho, A. (1999) Peixes da Costa Brasileira. Editora Melro, Sao Paulo, 320 pp." type="book" year="1999">Filho, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 320
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.
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<paragraph id="401A9A76C90E4D06FF13FC26FD82FC29" blockId="2.[151,1437,789,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="60B5BD58C90E4D06FF13FC26FD82FC29" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
Not 
<taxonomicName id="87A5E1F5C90E4D06FF4CFC26FD32FC69" ID-CoL="64CRF" authority="De Mahieu &amp; Capezzani, 1974: 209" authorityName="De Mahieu &amp; Capezzani" authorityPageNumber="209" authorityYear="1974" box="[200,767,917,940]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Serranidae" genus="Acanthistius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brasilianus">
<emphasis id="72D14664C90E4D06FF4CFC26FEADFC69" box="[200,352,917,940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">A. brasilianus</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FEF4FC26FD32FC69" author="De" box="[368,767,917,940]" page="209" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FEF4FC26FD04FC69" author="De" box="[368,713,917,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="De Mahieu, G. C. &amp; Capezzani, D. (1974) Estudio sistematico de Acanthistius brasilianus (Pisces, Teleostomi). Physis (Buenos Aires), 86, 209 - 227." type="journal article" year="1974">
<collectingCountry id="38B2DAE6C90E4D06FEF4FC26FE42FC69" box="[368,399,917,940]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">De</collectingCountry>
Mahieu &amp; Capezzani, 1974
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: 209
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–227, fig. 1; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FC09FC26FB12FC69" author="Ciechomski" box="[909,1247,917,940]" page="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FC09FC26FB75FC69" author="Ciechomski" box="[909,1208,917,940]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Ciechomski, J. D. &amp; Casia, M. C. (1976) Caracteristicas de la reproduccion y fecundidad del mero, Acanthistius brasilianus en el mar Argentino (Pisces Serranidae). Physis (Buenos Aires), 90, 27 - 36." type="journal article" year="1976">Ciechomski &amp; Casia, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 27
</treatmentCitation>
–36; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FA93FC26FEDEFC09" author="San" page="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FA93FC26FECDFC09" author="San" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="San Roman, N. A. (1980) Biologia, distribucion y crecimiento de Acanthistius brasilianus (Valenciennes, 1826) Jordan and Eigenman 1896. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Hamburgo." type="journal article" year="1980">San Roman, 1980</bibRefCitation>
: 1
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–50; Dell´ 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FE04FC06FD5EFC09" author="Arciprete" box="[384,659,949,972]" page="67" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FE04FC06FDA3FC09" author="Arciprete" box="[384,622,949,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Dell´Arciprete, P., Christiansen, H. E. &amp; Diaz de Astarloa, J. M. (1987) Observaciones del ciclo reproductivo del mero, Acanthistius brasilianus (Serranidae, Pisces). Revista de Investigacion y Desarrollo Pesquero, Mar del Plata (Argentina), 7, 67 - 84." type="journal article" year="1987">Arciprete et. al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 67
</treatmentCitation>
–84; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FD4CFC06FC40FC09" author="Cosseau" box="[712,909,949,972]" page="94" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FD4CFC06FCAAFC09" author="Cosseau" box="[712,871,949,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Cousseau, M. B. &amp; Perrotta, R. G. (2000) Peces marinos de Argentina: Biologia, distribucion y pesca. INIDEP, Mar del Plata (Argentina), 163 pp." type="book" year="2000">Cosseau, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 94
</treatmentCitation>
–95; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FC45FC06FBB6FC09" author="Rubinich" box="[961,1147,949,972]" page="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FC45FC06FBA4FC09" author="Rubinich" box="[961,1129,949,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Rubinich, J. P. (2001) Edad y crecimiento del mero Acanthistius brasilianus (Pisces Serranidae) en el golfo San Matias Argentina. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Argentina." type="book" year="2001">Rubinich, 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 1
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–44; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FB31FC06FAA5FC09" author="Irigoyen" box="[1205,1384,949,972]" page="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FB31FC06FA98FC09" author="Irigoyen" box="[1205,1365,949,972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Irigoyen, A. J. (2006) Distribucion espacial y temporal del mero (Acanthistius brasilianus) en la plataforma argentina. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia, Argentina." type="book" year="2006">Irigoyen, 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 1
</treatmentCitation>
–47; 
<treatmentCitation id="C104BC67C90E4D06FF43FC66FDD9FC29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507196" author="Irigoyen" box="[199,532,981,1004]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C80C2B60C90E4D07FF13FD14FB25FE97" page="349" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FF43FC66FE2DFC29" author="Irigoyen" box="[199,480,981,1004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Irigoyen, A. J. &amp; Venerus L. A. (2008) The`pole-hooking´method: a novel and economical technique for in situ tagging small to medium-sized fishes. Fisheries research, 91, 349 - 353." type="journal article" year="2008">Irigoyen &amp; Venerus, 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 349
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–353.
