<documentID-CLB-Dataset="28269"ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175"ID-GBIF-Dataset="13500248-7e73-479f-86fc-5d4a65b09676"ID-PMC="PMC6234225"ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-111-17"ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFC7FFCBFFE9FF8DFF892B49FFF67046"ID-PubMed="30473616"ID-Zenodo-Dep="1486316"ModsDocAuthor=""ModsDocDate="2018"ModsDocID="1314-2003-111-17"ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys "ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Raphia (Palmae/Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon"checkinTime="1553125345584"checkinUser="pensoft"docAuthor="Kamga, Suzanne Mogue, Niangadouma, Raoul, Stauffer, Fred W., Bonaventure Sonke, & Couvreur, Thomas L. P."docDate="2018"docId="AD783CC34F2ACF822D5C2F5FDA8954AC"docLanguage="en"docName="PhytoKeys 111: 17-30"docOrigin="PhytoKeys 111"docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175"docTitle="Raphia zamiana Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur 2018, sp. nov."docType="treatment"docVersion="8"id="FFC7FFCBFFE9FF8DFF892B49FFF67046"lastPageNumber="24"masterDocId="FFC7FFCBFFE9FF8DFF892B49FFF67046"masterDocTitle="Two new species of Raphia (Palmae / Arecaceae) from Cameroon and Gabon"masterLastPageNumber="30"masterPageNumber="17"pageNumber="19"updateTime="1732941413738"updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<taxonomicNameid="ACC0D7EBAA20014B9BCECF412E51D7A0"ID-CoL="8X4J4"LSID="D6309F83-BDD7-514C-9DEE-6FCD088B7CDA"authority="Mogue, Sonké & Couvreur"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Arecaceae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="2"pageNumber="19"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana"status="sp. nov.">
<figureCitationid="C03C9822165C1E057731BECF900EAA79"captionStart="Figure 4"captionStartId="F4"captionText="Figure 4. Raphia zamiana, illustrations. A Habit in savannah B Habitat in forest, trunk not visible C Detail of the trunk, with inflorescences and straight fibres D Inflorescence E Partial inflorescence, young F Detail of rachillae G Detail of basal part of 2 nd order rachillae, showing small rachillae bracts encircling young flowers H Detail of partial inflorescence (x 5) I Female flower x 5 J Female inner bract x 5 K Female calyx x 5 L Female corolla x 5 M Detail of staminodial ring and staminodes N Male flower x 5 O Male calyx x 5 P Male corolla x 5 Q male stamens x 6 R Detail of stamen of male flower x 12 S Infructescence T Fruit, longitudinal section. Drawings based on: A Couvreur 1122 B-D, S, T Mogue; 17 E-R Mogue 44. Drawings by Hans de Vries."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure4"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240930"pageId="2"pageNumber="19">Figures 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="F4A2AB77696FAD67FCBDCCE50959F259"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Raphia zamiana. A Habitat along the road, with Raoul Niangadouma for scale (Oyem, Gabon) B Close-up of pendulous and " raphiate " type partial inflorescence (coastal forests near Kribi, Cameroon) C Habitat in the savannahs of Lope National Park, Gabon D Habitat in swamp (Ma'an, Cameroon). Photos: Thomas L. P. Couvreur."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240932"pageId="2"pageNumber="19">, 5</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="B9673610B2150A50AC127C0625341186"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="3"pageNumber="20"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
<taxonomicNameid="EA6C88A253A1A28F2F25CD7BEEE87729"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="3"pageNumber="20"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
7-13 m long, 10-11 cm in diameter, elliptic basally and keeled towards the apex, smooth abaxially, spiny adaxially (spines on keel), light green to green;
147-268 per side, irregularly arranged in 4 planes, arching downwards towards the apex, pinnae adaxial surface green, abaxial surface waxy green; extreme basal pinnae 0.80-1.26 m long, 7-30 mm wide, filiform, middle pinnae 1.50-1.90 m long, 5-9 cm wide, linear, apical pinnae 20-72 cm long, 1.5-3.6 cm wide, linear, midrib prominent adaxially, spines along pinnae midrib and margins, brown to black. Leaves subtending inflorescence reduced (1.20-1.40 m long).
3 or 4, pendulous, 1.55-2.80 m long in total, 17-44 cm (mature) in diameter at base (including rachillae); young inflorescences light green to purple green, older ones light brown to grey-brown.
