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<document id="B7E7DEA31060CEF228D7E74971CF4D49" ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12489" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14807083" ID-ZooBank="3663E0A-2E17-4346-A388-6BEE53081814" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1738712105264" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Eberle, Jonas, Beckett, Marc, Ozgul-Siemund, Alev, Frings, Jujina, Fabrizi, Silvia &amp; Ahrens, Dirk" docDate="2017" docId="03CB6967FF9238433BAFFB69908CFCE8" docLanguage="en" docName="zoj.12489.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 180 (2)" docSource="https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/f558ad26-a47a-355d-9f45-4a1c420a1594/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Pleophylla kruegeri AHRENS, BECKETT, EBERLE &amp; FABRIZI 2017, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="344" masterDocId="FFF2111FFF8438543B3CFFB79166FFB6" masterDocTitle="Afromontane forests hide 19 new species of an ancient chafer lineage (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): Pleophylla Erichson, 1847 - phylogeny and taxonomic revision" masterLastPageNumber="353" masterPageNumber="321" pageNumber="343" updateTime="1738712560284" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="C0BC59A6588C4E517BC8A53805E939B7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="6A876B21D107D8E59F66F680C5401E10">Afromontane forests hide 19 new species of an ancient chafer lineage (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): Pleophylla Erichson, 1847 - phylogeny and taxonomic revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BE9C3B0A6F406D9CBBD537388645E8E5">Eberle, Jonas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8C71688D9ECFFDDD63485B60BD66FF61">Beckett, Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="56D028C26AEA1F2FF2992B978F8EE89C">Ozgul-Siemund, Alev</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7EA449ABE074D42AB6D039FBD0D164DD">Frings, Jujina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2E8E4DAA8F724E541A6DCF11502DB2C">Fabrizi, Silvia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FD8D0B10AA9ED869CB16B2E2154EF7E2">Ahrens, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6FB8C75599E115C30616A994CB0FCF67">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9D68E8DE2D2CCF261FE32EFFEAD5FC3C">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="025564C7ABD37A70630B69C9342F65B4">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2601977ADDBC0823E8E287BE694402E5">180</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CB6967FF9238433BAFFB69908CFCE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CB6967FF9238433BAFFB69908CFCE8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CB6967FF9238433BAFFB69908CFCE8" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<subSubSection id="C3788BFAFF9238423BAFFB699026FAD3" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9238423BAFFB69903DFAA7" ID-CoL="4K842" authority="AHRENS, BECKETT, EBERLE &amp; FABRIZI" authorityName="AHRENS, BECKETT, EBERLE &amp; FABRIZI" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pleophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kruegeri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423BAFFB6990CDFB44" bold="true" box="[147,427,1246,1267]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF9238423A0AFB5690CDFB44" baselines="1262" box="[310,427,1249,1266]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="kruegeri" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">KRUEGERI</smallCapsWord>
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,
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,
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&amp;
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</taxonomicName>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF9238423A58FB4890E6FAA6" baselines="1292" box="[356,384,1279,1296]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="sp" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">SP</smallCapsWord>
.
