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<mods:title id="7A3F891E72893B220DC56D378A8830E0">New Ecological Observations and Occurrence for Asteroidea and Echinoidea in Hong Kong</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F0161CDCF043964D0FD5C13132AB470F">Yiu, Sam King Fung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9912870B568DDCFB44D54656A8A2D80A">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="08498AD07DAF6024D4B21D889B310FCD">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="14E9119B4C4B44C4128DC00C1FFFD4E4">School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339 &amp; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D. C. brisinga @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0178 - 8237 &amp; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. cyclesamyiu @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6212 - 7339</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226215D6D61C4B9CCFD9547B7" box="[151,564,1930,1957]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4B9CCFD9547B7" blockId="46.[151,564,1930,1992]" box="[151,564,1930,1957]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="D0E181C526215D6D61C4B9CCFD9547B7" bold="true" box="[151,564,1930,1957]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26215D6D61C4B9CCFD9547B7" ID-CoL="6DW2R" authority="(Gray 1840)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[151,564,1930,1957]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luzonicus">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4B9CCFD9547B7" bold="true" box="[151,564,1930,1957]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26215D6D61C4B9CCFE3647B6" bold="true" box="[151,407,1930,1957]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Echinaster luzonicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826215D6D60F4B9CCFD8D47B7" author="Gray, J. E." box="[423,556,1930,1956]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="275 - 290" refId="ref39051" refString="Gray, J. E. (1840) XXXII. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus) Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443296" type="journal article" year="1840">Gray 1840</bibRefCitation>
)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226215D6D61C4B9E8FEBE47DB" box="[151,287,1966,1992]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA936A926215D6D61C4B9E8FEBE47DB" blockId="46.[151,564,1930,1992]" box="[151,287,1966,1992]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<figureCitation id="132D2A2C26215D6D61C4B9E8FEBE47DB" box="[151,287,1966,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="47.[151,250,1127,1151]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,181,1103]" captionTargetId="figure-17@47.[179,1408,181,1103]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 36. Echinaster luzonicus In situ observation of five rayed individual. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14021603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14021603/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 36</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA936A926205D6C61C4BA21FA8F446C" blockId="47.[151,1326,1127,1152]" box="[151,1326,1127,1152]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26205D6C61C4BA21FDA3446C" bold="true" box="[151,514,1127,1151]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
FIGURE 36.
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26205D6C6075BA21FDA3446C" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[294,514,1127,1151]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luzonicus">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26205D6C6075BA21FDA3446C" box="[294,514,1127,1151]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Echinaster luzonicus</emphasis>
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In
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26205D6C6377BA2EFD64446C" authority="observation" authorityName="Observation" box="[548,709,1127,1151]" class="Asteroidea" family="Asterinidae" genus="Indianastra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="47" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">situ observation</taxonomicName>
of five rayed individual. Photographer: Sam King Fung Yiu.
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<subSubSection id="C30C652226205D6C61C4BA80FE364702" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="discussion">
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26205D6C61C4BA80FEBF44F3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1222,1248]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Comments</emphasis>
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The observed individuals display the coloration, soft surface texture, and arm shape of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26205D6C652EBB49FAC8453A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1149,1385,1295,1321]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luzonicus">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26205D6C652EBB49FAC8453A" box="[1149,1385,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Echinaster luzonicus</emphasis>
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, but display only five rays, rather than the six, which are typically associated with this species.
<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826205D6C65FCBB75FA3D455D" author="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M." box="[1199,1436,1331,1358]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref40906" refString="Liao, Y. &amp; Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao &amp; Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
have indicated that individuals with five arms and other characters typical of
<taxonomicName id="4C164D2A26205D6C62BCBB1EFBD94562" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1840" box="[1007,1144,1367,1393]" class="Asteroidea" family="Echinasteridae" genus="Echinaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spinulosida" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="luzonicus">
<emphasis id="B962EABB26205D6C62BCBB1EFBD94562" box="[1007,1144,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">E. luzonicus</emphasis>
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have been described from Chinese waters.
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<bibRefCitation id="EF874B5826205D6C6194BBD9FE4C45AA" author="Marsh, L. &amp; Fromont, J." box="[199,493,1439,1465]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" refId="ref41108" refString="Marsh, L. &amp; Fromont, J. (2020) Field Guide to Shallow Water Sea Stars of Australia. Western Australian Museum, Australia, 543 pp." type="book" year="2020">Marsh &amp; Fromont (2020)</bibRefCitation>
provided a brief summary of this species, which feeds on biofilm and encrusting sponges and occurs throughout the Indo-Pacific from southern
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and
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, south to Palmyra and
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and east to
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and
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.
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<emphasis id="B962EABB26205D6C61C4B80EFE6B4671" bold="true" box="[151,458,1608,1634]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Occurrence/Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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,
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.
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.
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
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, east to
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,
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, northern and
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,
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,
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and
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,
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.
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