Add updates up until 2024-11-05 19:59:49
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<mods:namePart id="BF1C6D5EF40397236484EEBA6A977647">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54112599B51DE040CFBC8FF06A050B96">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="050FD966802CB02005413E9AD46DADB6">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ In
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of five rayed individual. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
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@ -120,17 +120,14 @@ and
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,
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.
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.
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@ -139,36 +136,30 @@ and
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,
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,
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|
||||
, east to
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226205D6C60FAB895FDF746FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D7361C4B9CCFDE840A2:8EC9607226205D6C60FAB895FDF746FE" box="[425,598,1747,1773]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="Palmyra Island" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Fujian">Palmyra Island</location>
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226205D6C60FAB895FDF746FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D6C61C4B9CCFE364702:8EC9607226205D6C60FAB895FDF746FE" box="[425,598,1747,1773]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="Palmyra Island" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Fujian">Palmyra Island</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926205D6C6330B895FD7246FE" box="[611,723,1747,1773]" name="Indonesia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, northern and
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226205D6C622AB895FBE046FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D7361C4B9CCFDE840A2:8EC9607226205D6C622AB895FBE046FE" box="[889,1089,1747,1773]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="western Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Fujian">western Australia</location>
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226205D6C622AB895FBE046FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D6C61C4B9CCFE364702:8EC9607226205D6C622AB895FBE046FE" box="[889,1089,1747,1773]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="western Australia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Fujian">western Australia</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926205D6C651DB895FB1846FE" box="[1102,1209,1747,1773]" name="Maldives" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226205D6C6595B895FACA46FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D7361C4B9CCFDE840A2:8EC9607226205D6C6595B895FACA46FE" box="[1222,1387,1747,1773]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="Bay of Bengal" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Fujian">Bay of Bengal</location>
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226205D6C6595B895FACA46FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D6C61C4B9CCFE364702:8EC9607226205D6C6595B895FACA46FE" box="[1222,1387,1747,1773]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="Bay of Bengal" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Fujian">Bay of Bengal</location>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226205D6C61C4B8B1FE914702" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D7361C4B9CCFDE840A2:8EC9607226205D6C61C4B8B1FE914702" box="[151,304,1783,1809]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="Indian Ocean" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Fujian">Indian Ocean</location>
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226205D6C61C4B8B1FE914702" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D6C61C4B9CCFE364702:8EC9607226205D6C61C4B8B1FE914702" box="[151,304,1783,1809]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="Indian Ocean" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Fujian">Indian Ocean</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26205D6C6068B8B1FE324702" box="[315,403,1783,1809]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="003BD19A26205D6C6068B8B1FE324702" box="[315,403,1783,1809]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="0.0">0–60 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263F5D7361C4BED1FDE840A2" blockId="48.[151,585,151,177]" box="[151,585,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263F5D7361C4BED1FDE840A2" authority="Verrill 1870" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,585,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263F5D7361C4BED1FDE840A2" bold="true" box="[151,585,151,177]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">OPHIDIASTERIDAE Verrill 1870</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,58 +1,58 @@
|
|||
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<treatment id="03BF87BF26215D6D61C4BED1FD9F474F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D6D61C4BED1FD9F474F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BF26215D6D61C4BED1FD9F474F" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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|
||||
|
|
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ Photographer:
|
|||
: Choi Kwong Wan.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C652226215D6D61C4BA98FD9F474F" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226215D6D61C4BA98FE0446E2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4BA98FEBF44EB" blockId="46.[151,286,1246,1272]" box="[151,286,1246,1272]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4BA98FEBF44EB" bold="true" box="[151,286,1246,1272]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Comments</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
|
||||
|
|
@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ shows two color form variants, with the commonly encountered form on the left, b
|
|||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4B800FE6B4673" bold="true" box="[151,458,1606,1632]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4B8C9FEF546BA" blockId="46.[151,1436,1679,1777]" box="[151,340,1679,1705]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF426215D6D61C4B8C9FEF546BA" box="[151,340,1679,1705]" country="Hong Kong" elevation="7" location="Hong Kong" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="7">
|
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D61C4B8C9FEBC46BA" box="[151,285,1679,1705]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D10FD2026215D6D607AB8C9FEF546BA" box="[297,340,1679,1705]" count="7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="generic">
|
||||
|
|
@ -133,11 +132,9 @@ shows two color form variants, with the commonly encountered form on the left, b
|
|||
</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
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|
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D6194B8F4FE0446E2" blockId="46.[151,1436,1679,1777]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<location id="8EC9607226215D6D6194B8F4FEBF46DF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26215D6D61C4BED1FE0446E2:8EC9607226215D6D6194B8F4FEBF46DF" box="[199,286,1714,1740]" country="Hong Kong" county="Indian Ocean" municipality="Widely" name="Outside" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Outside</location>
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926215D6D6075B8F5FE0F46DE" box="[294,430,1715,1741]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BCDACD326215D6D60EBB8F4FDA846DF" box="[440,521,1714,1740]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Widely</collectingMunicipality>
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|
|
@ -156,12 +153,6 @@ to
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<elevation id="003BD19A26215D6D6068B890FE0046E2" box="[315,417,1750,1777]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="50.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="0.0">0–100 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4B904FD9F474F" blockId="46.[151,574,1858,1884]" box="[151,574,1858,1884]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26215D6D61C4B904FD9F474F" authority="Verrill 1867" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,574,1858,1884]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4B904FD9F474F" bold="true" box="[151,574,1858,1884]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">ECHINASTERIDAE Verrill 1867</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
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|
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|
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</treatment>
|
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|
|
@ -1,58 +1,58 @@
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@ -138,5 +138,28 @@ Sea, (
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,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26245D686207B9F7FC0047DF" box="[852,929,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.95" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="69.5">69.5 m</quantity>
|
||||
(38 fathoms), Coll. USFC Steamer Albatross,
|
||||
<date id="FFA8106926245D6861C4B993FE9F47FC" box="[151,318,2005,2032]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1908-08-09">9 August 1908</date>
|
||||
. 1 dry spec.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C26245D686099B993FE7C47FC" box="[458,477,2005,2031]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
=8.2 r=1.8
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
258
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Normal file
258
data/03/BF/87/03BF87BF26355D7F61C4BB1EFCE54176.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
|
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<mods:affiliation id="7BCD5029D8F0319C80ED8CC5E27070A9">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3AFF2D1E56426EF620F26F2128FAA877">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8C5EE639A79F183D1D077AB4766756E9">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226355D7961C4BB1EFDC44561" box="[151,613,1367,1394]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926355D7961C4BB1EFDC44561" blockId="58.[151,613,1367,1430]" box="[151,613,1367,1394]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="D0E181C526355D7961C4BB1EFDC44561" bold="true" box="[151,613,1367,1394]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="4">