1.25-2.60 m long, bearing numerous bracts rarely empty, 50-70 first order rachillae, raphiate shape, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of the rachis, smooth;
0.54-1.05 m long, 4.5-7 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, ca. 14 cm in diameter including rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract bearing 2 keels on both sides, subsequent bracts bearing flowers, rarely empty; second order rachillae 48-65, basal second order rachillae 23-35 cm long, 2-2.5 cm in diameter; middle second order rachillae 15-27 cm long, 2 cm in diameter; apical second order rachillae 9.5-15 cm long, 1.5-1.6 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth;
39-45 cm long, 3-4 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, 12 cm in diameter including second order rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract at the base bearing 2 keels on both sides, subsequent bracts bearing flowers rarely empty; second order rachillae 32-50, basal second order rachillae 16 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter, middle second order rachillae 13 cm long, 1.2 cm in diameter; apical second order rachillae ca. 10 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth;
25-27 cm long, ca. 2.5 cm in diameter excluding rachillae, 12 cm in diameter including second order rachillae, bud flattened; prophyllar bract at the base bearing 2 keels on both sides; second order rachillae 12-30, basal second order rachillae ca. 10 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter; middle second order rachillae ca. 8 cm long, 1 cm in diameter; apical second order rachillae ca. 6 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diameter, dorsi-ventrally compressed, alternating in 2 rows on each side of first order rachillae, bud flattened, smooth; second order rachillae sometimes three times the usual size (more than 25 cm long, 2.5cm wide at the apex). Inflorescence bud ca. 5 cm long, ca. 1.2 cm wide, buds of basal and medial first order rachillae sometimes elongated.
, bicarinate, margins entire, smooth, with a conspicuous wide apical slit on one side, displaying conspicuous longitudinal veins on the outer side, bracteole completely covering the calyx;
5-11.5 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, fused>2/3 of its length, tubular, bearing 2 or 3 shallow lobes, margins entire to slightly rough, smooth; conspicuous longitudinal veins on outer side;
20) mm long, 4-6 mm wide, basally connate for 1/3 of their length, oblong, apex slightly blunt to acuminate, margins entire, smooth, stiff, displaying a conspicuous longitudinal venation on the inner side;
6) mm long, 1-1.7 mm wide, free, basally adnate to the petals for 1-2 mm, cream white to pale pink; anthers 4-8.8 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, sagittate-elongate, medifixed, pale yellow; pistillode absent.
8.5-16 mm long, fused>2/3 of its length, tubular, 3 shallow lobes or the latter rarely absent, margins entire, smooth, with longitudinal veins conspicuous on both sides;
height of the gynoecium, larger scales at mid portion to base; style absent or very short; stigma ca. 1 mm long, papillae not observed but hair-like prolongations present on stigma.
4-8.7 cm long, 3.5-4.7 cm wide, beak 0.5-0.9 cm long; oblong, scales arranged in 11 or 12 rows, length of scale 16-20 mm, width of scale 15-20 mm, diamond shaped, apex texture rough, shallowly furrowed, green, beak pointed, inflated in the middle; mesocarp yellow when young, orange yellow when mature; seed 1, oblong, with ruminations.
<taxonomicNameid="A9F0D84E3E34507CC2859845FAC95422"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="5"pageNumber="22"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
<taxonomicNameid="06D99049AD65D6BE9783A845BE1CFBC3"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="5"pageNumber="22"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
<taxonomicNameid="3EED6404D1F3856859CC2B69D2FD33BD"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="5"pageNumber="22"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
is an Atlantic central African rain forest species, endemic to lower Guinea. It appears to have a wide ecological amplitude, growing in rain forest swamps on periodically inundated soils, in coastal forests on inundated sandy soils or in open vegetation like savannahs associated with inundated soils (e.g. Lope National Park, Gabon, Figs
<figureCitationid="BFBAB0CCBE436576B823F3CE552ACA80"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Raphia gabonica and R. zamiana."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240929"pageId="5"pageNumber="22">3</figureCitation>
<figureCitationid="9B360F1B920DF9CE6161CA8470BF3CD3"captionStart="Figure 5"captionStartId="F5"captionText="Figure 5. Raphia zamiana. A Habitat along the road, with Raoul Niangadouma for scale (Oyem, Gabon) B Close-up of pendulous and " raphiate " type partial inflorescence (coastal forests near Kribi, Cameroon) C Habitat in the savannahs of Lope National Park, Gabon D Habitat in swamp (Ma'an, Cameroon). Photos: Thomas L. P. Couvreur."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure5"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240932"pageId="5"pageNumber="22">5C</figureCitation>
<bibRefCitationid="5C9687107F753827D367DD500B15DC19"DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667815"author="White, F"journalOrPublisher="Nigerian Field"pageId="8"pageNumber="25"refId="B16"refString="White, F, 1979. The Guineo-Congolian Region and its relationship to other phytochoria. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 49(1/2): 11-55. https://doi.org/10.2307/3667815"title="The Guineo-Congolian Region and its relationship to other phytochoria. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 49 (1 / 2): 11 - 55."url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3667815"year="1979">White 1979</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="D74477C39F50F45F655EC1065314392B"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="5"pageNumber="22"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
occurs in southern Cameroon (Central and South regions) and western Gabon. It is probably also common in Equatorial Guinea although no collections have been made yet. Altitude: 0-700 m (Fig.