<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF9238423AAEFB4890A4FAA6" baselines="1292" box="[402,450,1279,1296]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="nov" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">NOV</smallCapsWord>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1359C4F4FF9238423AE0FB4D931FFAA6" box="[476,633,1272,1298]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[166,245,1676,1695]" captionTargetBox="[189,1421,218,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-153@9.[179,1427,195,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. A–D, Pleophylla mpumalanga sp. nov. (holotype); E–H, Pleophylla charlyi sp. nov. (holotype); I–L, Pleophylla lizleri sp. nov. (holotype); M–P, Pleophylla taitaensis sp. nov. (holotype); Q–T, Pleophylla stalsi sp. nov. (holotype); U–X, Pleophylla wakkerstroomensis sp. nov. (holotype); Y–Ab, Pleophylla tongaatsana Peringuey (RSA, Sjonajona); Ac–Af, Pleophylla kruegeri sp. nov. (holotype). A, E, I, M, Q, U, Y, Ac, aedeagus left side lateral view; C, G, K, O, S, W, Aa, Ae, aedeagus right side lateral view; B, F, J, N, R, V, Z, Ad, parameres, dorsal view; D, H, L, P, T, X, Ab, Af, habitus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Habitus not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14807093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14807093/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF9238423AE0FB4D9377FAA7" baselines="1292,1293" box="[476,529,1274,1298]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Figs" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">FIGS</smallCapsWord>
4
<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF9238423917FB4D932DFAA7" baselines="1292,1293" box="[555,587,1274,1298]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Ac" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">AC</smallCapsWord>
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423977FB4B933FFAA4" box="[587,601,1276,1298]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">–</emphasis>
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</figureCitation>
, 6)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF9238423BADFA879026FAD3" blockId="22.[145,760,1328,1381]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<uri id="FFF3D473FF9238423BADFA879026FAD3" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFC4E2A4FF9238423AA3FA879026FAD3" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">E6A56F8B-F12A-4D52-901E-01AF81C762F4</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3788BFAFF9238433BACFA33908CFCE8" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF9238423BACFA3390F7F93B" blockId="22.[144,759,1411,1677]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423BACFA3390AAFA2E" box="[144,460,1411,1433]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Type material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B0AD22CFF9238423AE7FA349395FA63" collectingDate="1998-12-12" collectionCode="TMSA" collectorName="S. Afr." elevation="1700" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54D966D3FF9238423AE7FA349322FA2F" box="[475,580,1411,1433]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D6413F8FF923842395DFA319317FA2E" box="[609,625,1414,1432]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
“
<collectorName id="2697BDA7FF92384239AAFA349395FA2F" box="[662,755,1411,1433]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">S. Afr.</collectorName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9238423BACFA1690EAFA01" authority="Marie" authorityName="Eberle &amp; Beckett &amp; Ozgul-Siemund &amp; Frings &amp; Fabrizi &amp; Ahrens" authorityYear="2017" box="[144,396,1441,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pleophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mpumalanga">Mpumalanga Marie</taxonomicName>
[p]skop,
<quantity id="4C9A7594FF923842393DFA159331FA01" box="[513,599,1442,1463]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="1700.0">
<elevation id="004F3F42FF923842393DFA159331FA01" box="[513,599,1442,1463]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
<date id="FFDCFEB1FF9238423949FA159394FA01" box="[629,754,1442,1463]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" value="1998-12-12">
<collectingDate id="EF980759FF9238423949FA159394FA01" box="[629,754,1442,1463]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" value="1998-12-12">12.12.1998</collectingDate>
</date>
; Kruger/DNA voucher BMNH 837896” (
<collectionCode id="ED7340B4FF92384239A2FA77938AFA63" box="[670,748,1472,1493]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">TMSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B0AD22CFF9238423BACFA689304F987" collectingDate="2008-11-21" collectingDateMax="2008-11-26" collectingDateMin="2008-11-21" collectionCode="SMNS" collectorName="W. Schawaller" country="South Africa" elevation="1450" location="RSA" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54D966D3FF9238423BACFA689060FA42" box="[144,262,1503,1524]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D6413F8FF9238423A22FA689036FA42" box="[286,336,1503,1524]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D6413F8FF9238423A50FA6890FAFA42" box="[364,412,1503,1524]" count="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
“
<collectingCountry id="F37598E1FF9238423A86FA689096FA42" box="[442,496,1503,1524]" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">RSA</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9238423934FA68932AF9A5" authority="Prov., Mariepskop Forest Reserve, 1300" authorityName="Prov., Mariepskop Forest Reserve" authorityYear="1300" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pleophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mpumalanga">
Mpumalanga Prov., Mariepskop Forest Reserve,
<quantity id="4C9A7594FF9238423929FA4A932AF9A5" box="[533,588,1533,1555]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="1450.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1300.0">
<elevation id="004F3F42FF9238423929FA4A932AF9A5" box="[533,588,1533,1555]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="1450.0" valueMax="1600.0" valueMin="1300.0">1300</elevation>
</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
-1600 m,
<date id="FFDCFEB1FF92384239F0FA4A906BF984" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" value="2008-11-21" valueMax="2008-11-26" valueMin="2008-11-21">
<collectingDate id="EF980759FF92384239F0FA4A906BF984" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" value="2008-11-21" valueMax="2008-11-26" valueMin="2008-11-21">21.- 26.XI.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, leg.
