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<document id="D1243CFCA2670E86C042AABECE0B511E" ID-CLB-Dataset="56026" ID-DOI="10.11646/megataxa.3.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1ece557d-068b-465b-809e-0fc1110035b3" ID-ISSN="2703-3090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6422776" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614076789781" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nakayama, Naohide" docDate="2020" docId="B711B23FFF3B86FCDA3FC5BDFB7E7E86" docLanguage="en" docName="megataxa.3.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Megataxa 3 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310.5:Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="50B6B96D96A55C21793B52C23E95B310" docStyleName="Megataxa.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Malacocephalus Gunther 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="239" masterDocId="4B28CA47FFD68612D915C228FFE77D35" masterDocTitle="Grenadiers (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) of Japan and adjacent waters, a taxonomic monograph" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="238" updateTime="1698930971026" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="850BD9CB0643AA39D04C46FDAEC5CEC9">Grenadiers (Teleostei: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) of Japan and adjacent waters, a taxonomic monograph</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="50A1D004CAD17DB45A4838759D494019">Nakayama, Naohide</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="47EB21FC0EE877D399CA006F02175EC3">Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3 - 20 - 1 Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424 - 8610, Japan ® naonakayama @ tsc. u-tokai. ac. jp or ®</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="B711B23FFF3B86FCDA3FC5BDFB7E7E86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6456246" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194588039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6456246" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B711B23FFF3B86FCDA3FC5BDFB7E7E86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B711B23FFF3B86FCDA3FC5BDFB7E7E86" lastPageId="238" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
<subSubSection id="77A250A2FF3B86FFDA3FC5BDFAE57A9A" box="[810,1282,1941,1968]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3B86FFDA3FC5BDFAE57A9A" blockId="237.[810,1282,1941,2002]" box="[810,1282,1941,1968]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
<heading id="644FB445FF3B86FFDA3FC5BDFAE57A9A" box="[810,1282,1941,1968]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" reason="2">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3B86FFDA3FC5BDFAE57A9A" bold="true" box="[810,1282,1941,1968]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3B86FFDA94C5BDFAE57A9A" ID-CoL="5KCH" ID-ENA="630737" authority="Gunther, 1862" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[897,1282,1941,1968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3B86FFDA94C5BDFBAF7A85" bold="true" box="[897,1096,1941,1968]" italics="true" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Malacocephalus</emphasis>
Günther, 1862
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="77A250A2FF3B86FFDA3FC590FB4C7AE7" box="[810,1195,1975,2002]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3B86FFDA3FC590FB4C7AE7" blockId="237.[810,1282,1941,2002]" box="[810,1195,1975,2002]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">[Japanese name: Manjudara-zoku]</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="3F070329FF3B86FCDA3FC5D7FD817E5A" blockId="237.[810,1452,2047,2071]" lastBlockId="238.[136,778,857,981]" lastPageId="238" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3B86FFDA3FC5D7FC2E7521" ID-CoL="5KCH" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[810,969,2047,2068]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3B86FFDA3FC5D7FC2E7521" box="[810,969,2047,2068]" italics="true" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Malacocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
G̹nther, 1862:396 (
<typeStatus id="E003BD8BFF3B86FFDDB9C5D7FB307521" box="[1196,1239,2047,2068]" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3B86FCDC57CA28FE977E5B" ID-CoL="3XCVN" authority="Lowe, 1843" authorityName="Lowe" authorityYear="1843" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Macrourus" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="238" lastPageNumber="239" order="Gadiformes" pageId="237" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3B86FCDC57CA28FF127E5B" italics="true" lastPageId="238" lastPageNumber="239" pageId="237" pageNumber="238">Macrourus laevis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCD9EEC171FE977E5B" author="Lowe, R. T." box="[251,368,857,878]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref292630" refString="Lowe, R. T. (1843) Notices of fishes newly observed or discovered in Madeira during the years 1840, 1841, and 1842. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1843 (pt. 11), 81 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1843">Lowe, 1843</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation).
