159 lines
17 KiB
XML
159 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document id="45DB3CDABE1E440A8FD2902370F05535" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021526" ID-ZooBank="987FAD00-32A7-4E38-AFAD-6EAC8D808FB2" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1730450932891" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Yiu, Sam King Fung & Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2024" docId="03BF87BF26215D6D61C4BED1FE0446E2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5526.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5526 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Luidia maculata Muller & Troschel 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FF86FFC7260F5D436153BE46FFA14013" masterDocTitle="New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1730836646701" updateUser="guilherme">
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<mods:title id="115C4BF194960FD6EE29CA21A1C1F885">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6AA657DFC19BDBEA11087A72370597A1">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0EAA10A6E1B321650940313805E6B11D">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="26158689299F63B76CEBAD789FC7963C" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="793FF801B5AA57BFF9AC88EF50D168F9">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2406CE03E156B26C0CD3EFF01EF28315">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B3B5D80908B0600834F8070430E14AF" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="B0E34CA4F53E0FFAFEC071EEC2C18705">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BB61A3CF76B1DD3737CB2D196212AA4A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="452D0D87FAADFAEC46883ADA3AFA9534">2024-10-22</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E98772DBEAB7AF57D83A1E58F460C77F">5526</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226215D6D61C4BED1FD2E40A2" box="[151,655,151,178]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4BED1FD2E40A2" blockId="46.[151,655,151,214]" box="[151,655,151,178]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<heading id="D0E181C526215D6D61C4BED1FD2E40A2" bold="true" box="[151,655,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26215D6D61C4BED1FD2E40A2" ID-CoL="3WDPQ" authority="Muller & Troschel 1842" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,655,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4BED1FD2E40A2" bold="true" box="[151,655,151,178]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4BED1FEFF40A1" bold="true" box="[151,350,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Luidia maculata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826215D6D6035BED1FD2E40A2" author="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H." box="[358,655,151,177]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refId="ref41583" refString="Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. 1. Asteriae. 2. Ophiuridae. Vieweg, Braunschweig, xxx + 134 pp. 12 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11715" type="book" year="1842">Müller & Troschel 1842</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226215D6D61C4BEFDFE9B40C5" box="[151,314,187,214]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4BEFDFE9B40C5" blockId="46.[151,655,151,214]" box="[151,314,187,214]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26215D6D61C4BEFDFE9B40C5" box="[151,314,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1068,1092]" captionTargetBox="[257,1332,237,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-31@46.[256,1332,237,1044]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 35. Luidia maculata A. In situ, abactinal surface showing two color pattern variants. B. In situ observation of an individual with disk depressed into sediment feeding on unidentified prey. C–D. Predation on a sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota. Photographer: A–B: Sam King Fung Yiu C–D: Choi Kwong Wan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021601/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figure 35A–D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF69662126215D6D61C4BA6AFC1E4498" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021601" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021601/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1068,1092]" targetBox="[257,1332,237,1043]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4BA6AFC1E4498" blockId="46.[151,1437,1067,1164]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4BA6AFE5B4457" bold="true" box="[151,506,1067,1092]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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FIGURE 35.
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26215D6D6079BA6DFE794450" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[298,472,1067,1091]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculata">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D6079BA6DFE794450" bold="true" box="[298,472,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Luidia maculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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A.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26215D6D6351BA6BFDE54457" box="[514,580,1069,1092]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D6351BA6BFDE54457" box="[514,580,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">In situ</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, abactinal surface showing two color pattern variants.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D652DBA6AFB344457" bold="true" box="[1150,1173,1068,1092]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26215D6D65CDBA6BFAFF4457" authority="observation" authorityName="Observation" box="[1182,1374,1068,1092]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="46" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D65CDBA6BFB414457" box="[1182,1248,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">In situ</emphasis>
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observation
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</taxonomicName>
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of an individual with disk depressed into sediment feeding on unidentified prey.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D62FFBA16FC42447B" bold="true" box="[940,995,1104,1128]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C–D.</emphasis>
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Predation on a sea cucumber,
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D647FBA16FEBB449F" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26215D6D647FBA16FEB7449F" baseAuthorityName="Brandt" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Holothuroidea" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Holothuriida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="leucospilota">Holothuria leucospilota</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Photographer:
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D60E5BA32FE47449F" bold="true" box="[438,486,1140,1164]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A–B</emphasis>
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||
: Sam King Fung Yiu
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D6397BA32FD54449F" bold="true" box="[708,757,1140,1164]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C–D</emphasis>
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: Choi Kwong Wan.
