treatments-xml/data/AD/78/3C/AD783CC34F2ACF822D5C2F5FDA8954AC.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="28269" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13500248-7e73-479f-86fc-5d4a65b09676" ID-PMC="PMC6234225" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-111-17" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC7FFCBFFE9FF8DFF892B49FFF67046" ID-PubMed="30473616" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1486316" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-111-17" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon" checkinTime="1553125345584" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kamga, Suzanne Mogue, Niangadouma, Raoul, Stauffer, Fred W., Bonaventure Sonke, &amp; Couvreur, Thomas L. P." docDate="2018" docId="AD783CC34F2ACF822D5C2F5FDA8954AC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 111: 17-30" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 111" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175" docTitle="Raphia zamiana Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFC7FFCBFFE9FF8DFF892B49FFF67046" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFC7FFCBFFE9FF8DFF892B49FFF67046" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Raphia (Palmae / Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1732941413738" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1AE02F701FC5DF7E9D61B61B3E63AC1A">Two new species of Raphia (Palmae / Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FB533CD7CFD481E8B2E06DB888D2BB8C">Kamga, Suzanne Mogue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF8D2426EB41629DEB4C7A713020602E">Niangadouma, Raoul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="743B52371F80F80758C9A55CA5CA7A10">Stauffer, Fred W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3C866FC687926AF24A188D4F73BDD32">Bonaventure Sonke,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C069C7C2A29BD24D7FF2C4D62787A1B8">Couvreur, Thomas L. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="FD147605E5B4B8B0A25C8D7EED0131F7">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="AD783CC34F2ACF822D5C2F5FDA8954AC" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD783CC34F2ACF822D5C2F5FDA8954AC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD783CC34F2ACF822D5C2F5FDA8954AC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" scope_family="Arecaceae">
<subSubSection id="A21A6F154ECAE2AC593FCAF07C102AFA" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1E7139C822AD9EF2929062F5DF1FAD61" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="ACC0D7EBAA20014B9BCECF412E51D7A0" ID-CoL="8X4J4" LSID="D6309F83-BDD7-514C-9DEE-6FCD088B7CDA" authority="Mogue, Sonké &amp; Couvreur" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana" status="sp. nov.">
Raphia zamiana Mogue, 
<normalizedToken id="6C4D20986F0105327CC32C22CF6FCE4B" originalValue="Sonké">Sonke</normalizedToken>
&amp; Couvreur
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1E14B40C2920635DCEAF10B3748F9CB8" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation id="C03C9822165C1E057731BECF900EAA79" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Raphia zamiana, illustrations. A Habit in savannah B Habitat in forest, trunk not visible C Detail of the trunk, with inflorescences and straight fibres D Inflorescence E Partial inflorescence, young F Detail of rachillae G Detail of basal part of 2 nd order rachillae, showing small rachillae bracts encircling young flowers H Detail of partial inflorescence (x 5) I Female flower x 5 J Female inner bract x 5 K Female calyx x 5 L Female corolla x 5 M Detail of staminodial ring and staminodes N Male flower x 5 O Male calyx x 5 P Male corolla x 5 Q male stamens x 6 R Detail of stamen of male flower x 12 S Infructescence T Fruit, longitudinal section. Drawings based on: A Couvreur 1122 B-D, S, T Mogue; 17 E-R Mogue 44. Drawings by Hans de Vries." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240930" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Figures 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="F4A2AB77696FAD67FCBDCCE50959F259" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Raphia zamiana. A Habitat along the road, with Raoul Niangadouma for scale (Oyem, Gabon) B Close-up of pendulous and &quot; raphiate &quot; type partial inflorescence (coastal forests near Kribi, Cameroon) C Habitat in the savannahs of Lope National Park, Gabon D Habitat in swamp (Ma'an, Cameroon). Photos: Thomas L. P. Couvreur." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240932" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">, 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0B6E461841A417B0EFEE2A377C76361" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="254127D507B93B1B53046774EB9702A5" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<pageBreakToken id="A3493B16CCCE4A37507CB9EA46A2447A" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD24D3E51C55CDB213336710DAD4E0F2" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
Cameroon: South Region: 
<normalizedToken id="41EFBE8D400CFA25E2B9612D135FD428" originalValue="Vallée">Vallee</normalizedToken>
du Ntem, Nseng avion forest, Fondation agricole Samuel Menye, 1.5 km from 
<normalizedToken id="1C5978C6FC78A76A104027686A6C88E3" originalValue="Ma’an">Ma'an</normalizedToken>
in the direction of the Ntem river, 
<geoCoordinate id="B83FD1866C91E61264928568382208C6" degrees="2.34805" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.34805">2.34805N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="B6C8DA6EE571DF472044660C3970E3F2" degrees="10.63054" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.63054">10.63054E</geoCoordinate>
, 513 m a.s.l., 25 February 2018, 
<emphasis id="B660EF25EEAA244408FCAB2801FE9752" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Mogue K. S. 44</emphasis>
(holotype: WAG; isotypes: K, YA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="976F9A961494EDD5C0FE609422FAA5BC" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3E22A8B26DF7AB60FF5225E3126133F1" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="53A98E963FDB02A3A5F67FC201E73194" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="B9673610B2150A50AC127C0625341186" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="2C49491A37D18F16F897BD540231518E" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="D92642677FC9101B5E581EB816CE8BC7" lsidName="R. monbuttorum" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="monbuttorum">
<emphasis id="96255B413CCDB66C515D12FF9721CB32" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">R. monbuttorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their clustering habitat and straight fibres covering the trunk. 
