742 lines
94 KiB
XML
742 lines
94 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EEF560EF09666965490580E4C18DACA2">Revalidation of Vareuptychia Forster, 1964, description of Vanima gen. nov., and notes on Euptychia cleophes Godman & Salvin, 1889 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae Satyrinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E7ED804D55EAC02C1489D14EE29DF61">Zacca, Thamara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="59DD1370F83536DE3A50DBA7A20AE4F7">Department of Zoology, Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidoptera Neotropical, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6076 - 8463</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5B12967E80B116B65288CC70F1F21C25">Huertas, Blanca</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CFEBF4A21C73CAE98D49641A1ADA9E98">Espeland, Marianne</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB05A92C6D77FD91F728D71640FCDB50">Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6800 - 4783</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="5647BFAEEFA414A12F7F6FF9EBE4917E">Departamento de Biologia Animal and Museu da Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Borboletas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5763 - 4990</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0187CD5C7BB2E58FD4A838D30B8A57CF">Willmott, Keith R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5002383573CBC1B499016F93210EF8FA">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Departament of Entomology, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3664 - 6730</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C524D802C13842722C705254C7984E99">Nakahara, Shinichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A9934BCF9753906A780D6A7F485B5947">McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Departament of Entomology, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3664 - 6730</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="284676636B477EA612EF8CF211EDC9E6">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="22E4A12F2AF2881D42FA6BA0289F00B7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="D33D878EFFBE7469FF33FF485091FD21" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506601" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177207929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4506601" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D33D878EFFBE7469FF33FF485091FD21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D33D878EFFBE7469FF33FF485091FD21" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FF485737FF60" ID-CoL="94BW9" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,575,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FF485486FF63" bold="true" box="[151,398,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vareuptychia themis</emphasis>
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(Butler, 1867)
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(
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<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFBE746FFF3BFF64541AFF07" box="[159,274,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1–8" captionStart-1="FIGURES 9–11" captionStart-2="FIGURES 12–13" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,960,984]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,264,1885,1909]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,264,1271,1295]" captionTargetBox-0="[173,1395,467,924]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1421,1106,1835]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1423,191,1238]" captionTargetId-0="figure-143@6.[154,1433,453,936]" captionTargetId-1="figure-197@6.[151,1435,1080,1861]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@7.[151,1436,181,1248]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 1–8. Species of Vareuptychia stat. rest., dorsal and ventral: 1–4. Vareuptychia similis comb. rest.: 1–2. male (Guerrero, Mexico), 3–4. female (San Jerónimo, Guatemala); 5–8. Vareuptychia themis comb. nov.: 5–6. male (San Mateo, Costa Rica), 7–8. female (Ilopango, El Salvador). Scale bar = 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURES 9–11. Lectotypes and original illustration of species of Vareuptychia stat. rest.: 9. Lectotype of Euptychia similis Butler, 1867 and labels; 10. Lectotype of Euptychia themis Butler, 1870 and labels; 11. Original illustration of Euptychia themis." captionText-2="FIGURES 12–13. Wing venation of Vareuptychia themis comb. nov.: 12. male; 13. female. Black arrows indicate generic diagnostic features. Scale bar = 2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411413" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411415" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411417" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4411413/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4411415/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4411417/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 5–13</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFBE746FFEBAFF64546EFF04" box="[286,358,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–23" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1038]" captionTargetId="figure-142@9.[151,1435,489,1038]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 14–23. Male genitalia of species of Vareuptychia stat. rest.: 14–18. Vareuptychia similis comb. rest. (BMNH#1420973): 14. lateral, 15. dorsal; 16. ventral; 17. aedeagus, dorsal; 18. aedeagus, lateral; 19–23. Vareuptychia themis comb. nov. (BMNH#1420750): 19. lateral; 20. dorsal; 21. ventral; 22. aedeagus, dorsal; 23. aedeagus, lateral. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411419/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19–23</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFBE746FFED6FF6454B2FF04" box="[370,442,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,1229,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-198@9.[151,1436,1218,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Female genitalia of species of Vareuptychia stat. rest.: 24–25. Vareuptychia similis comb. rest. (DZUP 27.891): 24. lateral, 25. ventral; 26–27. Vareuptychia themis comb. nov. (DZUP 27.897): 26. lateral; 27. ventral. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411421/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">26–27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFBE746FFE62FF6454EBFF04" box="[454,483,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,964,1964]" captionTargetId="figure-382@11.[151,1436,957,1972]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 29. Map showing the distribution of Vareuptychia themis comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411426/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">29</figureCitation>
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)
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<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFF33FF255701FEC3" author="Butler, A. G." box="[151,521,250,274]" page="463" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1867">
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<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FF255701FEC3" authority="Butler, 1867 a: 463" authorityName="Butler" authorityPageNumber="463" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,521,250,274]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
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<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FF25544EFEC3" box="[151,326,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euptychia themis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFEE9FF255701FEC3" author="Butler, A. G." box="[333,521,250,274]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="458 - 504" refId="ref17716" refString="Butler, A. G. (1867 a) A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866 (3), 458 - 504." type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867a: 463</bibRefCitation>
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[
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<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFDBCFF24577EFEC3" box="[536,630,250,274]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">nom. nud</emphasis>
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].
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFBE746FFF33FEC656B8FEBF" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFF33FEC65700FEE0" author="Butler, A. G." box="[151,520,281,305]" page="104" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1867">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FEC65700FEE0" authority="Butler, 1867 b: 104" authorityName="Butler" authorityPageNumber="104" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,520,281,305]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FEC6544DFEE0" box="[151,325,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFEEEFEC65700FEE0" author="Butler, A. G." box="[330,520,281,305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="104 - 110" refId="ref17778" refString="Butler, A. G. (1867 b) Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (1), 104 - 110." type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867b: 104</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 12, fig. 13;
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFBE746FFD06FEC657F7FEE0" box="[674,767,281,305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
: no locality.