</paragraph>
<caption id="6BC753A1FF3886FCD99DC0E7FB097E3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6423130" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6423130" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6423130/files/figure.png" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" startId="238.[136,235,719,743]" targetBox="[151,1436,161,671]" targetPageId="238">
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3886FCD99DC0E7FB097E3C" blockId="238.[136,1452,719,777]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD99DC0E7FEFA7FD2" bold="true" box="[136,285,719,743]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">FIGURE 159.</emphasis>
Scanning electron micrographs showing a body scale (from the dorsum below the interdorsal space) of
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCDC57C0E7FED77E3C" ID-CoL="3WBQ3" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Lucigadus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigromarginatus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDC57C0E7FED77E3C" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Lucigadus nigromarginatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. BSKU 98982, 35.2 mm HL. (A) View from above; (B) oblique view. [Photos: N. Nakayama]
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3886FCD99DC153FF047B69" blockId="238.[136,778,857,981]" lastBlockId="238.[136,778,1023,2070]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD99DC153FE9C7EA4" authority="Parr, 1946: 27" authorityName="Parr" authorityPageNumber="27" authorityYear="1946" box="[136,379,891,913]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Pawnurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD99DC153FF0E7EA5" box="[136,233,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Pawnurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCD9E1C153FE9C7EA4" author="Parr, A. E." box="[244,379,891,913]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" refId="ref298114" refString="Parr, A. E. (1946) The Macrouridae of the western North Atlantic and Central American seas. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, Yale University, 10,1 - 99." type="book" year="1946">Parr, 1946:27</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(as subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCDB25C153FD287EA5" ID-CoL="5KCH" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[560,719,891,912]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDB25C153FD287EA5" box="[560,719,891,912]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Malacocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<typeStatus id="E003BD8BFF3886FCDBF5C153FCEE7EA5" box="[736,777,891,912]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD804C1B5FCE17E86" ID-CoL="734S4" authority="Goode &amp; Bean, 1885" authorityName="Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1885" box="[273,774,925,947]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD804C1B5FDCC7E87" box="[273,555,925,946]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Malacocephalus occidentalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDB26C1B5FCE17E86" author="Goode, G. B. &amp; Bean, T. H." box="[563,774,925,947]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="589 - 605" refId="ref286338" refString="Goode, G. B. &amp; Bean, T. H. (1885) Descriptions of new fishes obtainedbytheUnitedStatesFishCommissionmainlyfrom deep water off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 8, 589 - 605. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.8 - 543.589" type="journal article" year="1885">Goode &amp; Bean, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation)
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD99DC1D7FEE5792C" bold="true" box="[136,258,1023,1049]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Anus closer to pelvic-fin bases than to anal-fin origin; periproct moderately broad; 2 dermal windows of light organ, one small, immediately anterior to anus, the other large, between pelvic-fin bases. Infraorbital ridge not connected with preopercular ridge, separated by distinct gap. Leading edge of second spinous ray of first dorsal fin smooth or serrated. Chin barbel well developed. Teeth in 2 rows or narrow broad in upper jaw, with outer series greatly enlarged; lower jaw teeth arranged in uniserial row. Body scales covered with long, erect, needle-like spinules in quincunx order; buttresses of spinules scarcely developed; reticulate structure absent. Grooved lateral line present. Cephalic sensory canals lacking open pores. Pyloric caeca numerous, about 50–100. Branchiostegal rays 7. Body gray to swarthy, with silvery reflection when fresh. [Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCD8DCC7D6FCE27B2D" author="Sazonov, Y. I. &amp; Iwamoto, T." box="[457,773,1534,1560]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="27 - 95" refId="ref298977" refString="Sazonov, Y. I. &amp; Iwamoto, T. (1992) Grenadiers (Pisces, Gadiformes) of the Nazca and Sala y Gomez Ridges, southeastern Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 48, 27 - 95." type="journal article" year="1992">Sazonov &amp; Iwamoto (1992)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCD99DC408FE297B0F" author="Iwamoto, T. &amp; Merrett, N. R." box="[136,462,1568,1594]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="473 - 570" refId="ref288733" refString="Iwamoto, T. &amp; Merrett, N. R. (1997) Pisces Gadiformes: taxonomy of grenadiers of the New Caledonian region, southwest Pacific. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 176, 473 - 570." type="journal article" year="1997">Iwamoto &amp; Merrett (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDB0CC408FF3E7B69" author="Iwamoto, T. &amp; Graham, K. J." pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="407 - 509" refId="ref288409" refString="Iwamoto, T. &amp; Graham, K. J. (2001) Grenadiers (families Bathygadidae and Macrouridae, Gadiformes, Pisces) of New South Wales, Australia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 52, 407 - 509." type="journal article" year="2001">Iwamoto &amp; Graham (2001)</bibRefCitation>