<taxonomicName id="EA6C88A253A1A28F2F25CD7BEEE87729" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="9711FE9EA01E5FFA0EF6BA674E704BD5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="F52E1F8E569226892AABD408016BBF7E" lsidName="R. monbuttorum" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="monbuttorum">
<emphasis id="799773FD666D334C84D0557EF36C45BA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">R. monbuttorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the size of its stout and stiff rachillae with apical second order rachillae measuring 1 cm in diameter versus less than 1 cm in 
<taxonomicName id="22B1F32F101CA8183B53CDE3ECB3A9C2" lsidName="R. monbuttorum" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="monbuttorum">
<emphasis id="676E6D8C691FADF21003E32858C32292" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">R. monbuttorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName id="6661310A94C39E4831505A8D949EB0AA" lsidName="R. zamiana" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="AA3FED7879E474A4622EAD6FE3343D4C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">R. zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are pendulous even from the early stage of development as opposed to the semi obtuse erect position in 
<taxonomicName id="814EF03E867853FA475E340BBA1E14D2" lsidName="R. monbuttorum" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" rank="species" species="monbuttorum">
<emphasis id="7561797FB74B8175E55EDCC3553E88DA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">R. monbuttorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5F6EAC71D5FDFCD003BD1ECBFE310773" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="F9D216F41C0C93AB2397AEE2B5963E9C" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B62B0A2A841B70327205483EFA4B9E97" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="53770ADE667078F9EA11C33F210B8D5E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Stem</emphasis>
3-8 m tall, 30-40 cm in diameter, clustering; dead leaf sheaths persistent, trunk hidden in dead leaves and fibres; 
<emphasis id="83A4C4972FE29D0ECDFFFE418A5EC763" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">fibres</emphasis>
formed through disintegration of the leaf sheath, ca. 1 cm in diameter, straight with pointed tips, brown to black. 
<emphasis id="2A30BA663816E8FC307480BCED6DB30A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Leaves</emphasis>
10-12, 12-21 m long in total, horizontal and then arched downwards towards apex; 
<emphasis id="4485DD3379E606C6757284F6020490E8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">sheath</emphasis>
90-150 cm long, channelled, smooth, margin fibrous, orange-yellow, spotted with black, white and or grey dots; 
<emphasis id="A7CEF8A9E60242C36E7730692D27D790" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">petiole</emphasis>
4-11 m long, 5-35 cm in diameter towards the base, channelled basally and elliptic apically, smooth, green, spotted with 
<pageBreakToken id="0D866A98743ABD33945A69CA5F5796B9" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" start="start">dark</pageBreakToken>
and grey; 
<emphasis id="66C12C2E78120118AEE500021C7046DD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">rachis</emphasis>
7-13 m long, 10-11 cm in diameter, elliptic basally and keeled towards the apex, smooth abaxially, spiny adaxially (spines on keel), light green to green; 
<emphasis id="BA49594E6FF6A137F6FD5C92F7D6F205" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">pinnae</emphasis>
147-268 per side, irregularly arranged in 4 planes, arching downwards towards the apex, pinnae adaxial surface green, abaxial surface waxy green; extreme basal pinnae 0.80-1.26 m long, 7-30 mm wide, filiform, middle pinnae 1.50-1.90 m long, 5-9 cm wide, linear, apical pinnae 20-72 cm long, 1.5-3.6 cm wide, linear, midrib prominent adaxially, spines along pinnae midrib and margins, brown to black. Leaves subtending inflorescence reduced (1.20-1.40 m long).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF2D6799AD867903E0A7C78653DBE8D9" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="A12F5287DD1A1F55F73726FE5592C199" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Inflorescences</emphasis>
3 or 4, pendulous, 1.55-2.80 m long in total, 17-44 cm (mature) in diameter at base (including rachillae); young inflorescences light green to purple green, older ones light brown to grey-brown. 