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<typeStatus id="9F1E24D4C90E4D06FF13FBA4FF19FBF4" box="[151,212,1047,1073]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FECEFBABFCC3FBF7" author="Cuvier" box="[330,782,1048,1074]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Cuvier, M. &amp; Valenciennes, L. B. (1828) Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Museau de Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 2, 397." type="journal article" year="1828" yearSuffix="p">Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes (1828, p. 397)</bibRefCitation>
mention only ‘Bresil’, and Delalande as collector. The catalogue of the 
<collectionCode id="26B402B3C90E4D06FEDEFBF3FE79FB9F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[346,436,1088,1114]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
indicates, more specifically, that the 
<typeStatus id="9F1E24D4C90E4D06FCEEFBF3FC50FB9F" box="[874,925,1088,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
material was collected by Delalande at 15° S, 35°, East of Ilheus, Bahia State (
<figureCitation id="D89E86F3C90E4D06FDC3FBDBFD42FB47" box="[583,655,1128,1154]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,255,1659,1683]" captionTargetBox="[234,1355,363,1615]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[226,1360,357,1625]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Geographic ranges of Acanthistius brasilianus (dotted line, 15 º to 23 º S) and A. patachonicus (solid line, 23 º to 48 º S). (1) Type locality of A. brasilianus (15 º S, off Ilehus); (2) Type localities of A. patachonicus, off Argentina (near mouth of La Plata River and 38 ° 20 ’ S)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182826/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). The longitude is most likely wrong. The information available from the MNHN’s catalogue does not indicate the date of collection. Pierre Antoine Delalande (
<date id="341BBCB6C90E4D06FB73FB23FA47FB6F" box="[1271,1418,1168,1194]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" value="1787" valueMax="1823">1787 – 1823</date>
), a French naturalist working for the 
<collectionCode id="26B402B3C90E4D06FDB6FB0BFD42FB17" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[562,655,1208,1234]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
, traveled to 
<collectingCountry id="38B2DAE6C90E4D06FC98FB0BFCAEFB17" box="[796,867,1208,1234]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
in 1816 to collect for the Museum. He arrived in Rio de Janeiro on 
<date id="341BBCB6C90E4D06FEEFFB51FE0DFB2B" box="[363,448,1248,1276]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">June 1st</date>
, and returned after a short collecting trip. So the time of collection is most likely the winter of 1816.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="401A9A76C90E4D06FF42FA81FD9EFAB1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1047,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="72D14664C90E4D06FF42FA81FE58FA89" bold="true" box="[198,405,1330,1356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<typeStatus id="9F1E24D4C90E4D06FF42FA81FECCFA89" box="[198,257,1330,1356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
repository:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="26B402B3C90E4D06FE1FFA81FE38FA89" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[411,501,1330,1356]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">MNHN</collectionCode>
Paris 0000-6407, two 
<typeStatus id="9F1E24D4C90E4D06FD79FA81FCAAFA89" box="[765,871,1330,1356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, SL: 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FC27FA81FBCCFA89" box="[931,1025,1330,1356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="12.5">12.5 cm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FBBDFA81FB59FA89" box="[1081,1172,1330,1356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.34" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="13.4">13.4cm</quantity>
; TL: 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FB57FA81FAFCFA89" box="[1235,1329,1330,1356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="15.4">15.4 cm</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FAEDFA81FF73FAB1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.63" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="16.3">16.3 cm</quantity>
, respectively; preserved in 
<collectionCode id="26B402B3C90E4D06FE79FAE9FD82FAB1" box="[509,591,1370,1396]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">ETOH</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="401A9A76C90E4D06FF42FA31FF01F9D1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1047,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="72D14664C90E4D06FF42FA31FE70FA59" bold="true" box="[198,445,1410,1436]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="26B402B3C90E4D06FE41FA31FDEAFA59" box="[453,551,1410,1436]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">MZUSP</collectionCode>