<collectorName id="2697BDA7FF9238423A77F9AB9097F984" box="[331,497,1564,1586]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">W. Schawaller</collectorName>
” (
<collectionCode id="ED7340B4FF9238423930F9AB933CF987" box="[524,602,1564,1585]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34840" name="Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkund Stuttgart" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">SMNS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B0AD22CFF9238423953F9AB90EAF93B" collectingDate="2008-11-23" collectionCode="TMSA" collectorName="S. Afr. &amp; Ruth M" country="South Africa" elevation="1613" latitude="-24.34" longLatPrecision="751" longitude="30.52" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D6413F8FF9238423953F9AB93F4F987" box="[623,658,1564,1585]" count="2" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
“
<collectorName id="2697BDA7FF923842399BF9AB9395F984" box="[679,755,1564,1586]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">S. Afr.</collectorName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9238423BACF98D90DFF9E6" authority="Mariepskop" authorityName="Prov., Mariepskop Forest Reserve" authorityYear="1300" box="[144,441,1594,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pleophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mpumalanga">Mpumalanga Mariepskop</taxonomicName>
forest,
<geoCoordinate id="EE56BEB6FF9238423924F98D9316F9F9" box="[536,624,1594,1615]" degrees="24.34" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" precision="555" value="-24.34">24.34 S</geoCoordinate>
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423940F98A93EEF9F9" box="[636,648,1597,1615]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">–</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="EE56BEB6FF92384239A8F98D9388F9F9" box="[660,750,1594,1616]" degrees="30.52" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" precision="555" value="30.52">30.52 E</geoCoordinate>
/
<date id="FFDCFEB1FF9238423BACF9EE906BF9D8" box="[144,269,1625,1646]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" value="2008-11-23">
<collectingDate id="EF980759FF9238423BACF9EE906BF9D8" box="[144,269,1625,1646]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" value="2008-11-23">23.11.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, E-Y:3802 night with torch,
<quantity id="4C9A7594FF9238423950F9EE93A7F9D8" box="[620,705,1625,1647]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.613" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="1613.0">
<elevation id="004F3F42FF9238423950F9EE93A7F9D8" box="[620,705,1625,1647]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.613" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="m" value="1613.0">1613 m</elevation>
</quantity>
leg.
<collectorName id="2697BDA7FF9238423BACF9C0918EF93B" box="[144,232,1655,1677]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Ruth M</collectorName>
uller € ” (
<collectionCode id="ED7340B4FF9238423A0BF9CF90E3F93B" box="[311,389,1656,1677]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">TMSA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF9238423BACF917959BFD52" blockId="22.[144,759,1696,1901]" lastBlockId="22.[807,1422,199,740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423BACF917907EF903" box="[144,280,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Description:</emphasis>
Body length:
<quantity id="4C9A7594FF9238423AECF9179351F903" box="[464,567,1696,1718]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="10.6">10.6 mm</quantity>
, elytral length:
<quantity id="4C9A7594FF9238423BACF909918FF962" box="[144,233,1726,1748]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="7.1">7.1 mm</quantity>
, maximum width:
<quantity id="4C9A7594FF9238423AE4F9099355F962" box="[472,563,1726,1748]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
. Angle between lateral margins of labroclypeus and ocular canthus distinct; anterior margin of labroclypeus medially distinctly sinuate; margins of labroclypeus strongly reflexed; smooth area in front of eyes 1.5 times as wide as long; ratio of eye diameter/interocular width: 0.63. Pronotum apparently glabrous (with only a few erect setae anteriorly, otherwise with only minute setae); unicoloured; basal margin widely incomplete medially (equal to or more than scutellum width); larger punctures on pronotum very coarse. Hypomeron carinate. Elytra with dark spots; erect dorsal pilosity on elytra dense (more than ten setae per interval); sutural interval in apical declivity of elytra flat and not delimited by a sharp carina; white, fine pilosity condensed to longitudinal patches; impunctate (only striae punctate); adpressed white pilosity long, 1/3 to 1/2 of width of elytral intervals; external apical elytral angle blunt; Mesosternal process long. Ratio of length of metepisternum/metacoxa: 1/1.33. Metatibia, ratio of width/length: 1/4.33. Metatarsi dorsally smooth; first metatarsomere slightly longer than subsequent one. Aedeagus:
<figureCitation id="1359C4F4FF923842389FFD7992B8FD55" box="[931,990,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[166,245,1676,1695]" captionTargetBox="[189,1421,218,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-153@9.[179,1427,195,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. A–D, Pleophylla mpumalanga sp. nov. (holotype); E–H, Pleophylla charlyi sp. nov. (holotype); I–L, Pleophylla lizleri sp. nov. (holotype); M–P, Pleophylla taitaensis sp. nov. (holotype); Q–T, Pleophylla stalsi sp. nov. (holotype); U–X, Pleophylla wakkerstroomensis sp. nov. (holotype); Y–Ab, Pleophylla tongaatsana Peringuey (RSA, Sjonajona); Ac–Af, Pleophylla kruegeri sp. nov. (holotype). A, E, I, M, Q, U, Y, Ac, aedeagus left side lateral view; C, G, K, O, S, W, Aa, Ae, aedeagus right side lateral view; B, F, J, N, R, V, Z, Ad, parameres, dorsal view; D, H, L, P, T, X, Ab, Af, habitus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Habitus not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14807093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14807093/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Fig 4</figureCitation>
Ac
<emphasis id="B9160463FF92384238C0FD66956EFD55" box="[1020,1032,721,739]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">–</emphasis>
Ae. Habitus:
<figureCitation id="1359C4F4FF9238423FA3FD7995BDFD52" box="[1183,1243,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[166,245,1676,1695]" captionTargetBox="[189,1421,218,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-153@9.[179,1427,195,1653]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. A–D, Pleophylla mpumalanga sp. nov. (holotype); E–H, Pleophylla charlyi sp. nov. (holotype); I–L, Pleophylla lizleri sp. nov. (holotype); M–P, Pleophylla taitaensis sp. nov. (holotype); Q–T, Pleophylla stalsi sp. nov. (holotype); U–X, Pleophylla wakkerstroomensis sp. nov. (holotype); Y–Ab, Pleophylla tongaatsana Peringuey (RSA, Sjonajona); Ac–Af, Pleophylla kruegeri sp. nov. (holotype). A, E, I, M, Q, U, Y, Ac, aedeagus left side lateral view; C, G, K, O, S, W, Aa, Ae, aedeagus right side lateral view; B, F, J, N, R, V, Z, Ad, parameres, dorsal view; D, H, L, P, T, X, Ab, Af, habitus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm. Habitus not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14807093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14807093/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Fig 4</figureCitation>
Af.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF923842381BFCBB947FFCCA" blockId="22.[807,1421,779,893]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF923842381BFCBB92F8FC97" box="[807,926,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
This species differs from all other known
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF923842381BFC9D929FFCF6" box="[807,1017,810,832]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF923842381BFC9D92F9FC89" box="[807,927,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Pleophylla</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
by having the ventral and dorsal lobes of the parameres completely fused with each other, and without setae on the parameres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF923842381BFC129541FB18" blockId="22.[806,1422,932,1199]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF923842381BFC1292FCFC0C" box="[807,922,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Variation:</emphasis>
Body length:
<quantity id="4C9A7594FF9238423F44FC13947DFC0C" box="[1144,1307,932,954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.105" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="1.06" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="11.05" valueMax="11.5" valueMin="10.6">
10.6
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423F94FC1095D2FC0F" box="[1192,1204,935,953]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">–</emphasis>
11.5 mm
</quantity>
, elytral length:
<quantity id="4C9A7594FF92384238BBFC749569FC6E" box="[903,1039,963,984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="7.6" valueMax="8.1" valueMin="7.1">
7.1
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423895FC7292D3FC61" box="[937,949,965,983]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">–</emphasis>
8.1 mm
</quantity>
, maximum width:
<quantity id="4C9A7594FF9238423E3DFC7594EFFC6E" box="[1281,1417,962,984]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.35" metricValueMax="5.6" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" unit="mm" value="5.35" valueMax="5.6" valueMin="5.1">
5.1
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423E1FFC729449FC61" box="[1315,1327,965,983]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">–</emphasis>
5.6 mm
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. Density of dark spots may vary, but never completely without spots. Female: antennal club of female straight, composed of five antennomeres, as long as the remaining antennomeres combined; sixth antennomere shorter than a quarter of club length. Eyes smaller than in male: ratio of eye diameter/ interocular width: 0.5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF923842381AFB6195B1FABF" blockId="22.[806,1420,1238,1290]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF923842381AFB6192C2FB5D" box="[806,932,1238,1259]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Etymology:</emphasis>
The new species is named after one of its collectors, Martin Kr uger € (
<collectionCode id="ED7340B4FF9238423F42FB4395AAFABF" box="[1150,1228,1268,1289]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/s8gp-ktsi" name="Transvaal Museum" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">TMSA</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF923842381AFA8695EBF921" blockId="22.[806,1421,1329,1749]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF923842381AFA8692F4FAF0" box="[806,914,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Remarks:</emphasis>