<emphasis id="80F0F79903888A4D6676430D845FAC68" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">prophyll</emphasis>
18-20 cm long, 13.7 cm diameter, tubular, bearing 2 keels merging to form a pointed beak; 
<emphasis id="01FF7399C6AB9D7B90EAEE7ED64548DA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">peduncle</emphasis>
26-30 cm long, 10-13.5 cm diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, smooth; 
<emphasis id="1194610CD7C990876B14260CBBA3C9E3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">penduncular bracts</emphasis>
several, tubular, with triangular apices, smooth, dark brown abaxially; 
<emphasis id="205870F2762AF1E739EDD6A64B6EC8C3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">rachis</emphasis>
1.25-2.60 m long, bearing numerous bracts rarely empty, 50-70 first order rachillae, raphiate shape, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of the rachis, smooth; 
<emphasis id="CF4847EC6AE03335EC43ACB7635B4142" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">prophyllar bract</emphasis>
found at the base of first order rachillae, tubular, bearing 2 keels at the sides, smooth; 
<emphasis id="E6C444C8D56130F6BC778E0761084C9F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">basal first order rachillae</emphasis>
0.54-1.05 m long, 4.5-7 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, ca. 14 cm in diameter including rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract bearing 2 keels on both sides, subsequent bracts bearing flowers, rarely empty; second order rachillae 48-65, basal second order rachillae 23-35 cm long, 2-2.5 cm in diameter; middle second order rachillae 15-27 cm long, 2 cm in diameter; apical second order rachillae 9.5-15 cm long, 1.5-1.6 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth; 
<emphasis id="68BF2D5281D87AD3FB988B2FBD2BB02C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">middle first order rachillae</emphasis>
39-45 cm long, 3-4 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, 12 cm in diameter including second order rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract at the base bearing 2 keels on both sides, subsequent bracts bearing flowers rarely empty; second order rachillae 32-50, basal second order rachillae 16 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter, middle second order rachillae 13 cm long, 1.2 cm in diameter; apical second order rachillae ca. 10 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth; 
<emphasis id="CF12FE80C242614B26F0559D11CB94A2" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">apical first order rachillae</emphasis>
25-27 cm long, ca. 2.5 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, 12 cm in diameter including second order rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract at the base bearing 2 keels on both sides; second order rachillae 12-30, basal second order rachillae ca. 10 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter; middle second order rachillae ca. 8 cm long, 1 cm in diameter; apical second order rachillae ca. 6 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth; second order rachillae sometimes three times the usual size (more than 25 cm long, 2.5cm wide at the apex). Inflorescence bud ca. 5 cm long, ca. 1.2 cm wide, buds of basal and medial first order rachillae sometimes elongated. 
<emphasis id="C6F55CF1034E0DD4A8E68738546EFB2F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Flowers</emphasis>
solitary, exerted, inserted in two rows on each side of second order rachillae, staminate flowers distal, pistillate flowers basal. 
<emphasis id="FA9862C295FC2A77E65148884D5FC52C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Staminate flower</emphasis>
13-18.5 mm long, 7.5-11.5 mm wide, stalk ca. 1 mm long; 
<emphasis id="B9EAC7B26706DDD37924227C94E76390" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">subtending bracteole</emphasis>
4.5-13.5 mm long, 7-11.5 mm wide, 
<pageBreakToken id="C5B3FA7A6AAD0ADA5082F57BC2010E21" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" start="start">tubular</pageBreakToken>
, bicarinate, margins entire, smooth, with a conspicuous wide apical slit on one side, displaying conspicuous longitudinal veins on the outer side, bracteole completely covering the calyx; 
<emphasis id="B09C270B81F5367078CF4E37274D6BBC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">calyx</emphasis>
5-11.5 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, fused&gt;2/3 of its length, tubular, bearing 2 or 3 shallow lobes, margins entire to slightly rough, smooth; conspicuous longitudinal veins on outer side; 
<emphasis id="8022F0150499763C7DF0527F64547DDA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">corolla</emphasis>
3, 8.5 
<normalizedToken id="A870FC00909E11BC6BE974E097FAA5E4" originalValue="–15(–">-15(-</normalizedToken>
20) mm long, 4-6 mm wide, basally connate for 1/3 of their length, oblong, apex slightly blunt to acuminate, margins entire, smooth, stiff, displaying a conspicuous longitudinal venation on the inner side; 
<emphasis id="32CD7377BF9F5D1C4D221F6F46FF1B0F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">stamens</emphasis>
11-18, filaments 1 
<normalizedToken id="B9A817A5D61117148376C7135CC9F3CB" originalValue="–4(–">-4(-</normalizedToken>
6) mm long, 1-1.7 mm wide, free, basally adnate to the petals for 1-2 mm, cream white to pale pink; anthers 4-8.8 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, sagittate-elongate, medifixed, pale yellow; pistillode absent. 