<figureCitationid="C391FAC407C8A9FEFABF25323323766A"captionStart="Figure 3"captionStartId="F3"captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Raphia gabonica and R. zamiana."figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.111.27175.figure3"httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/240929"pageId="5"pageNumber="22">3</figureCitation>
<taxonomicNameid="F1618F5B96D4FD12BA8506E450777A8D"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="5"pageNumber="22"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
is estimated to be 128,243,063 km2 (far exceeding the 20,000 km2 upper limit for Vulnerable status under criterion B1) and the area of occupancy is estimated to be 36,000 km2 (far exceeding the 2,000 km2 upper limit for Vulnerable status under criterion B2). Moreover, this species is known from 9 locations, the upper limit for sub criterion a- of criterion B2 for the Vulnerable status. However,
<taxonomicNameid="6B2523658FE4A8F7A3654533ECC71FFC"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="5"pageNumber="22"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
a widespread and common species in its area of occurrence. It is very common along road sides and is abundant growing in dense colonies. To date, it has not been collected within a protected area, but populations were seen in Campo National Park (Cameroon). Incredibly, its first collection dates to 2012. Botanists might have confused it with the well-known and widespread species
<bibRefCitationid="B7A934756152D04E7F713CB641F75A41"DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399148"author="Dransfield, J"journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden"pageId="8"pageNumber="25"pagination="166 - 176"refId="B5"refString="Dransfield, J, 1986. A guide to collecting palms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73 (1): 166 - 176, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2399148"title="A guide to collecting palms."url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399148"volume="73"year="1986">Dransfield 1986</bibRefCitation>
), it was simply omitted. Populations are affected by road building and the drying of swamps for bridges, but these only impact a small number of individuals.
<taxonomicNameid="79915025951270131825AEC4C1920587"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="6"pageNumber="23"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
<paragraphid="560FE9073FECDB16343367F4DE877D7D"pageId="6"pageNumber="23">The name of this species is derived from its vernacular name in Beti (south Cameroon, north Gabon): Zam.</paragraph>
are used for house construction, beds, chairs, baskets and mats. These are generally sold along the roads in south Cameroon. In Gabon, its fruits are sold in markets. These are boiled and said to cure hypertension and diabetes. Finally, this species is also used for wine tapping and as a source of grubs.
<taxonomicNameid="D5B3267773F54F5140C32F130C120D47"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="6"pageNumber="23"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
<bibRefCitationid="785757AFAD29A3B1FDEF327672F9017F"author="Otedoh, M"journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research"pageId="8"pageNumber="25"pagination="145 - 189"refId="B11"refString="Otedoh, M, 1982. A revision of the genus Raphia Beauv. (Palmae). Journal of the Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research 6: 145 - 189"title="A revision of the genus Raphia Beauv. (Palmae)."volume="6"year="1982">Otedoh 1982</bibRefCitation>
De Wild. in the morphology of their trunks being clustered and covered with straight fibres. However, it is very distinct by having a pendulous inflorescence bearing stout, stiff and straight rachillae. The inflorescences of
usually hang at an obtuse angle especially during the young stages of development, becoming pendulous only when brought down by the weight of fruits. Young, recently developing inflorescences are grey-blue turning green later on.
<taxonomicNameid="9FF46C5ACAD06B02AD3EE3825002AF0C"authorityName="Mogue, Sonke & Couvreur"authorityYear="2018"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Raphia"higherTaxonomySource="CoL"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Raphia zamiana"order="Arecales"pageId="6"pageNumber="23"phylum="Tracheophyta"rank="species"species="zamiana">
is a very conspicuous palm in southern Cameroon and eastern Gabon, being common along roads and in swamps. In addition, we report several important uses, being one of the most useful
(Mogue, personal observation). However, up to now, it remained uncollected, stressing once again that new species well known to local people have yet to be scientifically discovered and described. A similar situation was recorded for the Vietnamese endemic palm
<taxonomicNameid="9F777ED2E0A286F032A5B7497EE2C025"authorityName="A. J. Hend, N. K. Ban & N. Q. Dung"authorityYear="2008"class="Liliopsida"family="Palmae"genus="Licuala"higherTaxonomySource="GBIF"kingdom="Plantae"lsidName="Licuala centralis"order="Arecales"pageId="6"pageNumber="23"phylum="Magnoliophyta"rank="species"species="centralis">
<bibRefCitationid="DDADAFE169471511E9FE4BA99BC363AC"author="Henderson, A"journalOrPublisher="Palms"pageId="8"pageNumber="25"pagination="141 - 154"refId="B8"refString="Henderson, A, Ban, NK, Dung, NQ, 2008. New species of Licuala (Palmae) from Vietnam. Palms 52: 141 - 154"title="New species of Licuala (Palmae) from Vietnam."volume="52"year="2008">Henderson et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
