treatments-xml/data/47/7E/FA/477EFA6C2714D1E12463DA5092DFB29E.xml

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="27222" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="477EFA6C2714D1E12463DA5092DFB29E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma longicuspe R. E. Fr." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732669504701" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="47AFE77C7FFF1420E0ED67FC899E2F17" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BA036A00B3B2D42328B64DEE2384AACF">
<mods:title id="00C7ADABBC939F4335CFA5A944727FF4">A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="0B555BF55F373B01884359FDFB075527" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A8E7EDDBE6E7B33817E619A5DA7D79D7">
<mods:roleTerm id="70D137A628A233E4AF4988D6F14858B5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="414A44A0972CCE879B5B5D3FE682E549">Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5F6B2FE0126F28AF6C3272E403041841" type="personal">
<mods:role id="20775BAA5BB77F67F476A04CDE5AA058">
<mods:roleTerm id="49936508FF9561830E6690E382F80808">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="006C759A15760124EE7434A4205FB251">Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="3C8C21CB6C3102D6F4EB6455CD1E3B4A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2654D5D69A1A3F28012C31E46DCAFB59">
<mods:roleTerm id="B5CEF05BEE6901AD4258FCCB916CA62E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="30DE0D6770F1EEAA6290CA70F70040EC">Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="DD80B12DF483DF00B31A92EB7AF8F519">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="5A1A75D9BF77B000B0FF2ABC5EDF9842" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="93081C3775303B3DD3123239389D1A64">
<mods:title id="39F7631CBA9C68941362FBDA59EF6F95">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F8AB55BC870892EE0F80AAA42C0BF371">
<mods:date id="5649D57031BB467FEC2DE24BCE95B74A">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6B427F8E143EB585624A42DE4450A629" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0D6EB44B08441EC67C2992109B33EC05">112</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="13076FE01F86C750938FE46CC8D297E0" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A87FDB4FB321173F12125107673C0296">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7A6FF6974F30DF884E95BA8619C01E97">141</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="A21682350EC6CD12A4120085243E76D6">
<mods:url id="D81F5A21B374938F87047CB2AAF24DA7">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="6EB0C8CE22FE68EAF003073523DFFE5C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F8F1F4CAFCF80043EB7DDE28BE457ECC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="53956FF8A96151BB7F91B442E7CFA022" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-112-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F70B1B9D9881228A627DDAFAA2627898" type="Pensoft-UUID">FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="196208A06B8B6F3A2D27F4BA10AF3203" type="Zenodo-Dep">1911101</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="477EFA6C2714D1E12463DA5092DFB29E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201260" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:477EFA6C2714D1E12463DA5092DFB29E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/477EFA6C2714D1E12463DA5092DFB29E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Annonaceae">
<subSubSection id="929EC1E4B5D5B68994BA2BCA249DA99D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1BC172E1907395EFC421C33FABED9023" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
15. 
<taxonomicName id="FBE6CC24F6C49A56E8A173FAEBC08E6B" ID-CoL="ZBCG" LSID="5E518422-12A0-5765-962D-A5030C053D67" authority="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longicuspe" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicuspe">Cremastosperma longicuspe R.E.Fr.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="3E08B0802CA0A4EB4AC08161B44F9EE2" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 24. Cremastosperma longicuspe R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (a van der Werff 10161 b Poeppig s. n.)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245367" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="5A4166687B39DCFCCD1B91DA0CAC410E" captionStart="Map 5" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Map 5. Distribution of Cremastosperma bullatum Pirie; C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr.; C. cenepense Pirie &amp; Zapata; and C. longicuspe R. E. Fr." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245300" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 5</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="60B71394D0376865A4D1CF59BBD7D21D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="57CA1134B60D9C6C986AC092070EED2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4719CF20A46E6A8F587B5E0F3C13BEBF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longicuspe" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicuspe">Cremastosperma longicuspe</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr., Acta Horti Bergiani 12: 203. 1934.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="864398EF2FDD2BFA7812C6FADAFB011F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F49D5605E8692FAAF6D457FC99CA4D84" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B81B23BC1BF83AF07A50EDDBAA56441" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
PERU, Loreto: Maynas, anno 1831. 