<emphasis id="5275B30863843C7C2801E2E0388804B0" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
15-25 mm long, 10-13 mm wide; 
<emphasis id="60A067235FF6F529939EAC2BD23E8839" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">outer subtending bracteole</emphasis>
12-19 mm long, 10-13 mm wide, tubular, bicarinate, margins entire, with one wide apical slit, smooth; 
<emphasis id="B40E1CD4260DEE300A9D5214F941C4B4" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">inner subtending bracteole</emphasis>
5-9 mm long, tubular, margins entire, one side longer, smooth, sometimes tearing; 
<emphasis id="0CE56FD0BBD5BDB0AC36DDBF9BB94D49" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">calyx</emphasis>
8.5-16 mm long, fused&gt;2/3 of its length, tubular, 3 shallow lobes or the latter rarely absent, margins entire, smooth, with longitudinal veins conspicuous on both sides; 
<emphasis id="D084FD497A14E89DE914E7BF78A0DE0F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">corolla</emphasis>
5-8 mm long, fused, 3 lobes with margins serrated, lobes sometimes slightly acuminate, margins entire, smooth, conspicuous longitudinal veins; 
<emphasis id="1DF7EC940D575E7C6F1D943A9AFF1806" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">staminodial ring</emphasis>
with 17-19 fused staminodes, 2-5 mm long, adnate to petals for 1-4 mm; anthers sagittate, 0.5-1 mm long; 
<emphasis id="2C162A9D13449610D51F1B1C71BD794A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">gynoecium</emphasis>
11-18 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, ovary 9-12 mm, 5-6 mm wide, ovate to oblong, completely covered with scales, developing at 
<normalizedToken id="3DD5D67FD53013D4EC0E353E078665BB" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
height of the gynoecium, larger scales at mid portion to base; style absent or very short; stigma ca. 1 mm long, papillae not observed but hair-like prolongations present on stigma. 
<emphasis id="A23EB539ED2D6FF9C7600964ACEC067D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Fruits</emphasis>
4-8.7 cm long, 3.5-4.7 cm wide, beak 0.5-0.9 cm long; oblong, scales arranged in 11 or 12 rows, length of scale 16-20 mm, width of scale 15-20 mm, diamond shaped, apex texture rough, shallowly furrowed, green, beak pointed, inflated in the middle; mesocarp yellow when young, orange yellow when mature; seed 1, oblong, with ruminations.
</paragraph>
<caption id="C6CA9E8862802C660530F6238078C2A1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1486374" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240930" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="2AF0670EDB9E9C905A167146638BCC89" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="4DAB5696E0ECC018468D38B37521108B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A9F0D84E3E34507CC2859845FAC95422" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="AAD80933718D51317BC73630DD5CA841" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, illustrations. 
<emphasis id="59DB607A32052BBC957FFF39198AEB87" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
Habit in savannah 
<emphasis id="E225E7B1BAA63CD6593CFFC127CA1413" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
Habitat in forest, trunk not visible 
<emphasis id="0409637674ED11F9CA6A175E20375D9B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
Detail of the trunk, with inflorescences and straight fibres 
<emphasis id="F5993D1D87EAA828852A0EF2C85D6C24" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
Inflorescence 
<emphasis id="CA1CB56F361BE6140C79BF600AF17144" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">E</emphasis>
Partial inflorescence, young 
<emphasis id="7A44304221C6F39FF41322F46032DF0E" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">F</emphasis>
Detail of rachillae 
<emphasis id="136E5D71CE74403DBAD1B51B42EF09B3" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">G</emphasis>
Detail of basal part of 2nd order rachillae, showing small rachillae bracts encircling young flowers 
<emphasis id="BD552A56D5B4A9DE76E7631037725A4B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">H</emphasis>
Detail of partial inflorescence (
<normalizedToken id="97182FA3F36BFCF168F7F44BBEF0FAFE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5) 
<emphasis id="2B9CF01A355F01447F912D8D9DA9F426" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">I</emphasis>
Female flower 
<normalizedToken id="900A1D08B0043B186453D560A61BFA4A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 
<emphasis id="7F03C470D6061BF6522BE0B884609596" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">J</emphasis>
Female inner bract 
<normalizedToken id="EA28F1F255496208A927F484C48E161E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 
<emphasis id="903D2BA7E844BF320ABBF4B3F7650C1C" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">K</emphasis>
Female calyx 
<normalizedToken id="0BBCEA7C06CCD304A692C59BE9479129" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 
<emphasis id="1CB5AC170024F292EA6BBEA2CECECB57" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">L</emphasis>
Female corolla 
<normalizedToken id="9898222BF7F8E901ED5FE909452562D5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 
<emphasis id="53B6EC52E5C8B4469079970DD9D9153A" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">M</emphasis>
Detail of staminodial ring and staminodes 
<emphasis id="D0CA16AEEB0D9C11BC977FE65C13A947" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">N</emphasis>
Male flower 
<normalizedToken id="8CFEDF33D6FEF4ADCDC3FFCA7B342FCF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 
<emphasis id="263B360335D1B56EABCB21A637BB1FEE" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">O</emphasis>
Male calyx 
<normalizedToken id="2D6170A905CC86AC1062FD03AD99A338" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 
<emphasis id="B90C20B3D71BBC956341AC3BCC8CEE46" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">P</emphasis>
Male corolla 
<normalizedToken id="A7FE44AD4E27FD0247B43A03D40BBD8D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