2388 São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="38B2DAE6C90E4D06FD73FA31FCF3FA59" box="[759,830,1410,1436]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(three specimens, TL: 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FBCBFA31FB7DFA59" box="[1103,1200,1410,1436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.21" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="12.1">12.1 cm</quantity>
, 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FB39FA31FAD2FA59" box="[1213,1311,1410,1436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="10.1">10.1 cm</quantity>
, 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FAAFFA31FA43FA59" box="[1323,1422,1410,1436]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="14.9">14.9 cm</quantity>
); 
<collectionCode id="26B402B3C90E4D06FF13FA19FF34FA01" box="[151,249,1450,1476]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">MZUSP</collectionCode>
14890 São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="38B2DAE6C90E4D06FE59FA19FDE9FA01" box="[477,548,1450,1476]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(four specimens, TL: 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FCB4FA19FC59FA01" box="[816,916,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="22.2">22.2 cm</quantity>
, 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FC25FA19FBC9FA01" box="[929,1028,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.87" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="28.7">28.7 cm</quantity>
, 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FB96FA19FBB8FA01" box="[1042,1141,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2399999999999998" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="22.4">22.4 cm</quantity>
, 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FB07FA19FB1CFA01" box="[1155,1233,1450,1476]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="28.0">28 cm</quantity>
); 
<collectionCode id="26B402B3C90E4D06FB6CFA19FA87FA01" box="[1256,1354,1450,1476]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">MZUSP</collectionCode>
70738 São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="38B2DAE6C90E4D06FEA4FA61FEA5FA29" box="[288,360,1490,1516]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(one specimen, TL: 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FDE7FA61FD05FA29" box="[611,712,1490,1516]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="10.4">10.4 cm</quantity>
); 
<collectionCode id="26B402B3C90E4D06FD5BFA61FC8CFA29" box="[735,833,1490,1516]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">MZUSP</collectionCode>
70743 São Paulo, 
<collectingCountry id="38B2DAE6C90E4D06FBA2FA61FBA3FA29" box="[1062,1134,1490,1516]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(one specimen, TL: 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FAEEFA61FF0DF9D1" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1099999999999999" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="11.1">11.1 cm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08BFC9FDC90E4D06FF42F991FD47F891" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="401A9A76C90E4D06FF42F991FE76F8C1" blockId="2.[151,1437,1047,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="72D14664C90E4D06FF42F991FE85F9F9" bold="true" box="[198,328,1570,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Anal fin with 3 spines and 8 soft rays; caudal fin truncated or slightly rounded; pectoral fins with 15–16 soft rays. Three large spines on the inferior margin of the preopercle, the anterior two pointing anteriorly. Lateral line with 56–61 pored scales. Pectoral fins at least 35% longer than pelvic fins. Light or dark brownish color; 5 silvery-grey to dark brown vertical bars on sides and caudal peduncle, well defined at all ages; belly light, whitish to yellowish; no vermiculated pattern in the body; fins with similar body color pattern. Up to 
<quantity id="875D3793C90E4D06FEC4F959FE44F8C1" box="[320,393,1770,1796]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
TL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="401A9A76C90E4D06FF42F8A1FD47F891" blockId="2.[151,1437,1047,2036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="72D14664C90E4D06FF42F8A1FE78F8E9" bold="true" box="[198,437,1810,1836]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Field observations:</emphasis>
Observed and photographed in its natural habitat during diving surveys conducted at Cabo Frio (
<collectingCountry id="38B2DAE6C90E4D06FE98F889FEAAF891" box="[284,359,1850,1876]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) in 
<date id="341BBCB6C90E4D06FE11F889FDEEF891" box="[405,547,1850,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" value="2008-03">March 2008</date>
(