.]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3886FCD8B3C197FE4D7EE0" blockId="238.[136,778,857,981]" box="[422,426,959,981]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3886FCDA3FC1D7FC82790E" blockId="238.[810,1452,1023,1151]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCDA3FC1D7FC82790E" authority="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs, 1916" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1916" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDA3FC1D7FC82790E" bold="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDA3FC1D7FB7F792C" bold="true" box="[810,1176,1023,1050]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Malacocephalus nipponensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDDBAC1D7FC82790E" author="Gilbert, C. H. &amp; Hubbs, C. L." pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref285931" refString="Gilbert, C. H. &amp; Hubbs, C. L. (1916) Report on the Japanese macrourid fishes collected by the United States fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1906, with a synopsis of the genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 51, 135 - 214, pls. 8 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.51 - 2149.135" type="journal article" year="1916">Gilbert &amp; Hubbs, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3886FCDA3FC66CFB5F796B" blockId="238.[810,1452,1023,1151]" box="[810,1208,1091,1118]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">[Japanese name: Nihon-manjudara]</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3886FCDA3FC64DFB72794A" blockId="238.[810,1452,1023,1151]" box="[810,1173,1125,1151]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">
(
<figureCitation id="A7831FACFF3886FCDA27C64DFC30794A" box="[818,983,1125,1151]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 160" captionStart-1="FIGURE 161" captionStart-2="FIGURE162" captionStartId-0="239.[136,235,1977,2001]" captionStartId-1="240.[136,235,855,879]" captionStartId-2="240.[136,235,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,1010,1956]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,158,832]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,1005,1515]" captionTargetId-0="figure-372@239.[151,1436,1010,1956]" captionTargetId-1="figure-269@240.[151,1436,158,832]" captionTargetId-2="figure-316@240.[151,1436,1005,1515]" captionTargetPageId-0="239" captionTargetPageId-1="240" captionTargetPageId-2="240" captionText-0="FIGURE 160. Fresh specimens of Malacocephalus nipponensis. (A) BSKU 112433, 46.3 mm HL, 274+ mm TL, Tosa Bay off Susaki, Kochi Pref., Pacific, 320–380 m depth; (B–D) BSKU 112450, 70.9 mm HL, 415+ mm TL, collected with BSKU 112433. (A–B) Lateral views; (C) dorsal and (D) ventral views of the head and trunk. [Photos: N. Nakayama]" captionText-1="FIGURE 161. Holotype of Malacocephalus nipponensis. USNM 76866, 69.1 mm HL, 400+ mm TL, off Cape Shionomisaki, Wakayama Pref., Pacific, 447–463 m depth. (A) Lateral view; (B) dorsal and (C) ventral views of the head and trunk. Preserved condition. [Photos: N. Nakayama]" captionText-2="FIGURE162.Scanningelectronmicrographsshowingabodyscale(fromthedorsumbelowtheinterdorsal space)ofMalacocephalus nipponensis. BSKU 13317, 65.3 mm HL. (A) View from above; (B) oblique view. [Photos: N. Nakayama]" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6423132" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6423134" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6423136" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6423132/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6423134/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6423136/files/figure.png" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Figs. 160–162</figureCitation>
; Appendix 3-9F)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3886FDDA3FC685FEA57C3F" blockId="238.[810,1452,1197,2069]" lastBlockId="239.[136,779,176,845]" lastPageId="239" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCDA3FC685FAAA79F6" authority="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs, 1916: 189" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityPageNumber="189" authorityYear="1916" box="[810,1357,1197,1219]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDA3FC685FBA779F6" box="[810,1088,1197,1219]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Malacocephalus nipponensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDD50C685FAAA79F6" author="Gilbert, C. H. &amp; Hubbs, C. L." box="[1093,1357,1197,1219]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref285931" refString="Gilbert, C. H. &amp; Hubbs, C. L. (1916) Report on the Japanese macrourid fishes collected by the United States fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1906, with a synopsis of the genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 51, 135 - 214, pls. 8 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.51 - 2149.135" type="journal article" year="1916">Gilbert &amp; Hubbs, 1916:189</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 9, fig. 2 [original description;