5 
<emphasis id="D5E8505CB74CF532869B45C1866A8DB8" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Q</emphasis>
male stamens 
<normalizedToken id="853D1B8AFDCB88B976B1D1BFE8E6EE44" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
6 
<emphasis id="94BBB5CA580C0511A9C13646539C6A63" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">R</emphasis>
Detail of stamen of male flower 
<normalizedToken id="43F77CC397A820B309DF08B9B9CD0D1D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
12 
<emphasis id="570D320B2CB69815682FED0ABE8C0A35" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">S</emphasis>
Infructescence 
<emphasis id="6B4ADEA8D24F1638EE3E50FA3333561E" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">T</emphasis>
Fruit, longitudinal section. Drawings based on: 
<emphasis id="A58FB882C06D5F660B028B620CB80DCF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
Couvreur 1122 
<emphasis id="8CB191C7249054735394A10C63D635D9" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<normalizedToken id="BE80D31C872D16BA5FA8C65F68E28826" originalValue="B–D">B-D</normalizedToken>
, S, T
</emphasis>
Mogue; 17 
<emphasis id="107B68F479C2EF895B02BB443B20BF34" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<normalizedToken id="358DD49182AE43BA5D0764E3EB915B71" originalValue="E–R">E-R</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
Mogue 44. Drawings by Hans de Vries.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="7D3F7C1F3A79497C9BF8B98E10E76E07" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1486376" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240932" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="5F9700E438F28D9683610A30A7E0BAD8" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="9844B5B46651B2760696024FDB137056" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="06D99049AD65D6BE9783A845BE1CFBC3" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="8BB312C52713B90E41AD56C7869BF4B6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="F5894667331DE57A264D87C65A33A151" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
Habitat along the road, with Raoul Niangadouma for scale (Oyem, Gabon) 
<emphasis id="7A56112E86615583EE3A150B50C1C068" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
Close-up of pendulous and 
<normalizedToken id="1DF11B4589D30033CB935C7C13F1A784" originalValue="“raphiate”">&quot;raphiate&quot;</normalizedToken>
type partial inflorescence (coastal forests near Kribi, Cameroon) 
<emphasis id="46216E8790F963E865CB841825EF486A" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
Habitat in the savannahs of 
<normalizedToken id="0E251461AD2C5DE57DCD8F29F1B8FB78" originalValue="Lopé">Lope</normalizedToken>
National Park, Gabon 
<emphasis id="22581708913C72A00128BCF2BFEE68EC" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
Habitat in swamp (
<normalizedToken id="68AAA9EE0BC357A376CF39D897C3A7CB" originalValue="Ma’an">Ma'an</normalizedToken>
, Cameroon). Photos: Thomas L.P. Couvreur.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3CAE819A44AC04104DD44E82506EEC87" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="FA9010EDCF45445074B8BE36BDA68E8E" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F98C48595344DB91C2A59249D7E0AD5" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="3EED6404D1F3856859CC2B69D2FD33BD" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="BBC9E083471A82CC2512C23ED4122057" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an Atlantic central African rain forest species, endemic to lower Guinea. It appears to have a wide ecological amplitude, growing in rain forest swamps on periodically inundated soils, in coastal forests on inundated sandy soils or in open vegetation like savannahs associated with inundated soils (e.g. Lope National Park, Gabon, Figs 
<figureCitation id="BFBAB0CCBE436576B823F3CE552ACA80" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Raphia gabonica and R. zamiana." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240929" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="9B360F1B920DF9CE6161CA8470BF3CD3" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Raphia zamiana. A Habitat along the road, with Raoul Niangadouma for scale (Oyem, Gabon) B Close-up of pendulous and &quot; raphiate &quot; type partial inflorescence (coastal forests near Kribi, Cameroon) C Habitat in the savannahs of Lope National Park, Gabon D Habitat in swamp (Ma'an, Cameroon). Photos: Thomas L. P. Couvreur." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240932" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">5C</figureCitation>
). It is generally abundant forming large dense almost mono-dominant stands. It has been recorded growing sympatrically with 
<taxonomicName id="E7B9934F529F87F5F53CAFF44AA2EAFB" lsidName="R. hookeri" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="hookeri">
<emphasis id="70167C04A5E8A85868F64B9FD47CF557" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">R. hookeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="C6F69351A88C01FE0D2F3478C26402D6" lsidName="S. mannii" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="mannii">
<emphasis id="A29A21D9E09EEB87EC27A507BE142D3F" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">S. mannii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78161DF74CFA7BE19D77CD8DE20993B0" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8C2F761295CB5452D518B21D01F1C24D" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="27ECFB7394958A0B22C1DCAF613C1C1C" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
Lower Guinea subcentre of endemism (