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26355D7961C4BB1EFDC44561" ID-CoL="76MC7" authority="Doderlein 1916" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,613,1367,1394]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26355D7961C4BB1EFDC44561" bold="true" box="[151,613,1367,1394]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26355D7961C4BB1EFE014561" bold="true" box="[151,416,1367,1394]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pentaceraster sibogae</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826355D7960F4BB1EFDC44561" author="Doderlein, L." box="[423,613,1368,1394]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="409 - 440" refId="ref38394" refString="Doderlein, L. (1916) Uber die Gattung Oreaster und verwandte. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 40, 409 - 440." type="journal article" year="1916">Döderlein 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C652226355D7961C4BB3AFE114585" box="[151,432,1404,1430]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926355D7961C4BB3AFE114585" blockId="58.[151,613,1367,1430]" box="[151,432,1404,1430]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26355D7961C4BB3AFEF74585" box="[151,342,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="58.[151,250,973,997]" captionTargetBox="[281,1305,181,949]" captionTargetId="figure-23@58.[281,1305,181,949]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 42. Pentaceraster alveolatus/P. sibogae A. In situ, abactinal surface. B. Abactinal surface showing pattern variation. C. & D. Pentaceraster sibogae. Feeding on urchin, Heliocidaris crassispina Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021615/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 42C–D</figureCitation>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26355D796031BB3AFE114585" box="[354,432,1404,1430]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[379,1209,181,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-17@59.[379,1209,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 43. Pentaceraster sibogae A. In situ observation of predation on Scleronephthya. B. In situ observation, possible predation on Scleronephthya. C. In situ, six armed variant. D. In situ, four armed variant. E. In situ abactinal surf showing red variant. F. In situ closeup on actinal surface showing benthic ctenophores with feeding tentacles extended. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021617/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">43A–F</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C652226355D7F61C4BB82FCE54176" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926355D7961C4BB82FEBF45CD" blockId="58.[151,286,1476,1502]" box="[151,286,1476,1502]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26355D7961C4BB82FEBF45CD" bold="true" box="[151,286,1476,1502]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926355D7961C4B84AFD414779" blockId="58.[151,1437,1548,1934]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
This species was identified based on descriptions summarized by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826355D7962CEB84AFB314634" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[925,1168,1548,1575]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826355D79659CB84AFA394635" author="Doderlein, L." box="[1231,1432,1548,1574]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="295 - 369" refId="ref38450" refString="Doderlein, L. (1936) Die Asteriden der Siboga-Exped. III. Die unterfamile Oreasterinae. Siboga-Expedition, 46 (2), 295 - 369, pls. 21 - 32." type="journal article" year="1936">Döderlein (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. Diagnostic characters used include the presence of large carinal spines and abactinal-lateral spines on both the disk and arm, as well as spines present on all of the superomarginal spines. This species varies widely however, demonstrating a broad range of body shape with highly variable R/r ratios demonstrating more elongate versus more triangular arms in some individuals as well as a variably thick to arched disk as well as a large number of color patterns ranging from disk and arms with light blue to red to spines with dark red to yellow or white respectively. The interradial arcs in some individuals ranged from weakly curved to straight to more acute. No oral side characters, such as furrow spines or subambulacrals, were observed. The high degree of variation suggests further work into the possibility of cryptic taxa across this widely occurring species.
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26355D796233B96AFBF34755" box="[864,1106,1836,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 43" captionStartId="59.[151,250,1077,1101]" captionTargetBox="[379,1209,181,1053]" captionTargetId="figure-17@59.[379,1209,181,1053]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 43. Pentaceraster sibogae A. In situ observation of predation on Scleronephthya. B. In situ observation, possible predation on Scleronephthya. C. In situ, six armed variant. D. In situ, four armed variant. E. In situ abactinal surf showing red variant. F. In situ closeup on actinal surface showing benthic ctenophores with feeding tentacles extended. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021617/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figures 43C and 43D</figureCitation>
|
||||
show
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926355D7965CFB96AFA814755" box="[1180,1312,1836,1862]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
specimens with variable arm number, six and four respectively.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926355D796194B932FC04479D" blockId="58.[151,1437,1548,1934]" box="[199,933,1908,1934]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||||
This represents the first occurrence of this species in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926355D796249B932FC00479D" box="[794,929,1908,1934]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<caption id="DF69662126345D7861C4BA73FE9744AA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021617/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" startId="59.[151,250,1077,1101]" targetBox="[379,1209,181,1053]" targetPageId="59" targetType="figure">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926345D7861C4BA73FE9744AA" blockId="59.[151,1436,1077,1210]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7861C4BA73FD92445E" bold="true" box="[151,563,1077,1101]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
FIGURE 43.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D786078BA70FDB3445E" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1916" box="[299,530,1077,1101]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D786078BA70FDB3445E" bold="true" box="[299,530,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pentaceraster sibogae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
A.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D78636FBA70FDF0445E" box="[572,593,1078,1101]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">In</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D78630ABA70FD5C445E" authority="observation" authorityName="Observation" box="[601,765,1077,1101]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D78630ABA70FDDF445E" box="[601,638,1078,1101]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">situ</emphasis>
|
||||
observation
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
of predation on
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7862FEBA73FBF0445E" box="[941,1105,1077,1101]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D7862FEBA73FBEC445E" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1887" box="[941,1101,1077,1101]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Scleronephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Scleronephthya</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D78650ABA73FBD1445E" bold="true" box="[1113,1136,1077,1101]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">B.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D78652ABA70FA9C445E" authority="observation" authorityName="Observation" box="[1145,1341,1077,1101]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D78652ABA70FB1D445E" box="[1145,1212,1078,1101]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">In situ</emphasis>
|
||||
observation
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, possible predation on
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D78604DBA1FFE1A4462" authorityName="Studer" authorityYear="1887" box="[286,443,1113,1137]" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Scleronephthya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D78604DBA1FFE1A4462" box="[286,443,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Scleronephthya</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D786094BA1FFE414462" bold="true" box="[455,480,1113,1137]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">C.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D7860B4BA1CFD894462" box="[487,552,1114,1137]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7860B4BA1CFD894462" box="[487,552,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">In situ</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, six armed variant.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7863A1BA1FFCAA4462" bold="true" box="[754,779,1113,1137]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D786241BA1CFCF34462" box="[786,850,1114,1137]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D786241BA1CFCF34462" box="[786,850,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">In situ</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, four armed variant.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D786579BA1FFBE04462" bold="true" box="[1066,1089,1113,1137]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">E.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D78651BBA1CFB284462" box="[1096,1161,1114,1137]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D78651BBA1CFB284462" box="[1096,1161,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">In situ</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
abactinal surf showing red variant.