<typeStatus id="E003BD8BFF3886FCDD58C6E7FB4279D0" box="[1101,1189,1231,1253]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
: USNM 76866, from “off the east coast of central Hondo” (off Cape Shionomisaki),
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDA4AC73BFC5D781D" box="[863,954,1299,1320]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Albatross</emphasis>
sta. 4967, in 244–253 ftm (
<quantity id="F840AECCFF3886FCDDCFC73BFAB6781C" box="[1242,1361,1298,1321]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.63" metricValueMin="4.47" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" unit="m" value="455.0" valueMax="463.0" valueMin="447.0">447–463 m</quantity>
)];
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDC78C73BFBA0787E" author="Okada, Y. &amp; Matsubara, K." pageId="238" pageNumber="239" refId="ref297013" refString="Okada, Y. &amp; Matsubara, K. (1938) Keys to the Fishes and Fish- Like Animals of Japan Including Kuril Islands, Southern Sakhalin, Bonin Islands, Ryukyu Islands, Korea and Formosa. Sanseido Co., Ltd., Tokyo, xl + 584 pp., 113 pls. [In Japanese.]" type="book" year="1938">Okada &amp; Matsubara 1938:452</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 111, fig. 1 (in key;
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCDC28C71DFA90787F" box="[1341,1399,1333,1354]" name="Japan" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Japan</collectingCountry>
; new Japanese name: “Nihon-manju-dara”);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDDF9C77FFA4C7859" author="Kamohara, T." box="[1260,1451,1367,1389]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" refId="ref290644" refString="Kamohara, T. (1938) On the Offshore Bottom-Fishes of Prov. Tosa, Shikoku, Japan. Maruzen Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 86 pp." type="book" year="1938">Kamohara 1938:72</bibRefCitation>
(brief description;
<specimenCount id="29BEC8A0FF3886FCDD0CC751FB8778BB" box="[1049,1120,1401,1422]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" type="generic">9 spec.</specimenCount>
from
<collectingRegion id="FD7CCDCBFF3886FCDDB7C751FAFF78BA" box="[1186,1304,1401,1423]" country="Japan" name="Kochi" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Kochi Pref.</collectingRegion>
; new Japanese name: “Bôzu-dara”);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDD54C7B3FAE87884" author="Kamohara, T." box="[1089,1295,1435,1457]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" refId="ref290676" refString="Kamohara, T. (1950) Description of the Fishes from the Provinces of Tosa and Kishu, Japan. Kochi-Ken Bunkyo Kyokai [Kochi Literature Education Association], Kochi, 288 + 5 + 48 + 26 pp. [In Japanese.]" type="book" year="1950">Kamohara 1950:279</bibRefCitation>
(listed;
<collectingRegion id="FD7CCDCBFF3886FCDC64C7B3FA4B7884" box="[1393,1452,1435,1457]" country="Japan" name="Kochi" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Kochi</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="FD7CCDCBFF3886FCDA9EC795FBD578E6" box="[907,1074,1469,1491]" country="Japan" name="Wakayama" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Wakayama Pref.</collectingRegion>
);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDD53C795FAE478E6" author="Kamohara, T." box="[1094,1283,1469,1491]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 122" refId="ref290723" refString="Kamohara, T. (1952) Revised descriptions of the offshore bottom-fishes of Prov. Tosa, Shikoku, Japan. Reports of the Kochi University, Natural Science, (3), 1 - 122." type="journal article" year="1952">Kamohara 1952:98</bibRefCitation>
(selected counts and measurements; spec. from
<collectingRegion id="FD7CCDCBFF3886FCDDBAC7F7FACA78C0" box="[1199,1325,1503,1525]" country="Japan" name="Kochi" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Kochi Pref.</collectingRegion>
);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDC53C7F7FC217B22" author="Matsubara, K." pageId="238" pageNumber="239" refId="ref293415" refString="Matsubara, K. (1955) Fish Morphology and Hierarchy. Ishizaki Shoten, Tokyo, xi + v + 1950 + viii pp., 135 pls. [In Japanese.]" type="book" year="1955">Matsubara 1955:1315</bibRefCitation>
(in key;
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCDD08C42AFBBF7B22" box="[1053,1112,1538,1559]" name="Japan" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Japan</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDD7DC429FAC67B22" author="Kamohara, T." box="[1128,1313,1537,1559]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref290804" refString="Kamohara, T. (1958) A catalogue of fishes of Kochi Prefecture (Province Tosa), Japan. Reports of the Usa Marine Biological Station, 5, 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1958">Kamohara 1958:74</bibRefCitation>
(listed;
<collectingRegion id="FD7CCDCBFF3886FCDC64C429FC757B0C" country="Japan" name="Kochi" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Kochi Pref.</collectingRegion>
);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDABDC40BFB807B0C" author="Kamohara, T." box="[936,1127,1571,1593]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref290959" refString="Kamohara, T. (1964) Revised catalogue of fishes of Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Reports of the Usa Marine Biological Station, 11, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1964">Kamohara 1964:96</bibRefCitation>
(listed;
<collectingRegion id="FD7CCDCBFF3886FCDDD7C40BFADB7B0C" box="[1218,1340,1571,1593]" country="Japan" name="Kochi" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Kochi Pref.</collectingRegion>