<bibRefCitation id="5C9687107F753827D367DD500B15DC19" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667815" author="White, F" journalOrPublisher="Nigerian Field" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" refId="B16" refString="White, F, 1979. The Guineo-Congolian Region and its relationship to other phytochoria. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 49(1/2): 11-55. https://doi.org/10.2307/3667815" title="The Guineo-Congolian Region and its relationship to other phytochoria. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 49 (1 / 2): 11 - 55." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667815" year="1979">White 1979</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="D74477C39F50F45F655EC1065314392B" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="055555305F0BAFB0B1C343249C0584E4" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in southern Cameroon (Central and South regions) and western Gabon. It is probably also common in Equatorial Guinea although no collections have been made yet. Altitude: 0-700 m (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="C391FAC407C8A9FEFABF25323323766A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Raphia gabonica and R. zamiana." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240929" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EEAB44794586EEC71352E32FB4AEF40D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="D43DEB7174CB313E261EDDEE0DC38D97" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7BB5ED0AA14326C557DCF2C7B37679FD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="53B488CB2A3F60D46C90E9528DCC2A30" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Least Concern</emphasis>
. The extent of occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="F1618F5B96D4FD12BA8506E450777A8D" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="5EC63A15C23A7D01E7946F401C541117" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is estimated to be 128,243,063 km2 (far exceeding the 20,000 km2 upper limit for Vulnerable status under criterion B1) and the area of occupancy is estimated to be 36,000 km2 (far exceeding the 2,000 km2 upper limit for Vulnerable status under criterion B2). Moreover, this species is known from 9 locations, the upper limit for sub criterion a- of criterion B2 for the Vulnerable status. However, 
<taxonomicName id="6B2523658FE4A8F7A3654533ECC71FFC" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="5B5E0F118BE83AE4BDB0FA6C108C7A7D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken id="45FF532B6653D31B3282909152DD09ED" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" start="start">is</pageBreakToken>
a widespread and common species in its area of occurrence. It is very common along road sides and is abundant growing in dense colonies. To date, it has not been collected within a protected area, but populations were seen in Campo National Park (Cameroon). Incredibly, its first collection dates to 2012. Botanists might have confused it with the well-known and widespread species 
<taxonomicName id="8EA98D8FA6D09FC100DF4804FCCB3393" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia hookeri" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hookeri">
<emphasis id="E044A0535405B12F1B347FE4EBB72A76" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Raphia hookeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(although both species are very different in their morphology). Given that collecting 
<taxonomicName id="D1C7187F0A0CFC275BDBA1E45DD0A363" genus="Raphias" lsidName="Raphias" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="75CAD72EE1935138F354DFC8A4A283AD" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Raphias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a hard task because of their massive stature (
<bibRefCitation id="B7A934756152D04E7F713CB641F75A41" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399148" author="Dransfield, J" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="166 - 176" refId="B5" refString="Dransfield, J, 1986. A guide to collecting palms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73 (1): 166 - 176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2399148" title="A guide to collecting palms." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399148" volume="73" year="1986">Dransfield 1986</bibRefCitation>
), it was simply omitted. Populations are affected by road building and the drying of swamps for bridges, but these only impact a small number of individuals. 
<taxonomicName id="79915025951270131825AEC4C1920587" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="EBDE52BF2C51610AAD796BB87937FA6A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is therefore assigned a preliminary status of LC, joining most continental African palm species (
<bibRefCitation id="4FD26E783C39F7DBE70487B9F99E6410" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.02.025" author="Cosiaux, A" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="323 - 333" refId="B4" refString="Cosiaux, A, Gardiner, LM, Stauffer, FW, Bachman, SP, Sonke, B, Baker, WJ, Couvreur, TLP, 2018. Low extinction risk for an important plant resource: Conservation assessments of continental African palms (Arecaceae / Palmae). Biological Conservation 221: 323 - 333, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.02.025" title="Low extinction risk for an important plant resource: Conservation assessments of continental African palms (Arecaceae / Palmae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2018.02.025" volume="221" year="2018">Cosiaux et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="083AFF963DDA7B22F19ED3D3A6EC8CC6" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E6187C257DFE016331E42893074B6C71" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="560FE9073FECDB16343367F4DE877D7D" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">The name of this species is derived from its vernacular name in Beti (south Cameroon, north Gabon): Zam.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2510753D512450CADDCF59CABF919E9D" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" type="uses">
<paragraph id="E91DCF72CF1EFE7B4267842601A404A4" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52D742820F12F11C28F2353A85FA8100" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