<emphasis id="E38589C7958C12F2FF3C272E0A21D728" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Poeppig, E.F. s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype (designated in Pirie, Kankainen &amp; Maas, 2005): LE; isotype: S! [S-R-6962]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B9BF28B63977E8DCC8E2EE81758314E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="39D3410AD6BB31CA9FB9FF67FDCA3F16" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma killipii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="killipii">
<emphasis id="143EEDE5F0E488D47AEF358F7AC9B7B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma killipii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 24: 3, pl. 1 a-b. 1948.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14D2B5654A806A6236C69C3E28BD7D02" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="09B6A431C49451D6A121031CD52AE3A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A4AACC58BC4B906686AB58E02D360BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
PERU, Loreto: Yurimaguas, lower 
<normalizedToken id="CB2591C2AB8C3D28847DD358390F855C" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Huallaga, 135 m a.s.l., Aug-Sep 1929, 
<emphasis id="38ED9EC3AFEC827B928A279323B8ED3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Killip, E.P. &amp; Smith, A.C 29020</emphasis>
(holotype: US! [US00104264], isotype: S! [S-R-6961]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B331131EDB5C828EEBF9D50B1AD9F571" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="538466D3C4E0F6D367218BA6FD3C7237" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51868BCEB847438D88D17AC020A281F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="80D24EE3C83C1CB4C33D5A98CCA192F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
or 
<emphasis id="2142B4C85C82379F5E90F771356AADF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">shrub</emphasis>
1.5-20 m tall; young twigs and petioles sparsely covered with appressed whitish or golden hairs to 0.2 mm long. 
<emphasis id="68E96CB3817A4828A4FB68C5C3F58E48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 4-14 by 1-3 mm; lamina elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 10-27 by 3-11 cm (index 1.5-5), chartaceous, green or greyish-green above, green or brownish-green below, glabrous above, very sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long particularly on veins below, base acute, rarely obtuse, apex caudate (cusp 20-35 mm long), primary vein 1-2 mm wide at widest point, secondary veins 7-15, intersecondary veins 0 
<normalizedToken id="C9F6506BBA6D8D4A4559A8459D2151E7" originalValue="–1(–">-1(-</normalizedToken>
4), distance between from 7-15 mm at the base to 9-18 mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein from 60-80° at the base to 40-50° closer to the apex, rarely branching, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-4 mm, tertiary veins more or less percurrent. 
<emphasis id="341384ACDACADA8243191CBB51B0A0A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
of single flowers solitary (or clustered in groups of 2), on leafy twigs; peduncles 2-5 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 4-10 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long; pedicels 10-14 by 1-1.5 mm at the base (in flower), 11-20 by 1-2 mm (in fruit), sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.2 mm long or glabrous; 2 lower bracts of unequal dimensions, basal lower bract deltate, ca. 0.5 by 0.5 mm, acute, soon falling off, apical lower bract narrowly elliptic, ca. 1.5 by 0.5 mm, rounded, soon falling off, lower bracts sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; upper bract attached near base or midway along pedicel, ovate, ca. 2 by ca. 1 mm, acute, sparsely covered with appressed golden hairs to 0.1 mm long or glabrous; closed flower buds not seen, buds opening loosely in development; flowers yellowish 
<emphasis id="C07C7A54B398E2E40A226A18C46188A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, brown 
<emphasis id="FC4A30101ECE4A3AA8B6276B660C23C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
; sepals free, deltate, appressed or recurved, 3-4 by 3-4 mm, acute, soon falling off, sepals and petals glabrous; outer petals broadly elliptic, 10-12 by 9-12 mm, inner petals broadly elliptic, ca. 11 by 10 mm; androecium not seen; gynoecium not seen. 
<emphasis id="28C34CCC5F196F4EDF9F3576F0CEFE56" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
6 
<normalizedToken id="172CD270962654C9ADDB926F87645DCE" originalValue="–13(–">-13(-</normalizedToken>
36), ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 12-13 by 8-10 mm, white, red, deep red or deep purple 
<emphasis id="E9A1DD02522FA592D54A631BF15D6C91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, reddish-brown to dark brown or black 
<emphasis id="6FE684C8BB25F5FBE532DE3F07252891" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, with an excentric apicule when unripe; stipes 10-19 by 2 mm; fruiting receptacle 4 
<normalizedToken id="95CA40AEF2055D6D3A3800B29ABBC620" originalValue="–5(–">-5(-</normalizedToken>
9) mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle glabrous. 