); Okamura 1982:145, 347, fig. 88 (brief description;
<specimenCount id="29BEC8A0FF3886FCDDEEC46DFAA67B6E" box="[1275,1345,1605,1627]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
from Tosa Bay; BSKU 29516);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDD32C44FFB0A7B49" author="Okamura, O." box="[1063,1261,1639,1661]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="357 - 364" refId="ref297417" refString="Okamura, O. (1984 a) Hymenocephalus, Hymenogadus, Malacocephalus, Ventrifossa, Nezumia, Abyssicola, and Coelorinchus [in part]. In: Okamura, O. &amp; Kitajima, T. (Eds.), Fishes of the Okinawa Trough and the Adjacent Waters I. Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo, pp. 198 - 217, 220 - 221, 224 - 229, 357 - 364, 366." type="journal article" year="1984">Okamura 1984a:203</bibRefCitation>
, 360, fig. 145 (brief description;
<specimenCount id="29BEC8A0FF3886FCDACDC4A1FBCE7BAA" box="[984,1065,1673,1695]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" type="generic">18 spec.</specimenCount>
from
<collectingRegion id="FD7CCDCBFF3886FCDD70C4A1FB5B7BAA" box="[1125,1212,1673,1695]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
Trough; photo based on BSKU 29587);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDAE2C483FB537BF4" author="Okamura, O." box="[1015,1204,1707,1729]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="93 - 99" refId="ref297499" refString="Okamura, O. (1984 b) Macrouroidei. In: Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. &amp; Yoshino, T. (Eds.), The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. 1 st Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 93 - 99, pls. 79 - 83. [In Japanese.]" type="book chapter" year="1984">Okamura 1984b:93</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 80, fig. J (compiled);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDA4AC4E5FBE87BD7" author="Okamura, O." box="[863,1039,1741,1763]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="344 - 373" refId="ref297606" refString="Okamura, O. (1988) Macrouroidei. In: Masuda, H., Amaoka, K., Araga, C., Uyeno, T. &amp; Yoshino, T. (Eds.), The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. 2 nd Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 93 - 99, 453, pls. 79 - 83, 344 - 373." type="journal article" year="1988">Okamura 1988:93</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 80, fig. J (compiled);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDC14C4E5FA4C7BD6" author="Nakabo, T." box="[1281,1451,1741,1763]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="1276 - 1277" refId="ref295357" refString="Nakabo, T. (1993) Macrouridae. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.), Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. 1 st Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 353 - 371, 1276 - 1277. [In Japanese.]" type="journal article" year="1993">Nakabo 1993:356</bibRefCitation>
(in key;
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCDAD7C4D8FC1A7A30" box="[962,1021,1776,1797]" name="Japan" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Japan</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDD02C4C7FB3A7A31" author="Okamura, O." box="[1047,1245,1775,1797]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="124 - 129" refId="ref297681" refString="Okamura, O. (1997) Macrouridae. In: Okamura, O. &amp; Amaoka, K. (Eds.), Sea Fishes of Japan. Yama-Kei Publishers Co., Ltd., Tokyo, pp. 124 - 129. [In Japanese.]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Okamura 1997:128</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 6 (compiled);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDA4AC539FBEB7A13" author="Nakabo, T." box="[863,1036,1809,1831]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="417 - 435" refId="ref295412" refString="Nakabo, T. (2000) Macrouridae. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.), Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. 2 nd Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 417 - 435, 1494. [In Japanese.]" type="journal article" year="2000">Nakabo 2000:420</bibRefCitation>
(in key;
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCDD71C53AFB787A12" box="[1124,1183,1810,1831]" name="Japan" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Japan</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDDA5C539FA4C7A12" author="Shinohara, G. &amp; Endo, H. &amp; Matsuura, K. &amp; Machida, Y. &amp; Honda, H." box="[1200,1451,1809,1831]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="283 - 343" refId="ref299992" refString="Shinohara, G., Endo, H., Matsuura, K., Machida, Y. &amp; Honda, H. (2001) Annotated checklist of the deepwater fishes from Tosa Bay, Japan. National Science Museum Tokyo Monographs, (20), 283 - 343." type="journal article" year="2001">
Shinohara
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDC0CC53AFAAC7A13" box="[1305,1355,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
2001:306
</bibRefCitation>
(listed; Tosa Bay);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDD03C51BFB257A7D" author="Nakabo, T." box="[1046,1218,1843,1865]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="1491 - 1492" refId="ref295465" refString="Nakabo, T. (2002) Macrouridae. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.), Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. English Edition. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 417 - 435, 1491 - 1492. [In Japanese.]" type="journal article" year="2002">Nakabo 2002:420</bibRefCitation>