This palm is massive thus providing large amounts of thatching material. Its petiole and rachis commonly referred to as 
<normalizedToken id="32E8426D539F5A8969DC4701A10A2874" originalValue="‘bamboo’">'bamboo'</normalizedToken>
are used for house construction, beds, chairs, baskets and mats. These are generally sold along the roads in south Cameroon. In Gabon, its fruits are sold in markets. These are boiled and said to cure hypertension and diabetes. Finally, this species is also used for wine tapping and as a source of grubs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="44E23DF754DC7B55BCDC03AB9B1DB1FB" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph id="CE202F6F45F6F676288C4A598AC2F1A2" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="63BDD2044579E49C1636649A9F3D1865" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Zam (Beti).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F80E58A02644290D540BAFE6AD8D686E" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" type="notes">
<paragraph id="CB481842E0274BC518B3980170F436AA" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="13099740352EFD3AA523328B45262680" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="D5B3267773F54F5140C32F130C120D47" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="785F4B51EA0327F96E9752482D82FB2C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the raphiate section (
<bibRefCitation id="785757AFAD29A3B1FDEF327672F9017F" author="Otedoh, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="145 - 189" refId="B11" refString="Otedoh, M, 1982. A revision of the genus Raphia Beauv. (Palmae). Journal of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research 6: 145 - 189" title="A revision of the genus Raphia Beauv. (Palmae)." volume="6" year="1982">Otedoh 1982</bibRefCitation>
). It closely resembles 
<taxonomicName id="8DF2660C534798F6610787B58A91ABBE" lsidName="R. monbuttorum" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="monbuttorum">
<emphasis id="EF8AD649CDF284FAEE45F898BBD4A4AB" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">R. monbuttorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Drude and 
<taxonomicName id="0A65A9C6EF63C3F39CFCF66319FB9B0F" lsidName="R. laurentii" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="laurentii">
<emphasis id="A539BB3617AB9DD449440AC749CE0B2B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">R. laurentii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
De Wild. in the morphology of their trunks being clustered and covered with straight fibres. However, it is very distinct by having a pendulous inflorescence bearing stout, stiff and straight rachillae. The inflorescences of 
<taxonomicName id="9EB369BF2196989C4C5322023E98372C" lsidName="R. monbuttorum" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="monbuttorum">
<emphasis id="298697F10BF2E00824A879C8CC00F1F2" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">R. monbuttorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="3F2D9839129A67F981ED3D1A647A4CCF" lsidName="R. laurentii" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" rank="species" species="laurentii">
<emphasis id="F018B026D6446C791E38B0E710E06AC7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">R. laurentii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually hang at an obtuse angle especially during the young stages of development, becoming pendulous only when brought down by the weight of fruits. Young, recently developing inflorescences are grey-blue turning green later on.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9260C21C82CFA1C2E6E88841FBD827AC" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="9FF46C5ACAD06B02AD3EE3825002AF0C" authorityName="Mogue, Sonke &amp; Couvreur" authorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Raphia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Raphia zamiana" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zamiana">
<emphasis id="DEF57F3E564A6A7F78F4618492D17C61" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Raphia zamiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a very conspicuous palm in southern Cameroon and eastern Gabon, being common along roads and in swamps. In addition, we report several important uses, being one of the most useful 
<taxonomicName id="4DFD24C3A3E585B06698F80460B76514" genus="Raphias" lsidName="Raphias" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="29C02108B2DD4E84AB3DCD5C205DC762" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Raphias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Mogue, personal observation). However, up to now, it remained uncollected, stressing once again that new species well known to local people have yet to be scientifically discovered and described. A similar situation was recorded for the Vietnamese endemic palm 
<taxonomicName id="9F777ED2E0A286F032A5B7497EE2C025" authorityName="A. J. Hend, N. K. Ban &amp; N. Q. Dung" authorityYear="2008" class="Liliopsida" family="Palmae" genus="Licuala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Licuala centralis" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="centralis">
<emphasis id="2C6BEC8607B05292132B73305F52005F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Licuala centralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DDADAFE169471511E9FE4BA99BC363AC" author="Henderson, A" journalOrPublisher="Palms" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" pagination="141 - 154" refId="B8" refString="Henderson, A, Ban, NK, Dung, NQ, 2008. New species of Licuala (Palmae) from Vietnam. Palms 52: 141 - 154" title="New species of Licuala (Palmae) from Vietnam." volume="52" year="2008">Henderson et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
). This palm was well known and used to make local hats, but was only scientifically described in 2008.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="45376E9F9BE3985F93C98339BE2B5409" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" type="additional specimen examined">