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7861B8BA3BFF5F4486" bold="true" box="[235,254,1149,1173]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">F.</emphasis>
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D786056BA38FEE74486" box="[261,326,1150,1173]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D786056BA38FEE74486" box="[261,326,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">In situ</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
closeup on actinal surface showing benthic ctenophores with feeding tentacles extended. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</caption>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926345D7861C4BB4DFE6B4536" blockId="59.[151,458,1291,1317]" box="[151,458,1291,1317]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7861C4BB4DFE6B4536" bold="true" box="[151,458,1291,1317]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926345D7861C4BB12FB054581" blockId="59.[151,1188,1364,1426]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D7861C4BB12FEBC457D" box="[151,285,1364,1390]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26345D78607ABB12FE2E457D" box="[297,399,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="003BD19A26345D78607ABB12FE2E457D" box="[297,399,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||||
10–
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D10FD2026345D786001BB12FE2E457D" box="[338,399,1364,1390]" count="20" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">20 m</specimenCount>
|
||||
</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226345D786194BB31FEBF4582" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26355D7F61C4BB1EFCE54176:8EC9607226345D786194BB31FEBF4582" box="[199,286,1399,1425]" country="Hong Kong" name="Outside" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Outside</location>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D786076BB3EFE0C4581" box="[293,429,1400,1426]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<collectorName id="26E3537F26345D7860E4BB31FDBD4582" box="[439,540,1399,1425]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Southern</collectorName>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D786370BB31FDC84582" box="[547,617,1399,1425]" name="China" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49D2F84B26345D786327BB31FD644582" box="[628,709,1399,1425]" country="China" name="Hainan" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hainan</collectingRegion>
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226345D78639FBB31FCB24582" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26355D7F61C4BB1EFCE54176:8EC9607226345D78639FBB31FCB24582" box="[716,787,1399,1425]" country="China" name="Island" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Hainan">Island</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectorName id="26E3537F26345D78624DBB3EFC134582" box="[798,946,1399,1426]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Borneo Bank</collectorName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D7862BABB31FBFB4582" box="[1001,1114,1399,1425]" name="Indonesia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D10FD2026345D786537BB3EFB054581" box="[1124,1188,1400,1426]" count="10" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="generic">
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26345D786537BB3EFB014581" box="[1124,1184,1400,1426]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="10.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="003BD19A26345D786537BB3EFB014581" box="[1124,1184,1400,1426]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926345D7861C4BBA5FEEB45EE" blockId="59.[151,330,1507,1533]" box="[151,330,1507,1533]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7861C4BBA5FEEB45EE" bold="true" box="[151,330,1507,1533]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">DISCUSSION</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926345D7861C4B86DFE2A4656" blockId="59.[151,395,1579,1605]" box="[151,395,1579,1605]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7861C4B86DFE2A4656" bold="true" box="[151,395,1579,1605]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">General Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926345D7861C4B832FB4C470E" blockId="59.[151,1437,1651,2038]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
Our work presents multiple new observations of echinoderms in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D7862C5B832FB81469D" box="[918,1056,1652,1678]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, including five new occurrences for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D786192B8D1FECC46A2" authority="and" authorityName="AND" box="[193,365,1687,1713]" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="59" pageNumber="2" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Asteroidea and</taxonomicName>
|
||||
eleven new occurrences for
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D786390B8D1FCE046A2" box="[707,833,1687,1713]" class="Echinoidea" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="class">Echinoidea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C694031226345D786200B8D1FC1746A1" box="[851,950,1687,1714]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[152,244,332,356]" captionText="TABLE 1. Species list of Echinoidea in Hong Kong encountered from this study. Species in bold indicate the first record." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<tableCitation id="C694031226345D7862A6B8DEFBA746A1" box="[1013,1030,1688,1714]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[152,244,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 2. Species list of Asteroidea in Hong Kong encountered from this study. Species in bold indicate the first record." pageId="59" pageNumber="60">2</tableCitation>
|
||||
). The species outlined herein have been previously recorded from the South
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D786327B8FDFD1646C6" box="[628,695,1723,1749]" name="China" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
Sea, but not specifically from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D786549B8FAFB0546C5" box="[1050,1188,1724,1750]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826345D7865E3B8FDFA3D46C5" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[1200,1436,1723,1750]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
summarized multiple species from southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D7863D8B899FD6F46EA" box="[651,718,1759,1785]" name="China" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
but which were notably absent from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D786520B8A6FB5A46E9" box="[1139,1275,1760,1786]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. This includes larger, very prominent urchin species such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D7863C4B945FC3F470E" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[663,926,1795,1821]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Prionocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="baculosa">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7863C4B945FC3F470E" box="[663,926,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Prionocidaris baculosa</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D786286B945FB4C470E" box="[981,1261,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D786286B945FB4B470E" authorityName="A. Agassiz & H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1907" box="[981,1258,1795,1821]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Coelopleurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculatus">Coelopleurus maculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926345D786194B961FC0847E5" blockId="59.[151,1437,1651,2038]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826345D786194B961FE124751" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[199,435,1831,1858]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
described the occurrence of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7863ACB961FA344752" box="[767,1429,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D7863ACB961FC664752" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[767,967,1831,1857]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigata">Linckia laevigata</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D786287B961FB624752" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[980,1219,1831,1857]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luzonicus">Echinaster luzonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D78659CB961FA344752" box="[1231,1429,1831,1857]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="savigny">Diadema savigny</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
i and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D786194B90AFE024776" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[199,419,1867,1893]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Tripneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gratilla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D786194B90AFE024776" box="[199,419,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tripneustes gratilla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as uncommon, with individual species showing uneven distribution patterns. For example,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D7861C4B929FE25479A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[151,388,1903,1929]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luzonicus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7861C4B929FE25479A" box="[151,388,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Echinaster luzonicus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D786093B936FD3E479A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[448,671,1903,1929]" class="Echinoidea" family="Toxopneustidae" genus="Tripneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="gratilla">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D786093B936FD3E479A" box="[448,671,1903,1929]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Tripneustes gratilla</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
are regularly spotted at specific sites such as the Ninepin Islands. In other instances, some species are not seen frequently. For example, since 2014, only one sighting of
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D78641BB9D5FF5E47C2" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Linckia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="laevigata">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D78641BB9D5FF5E47C2" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Linckia laevigata</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
and four of
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26345D7860D6B9F1FDF447C2" box="[389,597,1975,2001]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26345D7860D6B9F1FDF047C2" baseAuthorityName="Audouin" baseAuthorityYear="1809" box="[389,593,1975,2001]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="savignyi">Diadema savignyi</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
respectively, have been made. Although commonly encountered elsewhere, these species are not frequently observed in the waters of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926345D78624DB99AFC0447E5" box="[798,933,2012,2038]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926335D7F6194BED1FCE54176" blockId="60.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">
|
||||
The further discoveries of new occurrence in
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926335D7F638CBED1FCC740A2" box="[735,870,151,177]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="60" pageNumber="61">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