(in key;
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCDC0DC51CFAB47A7C" box="[1304,1363,1844,1865]" name="Japan" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Japan</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDC77C51BFC2A7A5F" author="Yoda, M. &amp; Tokimura, M. &amp; Horikawa, H. &amp; Yamada, U." pageId="238" pageNumber="239" refId="ref303555" refString="Yoda, M., Tokimura, M., Horikawa, H. &amp; Yamada, U. (2002) A Catalogue of Fishes from the East China and Yellow Seas with Their Local Names. Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Nagasaki, 41 pp. [In Japanese.]" type="book" year="2002">
Yoda
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDC8FC51CFC9E7A5F" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
2002:11
</bibRefCitation>
(listed; East
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCDD44C57DFB6D7A5E" box="[1105,1162,1877,1899]" name="China" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">China</collectingCountry>
and Yellow Seas);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDC5FC57DFC127AB8" author="Shinohara, G. &amp; Sato, T. &amp; Aonuma, Y. &amp; Horikawa, H. &amp; Matsuura, K. &amp; Nakabo, T. &amp; Sato, K." pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="385 - 452" refId="ref300310" refString="Shinohara, G., Sato, T., Aonuma, Y., Horikawa, H., Matsuura, K., Nakabo, T. &amp; Sato, K. (2005) Annotated checklist of deep-sea fishes from the waters around the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. National Science Museum Tokyo Monographs, (29), 385 - 452." type="journal article" year="2005">
Shinohara
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDA4AC550FC757AB9" box="[863,914,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
2005:418
</bibRefCitation>
(listed; Ryukyu Islands);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDDE3C55FFA4F7AB8" author="Shao, K. - T. &amp; Iwamoto, T. &amp; Ho, H. - C. &amp; Cheng, T. - Y. &amp; Chen, C. - Y." box="[1270,1448,1911,1933]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="17 - 29" refId="ref299606" refString="Shao, K. - T., Iwamoto, T., Ho, H. - C., Cheng, T. - Y. &amp; Chen, C. - Y. (2008 b) Species composition and distribution pattern of grenadiers (family [sic] Bathygadidae, Macrouridae, and Macrourididae [sic]) from Taiwan. In: Orlov, A. M. &amp; Iwamoto, T. (Eds.), Grenadiers of the World Ocean: Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries. American Fisheries Society Symposium 63. American Fisheries Society, Maryland, pp. 17 - 29." type="book chapter" year="2008">
Shao
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDC3BC550FA867AB9" box="[1326,1377,1911,1933]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
2008b
</bibRefCitation>
: table 2 (
<specimenCount id="29BEC8A0FF3886FCDAB9C5B1FC177A9A" box="[940,1008,1945,1967]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" type="generic">2 spec.</specimenCount>
listed from South
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCDDB5C5B1FB3E7A9A" box="[1184,1241,1945,1967]" name="China" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">China</collectingCountry>
Sea; first record from
<collectingRegion id="FD7CCDCBFF3886FCDA4AC593FC567AE4" box="[863,945,1979,2001]" country="China" name="Taiwan)" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Taiwan)</collectingRegion>
;
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDAD5C593FB597AE4" author="Nakabo, T. &amp; Kai, Y." box="[960,1214,1979,2001]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="1872 - 1876" refId="ref295555" refString="Nakabo, T. &amp; Kai, Y. (2013) Macrouridae. In: Nakabo, T. (Ed.), Fishes of Japan with Pictorial Keys to the Species. 3 rd Edition. Tokai University Press, Hadano, pp. 493 - 512, 1872 - 1876. [In Japanese.]" type="journal article" year="2013">Nakabo &amp; Kai 2013:496</bibRefCitation>
(in key;
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCDC30C594FA877AE4" box="[1317,1376,1980,2001]" name="Japan" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Japan</collectingCountry>
);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDC63C593FBD57AC6" author="Ikeda, H. &amp; Nakabo, T." pageId="238" pageNumber="239" refId="ref287556" refString="Ikeda, H. &amp; Nakabo, T. (2015) Fishes of the Pacific Coasts of Southern Japan. Tokai University Press, Hadano, xxii + 597 pp. [In Japanese.]" type="book" year="2015">Ikeda &amp; Nakabo 2015:319</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 65, figs. 1–5 (brief description; spec. from
<collectingRegion id="FD7CCDCBFF3886FCDADAC5D7FB937520" box="[975,1140,2047,2069]" country="Japan" name="Wakayama" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Wakayama Pref.</collectingRegion>
); Iwamoto
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDDF1CA28FAF07521" box="[1252,1303,2047,2069]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">et al.</emphasis>
2015:86 (brief description;
<specimenCount id="29BEC8A0FF3986FDD82EC299FE757DF3" box="[315,402,177,198]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" type="generic">20 spec.</specimenCount>
from northeastern and southwestern
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3986FDD9A8C2FAFEE17DDD" box="[189,262,210,232]" name="Taiwan" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
, and South
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3986FDD866C2FAFE4B7DDD" box="[371,428,210,232]" name="China" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">China</collectingCountry>
Sea);