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFBE746FFCD8FEC656E9FEE0" box="[892,993,281,305]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male here designated: no locality; NHMUK (examined).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFEFEFEE754F5FE9E" author="Butler, A. G." box="[346,509,311,336]" page="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1868">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFEFEFEE754F5FE9E" author="Butler, A. G." box="[346,509,311,336]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref17818" refString="Butler, A. G. (1868) Catalogue of diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyridae in the collection of the British Museum. Taylor and Francis, London, 146 pp." type="book" year="1868">Butler, 1868: 16</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFDBFFEE857B5FE81" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[539,701,311,336]" page="48" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1871">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFDBFFEE857B5FE81" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[539,701,311,336]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref20282" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1871) A Synonymic Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera. John Van Voorst, London, 690 pp." type="book" year="1871">Kirby, 1871: 48</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFD7FFEE75683FE81" author="Butler, A. G." box="[731,907,312,336]" page="118" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1877">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFD7FFEE75683FE81" author="Butler, A. G." box="[731,907,312,336]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="116 - 128" refId="ref17928" refString="Butler, A. G. (1877) On new species of the genus Euptychia, with a tabular view of those hitherto recorded. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 13 (67), 116 - 128." type="journal article" year="1877">Butler, 1877: 118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFC0EFEE7515FFE81" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[938,1111,312,336]" page="132" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1879">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFC0EFEE7515FFE81" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[938,1111,312,336]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref20307" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1879) Catalogue of the collection of diurnal Lepidoptera formed by the late William Chapman Hewitson of Oatlands, Walton-on-Thames; and bequeathed by him to the British Museum. John Van Voorst, London, iv + 246 pp." type="book" year="1879">Kirby, 1879: 132</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—Godman, 1901: 653.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFAC4FEE85428FEBF" author="Kaye, W. J." page="57" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1921">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFAC4FEE85428FEBF" author="Kaye, W. J." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="13 - 163" refId="ref20248" refString="Kaye, W. J. (1921) A catalogue of the Trinidad Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Memoirs of the Department of Agriculture of Trinidad and Tobago, 2, 13 - 163." type="journal article" year="1921">Kaye, 1921: 57</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFE9BFE89570CFEBF" author="Barcant, M." box="[319,516,342,366]" page="159" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1970">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFE9BFE89570CFEBF" author="Barcant, M." box="[319,516,342,366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref17249" refString="Barcant, M. (1970) Butterflies of Trinidad and Tobago. Collins, London, 314 pp." type="book" year="1970">Barcant, 1970: 159</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 161, pl. 13, fig. 11.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFD42FE8956A4FEBF" author="Santin, A." box="[742,940,342,366]" page="1056" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFD42FE8956A4FEBF" author="Santin, A." box="[742,940,342,366]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref23125" refString="Santin, A. (2004) Repertoire des plantes-hotes et de substitution des chenilles de Lepidopteres du monde. Vol. 1. Office pour la Information Eco-entomologique, Guyancourt, 1200 pp." type="book" year="2004">Santin, 2004: 1056</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FEAA5679FE5C" blockId="10.[151,1437,250,734]" box="[151,881,373,397]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFBE746FFF33FEAA5679FE5C" box="[151,881,373,397]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FEAA544EFE5C" authorityName="in Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,326,373,397]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FEAA544EFE5C" box="[151,326,373,397]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euptychia similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFEF0FEAA571BFE5C" author="Butler, A. G." box="[340,531,373,397]" page="109" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1867">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFEF0FEAA571BFE5C" author="Butler, A. G." box="[340,531,373,397]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="104 - 110" refId="ref17778" refString="Butler, A. G. (1867 b) Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (1), 104 - 110." type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867b: 109</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 12, fig. 10 [misidentification].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FE4B506FFE7D" blockId="10.[151,1437,250,734]" box="[151,1383,403,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFBE746FFF33FE4B506FFE7D" box="[151,1383,403,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFF33FE4B570DFE7A" author="Butler, A. G." box="[151,517,403,428]" page="252" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1870">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FE4B570DFE7A" authority="Butler, 1870: 252" authorityName="Butler" authorityPageNumber="252" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,517,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undina">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FE4B5442FE7D" box="[151,330,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euptychia undina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFEF5FE4B570DFE7A" author="Butler, A. G." box="[337,517,403,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="250 - 252" refId="ref17852" refString="Butler, A. G. (1870) On new or recently described species of diurnal Lepidoptera. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 6 (71), 250 - 252." type="journal article" year="1870">Butler, 1870: 252</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFBE746FFDABFE4B5764FE7D" box="[527,620,404,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBE746FFDD1FE4B57E8FE7D" box="[629,736,404,428]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
; NHMUK (examined).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFC47FE4B5198FE7A" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[995,1168,403,428]" page="643" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1871">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFC47FE4B5198FE7A" author="Kirby, W. F." box="[995,1168,403,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref20282" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1871) A Synonymic Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera. John Van Voorst, London, 690 pp." type="book" year="1871">Kirby, 1871: 643</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFB0AFE4C506BFE7D" author="Butler, A. G." box="[1198,1379,403,428]" page="118" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1877">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFB0AFE4C506BFE7D" author="Butler, A. G." box="[1198,1379,403,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="116 - 128" refId="ref17928" refString="Butler, A. G. (1877) On new species of the genus Euptychia, with a tabular view of those hitherto recorded. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 13 (67), 116 - 128." type="journal article" year="1877">Butler, 1877: 118</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FE6D56BBFE1B" blockId="10.[151,1437,250,734]" box="[151,947,434,458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFBE746FFF33FE6D56BBFE1B" box="[151,947,434,458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFF33FE6D5786FE1B" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[151,654,434,458]" page="352" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1889">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FE6D5786FE1B" ID-CoL="3CYYG" authority="Godman & Salvin, 1889: 352" authorityName="Godman & Salvin" authorityPageNumber="352" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,654,434,458]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cleophes">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FE6D5455FE1B" box="[151,349,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Euptychia cleophes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFEC7FE6D5786FE1B" author="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O." box="[355,654,434,458]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="351 - 358" refId="ref19608" refString="Godman, F. D. & Salvin, O. (1889) Descriptions of new species of Rhopalocera from Mexico and Central America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3 (16), 351 - 358." type="journal article" year="1889">Godman & Salvin, 1889: 352</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFD39FE6C57E9FE1B" box="[669,737,435,458]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">partim</emphasis>
|
||
) [misidentification].
