treatments-xml/data/03/AB/5A/03AB5A19FFD2FFA50292B86A0B24FE54.xml

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<mods:title id="3FC8AEA396B86FE355A6CEF0A7D2026E">Two new balsams (Balsaminaceae) from Eastern Himalayas, India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA3001249C30C3F68E5186A590C70F7B">Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8B0CBCEC4B82AF4CB342D0726874216E">Malabar Botanical Garden and Institute for Plant Sciences, Olavanna, Kozhikode- 673 014, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9564C7AC11185E582008EC0B4D87949C">Sabu, Mamiyil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="13A24D12CCE60D4A11009CB38F22928D">Malabar Botanical Garden and Institute for Plant Sciences, Olavanna, Kozhikode- 673 014, Kerala, India</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B976371DFFD2FFA00292B86A0882FDA3" bold="true" box="[136,157,553,579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02908CFFD2FFA002BEB86A0A8EFDA3" ID-CoL="3PKGH" authority="Hareesh &amp; M.Sabu" authorityName="Hareesh &amp; M. Sabu" authorityYear="2020" box="[164,657,552,579]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shiyomiensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD2FFA002BEB86A09ADFDA3" bold="true" box="[164,434,552,579]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Impatiens shiyomiensis</emphasis>
Hareesh &amp; M.Sabu
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2458A66FFD2FFA0008DB8690AF3FDA3" box="[663,748,554,579]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
<figureCitation id="1339F78AFFD2FFA000E1B86A0B56FDA3" box="[763,841,553,579]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,190,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-21@4.[179,1408,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Impatiens shiyomiensis. Habitat. Photos by V.S. Hareesh." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13873767" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13873767/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1339F78AFFD2FFA0014CB86A0B7AFDA3" box="[854,869,553,579]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,190,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[179,1408,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Impatiens shiyomiensis. A. Habit. B.. Flower side view. C. Flower front view. D. Lateral sepal adaxial view. E &amp; F. Dorsal petal (adaxial and abaxial view). G &amp; H. Lateral united petals (adaxial and abaxial view). I. Lower sepal with spur. J. Column showing stamen and carpel. K. immature capsule. L. Capsule (mature). Photos by M. Sabu &amp; V.S. Hareesh." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13873769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13873769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">4</figureCitation>
)
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The new species is morphologically similar to 
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<taxonomicName id="4C02908CFFD2FFA0008EB8310B24FD6B" authorityName="Gogoi &amp; Borah" authorityYear="2017" box="[660,827,625,651]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rugosipetala">I. rugosipetala</taxonomicName>
,
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but differs from the latter in having erect inflorescence (vs. pendent), white flowers with yellow throat (vs. brick red or reddish with yellow throat and margins), glabrous petals (vs. rugose) and clavate capsule (vs. linear). It also shows similarities with 
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<emphasis id="B976371DFFD2FFA00615B8F90CDBFD33" box="[1039,1220,697,723]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">I. drepanophora</emphasis>
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but differs in having acute bract apex (vs. aristate with 
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long awn), obliquely-ovate to triangular lateral sepals with acuminate apex (vs. ovate-falcate, apex aristate with 
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long curved awn) and lorate distal lobe of lateral united petals (vs. oblong to dolabriform) (
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).
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. 
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: Shi-Yomi district, 
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away from Siko Dido Water fall towards Mechuka, ± 
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, 
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. Sabu &amp; 
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. 
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. Hareesh
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158764 (
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!, 
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Terrestrial non-succulent herbs, 
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long; stem branched, sub-terete or rarely minutely ridged, pale green, glabrous; internodes 
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long, pale pinkish-green at base and pale green towards the apex, glabrous; nodes swollen when mature. Leaves alternate at distal part and spirally arranged proximally along the stem, petiolate; lamina 2.5–12 × 
<quantity id="4CFA46EAFFD2FFA002F5BE060947FBBF" box="[239,344,1093,1120]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="8.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="5.25" valueMax="8.5" valueMin="2.0">2–8.5 cm</quantity>
, ovate or elliptic, caudate-acuminate at apex, crenate at margin, crenations apiculate, cuneate at base, dark green above and pale beneath, glabrous on both sides; lateral nerves 5–9 on each side of the mid-vein, abaxially prominent; petiole 
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long, slender, slightly winged, pale green, glabrous; petiolar glands rare, subulate, pale green, glabrous. Inflorescence axillary raceme, 5–7-flowered; peduncle 
<quantity id="4CFA46EAFFD2FFA001B0BEF20C14FB2B" box="[938,1035,1201,1227]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="8.0">8–10 cm</quantity>
long, glabrous; bract ca. 2 × 
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, ovate, acute at apex, pale green, glabrous, caducous. Flowers white with yellow throat; pedicel 
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long at flowering and elongates up to 
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long in fruiting stage, pale green, glabrous; lateral sepals 2, 2–2.5 × ca. 