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3986FDD8FDC2FAFD257DDD" author="Iwatsuki, Y. &amp; Nagino, H. &amp; Tanaka, F. &amp; Wada, H. &amp; Tanahara, K. &amp; Wada, M. &amp; Tanaka, H. &amp; Hidaka, K. &amp; Kimura, S." box="[488,706,210,232]" pageId="239" pageNumber="240" pagination="27 - 55" refId="ref289412" refString="Iwatsuki, Y., Nagino, H., Tanaka, F., Wada, H., Tanahara, K., Wada, M., Tanaka, H., Hidaka, K. &amp; Kimura, S. (2017) Annotated checklist of marine and freshwater fishes in the Hyuga Nada area, southern Japan. Bulletin of the Graduate School of Bioresources Mie University, (43), 27 - 55." type="journal article" year="2017">
Iwatsuki
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3986FDDB2AC2FBFD887DD2" box="[575,623,210,232]" italics="true" pageId="239" pageNumber="240">et al.</emphasis>
2017:32
</bibRefCitation>
(listed; Hyuga-nada).
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="77A250A2FF3886FCD9A8C44CFB7E7E86" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3F070329FF3886FCD9A8C44CFB7E7E86" blockId="238.[136,778,1023,2070]" lastBlockId="238.[810,1452,853,948]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD9A8C44CFED67B4B" bold="true" box="[189,305,1636,1662]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Remarks.</emphasis>
According to
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDB3AC44CFCE27B4B" author="Iwamoto, T." box="[559,773,1636,1662]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" refId="ref287931" refString="Iwamoto, T. (1990) Family Macrouridae. In: Cohen, D. M., Inada, T., Iwamoto, T. &amp; Scialabba, N. (Eds.), FAO Species Catalogue, Vol. 10. Gadiform Fishes of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cods, Hakes, Grenadiers and Other Gadiform Fishes Known to Date. FAO, Rome, pp. 90 - 317." type="book" year="1990">Iwamoto (1990)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD99DC4ADFEA67BAA" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[136,321,1669,1695]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD99DC4ADFEA67BAA" box="[136,321,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Malacocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comprises two subgenera:
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD99DC48FFEA67BF4" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[136,321,1703,1729]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD99DC48FFEA67BF4" box="[136,321,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Malacocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD862C480FD827BF4" authority="Parr, 1946" authorityName="Parr" authorityYear="1946" box="[375,613,1703,1730]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Pawnurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD862C480FE0E7BF4" box="[375,489,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Pawnurus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCD8FAC480FD827BF4" author="Parr, A. E." box="[495,613,1703,1730]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" refId="ref298114" refString="Parr, A. E. (1946) The Macrouridae of the western North Atlantic and Central American seas. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection, Yale University, 10,1 - 99." type="book" year="1946">Parr, 1946</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. The subgenus
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD99DC4E1FEA67BD6" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1862" box="[136,321,1737,1763]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD99DC4E1FEA67BD6" box="[136,321,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Malacocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes four nominal species, viz.,
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD99DC4C4FE047A33" authority="Gilbert, 1905" authorityName="Gilbert" authorityYear="1905" box="[136,483,1771,1798]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hawaiiensis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD99DC4C4FEDF7A30" box="[136,312,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">M. hawaiiensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCD852C4C3FE047A33" author="Gilbert, C. H." box="[327,483,1771,1798]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="573 - 713" refId="ref285669" refString="Gilbert, C. H. (1905) The deep-sea fishes of the Hawaiian Islands. In: Jordan, D. S. &amp; Evermann, B. W. (Eds.), The Aquatic Resources of the Hawaiian Islands. Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission, 23. Government Printing Office, Washington DC, pp. 573 - 713, figs. 230 - 276, pls. 66 - 101. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12624" type="book chapter" year="1905">Gilbert, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
confined to Hawaii;
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCDBFEC4C4FDE67A1D" authority="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs, 1920" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1920" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luzonensis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDBFEC4C4FF1A7A12" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">M. luzonensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCD817C525FDE67A1D" author="Gilbert, C. H. &amp; Hubbs, C. L." box="[258,513,1805,1832]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="369 - 588" refId="ref286072" refString="Gilbert, C. H. &amp; Hubbs, C. L. (1920) The macrouroid fishes of the Philippine Islands and the East Indies. United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (vol. 1, pt. 7), 369 - 588. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13637" type="journal article" year="1920">Gilbert &amp; Hubbs, 1920</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