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FE0E5105FD94" blockId="10.[151,1437,250,734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFBE746FFF33FE0E5105FD94" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FE0E5417FE38" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,287,465,489]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FE0E5417FE38" box="[151,287,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cissia themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFE89FE0E54CAFE38" author="DeVries, P. J." box="[301,450,465,489]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref18393" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1987) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History. Vol. 1. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 288 pp." type="book" year="1987">DeVries, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 48, figs. 20–21.—Singer & Ehrlich, 1993: 248.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFC41FE0E5193FE38" author="Lamas, G." box="[997,1179,465,489]" page="218" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFC41FE0E5193FE38" author="Lamas, G." box="[997,1179,465,489]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref20492" refString="Lamas, G. (2004) Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Tribe Satyrini. Subtribe Euptychiina. In: Lamas, G. (Ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea. In: Heppner, J. B. (Ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol. 5 A. Association for Tropical Lepidoptera, Gainesville, pp. 217 - 223." type="book chapter" year="2004">Lamas, 2004: 218</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFB1CFE0E542AFDD6" author="Nakahara, S. & Marin, M. A. & Mitsuhashi, W." page="359" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFB1CFE0E542AFDD6" author="Nakahara, S. & Marin, M. A. & Mitsuhashi, W." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="359 - 362" refId="ref21702" refString="Nakahara, S., Marin, M. A. & Mitsuhashi, W. (2012) First records for Cissia themis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Colombia and Venezuela. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 38 (2), 359 - 362." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Nakahara
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFA87FE0D505EFE38" box="[1315,1366,465,489]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012: 359–362
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs. 1, 2A–2B, 3–4 (male, female, genitalia, distributional map).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFC6FFE2F500EFDD9" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Warren, A. D." box="[971,1286,496,520]" page="349" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFC6FFE2F500EFDD9" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Warren, A. D." box="[971,1286,496,520]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="335 - 355" refId="ref20895" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Warren, A. D. & Vargas-Fernandez,. I. (2004) Los lepidopteros: papilionoideos y hesperioideos. In: Garcia-Mendoza, A. J., Ordonez, M. J. & Briones-Salas, M. A. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biologia, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueno para la Conservacion de la Naturaleza-WWF, Mexico, D. F, pp. 335 - 355." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFBC0FE2F519EFDD9" box="[1124,1174,496,520]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004: 349
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—Hernández-Mejía
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFEA3FDD05431FDF7" box="[263,313,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008: 125.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFE67FDD157F8FDF7" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[451,752,526,550]" page="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFE67FDD157F8FDF7" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[451,752,526,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref20810" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F. (2011) Apendice VIII. 25 Listado de especies de Papilionoidea y Hesperioidea del Estado de Veracruz. In: La Biodiversidad en Veracruz: Estudio de Estado. Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de La Biodiversidad, Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. Mexico, pp. 1 - 29." type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFDFAFDD05798FDF7" box="[606,656,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011: 23
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFCABFDD156E1FDF7" author="Miller, J. Y. & Matthews, D. L. & Warren, A. D. & Solis, M. A. & Harvey, D. J. & Gentili-Poole, P. & Lehman, R. & Emmel, T. C. & Covell, C. V." box="[783,1001,526,550]" page="58" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFCABFDD156E1FDF7" author="Miller, J. Y. & Matthews, D. L. & Warren, A. D. & Solis, M. A. & Harvey, D. J. & Gentili-Poole, P. & Lehman, R. & Emmel, T. C. & Covell, C. V." box="[783,1001,526,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref21436" refString="Miller, J. Y., Matthews, D. L., Warren, A. D., Solis, M. A., Harvey, D. J., Gentili-Poole, P., Lehman, R., Emmel, T. C. & Covell, C. V. (2012) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Honduras. Insecta Mundi, 0205, 1 - 72." type="book chapter" year="2012">
|
||
Miller
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFCF1FDD0568FFDF7" box="[853,903,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012: 58
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFBA2FDD1504AFDF7" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Hernandez-Mejia, B. & Trujano-Ortega, M. & Warren, A. & Salinas-Gutierrez, J. L. & Avalos-Hernandez, O. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J." box="[1030,1346,526,550]" page="216" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFBA2FDD1504AFDF7" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Hernandez-Mejia, B. & Trujano-Ortega, M. & Warren, A. & Salinas-Gutierrez, J. L. & Avalos-Hernandez, O. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J." box="[1030,1346,526,550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="171 - 224" refId="ref20674" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Hernandez-Mejia, B., Trujano-Ortega, M., Warren, A., Salinas-Gutierrez, J. L., Avalos-Hernandez, O., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. (2016) Avances faunisticos en los Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) sensu lato de Oaxaca, Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist, 41 (1), 171 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.3958 / 059.041.0119" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFB04FDD051D9FDF7" box="[1184,1233,526,550]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016: 216
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFAC4FDD15414FD94" author="Cock, M. J. W." page="11" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFAC4FDD15414FD94" author="Cock, M. J. W." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref18119" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (2014) An updated and annotated checklist of the larger butterflies (Papilionoidea) of Trinidad, West Indies: Papilionidae, Pieridae and Nymphalidae. Insecta Mundi, 0353, 1 - 14." type="book chapter" year="2014">Cock, 2014: 11</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFE9FFDF25723FD94" author="Marin, M. A. & Pena, C. & Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L." box="[315,555,557,581]" page="774" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2017">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFE9FFDF25723FD94" author="Marin, M. A. & Pena, C. & Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L." box="[315,555,557,581]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="768 - 785" refId="ref21162" refString="Marin, M. A., Pena, C., Uribe, S. I. & Freitas, A. V. L. (2017) Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Systematic Entomology, 42 (4), 768 - 785. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12245" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Marín
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFE20FDF154BFFD94" box="[388,439,557,581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017: 774
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 4C.—Henao-Bañol & Gantiva, 2020: 187.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FD9357E8FDB2" blockId="10.[151,1437,250,734]" box="[151,736,587,612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFBE746FFF33FD9357E8FDB2" box="[151,736,587,612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FD93546CFDB5" ID-CoL="94BW9" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[151,356,588,612]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FD93546CFDB5" box="[151,356,588,612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vareuptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFED6FD9357D3FDB2" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[370,731,587,612]" page="45" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFED6FD9357D3FDB2" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[370,731,587,612]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref20624" refString="Llorente-Bousquets, J., Luis-Martinez, A., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D. (1996) Lista de las mariposas del Estado de Jalisco, Mexico. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 46, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Llorente-Bousquets