The systematic placement of this species is still uncertain. The species differs clearly from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9238423844FAD9953EFA32" box="[888,1112,1390,1412]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423844FAD99296FA35" box="[888,1008,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Pleophylla</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, which might justify a separate genus. Many symplesiomorphies of
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF923842381AFA1B92F8FA77" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[806,926,1452,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pleophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF923842381AFA1B92F8FA77" box="[806,926,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Pleophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF92384238CEFA1B950CFA77" baseAuthorityName="Ahrens" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1010,1130,1452,1473]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Omaloplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF92384238CEFA1B950CFA77" box="[1010,1130,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Omaloplia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are absent from this species, such as the separate dorsal and ventral lobes on the parameres or the pilosity of parameres. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF923842389FF9BF9544F9AA" authorityName="AHRENS, BECKETT, EBERLE &amp; FABRIZI" authorityYear="2017" box="[931,1058,1543,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pleophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kruegeri">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF923842389FF9BF9544F9AA" box="[931,1058,1543,1565]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">P. kruegeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9238423FEFF9B0942DF9AA" baseAuthorityName="Ahrens" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[1235,1355,1543,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Omaloplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423FEFF9B0942DF9AA" box="[1235,1355,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Omaloplia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only two plesiomorphies and therefore it does not occupy a basal position amongst the
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9238423FAFF9F3940FF9EC" box="[1171,1385,1604,1626]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423FAFF9F3946DF9EF" box="[1171,1291,1604,1625]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Pleophylla</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the cladistic analysis (
<figureCitation id="1359C4F4FF9238423F75F9D495E8F9CE" box="[1097,1166,1635,1657]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="28.[144,223,1791,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1413,580,1756]" captionTargetId="graphics-206@28.[151,1269,580,1747]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 9. Strict consensus tree of the WINCLADA/NONA tree search (parsimony ratchet). Black squares, unambiguous apomorphies; white squares, unambiguous but to some degree homoplastic apomorphies. Small numbers above squares are characters; small numbers below squares are character states. Bootstrap values&gt; 50 are shown in large and bold font under branches." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14807101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14807101/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), a prerequisite for placement in a separate genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF9238423803F917940FF963" blockId="22.[806,1421,1329,1749]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
In a previous publication we referred to this species as ‘SpM-24’ (Ozg € ul-Siemund € &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF3A580FF9238423FFDF908943BF963" author="Ahrens D" box="[1217,1373,1727,1749]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" pagination="167 - 178" refId="ref23910" refString="Ozg € ul-Siemund € A, Ahrens D. 2015. Taxonomic utility of female copulation organs in Sericini chafers (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), with special reference to asymmetry. Contributions to Zoology 84 (2): 167-178." type="journal article" year="2015">Ahrens, 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF9238423864F8BC943DF8A9" blockId="22.[856,1371,1803,1824]" box="[856,1371,1803,1824]" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF9238423864F8BC92ADF8A9" baselines="1819,1819" box="[856,971,1803,1824]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Patterns" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">PATTERNS</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF92384238E9F8B99294F8A9" baselines="1819" box="[981,1010,1806,1823]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="lower" normString="of" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">OF</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF92384238C7F8B995F0F8A9" baselines="1819" box="[1019,1174,1806,1823]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF9238423FA3F8B995ABF8A9" baselines="1819" box="[1183,1229,1806,1823]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="lower" normString="and" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">AND</smallCapsWord>