are attributed largely to improved reporting and surveys of deeper and more remote areas than have previously been accessible without SCUBA. Social media platforms, such as Facebook, have facilitated sharing of images and permitted contact between photographers and professional taxonomists. Citizen scientist platforms, such as iNaturalist (https://www.inaturalist.org/home) have archived records of taxon imagery for specific areas, as shared by regional photographers. This publication would not have taken place without shared images via social media.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,58 +1,58 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation id="9DF02FAD8A2648205C07CB3794CF6EBA">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="1CE9D41AAB0D3897469C83E182E385A7" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="CEDCC1AF7B61B55536C0127283354F7D">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D79E6E5FF14F8A1049F5CD612ADF3B97" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6212-7339</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3DAF88B48242BDDF1B93F3B9D2BC5ADF">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D25C86F06BBB0932E1D8187820549227" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3266A02A7B02C7BFF32242D8CE0CB762">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="77EAB85CA4A3B7EB564BC7C6C48255C6">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E36DDBC361844CB88C34905BEB44F934" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B3EF5CC55336937C3BAD888F6334694E">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="101312038E70091DBD92B8154FEE1E00">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="63CE3EFAFAECAC1C3CA087A79FB7FE2C" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7A1DB660D7575283DB079A5F4BA01D51">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A40F764BE30C1FF1A29CEB8713CABDB3">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A73703EE71C72C6EC4629005CB7643A">5526</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8B6BDFB125F899DC8FE0D44ED473E05D">5526</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="29B01D8832ED0D2723B589ED45632CFD" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BF87BF26385D7B61C4BFF1FDC147CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26385D7B61C4BFF1FDC147CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BF26385D7B61C4BFF1FDC147CE" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<treatment id="03BF87BF26385D7A61C4BFF1FB604152" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26385D7A61C4BFF1FB604152" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BF26385D7A61C4BFF1FB604152" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C652226385D7461C4BFF1FD6041C2" box="[151,705,439,466]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926385D7461C4BFF1FD6041C2" blockId="55.[151,705,439,501]" box="[151,705,439,466]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0E181C526385D7461C4BFF1FD6041C2" bold="true" box="[151,705,439,466]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="4">
|
||||
|
|
@ -153,17 +153,14 @@ bservations of this species showed a wide range of color variation, which agrees
|
|||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26375D7B61C4BFF0FE6B41C3" bold="true" box="[151,458,438,464]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926375D7B61C4BFB9FE24420A" blockId="56.[151,1436,510,609]" box="[151,389,510,537]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF426375D7B61C4BFB9FE24420A" box="[151,389,510,537]" country="Hong Kong" elevation="13" location="Hong Kong" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1">
|
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926375D7B61C4BFB9FEBC420A" box="[151,285,511,537]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26375D7B607ABFB8FE20420A" box="[297,385,510,537]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">
|
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<elevation id="003BD19A26375D7B607ABFB8FE20420A" box="[297,385,510,537]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="5.0">5–20 m</elevation>
|
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</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926375D7B6194BC65FE934272" blockId="56.[151,1436,510,609]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF426375D7B6194BC65FE934272" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" elevation="12" location="Observed" municipality="Southern" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangdong">
|
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<collectingCounty id="62C84E2526375D7B6194BC65FEBF422E" box="[199,286,547,573]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Outside</collectingCounty>
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<collectingCountry id="F301763926375D7B607BBC65FE10422E" box="[296,433,547,573]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
|
|
@ -174,13 +171,12 @@ bservations of this species showed a wide range of color variation, which agrees
|
|||
and
|
||||
<collectingRegion id="49D2F84B26375D7B626EBC65FC54422E" box="[829,1013,547,573]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Fujian Province</collectingRegion>
|
||||
. “shallow water”
|
||||
<location id="8EC9607226375D7B6590BC65FA8F422E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26385D7B61C4BFF1FDC147CE:8EC9607226375D7B6590BC65FA8F422E" box="[1219,1326,547,573]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="Observed" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Guangdong">Observed</location>
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<location id="8EC9607226375D7B6590BC65FA8F422E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF26385D7A61C4BFF1FB604152:8EC9607226375D7B6590BC65FA8F422E" box="[1219,1326,547,573]" country="Hong Kong" county="Outside" municipality="Southern" name="Observed" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" stateProvince="Guangdong">Observed</location>
|
||||
on rocky wall,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26375D7B6186BC01FE8C4272" box="[213,301,583,609]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="11.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="3.0">
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<elevation id="003BD19A26375D7B6186BC01FE8C4272" box="[213,301,583,609]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" unit="m" value="11.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="3.0">3–20 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C652226375D7B61C4BCF4FDC147CE" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="description">
|
||||
|
|
@ -203,5 +199,49 @@ in length oriented at oblique to transverse angles relative to the adambulacral
|
|||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926375D7B6194B975FDC147CE" blockId="56.[151,1437,763,2013]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Furrow spines 5 to 6, webbed, subambulacral spines in 2 irregularly arranged rows. Subambulacral spines adjacent to but spaced from furrow spines, each thick and enlarged, each approximately 2 to 3 times the thickness of the furrow spines with a third row of subambulacral spines similarly thick and enlarged. Furrow spines on oral plates, 9 to 10, webbed similar in size, shape to those along arms. Oral plate surface covered by 7 to 8 thick, blunt spines, all oral plates covered by dermis.</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926365D7A61C4BED1FE2A40A2" blockId="57.[151,395,151,177]" box="[151,395,151,177]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<heading id="D0E181C526365D7A61C4BED1FE2A40A2" bold="true" box="[151,395,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" reason="1">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB26365D7A61C4BED1FE2A40A2" bold="true" box="[151,395,151,177]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Material Examined</emphasis>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A926365D7A61C4BE99FB604152" blockId="57.[151,1436,223,322]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF426365D7A61C4BE99FA9040EA" box="[151,1329,223,250]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
USNM 3036
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926365D7A607DBEA6FE1540E9" box="[302,436,224,250]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926365D7A6093BE99FDA640EA" box="[448,519,223,249]" name="China" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Coll. W. Stimpson. 3 wet specs.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C26365D7A6228BE99FC2F40E9" box="[891,910,223,250]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
=5.8 r=2.6
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C26365D7A6559BEA6FBBC40E9" box="[1034,1053,224,250]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
= 6.1 r=2.8
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C26365D7A65F2BE99FB1440E9" box="[1185,1205,223,250]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
=5.1 r=2.4.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF426365D7A6194BF45FB1C4152" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C26365D7A6194BF45FEB9410E" box="[199,280,259,285]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||||
308834, on rock. Breaker reef in Mirs Bay NE of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926365D7A6201BF42FB84410E" box="[850,1061,259,286]" name="Hong Kong Island" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hong Kong Island</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926365D7A6563BF42FB16410D" box="[1072,1207,260,286]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F301763926365D7A6590BF45FAA8410E" box="[1219,1289,259,285]" name="China" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE22506E26365D7A6447BF45FA39410E" box="[1300,1432,259,285]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="27.78" orientation="latitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="9" value="22.463">22º27.78’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE22506E26365D7A61C4BF61FE854151" box="[151,292,295,322]" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="25.11" orientation="longitude" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" precision="9" value="114.4185">114º25.11’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D10FD2026365D7A607CBF61FEC04151" box="[303,353,295,322]" count="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="generic">
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C26365D7A607CBF61FEFC4151" box="[303,349,295,322]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
||||
Coll. Coral Reef Research Foundation,
|
||||
<date id="FFA8106926365D7A6270BF61FC074152" box="[803,934,295,321]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" value="1994-10-04">4 Oct. 1994</date>
|
||||
1 wet spec.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C26365D7A6562BF61FBE54152" box="[1073,1092,295,321]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
=6.2 r=2.6
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,58 +1,58 @@
|
|||
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<mods:affiliation id="E9CFD673B47C57081AE25A93F3D9637B">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="03BF87BF263D5D7661C4BC2CFEB2451E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263D5D7661C4BC2CFEB2451E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BF263D5D7661C4BC2CFEB2451E" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
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<treatment id="03BF87BF263D5D7661C4BC2CFE17463E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263D5D7661C4BC2CFE17463E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BF263D5D7661C4BC2CFE17463E" lastPageId="53" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
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<subSubSection id="C30C6522263D5D7161C4BC2CFDB04297" box="[151,529,618,645]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
|
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263D5D7161C4BC2CFDB04297" blockId="50.[151,529,618,681]" box="[151,529,618,645]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<heading id="D0E181C5263D5D7161C4BC2CFDB04297" bold="true" box="[151,529,618,645]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" reason="4">
|
||||
|
|
@ -202,7 +202,6 @@ complex rather than a separate species.