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||
</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226215D6D61C4BA98FE0446E2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4BA98FEBF44EB" blockId="46.[151,286,1246,1272]" box="[151,286,1246,1272]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4BA98FEBF44EB" bold="true" box="[151,286,1246,1272]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4BB60FCD2460B" blockId="46.[151,1437,1318,1561]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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This species is identified by having seven to nine arms, a bold black and white pattern present on the disk and arms in addition to three to five stout but short inferomarginal spines arranged in a transverse series. Single paxillar spines are absent. Most observed individuals of this species in
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D6239BB29FC4E459A" box="[874,1007,1391,1417]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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display eight or nine arms. Although addressed as a species relative to other
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26215D6D6335BBD4FD4645BE" box="[614,743,1426,1453]" class="Asteroidea" family="Luidiidae" genus="Luidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paxillosida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D6335BBD4FD0E45BF" box="[614,687,1426,1452]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Luidia</emphasis>
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spp.
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g. A.M. Clark 1982) infraspecific variation has not been heavily investigated. There are for example, distinct disk patterns between individuals in the
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D6586BBF1FAFD45C2" box="[1237,1372,1463,1489]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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area.
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<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26215D6D61C4BB9CFEB745E6" box="[151,278,1498,1525]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1068,1092]" captionTargetBox="[257,1332,237,1043]" captionTargetId="figure-31@46.[256,1332,237,1044]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 35. Luidia maculata A. In situ, abactinal surface showing two color pattern variants. B. In situ observation of an individual with disk depressed into sediment feeding on unidentified prey. C–D. Predation on a sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota. Photographer: A–B: Sam King Fung Yiu C–D: Choi Kwong Wan." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021601/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figure 35A</figureCitation>
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shows two color form variants, with the commonly encountered form on the left, but others have been observed. Feeding observations are considered under Discussion.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4B800FE6B4673" blockId="46.[151,458,1606,1632]" box="[151,458,1606,1632]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4B800FE6B4673" bold="true" box="[151,458,1606,1632]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4B8C9FEF546BA" blockId="46.[151,1436,1679,1777]" box="[151,340,1679,1705]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D61C4B8C9FEBC46BA" box="[151,285,1679,1705]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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,
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D6194B8F4FE0446E2" blockId="46.[151,1436,1679,1777]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<location id="8EC9607226215D6D6194B8F4FEBF46DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D6D61C4BED1FE0446E2:8EC9607226215D6D6194B8F4FEBF46DF" box="[199,286,1714,1740]" country="Hong Kong" county="Indian Ocean" municipality="Widely" name="Outside" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Outside</location>
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D6075B8F5FE0F46DE" box="[294,430,1715,1741]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCDACD326215D6D60EBB8F4FDA846DF" box="[440,521,1714,1740]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Widely</collectingMunicipality>
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throughout the Indo-Pacific. Southern
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D6297B8F4FBA646DF" box="[964,1031,1714,1740]" name="China" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D656DB8F5FBDF46DE" box="[1086,1150,1715,1741]" name="Japan" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Japan</collectingCountry>
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to
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||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D65F1B8F4FAAD46DF" box="[1186,1292,1714,1740]" name="Australia" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Australia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D6444B8F4FA3946DF" box="[1303,1432,1714,1740]" name="Philippines" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="62C84E2526215D6D61C4B890FE9146E3" box="[151,304,1750,1776]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Indian Ocean</collectingCounty>
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,
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</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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