so far known only from the
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCD9A0C507FED07A7C" box="[181,311,1839,1865]" name="Philippines" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Philippines</collectingCountry>
;
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD850C518FCED7A7C" authority="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs, 1916" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1916" box="[325,778,1839,1866]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD850C518FE147A7C" box="[325,499,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">M. nipponensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCD8E8C507FCED7A7C" author="Gilbert, C. H. &amp; Hubbs, C. L." box="[509,778,1839,1866]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="135 - 214" refId="ref285931" refString="Gilbert, C. H. &amp; Hubbs, C. L. (1916) Report on the Japanese macrourid fishes collected by the United States fisheries steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; in 1906, with a synopsis of the genera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 51, 135 - 214, pls. 8 - 11. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.51 - 2149.135" type="journal article" year="1916">Gilbert &amp; Hubbs, 1916</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
recorded from
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCD821C57AFE937A59" box="[308,372,1874,1900]" name="Japan" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="47AF43B9FF3886FCD8A5C57AFDE17A59" box="[432,518,1874,1900]" name="Taiwan" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
; and
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCDB53C57AFF2E7ABB" authority="(Lowe, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Lowe" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Macrourus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDB53C57AFD487A59" box="[582,687,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">M. laevis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDBD7C57AFF267ABB" author="Lowe, R. T." pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="81 - 95" refId="ref292630" refString="Lowe, R. T. (1843) Notices of fishes newly observed or discovered in Madeira during the years 1840, 1841, and 1842. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1843 (pt. 11), 81 - 95." type="book chapter" year="1843">Lowe, 1843</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
widespread in tropical and temperate waters of the world’s oceans (see also the Remarks of
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCDB5AC5BEFD1D7A9A" authorityName="Gilbert &amp; Hubbs" authorityYear="1916" box="[591,762,1942,1967]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nipponensis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDB5AC5BEFD1D7A9A" box="[591,762,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">M. nipponensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). On the other hand, the subgenus
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD8E3C590FD8F7AE4" authorityName="Parr" authorityYear="1946" box="[502,616,1976,2001]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Pawnurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD8E3C590FD8F7AE4" box="[502,616,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">Pawnurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
includes three valid species:
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD838C5F2FDB37AC1" authority="Sazonov, 1985" authorityName="Sazonov" authorityYear="1985" box="[301,596,2009,2036]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boretzi">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD838C5F2FE447AC1" box="[301,419,2010,2036]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">M. boretzi</emphasis>
Sazonov, 1985
</taxonomicName>
endemic to the Emperor Seamounts;
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCD89CC5D4FC857E45" authority="Goode &amp; Bean, 1885" authorityName="Goode &amp; Bean" authorityYear="1885" box="[393,866,853,2070]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Malacocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCD89CC5D4FDDA7523" box="[393,573,2044,2070]" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">M. occidentalis</emphasis>
Goode &amp; Bean, 1885
</taxonomicName>
distributed in both sides of the Atlantic; and
<taxonomicName id="F8B878AAFF3886FCDC98C17EFB4E7EA4" authority="Iwamoto &amp; Arai, 1987" authorityName="Iwamoto &amp; Arai" authorityYear="1987" class="Actinopterygii" family="Macrouridae" genus="Coelorinchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="okamurai">
<emphasis id="0DCCDF3BFF3886FCDC98C17EFC727EA4" italics="true" pageId="238" pageNumber="239">M. okamurai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="5B297ED8FF3886FCDAB5C150FB4E7EA4" author="Iwamoto, T. &amp; Arai, T." box="[928,1193,887,914]" pageId="238" pageNumber="239" pagination="204 - 208" refId="ref288300" refString="Iwamoto, T. &amp; Arai, T. (1987) A new grenadier Malacocephalus okamurai (Pisces: Gadiformes: Macrouridae) from the western Atlantic. Copeia, 1987 (1), 204 - 208. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1446054" type="journal article" year="1987">Iwamoto &amp; Arai, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
known only from the Atlantic coast of South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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