<paragraph id="DE66D60AA3581BF0F99BBFCEFC078CE6" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Additional specimen examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="058CD8A28700F226CE2AE545FE18D56C" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="37E719520E6FAD1C6E1AE799F1FE9070" bold="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Cameroon.</emphasis>
Central Region. near Ebolbom village, 3 km east of Ngoumou, 2 km northwest of 
<normalizedToken id="B8D05F95E721F04E74B0951B6F9D2C19" originalValue="Otélé">Otele</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="205DA4663279C031A864CB42CD37BEC9" degrees="3.599720" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.59972">3.599720N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="934A7A4E3F328182F02748BBC1E3CECE" degrees="11.287700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.2877">11.287700E</geoCoordinate>
, 700 m a.s.l., 2 May 2013, 
<emphasis id="8EBF77F6388248523114845D12A763E1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Couvreur T.L.P. 427</emphasis>
(WAG, YA). South Region: Mvila, Biyeyem, 
<geoCoordinate id="B051833DAEA7932B02DCE8F2B8E82150" degrees="2.514020" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.51402">2.514020N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="488CD8C58955536614A82C47DA156EEA" degrees="11.081930" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.08193">11.081930E</geoCoordinate>
, 573 m a.s.l., 19 Sep 2015, 
<emphasis id="E2D958CE3F052217B2A7D8DF1B5F33B6" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Mogue K.S. 15</emphasis>
, (WAG, YA); Mvila, Biyeyem, 
<geoCoordinate id="2036F023792693E96E8C458F437E0FB7" degrees="2.514020" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="2.51402">2.514020N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="233DFB7040832259B2C8D91582F7A53B" degrees="11.081930" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.08193">11.081930E</geoCoordinate>
, 573 m a.s.l., 19 Sep 2015, 
<emphasis id="49BAF2C3FE2D732EEF915BB3BA05478B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Mogue K.S. 16</emphasis>
(WAG, YA); mountain chain Ngovoyang, 1.5 km in forest from Bikiliki village situated between Bipindi and Lolodorf, 
<geoCoordinate id="28A827B5597988ED3689C314A6224EFF" degrees="3.181570" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.18157">3.181570N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="A1D9DD05E9F47C3F6DF4AAA2AE157EE2" degrees="10.536960" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="10.53696">10.536960E</geoCoordinate>
, 460 m a.s.l., 17 Feb 2012, 
<emphasis id="0C520D88F52D4CF5CE7398FC67617433" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Couvreur, T.L.P.392</emphasis>
(WAG, YA); About 20 km N from Kribi, 3 km N 
<pageBreakToken id="8C804BA6D611D7979287394996170CD9" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
Longji, N7 road towards Edea, 
<geoCoordinate id="D29B657C7A0EAB5FA77F660F7391C21B" degrees="3.146810" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.14681">3.146810N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="6F06A03E196FE709939F75B648CE13F4" degrees="9.959510" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.95951">9.959510E</geoCoordinate>
, 0 m a.s.l., 27 Feb 2018, 
<emphasis id="8F146D127EB00107F9AD2B54E473745A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Mogue K.S. 45</emphasis>
(WAG, YA).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B1B5CD76D55783EAE2D45FA6424C442" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="5B24C2C671C0019607889DD9602AECB4" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Gabon.</emphasis>
Woleu-Ntem: Oyem, 2-3 km from main road in the direction of Konosoville, 
<geoCoordinate id="BC3AA55EE0C3D51B55CD1A48E5DA8F37" degrees="01.59849" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.59849">01.59849N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="90EA7FC4FC42A53B1BDACB856C8F9349" degrees="011.62298" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.62298">011.62298E</geoCoordinate>
, 651 m a.s.l., 12 Nov 2015, 
<emphasis id="83C19237DBF8D35CF54C7FFBFE282BC7" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Mogue K.S. 17</emphasis>
(LBV, WAG, YA); 
<normalizedToken id="8D9EC8AB052BFA2DD2DB6B033EAC50AB" originalValue="Ogooué-Ivindo">Ogooue-Ivindo</normalizedToken>
: 180 km on main road from Lastoursville to 
<normalizedToken id="2EDF70DF4499BB1239D56403833AB3D9" originalValue="Lopé">Lope</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D2BE6201AC547BB2789F146D9116B204" degrees="0.147300" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-0.1473">0.147300S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4D87FB16E93B8778FEF419E1340AFB3E" degrees="11.726011" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="11.726011">11.726011E</geoCoordinate>
, 280 m a.s.l., 9 Jun 2016, 
<emphasis id="7064AE766D0F195ECCA06D56B23A18CF" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Couvreur T.L.P. 1122</emphasis>
(LBV,WAG, YA). 
<normalizedToken id="60981FFF78CAC28822F154D334378174" originalValue="Ogooué-Maritime">Ogooue-Maritime</normalizedToken>
: Lagune de Fernan Vaz. Koundakoua, 
<geoCoordinate id="0148D03796DFF87BDA0950BCFB217B03" degrees="1.4487220" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-1.448722">1.4487220S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4413C07675A34B0F600B285DB575FF86" degrees="9.2066110" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="9.206611">9.2066110E</geoCoordinate>
, 3 m a.s.l., 20 Nov 2016, 
<emphasis id="4EB2598B314126F6F004C90B5D8DA7CA" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Bidault E. 2722</emphasis>
(BR, BRLU, LBV, MO, P, WAG). 
<normalizedToken id="C08B5D58BA5CC926DB723D002C2A616C" originalValue="Ngounié">Ngounie</normalizedToken>
: Mouila, 19 km from national road, 2.254280S, 11.142840E, 133 m a.s.l., 20 Nov 2015, 
<emphasis id="E9792FE9C32B21C245FFB1AE6EA411ED" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Mogue K.S. 24</emphasis>
(LBV, WAG, YA).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>