|
|||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263D5D7161C4B948FE1D473B" bold="true" box="[151,444,1806,1832]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263D5D7161C4B911FBFE4786" blockId="50.[151,1119,1878,1941]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF4263D5D7161C4B911FEBF4786" country="Hong Kong" elevation="5" location="Hong Kong" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="5">
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639263D5D7161C4B911FEBC4762" box="[151,285,1879,1905]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<specimenCount id="9D10FD20263D5D71607AB910FEFA4762" box="[297,347,1878,1905]" count="5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="generic">
|
||||
|
|
@ -211,26 +210,21 @@ complex rather than a separate species.
|
|||
</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</specimenCount>
|
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Outside
|
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</materialsCitation>
|
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<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF4263D5D716076B93DFD684786" box="[293,713,1915,1941]" country="Hong Kong" location="Okinawa" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa">
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Outside
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639263D5D716076B93DFE0C4786" box="[293,429,1915,1941]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
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.
|
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<collectingRegion id="49D2F84B263D5D7160E4B93DFDBE4786" box="[439,543,1915,1941]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263D5D716379B93DFDCC4786" box="[554,621,1915,1941]" name="Japan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Gulf of
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF4263D5D716383B93DFBFE4786" box="[720,1119,1915,1941]" country="Vietnam" elevation="30" location="Fujian Province" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
, Gulf of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263D5D716383B93DFCBE4786" box="[720,799,1915,1941]" name="Vietnam" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Tonkin</collectingCountry>
|
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to
|
||||
<location id="8EC96072263D5D716211B93DFC564786" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263D5D7661C4BC2CFEB2451E:8EC96072263D5D716211B93DFC564786" box="[834,1015,1915,1941]" country="Vietnam" name="Fujian Province" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fujian Province</location>
|
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<location id="8EC96072263D5D716211B93DFC564786" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263D5D7661C4BC2CFE17463E:8EC96072263D5D716211B93DFC564786" box="[834,1015,1915,1941]" country="Vietnam" name="Fujian Province" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Fujian Province</location>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C263D5D716550B93DFBFA4786" box="[1027,1115,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="0.0">
|
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<elevation id="003BD19A263D5D716550B93DFBFA4786" box="[1027,1115,1915,1941]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="30.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="0.0">0–60 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
||||
<caption id="DF696621263C5D7061C4B837FCE546BE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14021607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021607/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" startId="51.[151,250,1649,1673]" targetBox="[164,1423,181,1625]" targetPageId="51" targetType="figure">
|
||||
|
|
@ -318,5 +312,46 @@ Adambulacral plates with three spine series, one furrow series on groove and two
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263A5D766194BAC1FEB2451E" blockId="53.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Oral plate with furrow spines, six, blunt, thick, quadrate to round in cross-section with paired spines projecting into mouth, quadrate in cross-section, elongate, approximately 10% longer than other oral plate furrow spines. Oral plate surface with two series, each with 6 to 8 short, blunt, thick spines on either side of the fossae between the two oral plates.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263A5D7661C4BB18FE2A456B" blockId="53.[151,395,1374,1400]" box="[151,395,1374,1400]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D0E181C5263A5D7661C4BB18FE2A456B" bold="true" box="[151,395,1374,1400]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263A5D7661C4BB18FE2A456B" bold="true" box="[151,395,1374,1400]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Material Examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263A5D7661C4BBE1FDEC45F6" blockId="53.[151,1436,1446,1581]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF4263A5D7661C4BBE1FDEC45F6" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB263A5D7661C4BBE1FEDE45D3" bold="true" box="[151,383,1446,1473]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
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<collectingCountry id="F3017639263A5D7661C4BBE1FE8245D2" box="[151,291,1447,1473]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263A5D76607CBBE0FEDB45D3" box="[303,378,1446,1472]" name="China" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C263A5D7660D5BBE1FE7645D2" box="[390,471,1447,1473]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||||
113389, breaker reef,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263A5D766380BBE1FCFB45D2" box="[723,858,1447,1473]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263A5D766236BBE1FC0A45D2" box="[869,939,1447,1473]" name="China" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE22506E263A5D7662E5BBE1FB9545D2" box="[950,1076,1447,1473]" degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="27.78" orientation="latitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="9" value="22.463">22º 27.78N</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
<geoCoordinate id="EE22506E263A5D76656FBBE0FB6945D2" box="[1084,1224,1446,1473]" degrees="114" direction="east" minutes="25.11" orientation="longitude" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" precision="9" value="114.4185">114º25.11’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||||
, 2 wet specs.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C263A5D76607EBB8DFEE145F6" box="[301,320,1483,1509]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
=8.7 r=4.2;
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C263A5D766096BB8DFE7945F6" box="[453,472,1483,1509]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
=6.2 r=2.9
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263A5D766194BBA8FE17463E" blockId="53.[151,1436,1446,1581]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF4263A5D766194BBA8FE17463E" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263A5D766194BBA8FEFB461B" bold="true" box="[199,346,1518,1544]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">USNM 3036</emphasis>
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263A5D766031BBA9FE4A461A" box="[354,491,1519,1545]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
. Coll. W. Stimpson, North Pacific Exploring Expedition. 3 wet specs.