<smallCapsWord id="8D3B4EADFF9238423FEAF8B9943DF8A9" baselines="1819" box="[1238,1371,1806,1823]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="9" normCase="lower" normString="phenology" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">PHENOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF923843381BF88F9181FD10" blockId="22.[807,1421,1848,1901]" lastBlockId="23.[166,781,199,862]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">
Although the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9238423FABF88F9469F8FB" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[1175,1295,1848,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pleophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="343" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9238423FABF88F9469F8FB" box="[1175,1295,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">Pleophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F37598E1FF9238423E76F88F920AF8DB" name="South Africa" pageId="22" pageNumber="343">South Africa</collectingCountry>
is focussed to the eastern and southern parts of the country, its northern occurrences extend patchily along the African Eastern Arc Mountains to the
<collectingCountry id="F37598E1FF9338433B9AFEB39099FEAF" box="[166,511,260,282]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">Democratic Republic of Congo</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F37598E1FF9338433906FEB393F2FEAC" box="[570,660,260,282]" name="Uganda" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">Uganda</collectingCountry>
as well as
<collectingCountry id="F37598E1FF9338433B9AFE949195FE8E" box="[166,243,291,312]" name="Kenya" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">Kenya</collectingCountry>
. Between these areas records are lacking over long distances. Current distribution data suggest that the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9338433AB1FEE89363FEC2" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[397,517,351,372]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pleophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9338433AB1FEE89363FEC2" box="[397,517,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">Pleophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are closely associated with the Afrotropical forest, but as far as known, they are absent from the tropical lowland forests of western Central Africa and western Africa. The ranges of many species overlap, at least partly, and numerous taxa co-occur syntopically (
<tableCitation id="C6E0EDCAFF9338433960FE4F93D7FDBB" box="[604,689,504,526]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="24.[87,153,504,525]" captionText="Table 1. Number of pairwise co-occurrences of the Pleophylla species compared to the number of sites with only one recorded species (i.e. spatially unique samples)." pageId="23" pageNumber="344">Table 1</tableCitation>
); so far we have found up to five species in the same locality (in
<collectingCountry id="F37598E1FF9338433BF3FD829002FDFD" box="[207,356,565,587]" name="South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, Natal, Karkloof forest). The species with the widest range is
<taxonomicName id="4C62A3F2FF9338433AE5FDE293F1FDDF" box="[473,663,596,618]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Pleophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="344" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatipennis">
<emphasis id="B9160463FF9338433AE5FDE293F1FDDF" box="[473,663,596,618]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">P. fasciatipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which is found from north-eastern
<collectingCountry id="F37598E1FF9338433AE0FDC59316FD3E" box="[476,624,626,648]" name="South Africa" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">South Africa</collectingCountry>
south to the
<collectingRegion id="49A61693FF9338433B9AFD269185FD10" box="[166,227,657,678]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">Cape</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDDD871FF9338433B83FD18908CFCE8" blockId="23.[166,781,199,862]" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">
The main temporal occurrence in terms of numbers of species and individuals is during November and December; after February species richness and abundance drop considerably (
<figureCitation id="1359C4F4FF933843393BFCBC932DFC96" box="[519,587,779,801]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="25.[166,245,1510,1529]" captionTargetBox="[396,1216,201,1477]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 8. Phenology of Pleophylla in terms of species richness (below) and numbers of recorded adult specimens (above)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14807099" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14807099/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="344">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). During May to August records are very rare, except in June when records are entirely lacking.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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