<figureCitation id="D89E86F3C90E4D06FDB7F889FDB7F891" box="[563,634,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1418,1442]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,634,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,634,1388]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of Acanthistius brasilianus, recently caught (top) and in its natural habitat, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil, March 2007 (bottom)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182828/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="08BFC9FDC90E4D07FF42F8D1FB25FE97" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="401A9A76C90E4D07FF42F8D1FB25FE97" blockId="2.[151,1437,1047,2036]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,338]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="72D14664C90E4D06FF42F8D1FE8FF8B9" bold="true" box="[198,322,1890,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FECDF8D1FD62F8B9" author="Cuvier" box="[329,687,1890,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Cuvier, M. &amp; Valenciennes, L. B. (1828) Histoire Naturelle des Poissons. Museau de Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 2, 397." type="journal article" year="1828">Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes (1828)</bibRefCitation>
, Berg (1899), 
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FCD1F8D1FC32F8B9" author="Fowler" box="[853,1023,1890,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Fowler, H. W. (1951) The brazilian and patagonian fishes of the Wilkes expedition. In: Boletim do Instituto Paulista do Oceanografia, pp. 3 - 40." type="book chapter" year="1951">Fowler (1951)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FB8FF8D1FAA7F8B9" author="Figueiredo" box="[1035,1386,1890,1916]" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Figueiredo, J. L. &amp; Menezes, N. A. (1980) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. Museu de Zoologia Universidade do Sao Paulo, 2, 28 - 29." type="journal article" year="1980">Figueiredo &amp; Menezes (1980)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FF13F839FE52F861" author="Carvalho-Filho" box="[151,415,1930,1956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="58" refString="Carvalho-Filho, A. (1999) Peixes da Costa Brasileira. Editora Melro, Sao Paulo, 320 pp." type="book" year="1999">Carvalho-Filho (1999)</bibRefCitation>
reported a uniform brownish color with 5 or 6 vertical bands varying from bluish-grey to dark brown. Our observation of live and preserved specimens (
<figureCitation id="D89E86F3C90E4D06FC23F801FC22F809" box="[935,1007,1970,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,255,1418,1442]" captionTargetBox="[264,1322,634,1387]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[264,1323,634,1388]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photographs of Acanthistius brasilianus, recently caught (top) and in its natural habitat, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil, March 2007 (bottom)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182828/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="53">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) confirm that pattern. 
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90E4D06FB79F801FE9BF831" author="Figueiredo" pageId="2" pageNumber="59" refString="Figueiredo, J. L. &amp; Menezes, N. A. (1980) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. Museu de Zoologia Universidade do Sao Paulo, 2, 28 - 29." type="journal article" year="1980">Figueiredo &amp; Menezes (1980)</bibRefCitation>
reported a ratio between the lengths of the pectoral and pelvic fins in the range 1.43–1.56; among the specimens examined by us (n=9) the range was somewhat wider: 1.35 to 1.63. Fowler (1956) counted 112 scales on the lateral line, while 
<bibRefCitation id="2434E787C90F4D07FD29FF73FBD8FF1F" author="Figueiredo" box="[685,1045,192,218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="59" refString="Figueiredo, J. L. &amp; Menezes, N. A. (1980) Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. Museu de Zoologia Universidade do Sao Paulo, 2, 28 - 29." type="journal article" year="1980">Figueiredo &amp; Menezes (1980)</bibRefCitation>
counted 60; clearly, Fowler (op. cit.) was referring to the total number of scales (lateral scale series), and Figueiredo &amp; Menezes (op. cit.) to pored scales. In the specimens examined by us the number of pored lateral line scales ranged between 58 and 61. There are three spines on the preopercle and opercle (
<figureCitation id="D89E86F3C90F4D07FCB2FE8BFCB6FE97" box="[822,891,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,255,755,779]" captionTargetBox="[209,1379,197,729]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[205,1381,194,732]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Opercular and preopercular spines. (A) Acanthistius brasilianus. (B) A. patachonicus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182829/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A), as noticed by Berg (1899).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>