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C263A5D766458BBA9FABE461A" box="[1291,1311,1519,1545]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
=6.1 r=2.8,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C263A5D7661C4B854FF0B463E" box="[151,170,1554,1581]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
=5.7 r=2.7,
|
||||
<collectionCode id="ED07AE6C263A5D76607DB854FEE0463E" box="[302,321,1554,1581]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">R</collectionCode>
|
||||
=5.7 r=2.5
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
136
data/03/BF/87/03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6.xml
Normal file
136
data/03/BF/87/03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6.xml
Normal file
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
|
|||
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<mods:title id="857FBAFEC6D6B802EED5A40AFF2CC16F">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="370ADC3356C09AE20B392EDD1B7B409E">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FBA530C4A970EE183923784446C3052F">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E9B924B227C61F0383056DCB2E77D36B" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
|
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<mods:namePart id="1D449C8421A76BEC096B0E8394197BFF">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
|
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<mods:affiliation id="B050428AE231ED630F569D46E3B1592A">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="449C392582E0EE0E328F1088E3011179" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="FFA0CFC9CC2CEF791E386D1F14C5E044">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E45CB63F2FC25780B40074149B853A18">
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<treatment id="03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C6522263E5D7261C4BA21FE9546F6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" blockId="49.[151,539,1127,1153]" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" ID-CoL="7NK77" authority="Fisher 1908" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" bold="true" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">OREASTERIDAE Fisher 1908</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BAE9FB124549" blockId="49.[151,1437,1199,1765]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Five species of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726015BAF6FE6844D9" box="[326,457,1200,1226]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
oreasterids are reported herein as opposed to the four reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7265FCBAE9FA3844D9" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[1199,1433,1199,1226]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. As discussed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D726006BA95FD9F44FD" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[341,574,1235,1262]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and elaborated upon below, there are many doubts regarding the occurrence of several
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72605FBAB1FE0D4501" box="[268,428,1271,1298]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72605FBAB1FED74502" box="[268,374,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Anthenea</emphasis>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as indicated. We report novel occurrences of several oreasterids from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726592BABEFAE44501" box="[1217,1349,1272,1298]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
waters, such as
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261A7BB5DFCB24526" box="[244,787,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7261A7BB5DFE4C4526" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[244,493,1307,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">Culcita novaeguineae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7260A9BB5AFCB24526" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[506,787,1307,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alveolatus">Pentaceraster alveolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726206BB5AFBF84526" box="[853,1113,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726206BB5AFBF44526" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1916" box="[853,1109,1307,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">Pentaceraster sibogae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
which are otherwise widely reported from tropical Indo-Pacific settings and from southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D72620BBB79FC3A454A" box="[856,923,1343,1369]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D726296BB79FB0E4549" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[965,1199,1343,1370]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D726194BB25FE9546F6" blockId="49.[151,1437,1199,1765]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Oreasterids undergo a significant change in appearance as they become larger. At a size range of approximately R=5.0 mm to
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C263E5D72606BBBC1FE6C45B1" box="[312,461,1415,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30 to 50 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, (this varies with species), many oreasterids, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72657CBBC1FB2045B2" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1836" box="[1071,1153,1415,1441]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72657CBBC1FB2045B2" box="[1071,1153,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Culcita</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, possess a pentagonal to more weakly stellate, relatively planar and undecorated surface “goniasterid” like shape which changes to the more heavily armored and strongly arched form seen in large
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726241BB89FC0245FA" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1908" box="[786,931,1487,1513]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Oreasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. These smaller goniasterid-like forms can be difficult to associate with the larger body forms based purely on external appearance since intermediate characters are difficult to discern and colors change, sometimes dramatically. For example, the Atlantic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7265E8B85EFA3D4622" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1211,1436,1559,1586]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7265E8B85EFA3D4622" box="[1211,1436,1559,1586]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
changes from a dark mottled green and brown to bright red (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D72620EB87DFBE44645" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." box="[861,1093,1595,1622]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref39474" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||||
Hendler
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726290B87AFC594646" box="[963,1016,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 1995
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726508B87DFAF54646" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1115,1364,1595,1621]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726508B87DFAF54646" box="[1115,1364,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Culcita novaeguineae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the best documented of these, changing from a pentagonal goniasterid-like form to a significantly large, mound-shape (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7261CCB8C5FEC6468E" author="Kano, Y. T. & Komatsu, M. & Oguro, C." box="[159,359,1667,1694]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="323 - 236" refId="ref39951" refString="Kano, Y. T., Komatsu, M. & Oguro, C. (1991) Morphological changes of the cushion star, Culcita novaeguineae Muller et Troschel, during growth. In: Yanagisawa, T. Yasumasu, I., Oguro, C., Suzuki, N., Motokawa, T., Biology of Echinodermata. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 323 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003077565 - 74" type="book chapter" year="1991">
|
||||
Kano
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261B4B8C2FEBA468E" box="[231,283,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 1991
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Multiple images on iNaturalist (e.g. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/117293137) are potentially small forms of either
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72635BB8E1FC8B46D2" box="[520,810,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72635BB8E1FDD446D2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[520,629,1703,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Anthenea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7263D3B8E1FC8B46D2" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[640,810,1703,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Gymnanthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Gymnanthenea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72621CB8EEFC4D46D2" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1916" box="[847,1004,1704,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72621CB8EEFC4D46D2" box="[847,1004,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pentaceraster</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but further data is required to confirm identification.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
119
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Normal file
119
data/03/BF/87/03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BFEAFDB94433.xml
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|
|
@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
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<mods:affiliation id="338DE0CDC1B4D34645343BDFD8482E8B">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7AA21B758106A941EB80A0AE98346998">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BFEAFD9F41D5" blockId="49.[151,574,428,491]" box="[151,574,428,455]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7261C4BFEAFD9F41D5" ID-CoL="49VQ2" authority="Koehler 1910" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,574,428,455]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BFEAFD9F41D5" bold="true" box="[151,574,428,455]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BFEAFE2E41D4" bold="true" box="[151,399,428,455]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ophidiaster armatus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7260C4BFEBFD9F41D5" author="Koehler, R." box="[407,574,428,455]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="265 - 295" refId="ref40302" refString="Koehler, R. (1910) Asteries et Ophiures des iles Aru et Kei. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 33, 265 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12579" type="journal article" year="1910">Koehler 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
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|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C6522263E5D7261C4BF97FEF541F8" box="[151,340,465,491]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BF97FEF541F8" blockId="49.[151,574,428,491]" box="[151,340,465,491]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C263E5D7261C4BF97FEF541F8" box="[151,340,465,491]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[333,1255,309,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-41@48.[333,1255,309,1538]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 37. Linckia and Ophidiaster armatus A. In situ observation, O. armatus abactinal surface. B. Six rayed variant of O. armatus from Ninepin Islands, Hong Kong. C. In situ observation of L. laevigata. Photographer: A and C: Sam King Fung Yiu; B: Max Leung." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021605/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 37A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C6522263E5D7261C4BC5EFDB94433" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BC5EFEBF4221" blockId="49.[151,286,536,562]" box="[151,286,536,562]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BC5EFEBF4221" bold="true" box="[151,286,536,562]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BC27FE4342F4" blockId="49.[151,1437,608,815]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Images of this species were only taken of the abactinal surface. Diagnostic furrow spine characters were not observed. However, the R/r ratio as well as the size of the individuals were most consistent with descriptions outlined by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D72643ABCC2FEEA42D0" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726005BCEFFE3F42D1" box="[342,414,681,706]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726005BCEFFE3F42D1" box="[342,414,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">In situ</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
observations showed this species to be brown to light green with darker bands across the arms with dark papular areas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D726194BCB6FE52433C" blockId="49.[151,1437,608,815]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Both four and six-rayed variants of this species were observed.A 6-rayed specimen was observed at the Ninepins Islands,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D7261A6BD53FED9433C" box="[245,376,789,815]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C263E5D7260D4BD52FE4D433C" box="[391,492,788,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[333,1255,309,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-41@48.[333,1255,309,1538]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 37. Linckia and Ophidiaster armatus A. In situ observation, O. armatus abactinal surface. B. Six rayed variant of O. armatus from Ninepin Islands, Hong Kong. C. In situ observation of L. laevigata. Photographer: A and C: Sam King Fung Yiu; B: Max Leung." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021605/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BD33FE6B439C" blockId="49.[151,458,885,911]" box="[151,458,885,911]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BD33FE6B439C" bold="true" box="[151,458,885,911]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261CDBDF8FE3B43CB" blockId="49.[151,1437,958,1057]" box="[158,410,958,984]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D7261CDBDF8FE8543CB" box="[158,292,958,984]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C263E5D726063BDF8FE3743CB" box="[304,406,958,984]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
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||||
<elevation id="003BD19A263E5D726063BDF8FE3743CB" box="[304,406,958,984]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D726194BDA4FDB94433" blockId="49.[151,1437,958,1057]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Outside
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726075BDA4FE0C43EF" box="[294,429,994,1020]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, central Pacific, Southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726385BDA4FCBD43EF" box="[726,796,994,1020]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D72627BBDA4FCDC43EF" box="[808,893,994,1020]" name="Taiwan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Andaman Islands, Queensland and Are Islands.
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C263E5D7261C4BA40FF4D4433" box="[151,236,1030,1057]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="5.0">5–40 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7261A9BA40FDAD4433" author="Marsh, L. & Fromont, J." box="[250,524,1030,1056]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref41108" refString="Marsh, L. & Fromont, J. (2020) Field Guide to Shallow Water Sea Stars of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Australia, 543 pp." type="book" year="2020">Marsh & Fromont 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
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|
||||
</document>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,198 +0,0 @@
|
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|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="441C80720E664AF6877C2A012D339FC7">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="6BA6303E4520B7FFB955C9E50DC1AE80" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
</mods:name>
|
||||
<mods:name id="DA39BCC35975468683578759CB5A1A83" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="50F4D65E39A6440524C9DC34B3F5F0A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||||
</mods:role>
|
||||
<mods:namePart id="CCFBFFDC2EAB549A116925C3062FBEA2">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="8FFDE5852921EC8185E296586ABF41E7" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6212-7339</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
<mods:affiliation id="3694FAA88BB6658686321DC779A90248">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 & Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 & School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
|
||||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3F70BC556543F3FB75DA4B645D14D88D" type="email">cyclesamyiu@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||||
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|
||||
<mods:typeOfResource id="AABF99A8B1AD994F28A8736A737086C1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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|
||||
<mods:title id="27392660C3A0BFAE7712D7D960A4CF69">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||||
<mods:part id="B28106A5424AA88E408C41329CE55DCA">
|
||||
<mods:date id="B68FD97AAD6CE20854096E41E4131DB9">2024</mods:date>
|
||||
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||||
<mods:number id="29FC563945114D33071EAFAF08C072DB">2024-10-22</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="C54B55AFDED203A5B3772D759D9DCB5B" type="volume">
|
||||
<mods:number id="EB69532004EC25F7A6549DEA7159B472">5526</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:detail id="1F9FBF663407E42CFED02143C9BBD6B1" type="issue">
|
||||
<mods:number id="1E330F4B88B9ECB6345600F696066A4A">1</mods:number>
|
||||
</mods:detail>
|
||||
<mods:extent id="71B08DBC81E27BD1C5607AF59E0F37F8" unit="page">
|
||||
<mods:start id="E2EF804F5783FA25B2BA9AC8CE4CC7C4">1</mods:start>
|
||||
<mods:end id="E636B3AFDA6C10EF8442CC2340EA7717">69</mods:end>
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||||
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|
||||
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||||
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|
||||
<mods:location id="66F1F3B74260D2448732E4D4E90F2BCC">
|
||||
<mods:url id="3AD7E922A97D145111787E3872D39E37">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1</mods:url>
|
||||
</mods:location>
|
||||
<mods:classification id="147B5531350D6695D8B89889FFA2C04B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="0498A9B715191871D6E8ACB9E3FF9C5A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5526.1.1</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="78A88A53954FA0A3C9AC83A970EB221F" type="ISSN">1175-5334</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="2C80D9D17324557814DA63F02061BCF9" type="Zenodo-Dep">14021526</mods:identifier>
|
||||
<mods:identifier id="B40B950A8E36CDC5B3E2698731A23A9E" type="ZooBank">987FAD00-32A7-4E38-AFAD-6EAC8D808FB2</mods:identifier>
|
||||
</mods:mods>
|
||||
<treatment id="03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BFEAFE9546F6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BFEAFE9546F6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87BF263E5D7261C4BFEAFE9546F6" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C6522263E5D7261C4BFEAFD9F41D5" box="[151,574,428,455]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BFEAFD9F41D5" blockId="49.[151,574,428,491]" box="[151,574,428,455]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<heading id="D0E181C5263E5D7261C4BFEAFD9F41D5" bold="true" box="[151,574,428,455]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="4">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7261C4BFEAFD9F41D5" ID-CoL="49VQ2" authority="Koehler 1910" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,574,428,455]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ophidiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BFEAFD9F41D5" bold="true" box="[151,574,428,455]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BFEAFE2E41D4" bold="true" box="[151,399,428,455]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ophidiaster armatus</emphasis>
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7260C4BFEBFD9F41D5" author="Koehler, R." box="[407,574,428,455]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="265 - 295" refId="ref40302" refString="Koehler, R. (1910) Asteries et Ophiures des iles Aru et Kei. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 33, 265 - 295. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12579" type="journal article" year="1910">Koehler 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</heading>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C6522263E5D7261C4BF97FEF541F8" box="[151,340,465,491]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BF97FEF541F8" blockId="49.[151,574,428,491]" box="[151,340,465,491]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C263E5D7261C4BF97FEF541F8" box="[151,340,465,491]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[333,1255,309,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-41@48.[333,1255,309,1538]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 37. Linckia and Ophidiaster armatus A. In situ observation, O. armatus abactinal surface. B. Six rayed variant of O. armatus from Ninepin Islands, Hong Kong. C. In situ observation of L. laevigata. Photographer: A and C: Sam King Fung Yiu; B: Max Leung." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021605/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 37A–B</figureCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
<subSubSection id="C30C6522263E5D7261C4BC5EFE9546F6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BC5EFEBF4221" blockId="49.[151,286,536,562]" box="[151,286,536,562]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BC5EFEBF4221" bold="true" box="[151,286,536,562]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Comments</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BC27FE4342F4" blockId="49.[151,1437,608,815]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Images of this species were only taken of the abactinal surface. Diagnostic furrow spine characters were not observed. However, the R/r ratio as well as the size of the individuals were most consistent with descriptions outlined by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D72643ABCC2FEEA42D0" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726005BCEFFE3F42D1" box="[342,414,681,706]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726005BCEFFE3F42D1" box="[342,414,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">In situ</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
observations showed this species to be brown to light green with darker bands across the arms with dark papular areas.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D726194BCB6FE52433C" blockId="49.[151,1437,608,815]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Both four and six-rayed variants of this species were observed.A 6-rayed specimen was observed at the Ninepins Islands,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D7261A6BD53FED9433C" box="[245,376,789,815]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C263E5D7260D4BD52FE4D433C" box="[391,492,788,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 37" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[333,1255,309,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-41@48.[333,1255,309,1538]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 37. Linckia and Ophidiaster armatus A. In situ observation, O. armatus abactinal surface. B. Six rayed variant of O. armatus from Ninepin Islands, Hong Kong. C. In situ observation of L. laevigata. Photographer: A and C: Sam King Fung Yiu; B: Max Leung." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021605/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 37B</figureCitation>
|
||||
)
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BD33FE6B439C" blockId="49.[151,458,885,911]" box="[151,458,885,911]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BD33FE6B439C" bold="true" box="[151,458,885,911]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261CDBDF8FE3B43CB" blockId="49.[151,1437,958,1057]" box="[158,410,958,984]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<materialsCitation id="3B7E3CF4263E5D7261CDBDF8FE3B43CB" box="[158,410,958,984]" country="Hong Kong" elevation="15" location="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1">
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D7261CDBDF8FE8543CB" box="[158,292,958,984]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C263E5D726063BDF8FE3743CB" box="[304,406,958,984]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">
|
||||
<elevation id="003BD19A263E5D726063BDF8FE3743CB" box="[304,406,958,984]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 m</elevation>
|
||||
</quantity>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</materialsCitation>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D726194BDA4FDB94433" blockId="49.[151,1437,958,1057]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Outside
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726075BDA4FE0C43EF" box="[294,429,994,1020]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, central Pacific, Southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726385BDA4FCBD43EF" box="[726,796,994,1020]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D72627BBDA4FCDC43EF" box="[808,893,994,1020]" name="Taiwan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||||
, Andaman Islands, Queensland and Are Islands.