<emphasis id="8D8CF4132FFDC98C0A8B9A62B530AD87" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
ellipsoid, orange or reddish-brown, 8-9 by 5-6 mm, raphe sunken, regular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D86B9429E29C2BBF72C86D657EFB000E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6C3920509FDFED292D5AA35F2BF73E82" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00B93A4E7D4BA028DCD04A02B24B20D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ecuador (Napo); Peru (Loreto, San 
<normalizedToken id="1FC4CB51F8271FB80125377A8B4E9F8E" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
), most collections found in the basin of the 
<normalizedToken id="0F6106BBD5D47FF127094079A9FB15D4" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Huallaga.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F07AE14A88E597144557F7A694D2310C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="00F1BA44EB6482016A803ED8907A138B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E0A09AFC096C5C0A575CAE3E7C0CFEF7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Primary tropical wet forest, on sandy or white sand soil. At elevations of 140-200 m. Flowering: August-October; fruiting: February-June, August, September and November.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC5DE410A91B66FC5C27D230E2C21CFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph id="48A5DF50D8EFBA7E4E850D03B6B6F911" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C07974294FC2BB099595B0AB822622F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ecuador: Moncapatahue (Huaorani; 
<emphasis id="269E8DFBDFEFF70E62DF5C1B5B438C16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Aulestia &amp; Gonti 2072</emphasis>
). Peru: Anonilla (
<emphasis id="DE40A8B3F96C0CC57C55AC070E8A4D18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. 
<normalizedToken id="8B4ED0BC2A1FD6C9A3EDD354D0F22C6A" originalValue="Ruíz">Ruiz</normalizedToken>
et al. 1748
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F79FDCE16773923A292D574C6E766478" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="7AAE70848186AFCB822C15E8D03E3FD3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7E39830609983F148CB1A937F6E08081" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="D5C8041D9BC5EF34E56D66977B309EA1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longicuspe" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicuspe">
<emphasis id="58B7D6F2480C1C7B135F2F868179EE4E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma longicuspe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles 
<taxonomicName id="F6C53D566E045E947FF9AF080CBEF973" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="8A4A3FAEC09903D5F0F4526720410661" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly in the shape of the leaf. However, in contrast to 
<taxonomicName id="5147A397C3F9CC48BD6F6087AE32A6EE" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="D228F88681B81A701B1ECE135E6B78CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the fruits and flowers are glabrous. From the limited material available, the flower buds appear to be loosely, rather than widely open. In describing 
<taxonomicName id="5212F5C35F257DC756E82C183B476E0A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. killipii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="killipii">
<emphasis id="2C41EBC227B635AD419925DA9FB9A172" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. killipii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF402A06C9DF64B82758B9A0AB74F68F" author="Fries, RE" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horti Bergiani" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B25" refString="Fries, RE, 1948. Annonaceae from Tropical America. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, Ser. 3 24: 3-5." title="Annonaceae from Tropical America. Kongliga Svenska vetenskapsakademiens handlingar, Ser. 3 24: 3 - 5." year="1948">Fries (1948)</bibRefCitation>
noted its similarity to 
<taxonomicName id="5347174550A8F2B99F5DF491A9F57AAD" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longicuspe" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longicuspe">
<emphasis id="6F9B1C3C73BA31F1B0BC213C408C76A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longicuspe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The leaves of the type specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="C102CC0BE10EF99DA9CE99B012636DD9" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. killipii" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="killipii">
<emphasis id="CF0F3A473F2D55E705FC472CCA93A209" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. killipii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unusually broad, but leaf and other characters otherwise fall within the variation found in 
<taxonomicName id="2B8173CECE1A9A25B8658E01B765328D" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longicuspe" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longicuspe">
<emphasis id="206229CFB15D1F249E349D5D5C1DF622" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longicuspe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, including the notable caudate apex.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16DCAD615D0D1ECC78A90781E77C04D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="217C0752ABEC197BB25FBF1ADC54C841" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4BF43618774F09063E933FC930A268DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="20CA5246DE3D3AC134C579BD1FCFA490" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longicuspe" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicuspe">
<emphasis id="B4A7782098948F47E762DE510AAC1FAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma longicuspe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from a scattering of collections across a reasonably wide area; none within protected areas and with no new collections of the species since September 2000. Given the low AOO and ongoing decline in habitats in the region, it is assigned: Vulnerable [VU] (Table 
<tableCitation id="D08D2A79841C881FCAA0D355E606D981" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7BA717DBBDF38644A0AC1156B30242D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="84040A36FCC1A1EECB4FAB164B91925C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected Specimens Examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="232511FF6BA3D9D40670B04B60F11117" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="EB7DA0B44916B29D7D9B905FCC0A21FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ECUADOR. Napo</emphasis>
: Reserva Etnica Huaorani, 
<geoCoordinate id="8999805893161EFE249EB46279446992" degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.9166667">0°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4E7A7C1B7E332F8D508EE6926FE03FD5" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.15">76°09'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m a.s.l., 20 Mar 1994, 
<emphasis id="F9E9ABA1515EDCBC75B22EF47DC98001" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aulestia</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="D8C00F4271397330F2B9DFF32554FAC4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gonti 2072</emphasis>
(QCNE, U). 
<emphasis id="44D9D22D83A3E635E74F223D55708286" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PERU. Loreto</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken id="90060C614D00281FD2B33AED99B8A6FF" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Huasaga, 
<geoCoordinate id="E6F528E495F31E57F2DB840728E61573" degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.3333333">3°20'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0319CC98DB946003B7902EA509305CA1" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.333336">76°20'W</geoCoordinate>
, 185 m a.s.l., 
<emphasis id="755430F63CDC812A1E743BDE4A72FAF9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis et al. 11166</emphasis>
(USM); Puranchim, 
<normalizedToken id="E937985849553C14C46FC836A67D92D5" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Sinchiyacu, 
<geoCoordinate id="58FD3EC483186610BC4688FE4B05BFF7" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.8333333">2°50'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="AD6F9557BF89025FABBFC901E1E4918C" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.916664">76°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m a.s.l., 21 Nov 1986, 
<emphasis id="9717DFD6B1317019C9D9D931C6F43A8D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lewis 12186</emphasis>
(MO, USM); Andoas, 
<geoCoordinate id="B5BFA2836591FB2E411D8E572B26850B" degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.9166667">2°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="3FA0F8D9A160D4883FAC517A487159C2" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.416664">76°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 180 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 1983, 
<emphasis id="A19115511DA80F28D9DC2450834BE2F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken id="0615AA04B177CBDAB9AE4636F68FDBDA" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="60F0BB6E6BC64815DB0090319B229581" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Jaramillo 4559</emphasis>
(MO, U). 
<emphasis id="810A3150F08A06E43DD9DDA9808083C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
San 
<normalizedToken id="867DF7769489107D04DD80060B382193" originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Santa Rosa de Davidcillo, Tarapoto-Yurimaguas road, 
<geoCoordinate id="4C166A9A3CF214242C36007C41055997" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.266667">6°16'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="0A7E3934339B84C254FE9E8346D3D200" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.28333">76°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m a.s.l., 22 Apr 1986, 
<emphasis id="F0E72C2A21946D75E0E0FB29EADA997D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="DCF11090EF94E561E7DEEAFDF866E5AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mallet 7178</emphasis>
(F, U, USM); Shapaja-Chazuta road, 
<normalizedToken id="F6C8F2A59394A0A4A084357BD3E92C01" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Huallaga, 
<geoCoordinate id="E0A869FE8FF23DF4F538FAFBBC72EBE7" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.6">6°36'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="ED03F51CD10D755D8129D576D8E38781" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.166664">76°10'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250-300 m a.s.l., 4 Aug 1986, 
<emphasis id="F17261A26D3A6D649C0828A58CC4F774" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp 7864</emphasis>
(F, MO, NY, U, USM); Tarapoto-Yurimaguas Road, km 46, 
<geoCoordinate id="AFE1C3A4540A5E6367D3034D0629011D" degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-6.4">6°24'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="C8CBB1EC7EF79D5BD72D6BE157B603E5" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.3">76°18'W</geoCoordinate>
, 350 m a.s.l., 30 Aug 1986, 
<emphasis id="7BC3A5FAA58035C7D06A808CC28A0C6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Knapp</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="8396E1595E0945A9C099E929758528B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mallet 8203</emphasis>
(USM).
</paragraph>
<caption id="96ADDF48F85AFBB515BFC0A7A6A6E051" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911243" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure24" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245367" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 24" startId="F29">
<paragraph id="4C1C2FDFDD7A46F1FF0B61F617E26626" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="6A1398A586AD56DBCB2903AFA37669AA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 24.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0F228D73EAF6AF43D98C0FD948258F2C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma longicuspe" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longicuspe">
<emphasis id="00E09C8DDF3990E2E59B3A83EF9037D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma longicuspe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis id="B0C222122F7061D4AE5D5A77142BC290" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
fruiting specimen 
<emphasis id="E822B5ACD547224121A60BE03BD94B61" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
flower (
<emphasis id="7162E65B1CD8C4196D0157208891F4FF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
<emphasis id="2AF1A9C8CD52E2F195B8E69767A03016" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">van der Werff 10161</emphasis>
<emphasis id="CDA7CE86C8593C20C9CB30437229CD5A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
<emphasis id="AFB61BA7BBB58E43B50040D62F07B5B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Poeppig s.n.</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>