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFDE4FD93577BFDB5" box="[576,627,588,612]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996: 45
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FDB557ECFD53" blockId="10.[151,1437,250,734]" box="[151,740,618,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFBE746FFF33FDB557ECFD53" box="[151,740,618,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FDB55460FD53" ID-CoL="957PG" box="[151,360,618,642]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undina">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FDB55460FD53" box="[151,360,618,642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vareuptychia undina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFED2FDB557D7FD53" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[374,735,618,642]" page="45" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFED2FDB557D7FD53" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[374,735,618,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref20624" refString="Llorente-Bousquets, J., Luis-Martinez, A., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D. (1996) Lista de las mariposas del Estado de Jalisco, Mexico. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 46, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Llorente-Bousquets
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFDE0FDB4577FFD53" box="[580,631,618,642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996: 45
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FD565017FD70" blockId="10.[151,1437,250,734]" box="[151,1311,649,673]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFBE746FFF33FD565017FD70" box="[151,1311,649,673]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FD56542BFD70" box="[151,291,649,673]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cissia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undina">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FD56542BFD70" box="[151,291,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Cissia undina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFE95FD565764FD70" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Warren, A. D." box="[305,620,649,673]" page="349" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFE95FD565764FD70" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Warren, A. D." box="[305,620,649,673]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="335 - 355" refId="ref20895" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Warren, A. D. & Vargas-Fernandez,. I. (2004) Los lepidopteros: papilionoideos y hesperioideos. In: Garcia-Mendoza, A. J., Ordonez, M. J. & Briones-Salas, M. A. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biologia, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueno para la Conservacion de la Naturaleza-WWF, Mexico, D. F, pp. 335 - 355." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFE6CFD5554F3FD70" box="[456,507,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004: 349
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFD2EFD5656B3FD70" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[650,955,649,673]" page="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2011">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFD2EFD5656B3FD70" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[650,955,649,673]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref20810" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F. (2011) Apendice VIII. 25 Listado de especies de Papilionoidea y Hesperioidea del Estado de Veracruz. In: La Biodiversidad en Veracruz: Estudio de Estado. Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de La Biodiversidad, Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. Mexico, pp. 1 - 29." type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFC80FD55565FFD70" box="[804,855,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011: 23
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFC7CFD565013FD70" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Hernandez-Mejia, B. & Trujano-Ortega, M. & Warren, A. & Salinas-Gutierrez, J. L. & Avalos-Hernandez, O. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J." box="[984,1307,649,673]" page="216" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2016">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFC7CFD565013FD70" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Hernandez-Mejia, B. & Trujano-Ortega, M. & Warren, A. & Salinas-Gutierrez, J. L. & Avalos-Hernandez, O. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J." box="[984,1307,649,673]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="171 - 224" refId="ref20674" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Hernandez-Mejia, B., Trujano-Ortega, M., Warren, A., Salinas-Gutierrez, J. L., Avalos-Hernandez, O., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. (2016) Avances faunisticos en los Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) sensu lato de Oaxaca, Mexico. Southwestern Entomologist, 41 (1), 171 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.3958 / 059.041.0119" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFBD7FD5551AEFD70" box="[1139,1190,649,673]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016: 216
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FD77569AFD6E" blockId="10.[151,1437,250,734]" box="[151,914,679,704]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="7B8411B6FFBE746FFF33FD77569AFD6E" box="[151,914,679,704]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF33FD775471FD6E" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[151,377,680,704]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Yphthimoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maepius">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FD775471FD6E" box="[151,377,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Yphthimoides maepius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[misidentification];
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="DA351089FFBE746FFDEEFD775686FD6E" author="Montero-Abril, F. & Moreno-P., M. & Gutierrez-M., L. C." box="[586,910,679,704]" page="165" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFDEEFD775686FD6E" author="Montero-Abril, F. & Moreno-P., M. & Gutierrez-M., L. C." box="[586,910,679,704]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="157 - 173" refId="ref21515" refString="Montero-Abril, F., Moreno-P., M. & Gutierrez-M., L. C. (2009) Mariposas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea y Papilionoidea) asociadas a fragmentos de bosque seco tropical en el departamento del Atlantico, Colombia. Boletin Cientifico del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad de Caldas, 13 (2), 157 - 173." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Montero-Abril
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFD41FD775611FD11" box="[741,793,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009: 165
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FD1857F2FD0F" blockId="10.[151,1437,250,734]" box="[151,762,710,734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FD185425FD0F" box="[151,301,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
‘Cissia’
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFF4FFD195425FD0F" authorityName="in Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[235,301,710,734]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">similis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBE746FFE9EFD185727FD0F" author="Zacca, T. & Casagrande, M. M. & Mielke, O. H. H. & Huertas, B. & Barbosa, E. P. & Freitas, A. V. L. & Magaldi, L. M. & Espeland, M. & Nakahara, S. & Willmott, K. R." box="[314,559,710,734]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="349 - 376" refId="ref24211" refString="Zacca, T., Casagrande, M. M., Mielke, O. H. H., Huertas, B., Barbosa, E. P., Freitas, A. V. L., Magaldi, L. M., Espeland, M., Nakahara, S. & Willmott, K. R. (2018 b) Systematics of the butterfly genus Cissia Doubleday, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) using an integrative approach. Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny, 76 (2), 349 - 376." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Zacca
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFED9FD1854B9FD0F" box="[381,433,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2018b: 351
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[misidentification].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="138E6513FFBE746FFF33FCD85701FC04" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33FCD857A4FC94" blockId="10.[151,1437,775,982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33FCD8541AFCF0" bold="true" box="[151,274,775,801]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFEBCFCD854F2FCF0" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[280,506,775,801]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFEBCFCD854F2FCF0" box="[280,506,775,801]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vareuptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from its congener by the bipupilled ocellus in CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C71034DDFFBE746FFA85FCC55021FCF9" attach="left" box="[1313,1321,794,808]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">1</subScript>
|
||
-CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C71034DDFFBE746FFACCFCC55078FCF9" attach="left" box="[1384,1392,794,808]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">2</subScript>
|
||
and the shape of the lamella antevaginalis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFBE746FFDEFFCF457A8FC94" box="[587,672,811,837]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,1229,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-198@9.[151,1436,1218,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Female genitalia of species of Vareuptychia stat. rest.: 24–25. Vareuptychia similis comb. rest. (DZUP 27.891): 24. lateral, 25. ventral; 26–27. Vareuptychia themis comb. nov. (DZUP 27.897): 26. lateral; 27. ventral. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411421/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF63FC9056EFFCB8" blockId="10.[151,1437,775,982]" box="[199,999,847,873]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF63FC90547AFCB8" bold="true" box="[199,370,847,873]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFBE746FFE25FC905703FCB8" box="[385,523,847,873]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–23" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,489,1038]" captionTargetId="figure-142@9.[151,1435,489,1038]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 14–23. Male genitalia of species of Vareuptychia stat. rest.: 14–18. Vareuptychia similis comb. rest. (BMNH#1420973): 14. lateral, 15. dorsal; 16. ventral; 17. aedeagus, dorsal; 18. aedeagus, lateral; 19–23. Vareuptychia themis comb. nov. (BMNH#1420750): 19. lateral; 20. dorsal; 21. ventral; 22. aedeagus, dorsal; 23. aedeagus, lateral. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411419" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411419/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 19–23</figureCitation>
|
||
). See above under ‘Redescription’ section.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF63FCAC5701FC04" blockId="10.[151,1437,775,982]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF63FCAC5485FC5C" bold="true" box="[199,397,883,909]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFBE746FFE39FCAC5720FC5F" box="[413,552,883,910]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–27" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,1229,1881]" captionTargetId="figure-198@9.[151,1436,1218,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 24–27. Female genitalia of species of Vareuptychia stat. rest.: 24–25. Vareuptychia similis comb. rest. (DZUP 27.891): 24. lateral, 25. ventral; 26–27. Vareuptychia themis comb. nov. (DZUP 27.897): 26. lateral; 27. ventral. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411421/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 26–27</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the characters mentioned in the generic description, the lateral plate does not reach the 8
|
||
<superScript id="ACE19BD0FFBE746FFE13FC4854CCFC74" attach="left" box="[439,452,919,933]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">th</superScript>
|
||
tergite. Lamella antevaginalis is large, wrinkled and half-orbicular in ventral view. The paired signa are dorsally located.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="0FEB6610FFBE746FFF33F80856B4F821" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411424" box="[151,956,2007,2032]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411424/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,2007,2031]" targetBox="[169,1417,1013,1978]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBE746FFF33F80856B4F821" blockId="10.[151,956,2007,2032]" box="[151,956,2007,2032]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFF33F8085428F83E" bold="true" box="[151,288,2007,2031]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 28.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBE746FFDD7F8085648F83E" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" box="[627,832,2007,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBE746FFDD7F8085648F83E" box="[627,832,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Vareuptychia similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. rest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="138E6513FFBF746EFF63FF49571AFE00" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBF746EFF63FF49571AFE00" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFF63FF495437FF61" bold="true" box="[199,319,150,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The VW ground color varies significantly from pale to dark brown, as also observed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFA95FF485421FF04" author="Nakahara, S. & Marin, M. A. & Mitsuhashi, W." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="359 - 362" refId="ref21702" refString="Nakahara, S., Marin, M. A. & Mitsuhashi, W. (2012) First records for Cissia themis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Colombia and Venezuela. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 38 (2), 359 - 362." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Nakahara
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFF33FF6455C3FF04" box="[151,203,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and it is not associated with seasonal polyphenism or geographical distribution. Some individuals have orangey yellow patches on the umbra similar to those found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFC37FF0056F0FF28" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" box="[915,1016,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFC37FF0056F0FF28" box="[915,1016,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some individuals have an additional ocellus without a pupil in 2A and the inner margin of the VHW (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFBF746EFCD3FEDC56B5FECC" box="[887,957,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,960,984]" captionTargetBox="[173,1395,467,924]" captionTargetId="figure-143@6.[154,1433,453,936]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Species of Vareuptychia stat. rest., dorsal and ventral: 1–4. Vareuptychia similis comb. rest.: 1–2. male (Guerrero, Mexico), 3–4. female (San Jerónimo, Guatemala); 5–8. Vareuptychia themis comb. nov.: 5–6. male (San Mateo, Costa Rica), 7–8. female (Ilopango, El Salvador). Scale bar = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411413" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411413/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Examination of the male genitalia of ten individuals from different localities (i.e.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFDC1FEF857B5FE90" box="[613,701,295,321]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFD6EFEF85659FE90" box="[714,849,295,321]" name="El Salvador" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFC2AFEF8510BFE93" box="[910,1027,295,322]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
) showed some variation in the size, shape and width of the tegumen, uncus, valva and aedeagus, in contrast to the observations of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFB4FFE9455EDFE58" author="Nakahara, S. & Marin, M. A. & Mitsuhashi, W." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="359 - 362" refId="ref21702" refString="Nakahara, S., Marin, M. A. & Mitsuhashi, W. (2012) First records for Cissia themis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Colombia and Venezuela. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 38 (2), 359 - 362." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Nakahara
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFAC5FE945095FEB4" box="[1377,1437,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Conversely, female genitalia structures were found to be more conservative (mainly the shape of the lamella antevaginalis) but the presence/absence of the posterior apophysis and the size and width of the corpus bursae were variable among some individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="138E6513FFBF746EFF63FE04513CFC74" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBF746EFF63FE04513CFC74" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFF63FE0454F2FE25" bold="true" box="[199,506,474,501]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is distributed widely from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFC6EFE045128FE24" box="[970,1056,475,501]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFBECFE0451BEFE24" box="[1096,1206,475,501]" name="Colombia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFB55FE04506FFE24" box="[1265,1383,475,501]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFF10FE2054A8FDC8" box="[180,416,511,537]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFE0BFE205743FDC8" author="Barcant, M." box="[431,587,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref17249" refString="Barcant, M. (1970) Butterflies of Trinidad and Tobago. Collins, London, 314 pp." type="book" year="1970">Barcant 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFDFCFE2057DFFDC8" author="Cock, M. J. W." box="[600,727,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref18119" refString="Cock, M. J. W. (2014) An updated and annotated checklist of the larger butterflies (Papilionoidea) of Trinidad, West Indies: Papilionidae, Pieridae and Nymphalidae. Insecta Mundi, 0353, 1 - 14." type="book chapter" year="2014">Cock 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFD47FE205689FDC8" author="DeVries, P. J." box="[739,897,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18393" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1987) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History. Vol. 1. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 288 pp." type="book" year="1987">DeVries 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFC2AFE2051A6FDC8" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[910,1198,511,537]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref20624" refString="Llorente-Bousquets, J., Luis-Martinez, A., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D. (1996) Lista de las mariposas del Estado de Jalisco, Mexico. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 46, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1996">Llorente-Bousquets 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFB1FFE2055DBFDEC" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Warren, A. D." pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="335 - 355" refId="ref20895" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Warren, A. D. & Vargas-Fernandez,. I. (2004) Los lepidopteros: papilionoideos y hesperioideos. In: Garcia-Mendoza, A. J., Ordonez, M. J. & Briones-Salas, M. A. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biologia, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueno para la Conservacion de la Naturaleza-WWF, Mexico, D. F, pp. 335 - 355." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFAC7FE205095FDC8" box="[1379,1437,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFF7BFDFC572EFDEC" author="Hernandez-Mejia, C. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Luis-Martinez, A." box="[223,550,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="117 - 130" refId="ref19942" refString="Hernandez-Mejia, C., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Luis-Martinez, A. (2008) Las mariposas (Hesperioidea y Papilionoidea) de Malinalco, Estado de Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 79 (1), 117 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2008.001.538" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hernández-Mejía
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFE0EFDFC54ECFDEC" box="[426,484,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFD97FDFC565DFDEC" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[563,853,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref20810" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F. (2011) Apendice VIII. 25 Listado de especies de Papilionoidea y Hesperioidea del Estado de Veracruz. In: La Biodiversidad en Veracruz: Estudio de Estado. Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de La Biodiversidad, Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. Mexico, pp. 1 - 29." type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
Luis-Martinez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFD7FFDFC5605FDEC" box="[731,781,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFCC6FDFC515AFDEC" author="Nakahara, S. & Marin, M. A. & Mitsuhashi, W." box="[866,1106,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="359 - 362" refId="ref21702" refString="Nakahara, S., Marin, M. A. & Mitsuhashi, W. (2012) First records for Cissia themis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Colombia and Venezuela. Revista Colombiana de Entomologia, 38 (2), 359 - 362." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Nakahara
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFC71FDFC5106FDEC" box="[981,1038,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFBF9FDFC5069FDEC" author="Singer, M. C. & Ehrlich, P. R." box="[1117,1377,547,573]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="248 - 256" refId="ref23472" refString="Singer, M. C. & Ehrlich, P. R. (1991) Host specialization of satyrine butterflies, and their responses to habitat fragmentation in Trinidad. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 30 (3 / 4), 248 - 256." type="journal article" year="1991">Singer & Ehrlich 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; plus examined material), at altitudes up to
|
||
<quantity id="9C6C9B7DFFBF746EFDE4FD98579DFDB0" box="[576,661,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFBF746EFD00FD9857F1FDB0" box="[676,761,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 29" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1995,2019]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,964,1964]" captionTargetId="figure-382@11.[151,1436,957,1972]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 29. Map showing the distribution of Vareuptychia themis comb. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411426/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFCA8FD9856E7FDB0" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[780,1007,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFCA8FD9856E7FDB0" box="[780,1007,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Vareuptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFC53FD98517FFDB0" bold="true" box="[1015,1143,583,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72D357F1FFBF746EFC53FD98517FFDB0" box="[1015,1143,583,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is sympatric and syntopic with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFF76FDB45430FD54" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" box="[210,312,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFF76FDB45430FD54" box="[210,312,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in several localities in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFDE0FDB45794FD54" box="[580,668,619,645]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, such as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFBF746EFCA2FDB4565DFD54" box="[774,853,619,645]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Malinalco,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFBF746EFC47FDB45132FD54" box="[995,1082,619,645]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFBF746EFBE3FDB45191FD54" box="[1095,1177,619,645]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sonora</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFBF746EFB02FDB45001FD54" box="[1190,1289,619,645]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFBF746EFAE6FDB45094FD54" box="[1346,1436,619,645]" country="Mexico" name="Yucatan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Yucatán</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFF3BFD5054C8FD78" author="Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Luis-Martinez, A. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D." box="[159,448,655,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="35 - 48" refId="ref20624" refString="Llorente-Bousquets, J., Luis-Martinez, A., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Warren, A. D. (1996) Lista de las mariposas del Estado de Jalisco, Mexico. Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 46, 35 - 48." type="journal article" year="1996">Llorente-Bousquets 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFE69FD5057FBFD78" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Warren, A. D." box="[461,755,655,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="335 - 355" refId="ref20895" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Warren, A. D. & Vargas-Fernandez,. I. (2004) Los lepidopteros: papilionoideos y hesperioideos. In: Garcia-Mendoza, A. J., Ordonez, M. J. & Briones-Salas, M. A. (Eds.), Biodiversidad de Oaxaca. Instituto de Biologia, UNAM-Fondo Oaxaqueno para la Conservacion de la Naturaleza-WWF, Mexico, D. F, pp. 335 - 355." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Luis-Martinez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFDD2FD5057A0FD78" box="[630,680,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFD5BFD50514FFD78" author="Hernandez-Mejia, C. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Luis-Martinez, A." box="[767,1095,655,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="117 - 130" refId="ref19942" refString="Hernandez-Mejia, C., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Luis-Martinez, A. (2008) Las mariposas (Hesperioidea y Papilionoidea) de Malinalco, Estado de Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 79 (1), 117 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2008.001.538" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hernández-Mejía
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFC6FFD50510CFD78" box="[971,1028,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFBF0FD50507FFD78" author="Luis-Martinez, A. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F." box="[1108,1399,655,681]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 29" refId="ref20810" refString="Luis-Martinez, A., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Hernandez-Baz, F. (2011) Apendice VIII. 25 Listado de especies de Papilionoidea y Hesperioidea del Estado de Veracruz. In: La Biodiversidad en Veracruz: Estudio de Estado. Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de La Biodiversidad, Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana, Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. Mexico, pp. 1 - 29." type="book chapter" year="2011">
|
||
Luis-Martínez
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFB58FD50503DFD78" box="[1276,1333,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; E. Pfeiler
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFF4CFD6C5467FD1D" box="[232,367,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">pers. comm.</emphasis>
|
||