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C263E5D7261C4BA40FF4D4433" box="[151,236,1030,1057]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="22.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="5.0">5–40 m</quantity>
|
||||
(
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7261A9BA40FDAD4433" author="Marsh, L. & Fromont, J." box="[250,524,1030,1056]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref41108" refString="Marsh, L. & Fromont, J. (2020) Field Guide to Shallow Water Sea Stars of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Australia, 543 pp." type="book" year="2020">Marsh & Fromont 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" blockId="49.[151,539,1127,1153]" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" authority="Fisher 1908" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261C4BA21FDBA4492" bold="true" box="[151,539,1127,1153]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">OREASTERIDAE Fisher 1908</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D7261C4BAE9FB124549" blockId="49.[151,1437,1199,1765]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Five species of
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726015BAF6FE6844D9" box="[326,457,1200,1226]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
oreasterids are reported herein as opposed to the four reported by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7265FCBAE9FA3844D9" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[1199,1433,1199,1226]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
. As discussed by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D726006BA95FD9F44FD" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[341,574,1235,1262]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
and elaborated upon below, there are many doubts regarding the occurrence of several
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72605FBAB1FE0D4501" box="[268,428,1271,1298]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72605FBAB1FED74502" box="[268,374,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Anthenea</emphasis>
|
||||
spp.
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
as indicated. We report novel occurrences of several oreasterids from
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D726592BABEFAE44501" box="[1217,1349,1272,1298]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||||
waters, such as
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261A7BB5DFCB24526" box="[244,787,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7261A7BB5DFE4C4526" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[244,493,1307,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">Culcita novaeguineae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7260A9BB5AFCB24526" baseAuthorityName="Perrier" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[506,787,1307,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alveolatus">Pentaceraster alveolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
, and
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726206BB5AFBF84526" box="[853,1113,1307,1333]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726206BB5AFBF44526" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1916" box="[853,1109,1307,1333]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sibogae">Pentaceraster sibogae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
which are otherwise widely reported from tropical Indo-Pacific settings and from southern
|
||||
<collectingCountry id="F3017639263E5D72620BBB79FC3A454A" box="[856,923,1343,1369]" name="China" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">China</collectingCountry>
|
||||
by
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D726296BB79FB0E4549" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[965,1199,1343,1370]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
<paragraph id="8BA936A9263E5D726194BB25FE9546F6" blockId="49.[151,1437,1199,1765]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
Oreasterids undergo a significant change in appearance as they become larger. At a size range of approximately R=5.0 mm to
|
||||
<quantity id="4CEE9B4C263E5D72606BBBC1FE6C45B1" box="[312,461,1415,1442]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30 to 50 mm</quantity>
|
||||
, (this varies with species), many oreasterids, such as
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72657CBBC1FB2045B2" authorityName="Agassiz" authorityYear="1836" box="[1071,1153,1415,1441]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72657CBBC1FB2045B2" box="[1071,1153,1415,1441]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Culcita</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
, possess a pentagonal to more weakly stellate, relatively planar and undecorated surface “goniasterid” like shape which changes to the more heavily armored and strongly arched form seen in large
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726241BB89FC0245FA" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1908" box="[786,931,1487,1513]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Oreasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||||
. These smaller goniasterid-like forms can be difficult to associate with the larger body forms based purely on external appearance since intermediate characters are difficult to discern and colors change, sometimes dramatically. For example, the Atlantic
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7265E8B85EFA3D4622" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1211,1436,1559,1586]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Oreaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7265E8B85EFA3D4622" box="[1211,1436,1559,1586]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Oreaster reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
changes from a dark mottled green and brown to bright red (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D72620EB87DFBE44645" author="Hendler, G. & Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." box="[861,1093,1595,1622]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refId="ref39474" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, and Allies: Echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||||
Hendler
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726290B87AFC594646" box="[963,1016,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 1995
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
).
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D726508B87DFAF54646" authorityName="Muller & Troschel" authorityYear="1842" box="[1115,1364,1595,1621]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Culcita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="novaeguineae">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D726508B87DFAF54646" box="[1115,1364,1595,1621]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Culcita novaeguineae</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
is the best documented of these, changing from a pentagonal goniasterid-like form to a significantly large, mound-shape (
|
||||
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B58263E5D7261CCB8C5FEC6468E" author="Kano, Y. T. & Komatsu, M. & Oguro, C." box="[159,359,1667,1694]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="323 - 236" refId="ref39951" refString="Kano, Y. T., Komatsu, M. & Oguro, C. (1991) Morphological changes of the cushion star, Culcita novaeguineae Muller et Troschel, during growth. In: Yanagisawa, T. Yasumasu, I., Oguro, C., Suzuki, N., Motokawa, T., Biology of Echinodermata. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 323 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1201 / 9781003077565 - 74" type="book chapter" year="1991">
|
||||
Kano
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D7261B4B8C2FEBA468E" box="[231,283,1667,1693]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">et al</emphasis>
|
||||
. 1991
|
||||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||||
). Multiple images on iNaturalist (e.g. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/117293137) are potentially small forms of either
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72635BB8E1FC8B46D2" box="[520,810,1703,1729]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72635BB8E1FDD446D2" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1840" box="[520,629,1703,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Anthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Anthenea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D7263D3B8E1FC8B46D2" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1938" box="[640,810,1703,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Gymnanthenea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Gymnanthenea</taxonomicName>
|
||||
</emphasis>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A263E5D72621CB8EEFC4D46D2" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1916" box="[847,1004,1704,1729]" class="Asteroidea" family="Oreasteridae" genus="Pentaceraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||||
<emphasis id="B962EABB263E5D72621CB8EEFC4D46D2" box="[847,1004,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Pentaceraster</emphasis>
|
||||
</taxonomicName>
|
||||
but further data is required to confirm identification.
|
||||
</paragraph>
|
||||
</subSubSection>
|
||||
</treatment>
|
||||
</document>
|
||||
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Reference in a new issue