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, obliquely-ovate to triangular, apex acuminate, transparent or pale green with pale pink coloration towards the apex, glabrous; dorsal petal 10–12 × 
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, orbicular, apex shallowly emarginated, white, glabrous; lateral united petals 23–27 × 
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, 2-lobed, white with yellow throat; basal lobe 6–7 × 
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, obovate to triangular, yellow with white towards the margins; distal lobe 17–20 × 
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, lorate, twisted, rounded or obtuse at apex, white; dorsal auricle inconspicuous, deep yellow; lower sepal 15–18 × 
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at mouth, navicular, apex with ca. 
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sharp beak, white, faced straight in floral bud and re-curved and faced parallel to the lower sepal in flowering stage, glabrous; spur 
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long, cylindrical, apex entire, deeply outwardly curved, white, glabrous. Column 3.5–4 × 
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, slightly bent towards the apex; filaments ca. 2 × 
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, white, glabrous; anthers ca. 1.5 × 
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, yellow, glabrous. Pistil ca. 2.5 × 
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; ovary ellipsoid, pale green, glabrous. Capsule 11–14 × ca. 
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, clavate, green, glabrous; seeds ca. 2 × 
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, obovate, cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDEB0FFFD2FFA002A7BCC60A31F97F" blockId="3.[136,1452,985,1983]" box="[189,558,1669,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD2FFA002A7BCC60940F97F" bold="true" box="[189,351,1669,1695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Phenology:—</emphasis>
August to October
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C318B884FFD2FFA502A7BCEA0B24FE54" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BBDEB0FFFD2FFA002A7BCEA0A11F907" blockId="3.[136,1452,985,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD2FFA002A7BCEA097BF923" bold="true" box="[189,356,1705,1731]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Etymology:—</emphasis>
The specific epithet named after Shi-Yomi District, one of the newly formed district in 
<collectingRegion id="49C625EDFFD2FFA0072DBCEA08FBF907" country="India" name="Arunachal Pradesh" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Arunachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, 
<typeStatus id="54B955ADFFD2FFA002F5BC8E0900F907" box="[239,287,1741,1767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">type</typeStatus>
locality of the taxon.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDEB0FFFD2FFA002A7BCB20968F85F" blockId="3.[136,1452,985,1983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD2FFA002A7BCB209F9F8EB" bold="true" box="[189,486,1777,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">Habitat and distribution</emphasis>
:—The new species known only from 
<typeStatus id="54B955ADFFD2FFA00185BCB20BD0F8EB" box="[927,975,1777,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294">type</typeStatus>
locality, 
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from Siko Dido Water fall towards Mechuka, Shi-Yomi District of 
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. Populations were observed moist areas near the streams at an altitude of around 
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a.s.l. During our expedition, we observed only three populations with more than 30 mature individuals. At present, the new species faces no serious threat. However, road broadening may affect the natural habitat, which would result in the decrease in number of Individuals (
<bibRefCitation id="EF9396FEFFD2FFA00638BDC20CB2F87B" author="IUCN" box="[1058,1197,1921,1947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="294" refId="ref3872" refString="IUCN. (2001) IUCN red list categories and criteria Ver. 3.1. Information Press, Oxford." type="book" year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
). Further conservation measures are needed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DBB87FFD5FFA70292BDE20B35F857" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13873767" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13873767" box="[136,810,1953,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13873767/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" startId="4.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[179,1408,190,1929]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBDEB0FFFD5FFA70292BDE20B35F857" blockId="4.[136,810,1953,1975]" box="[136,810,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD5FFA70292BDE208E8F856" bold="true" box="[136,247,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD5FFA70319BDE109F5F856" box="[259,490,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="295">
<taxonomicName id="4C02908CFFD5FFA70319BDE109F9F856" authorityName="Hareesh &amp; M. Sabu" authorityYear="2020" box="[259,486,1953,1975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="295" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shiyomiensis">Impatiens shiyomiensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Habitat. Photos by V.S. Hareesh.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7DBB87FFD4FFA60292BDE20C26F81F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13873769" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13873769" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13873769/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" startId="5.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[179,1408,190,1929]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BBDEB0FFFD4FFA60292BDE20C26F81F" blockId="5.[136,1451,1953,2047]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD4FFA60292BDE208E7F856" bold="true" box="[136,248,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C02908CFFD4FFA6031FBDE109F9F856" authorityName="Hareesh &amp; M. Sabu" authorityYear="2020" box="[261,486,1953,1975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="296" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="shiyomiensis">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD4FFA6031FBDE109F9F856" box="[261,486,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="296">Impatiens shiyomiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Habit. B.. Flower side view. C. Flower front view. D. Lateral sepal adaxial view. E &amp; F. Dorsal petal (adaxial and abaxial view). G &amp; H. Lateral united petals (adaxial and abaxial view). I. Lower sepal with spur. J. Column showing stamen and carpel. K. immature capsule. L. Capsule (mature). Photos by M. Sabu &amp; V.S. Hareesh.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDEB0FFFD7FFA502A7BADD0B24FE54" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD7FFA502A7BADD0904FF58" bold="true" box="[189,283,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">Note:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02908CFFD7FFA50301BADC0A31FF58" box="[283,558,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="drepanophora">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD7FFA50301BADC0A31FF58" box="[283,558,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">Impatiens drepanophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the widespread balsams distributed in the Eastern Himalayan regions of 
<collectingCountry id="F315AB9FFFD7FFA50292BA8108D1FF3C" box="[136,206,194,220]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F315AB9FFFD7FFA502C3BA81090AFF3C" box="[217,277,194,220]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">India</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F315AB9FFFD7FFA5033BBA800991FF3D" box="[289,398,195,221]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F315AB9FFFD7FFA503DEBA810A14FF3C" box="[452,523,194,220]" name="Nepal" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">Nepal</collectingCountry>
. Though, the flowers show variations in the colour patters, certain floral characters such as the presence of prominent awn on the apex of bracts, lateral sepals and lower sepal (falcate) are constant. Yellow coloured flowers are common throughout the Himalayas (
<figureCitation id="1339F78AFFD7FFA50103BB490B76FEC5" box="[793,873,266,293]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1875,1897]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,461,1850]" captionTargetId="figure-155@6.[151,1435,461,1850]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Impatiens drepanophora (Yellow form).A.Habit.B.Arrow mark indicating prominent awn on bract.C.Arrow mark indicating curved awn on the lateral sepals of the inflorescence. Photos by V.S. Hareesh." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13873771" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13873771/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
). However, white coloured forms are also reported form 
<collectingCountry id="F315AB9FFFD7FFA502DDBB6C092BFEA9" box="[199,308,303,329]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9396FEFFD7FFA50359BB6D0A6EFEA8" author="Ruchisansakun, S. &amp; Suksathan, P. &amp; van der Niet, T. &amp; Smets, E. F. &amp; Lwin, S. &amp; Janssens S. B." box="[323,625,302,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="297" pagination="199 - 267" refId="ref4223" refString="Ruchisansakun, S., Suksathan, P., van der Niet, T., Smets, E. F., Lwin, S. &amp; Janssens S. B. (2018) Balsaminaceae of Myanmar. Blumea 63: 199 - 267." type="journal article" year="2018">
Ruchisansakun 
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD7FFA503ECBB6C0A2FFEA8" box="[502,560,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
) and pale purple forms from 
<collectingCountry id="F315AB9FFFD7FFA501A5BB6D0C1DFEA8" box="[959,1026,302,328]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF9396FEFFD7FFA5060BBB6D0C68FEA8" author="Yu, S. X." box="[1041,1143,302,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="297" refId="ref4346" refString="Yu, S. X. (2012) Balsaminaceae of China. Peking University Press, Beijing, 215 pp." type="book" year="2012">Yu 2012</bibRefCitation>
). During the expeditions in Arunachal Pradesh, we noticed purple forms of 
<taxonomicName id="4C02908CFFD7FFA500BABB100B49FE8C" box="[672,854,338,364]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Balsaminaceae" genus="Impatiens" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="6" pageNumber="297" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="drepanophora">
<emphasis id="B976371DFFD7FFA500BABB100B49FE8C" box="[672,854,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">I. drepanophora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which occur towards Along from Mechuka (
<figureCitation id="1339F78AFFD7FFA50754BB110D82FE8C" box="[1358,1437,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,190,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[179,1408,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Impatiens drepanophora (Pale purple form).A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Bracts. D &amp; G. Dorsal petal (adaxial and abaxial view). E &amp; H. Lateral sepal (adaxial and abaxial view). F &amp; I. Lateral united petals (adaxial and abaxial view). J. Lower sepal with spur. K. Column showing stamen and carpel. L. Capsule (mature). Photos by M. Sabu &amp; V.S. Hareesh." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13873773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13873773/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
). The entire plant (both vegetative and reproductive) shows maximum similarities with the yellow forms except in the moderate curvature of the lateral sepal’s awn (
<figureCitation id="1339F78AFFD7FFA50094BBD90B30FE54" box="[654,815,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,190,1929]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[179,1408,190,1929]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Impatiens drepanophora (Pale purple form).A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Bracts. D &amp; G. Dorsal petal (adaxial and abaxial view). E &amp; H. Lateral sepal (adaxial and abaxial view). F &amp; I. Lateral united petals (adaxial and abaxial view). J. Lower sepal with spur. K. Column showing stamen and carpel. L. Capsule (mature). Photos by M. Sabu &amp; V.S. Hareesh." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13873773" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13873773/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="297">Figs. 6 E &amp; H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>