; plus examined material),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFD32FD6C5607FD1C" box="[662,783,691,717]" name="Guatemala" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFBF746EFCB8FD6C56BEFD1C" box="[796,950,691,717]" country="Guatemala" name="Baja Verapaz" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Baja Verapaz</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFC63FD6C513CFD1C" box="[967,1076,691,717]" name="Honduras" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
(San Pedro Sula) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFA8DFD6C5094FD1C" box="[1321,1436,691,717]" name="Venezuela" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="9950F87AFFBF746EFF3BFD0855F0FD20" box="[159,248,727,753]" country="Venezuela" name="Aragua" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aragua</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFEA8FD0854F9FD20" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[268,497,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFEA8FD0854F9FD20" box="[268,497,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Vareuptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFE5EFD085774FD20" bold="true" box="[506,636,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72D357F1FFBF746EFE5EFD085774FD20" box="[506,636,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is multivoltine, flying all year. It has been recorded in deciduous and semideciduous forests along forest edges, and occasionally in open areas. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFBF746EFC51FD24517AFCC4" box="[1013,1138,763,789]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this species is most abundant during the rainy season (Jun–Aug), and becomes less abundant as the dry season progresses (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFB4AFCC05098FCE8" author="DeVries, P. J." box="[1262,1424,799,825]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18393" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1987) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History. Vol. 1. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 288 pp." type="book" year="1987">DeVries 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFEA9FC9C547AFC8C" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" box="[269,370,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFEA9FC9C547AFC8C" box="[269,370,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFEDDFC9C54F4FC8C" bold="true" box="[377,508,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">comb. rest.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFDAEFC9C5766FC8C" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[522,622,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFDAEFC9C5766FC8C" box="[522,622,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">V. themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFDD1FC9C57FEFC8C" bold="true" box="[629,758,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72D357F1FFBF746EFDD1FC9C57FEFC8C" box="[629,758,835,861]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has been recorded feeding on decaying fruits, such as graviola (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFF63FCB85450FC50" box="[199,344,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), sapote (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFE1BFCB85748FC50" box="[447,576,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapotaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and mango (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFD72FCB85677FC53" box="[726,895,871,898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFC37FCB851D2FC50" author="Hernandez-Mejia, C. & Llorente-Bousquets, J. & Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Luis-Martinez, A." box="[915,1242,871,897]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="117 - 130" refId="ref19942" refString="Hernandez-Mejia, C., Llorente-Bousquets, J., Vargas-Fernandez, I. & Luis-Martinez, A. (2008) Las mariposas (Hesperioidea y Papilionoidea) de Malinalco, Estado de Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 79 (1), 117 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.22201 / ib. 20078706 e. 2008.001.538" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hernández-Mejía
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFBC4FCB8519FFC50" box="[1120,1175,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Recorded larval host plants include undetermined species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFD23FC5457EBFC74" box="[647,739,907,933]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFD55FC545699FC74" author="DeVries, P. J." box="[753,913,907,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref18393" refString="DeVries, P. J. (1987) The butterflies of Costa Rica and their Natural History. Vol. 1. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 288 pp." type="book" year="1987">DeVries 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFBF746EFC39FC545120FC74" author="Santin, A." box="[925,1064,907,933]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref23125" refString="Santin, A. (2004) Repertoire des plantes-hotes et de substitution des chenilles de Lepidopteres du monde. Vol. 1. Office pour la Information Eco-entomologique, Guyancourt, 1200 pp." type="book" year="2004">Santin 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="0FEB6610FFBF746EFF33F81456B2F832" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411426" box="[151,954,1995,2019]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411426/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" startId="11.[151,250,1995,2019]" targetBox="[158,1429,964,1964]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFBF746EFF33F81456B2F832" blockId="11.[151,954,1995,2019]" box="[151,954,1995,2019]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFF33F8145428F832" bold="true" box="[151,288,1995,2019]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 29.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFBF746EFDD7F8145648F832" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Butler" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[627,832,1995,2019]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFBF746EFDD7F8145648F832" box="[627,832,1995,2019]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Vareuptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="72D357F1FFBF746EFCE2F81456B2F832" box="[838,954,1995,2019]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="138E6513FFB87469FF63FF495091FD21" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFB87469FF63FF495144FDEC" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FF63FF49569AFF61" bold="true" box="[199,914,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Type material,
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFB87469FED9FF4954E0FF61" box="[381,488,150,176]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation and taxonomic history.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFB87469FC3DFF495135FF60" author="Butler, A. G." box="[921,1085,150,177]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="458 - 504" refId="ref17716" refString="Butler, A. G. (1867 a) A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866 (3), 458 - 504." type="journal article" year="1867">Butler (1867a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
first introduced the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FAC2FF485423FF05" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FAC2FF485423FF05" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Euptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FEC7FF645708FF05" box="[355,512,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
, since no description or illustration was provided by the author, which fails to conform to Article 13 of the International Code of Zoological Nomeclature (ICZN 1999). The name became available when
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFB87469FF78FEDD548CFECC" author="Butler, A. G." box="[220,388,258,285]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="104 - 110" refId="ref17778" refString="Butler, A. G. (1867 b) Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (1), 104 - 110." type="journal article" year="1867">Butler (1867b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
published an illustration of the species (pl. 12, fig. 13) in the supplementary material to his “Monograph of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FE18FEF95726FE91" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1818" box="[444,558,294,320]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FE18FEF95726FE91" box="[444,558,294,320]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Euptychia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, although the locality of the specimen illustrated was not provided. One male specimen that agrees with the illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FD29FE9457FEFEB5" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[653,758,330,356]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FD29FE9457FEFEB5" box="[653,758,330,356]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFB87469FCA2FE9556ACFEB5" author="Butler, A. G." box="[774,932,330,356]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="104 - 110" refId="ref17778" refString="Butler, A. G. (1867 b) Descriptions of some new species of Satyridae belonging to the genus Euptychia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867 (1), 104 - 110." type="journal article" year="1867">Butler, 1867b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 12, fig. 13) was found at
|
||
<collectionCode id="3D85AE5DFFB87469FB56FE945068FEB4" box="[1266,1376,331,357]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
. This specimen has no locality label, although ‘Mexico’ is handwritten (but has been erased) on one label (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFB87469FB56FEB1504BFE59" box="[1266,1347,366,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,1106,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-197@6.[151,1435,1080,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. Lectotypes and original illustration of species of Vareuptychia stat. rest.: 9. Lectotype of Euptychia similis Butler, 1867 and labels; 10. Lectotype of Euptychia themis Butler, 1870 and labels; 11. Original illustration of Euptychia themis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411415/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
), which also states that the specimen came from Hewitson’s collection, agreeing with the information provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFB87469FAF2FE4D55F9FE00" author="Butler, A. G." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="458 - 504" refId="ref17716" refString="Butler, A. G. (1867 a) A monograph of the genus Euptychia, a numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae; with descriptions of sixty species new to science, and notes to their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1866 (3), 458 - 504." type="journal article" year="1867">Butler (1867a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. To fix the identity of the name, this male specimen is herein designated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFB87469FB27FE6951E2FE01" box="[1155,1258,438,464]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FAB6FE685074FE01" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1298,1404,438,464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FAB6FE685074FE01" box="[1298,1404,438,464]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; it has the following labels: /Type
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFB87469FE5DFE045706FE24" box="[505,526,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
/ Hewitson Coll. 79–69.
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FC8EFE0556FBFE25" box="[810,1011,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FC8EFE0556F8FE25" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[810,1008,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">Euptychia themis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Butl[er]. 1./
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FB21FE05509BFE25" authority="Butler" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[1157,1427,474,500]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FB21FE05504FFE25" box="[1157,1351,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Euptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
Butler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ B. M. Type No. Rh. 3201
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FE60FE215785FDC9" box="[452,653,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FE60FE215782FDC9" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[452,650,510,536]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">Euptychia themis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFB87469FD32FE2057A3FDC8" box="[662,683,511,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
Butl[er]./ BMNH(E) 982889/; and two others will be added later: /
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFB87469FF04FDFD5407FDED" box="[160,271,546,572]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFB87469FEBAFDFC5486FDEC" box="[286,398,547,573]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FE31FDFD57E3FDED" authority="Butler, 1867" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" box="[405,747,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FE31FDFD575EFDED" box="[405,598,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Euptychia themis</emphasis>
|
||
Butler, 1867
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. T. Zacca det. 2020/.
|
||
<collectionCode id="3D85AE5DFFB87469FC7EFDFC5140FDEC" box="[986,1096,547,573]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFB87469FF63FD9956C4FD1C" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F054B69FFB87469FF63FD995468FDB1" author="Butler, A. G." box="[199,352,582,608]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="250 - 252" refId="ref17852" refString="Butler, A. G. (1870) On new or recently described species of diurnal Lepidoptera. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 6 (71), 250 - 252." type="journal article" year="1870">Butler (1870)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
named
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FE1EFD995789FDB1" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[442,641,582,608]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undina">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FE1EFD995789FDB1" box="[442,641,582,608]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Euptychia undina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a single specimen (
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFB87469FC68FD995139FDB0" box="[972,1073,582,609]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23837608FFB87469FBDBFD9951FAFDB1" box="[1151,1266,582,608]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3AF2A1DFFB87469FAA7FD995040FDB1" box="[1283,1352,582,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–11" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,1106,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-197@6.[151,1435,1080,1861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9–11. Lectotypes and original illustration of species of Vareuptychia stat. rest.: 9. Lectotype of Euptychia similis Butler, 1867 and labels; 10. Lectotype of Euptychia themis Butler, 1870 and labels; 11. Original illustration of Euptychia themis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411415/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
), being part of the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FE11FDB45716FD55" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" baseAuthorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[437,542,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FE11FDB45716FD55" box="[437,542,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see discussion under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FC85FDB4568FFD55" authority="(Butler, 1867)" authorityName="Zacca & Casagrande & Mielke & Huertas & Espeland & Freitas & Willmott & Nakahara & Lamas" authorityYear="2020" box="[801,903,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Vareuptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="similis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FC85FDB4568FFD55" box="[801,903,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">V. similis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and bearing Butler’s distinctive blue label for types. Examination of the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="842F883AFFB87469FDA6FD51576CFD79" box="[514,612,654,680]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FD2FFD5057F2FD79" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[651,762,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undina">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FD2FFD5057F2FD79" box="[651,762,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. undina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="3D85AE5DFFB87469FCEDFD5056BBFD78" box="[841,947,655,681]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
confirmed that this specimen is, in fact,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C944D1BFFB87469FA20FD5055E8FD1D" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euptychia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="themis">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FA20FD5055E8FD1D" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">E. themis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
since it has two silvery pupils in ocellus CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C71034DDFFB87469FD46FD1A57E2FD02" attach="left" box="[738,746,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
|
||
-CuA
|
||
<subScript id="C71034DDFFB87469FC8DFD1A5639FD02" attach="left" box="[809,817,709,723]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</subScript>
|
||
on the VHW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B2B3698FFB87469FF63FD095091FD21" blockId="12.[151,1437,150,753]" box="[199,1433,726,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="69E0EA8AFFB87469FF63FD0954BCFD21" bold="true" box="[199,436,726,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Examined material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFB87469FE1FFD095725FD21" box="[443,557,726,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">339 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFB87469FDC7FD0957E3FD21" box="[611,747,726,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">125 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="4D92FD11FFB87469FD5FFD09569CFD21" box="[763,916,726,752]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
dissected)—see Supporting Information (S2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |