410 lines
45 KiB
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410 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document id="21BA9F821FD2CE382510CB4BFD468BE9" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5477.5.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12733301" ID-ZooBank="5F7FB3F5-BC72-40C3-BB2A-63C4C6F119CA" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1720790623788" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Amorim, Danielle C. De A., Dos Santos Junior, José N. A., Carvalho- Filho, Fernando Da S., Silveira, Orlando T. & Carpenter, James M." docDate="2024" docId="038C1B72FFBAFFC1FF6E5ECC6B66F819" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5477.5.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5477 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5477.5.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Polybia hecuba Richards 1951, stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="547" masterDocId="FFB5630AFFB0FFCBFFF95F5E6942FFD5" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic study of wasp species in the Polybia (Myrapetra) occidentalis group morphologically related to P. scrobalis and P. flavifrons, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)" masterLastPageNumber="562" masterPageNumber="537" pageNumber="547" updateTime="1720791207115" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8B8963244185AB9DC1A73381428278C5">Taxonomic study of wasp species in the Polybia (Myrapetra) occidentalis group morphologically related to P. scrobalis and P. flavifrons, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D91400F84DF5862F43A9997D887A7177">Amorim, Danielle C. De A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B9E92F7FB6FAAAEA75C0DFAF87C628E0">Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-MPEG, Coordenação de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077 - 830, Belém, Pará, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="46649CAED2D9DBEC78E0D66FF0294A2D">Dos Santos Junior, José N. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0F8B9F331EFE29E8B8645966A9871466">Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará-Folha 31, Quadra 07, Lote Especial, s / n. º-Nova Marabá, Marabá-PA, 68507 - 590, São Félix do Xingú, Pará, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2C938A8DC2FC4B9BC28575B0E11DA5FD">Carvalho- Filho, Fernando Da S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E72B11C593A9A859108AFE19FA5432F0">Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-MPEG, Coordenação de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077 - 830, Belém, Pará, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DB45FCEB3DFB91D78EAF2EF2995162CB" type="email">fernandofilho@museu-goeldi.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E5E417ED5AD5E436C32BC9A15B003BA4">Silveira, Orlando T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="399B8FCCE3294D0097882A49F10BBFF4">Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi-MPEG, Coordenação de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia, Avenida Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, CEP: 66077 - 830, Belém, Pará, Brasil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="07661DBDA716FD5C821E36143C0136EC" type="email">orlando@museu-goeldi.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A0E1A4135274BA59C3498431D4C8D111">American Museum of Natural History- 200 Central Park W, New York, NY 10024, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2FF8654A72CBAF76B98DE9AAF707581A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C02B32D7F3182E293D4E71040F76365D">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FF6E5ECC6B54FE79" authority="Richards, 1951" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName=", Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[151,534,402,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecuba" status="stat. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FF6E5ECC6810FE78" bold="true" box="[151,338,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Polybia hecuba</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FEA05ECC6B54FE79" author="Richards, O. W. & Richards, M. J." box="[345,534,402,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" pagination="1 - 169" refId="ref26684" refString="Richards, O. W. & Richards, M. J. (1951) Observations on the social wasps of South America (Hymenoptera Vespidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 102 (1), 1 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1951. tb 01241. x" type="journal article" year="1951">Richards, 1951</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A262CB0DFFBAFFC1FDDA5ECC6BD1FE79" box="[547,659,402,428]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C33FF9EFFFBAFFC1FF6E5EE86882FE04" box="[151,448,438,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9AAA64FFBAFFC1FF6E5EE86882FE04" blockId="10.[151,659,402,465]" box="[151,448,438,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131EB6E1FFBAFFC1FF665EE869A5FE05" box="[159,231,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–8" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1566,1590]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,273,1542]" captionTargetId="figure-54@3.[340,1247,273,1542]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–8. Head, frontal view (females). 1. P. belemensis. 2. P. dimorpha. 3. P. hecuba. 4. P. parvulina. 5. P. platycephala. 6. P. rosalinae sp. nov. 7. P. scrobalis. 8. P. surinama." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733303/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131EB6E1FFBAFFC1FF0D5EE86853FE05" box="[244,273,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–16" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1520,1544]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1496]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[340,1247,181,1496]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 9–16. Habitus, lateral view (females). 9. P. belemensis. 10. P. dimorpha. 11. P. hecuba. 12. P. parvulina. 13. P. platycephala. 14. P. rosalinae sp. nov.15. P. scrobalis. 16. P. surinama." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733305" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733305/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131EB6E1FFBAFFC1FEE45EE86879FE05" box="[285,315,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–24" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,597,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-200@7.[340,1247,597,1913]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17–24. Habitus, dorsal view (females). 17. P. belemensis. 18. P. dimorpha. 19. P. hecuba. 20. P. parvulina. 21. P. platycephala. 22. P. rosalinae sp. nov. 23. P. scrobalis. 24. P. surinama." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733309/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">19</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131EB6E1FFBAFFC1FEBE5EE86827FE05" box="[327,357,438,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–32" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1442,1466]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,181,1418]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[340,1247,181,1418]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 25–32. Head and pronotum, diagonal view (females). 25. P. belemensis. 26. P. dimorpha. 27. P. hecuba. 28. P. parvulina. 29. P. platycephala. 30. P. rosalinae sp. nov. 31. P. scrobalis. 32. P. surinama." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733311" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733311/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131EB6E1FFBAFFC1FE885EE868FAFE04" box="[369,440,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURES 33–36" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1288,1312]" captionTargetBox="[340,1247,633,1265]" captionTargetId="figure-236@12.[340,1247,633,1265]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 33–36. 33–34. Propodeum and first metasomal segment (females); 33. P. hecuba. 34. P. rosalinae sp. nov. 35–36. Occipital-genal margin (females); 35. P. hecuba. 36. P. rosalinae sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733315/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">33, 35</figureCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FF6E5EA56B27FDC6" authority="Richards, 1951: 138" authorityName="Richards" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,613,506,531]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="parvula" subSpecies="hecuba">
|
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<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FF6E5EA568CEFDC6" box="[151,396,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Polybia parvula hecuba</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B4DA039FFBAFFC1FE6A5EA56B27FDC6" box="[403,613,506,531]" collectionCode="NHM" collectorName="Teresopolis, RJ" country="Brazil" location="Theresopolis" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FE6A5EA56B27FDC6" author="Richards, O. W. & Richards, M. J." box="[403,613,506,531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" pagination="1 - 169" refId="ref26684" refString="Richards, O. W. & Richards, M. J. (1951) Observations on the social wasps of South America (Hymenoptera Vespidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 102 (1), 1 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1951. tb 01241. x" type="journal article" year="1951">Richards, 1951: 138</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="549E14C6FFBAFFC1FD965EA56B8FFDC6" box="[623,717,507,531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
<specimenCount id="9D2361EDFFBAFFC1FD2C5EA56BAAFDC7" box="[725,744,507,530]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
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,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FD0C5EA56A77FDC6" box="[757,821,507,531]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="8EFAFCBFFFBAFFC1FCB95EA56A81FDC6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C1B72FFBAFFC1FF6E5ECC6B66F819:8EFAFCBFFFBAFFC1FCB95EA56A81FDC6" box="[832,963,507,531]" country="Brazil" name="Theresopolis" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Theresopolis</location>
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(
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||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FC285EA56D31FDC7" box="[977,1139,507,531]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Teresópolis, RJ</collectorName>
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; not
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<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FB5C5EA56C7EFDC6" box="[1189,1340,507,531]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
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) (NHM), examined.
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<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FF6E5D6668DEFD85" ID-CoL="5KKG2" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,412,568,592]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavifrons" subSpecies="hecuba">
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||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FF6E5D6668DEFD85" box="[151,412,568,592]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Polybia flavifrons hecuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A848C75FFBAFFC1FE505D666B24FD85" author="Richards, O. W." box="[425,614,568,592]" page="40" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FE505D666B24FD85" author="Richards, O. W." box="[425,614,568,592]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refId="ref26791" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards 1978: 40</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 98;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A848C75FFBAFFC1FD6F5D666A3CFD85" author="Valverde, J. P. & Hanson, P. & Carpenter, J." box="[662,894,568,592]" page="4" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" year="2019">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FD6F5D666A3CFD85" author="Valverde, J. P. & Hanson, P. & Carpenter, J." box="[662,894,568,592]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" pagination="174 - 199" refId="ref27333" refString="Valverde, J. P., Hanson, P. & Carpenter, J. (2019) Keys to the Costa Rican species of paper wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae). Revista de Biologia Tropical, 67 (2), 174 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / rbt. v 67 i 2 SUPL. 37229" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Valverde
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FD0F5D676A61FD85" box="[758,803,568,592]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019: 4
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, 10.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33FF9EFFFBAFFC1FF6E5D2069B9FB9D" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AAA64FFBAFFC1FF6E5D20680BFC41" blockId="10.[151,1438,638,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FF6E5D206848FD4D" bold="true" box="[151,266,638,664]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. FEMALE. Fore wing with
|
||
<quantity id="4CDD0781FFBAFFC1FDC65D206BDFFD4C" box="[575,669,638,665]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; head with the occipital margin distinct dorsolaterally, just interrupted behind ocelli, and strong and with distinct edge at sides; gena distinctly wide, equal to eye–width at the level of ocular sinus; clypeus much wider than high (HCLP/WCLP—0.85); eyes with some erect short bristles; pronotal carina faintly indicated, almost absent; body with numerous outstanding short erect bristles; scrobal furrow distinct above and largely obliterated below; first metasomal segment rather short, its length less than height of mesopleuron (LSI / HMP—0.95); mesosoma variably painted with small marks, mostly dark; metasomal terga and sterna 2–6 with narrow yellow distal bands. MALE. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FCF55C086A81FCA5" author="Richards, O. W." box="[780,963,854,880]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refId="ref26791" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gena is narrower and fore and mid coxae yellow beneath.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AAA64FFBAFFC1FF3E5CC069B9FB9D" blockId="10.[151,1438,638,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FF3E5CC068ECFC6D" bold="true" box="[199,430,926,952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Examined material</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4DA039FFBAFFC1FE475CC06A62FBD5" collectingDate="2006-02-04" collectingDateMax="2021-03-26" collectingDateMin="2006-02-04" collectionCode="CBVS" collectorName="Barroso MG Br & Nascimento, M. A. & Silva, M. A. & Silva, M. J. & Silva, M. M. & Barroso MG & Dos Anjos, C. S. & Souza, M. M. & Milani, L. R." country="Brazil" location="Lajinha" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="8" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FE475CC06B6AFC6D" box="[446,552,926,952]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FDCA5CC06B8CFC6D" box="[563,718,926,952]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FD225CC16AD2FC6C" box="[731,912,926,953]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Barroso MG Br</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2361EDFFBAFFC1FC645CC06AFDFC6D" box="[925,959,926,952]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="FF9B8CA4FFBAFFC1FC315CC06D78FC6D" box="[968,1082,926,952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="2006-02-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDF754CFFBAFFC1FC315CC06D78FC6D" box="[968,1082,926,952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="2006-02-04">04.ii.2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FBB35CC06C67FC6D" box="[1098,1317,926,953]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Nascimento, M. A.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FACA5CC069F6FC09" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Silva, M. A.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FF3B5C9C680AFC08" box="[194,328,962,989]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Silva, M. J.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FEAF5C9C68A9FC09" box="[342,491,962,989]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Silva, M. M.</collectorName>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FDFB5C9D6BD2FC09" box="[514,656,962,989]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Barroso MG</collectorName>
|
||
–
|
||
<location id="8EFAFCBFFFBAFFC1FD665C9C6BB5FC09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C1B72FFBAFFC1FF6E5ECC6B66F819:8EFAFCBFFFBAFFC1FD665C9C6BB5FC09" box="[671,759,962,988]" country="Brazil" name="Lajinha" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" stateProvince="Minas Gerais">Lajinha</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2361EDFFBAFFC1FCFD5C9C6A64FC09" box="[772,806,962,988]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="FF9B8CA4FFBAFFC1FCD65C9C6AE9FC09" box="[815,939,962,988]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="2021-03-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDF754CFFBAFFC1FCD65C9C6AE9FC09" box="[815,939,962,988]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="2021-03-26">26.iii.2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, PESP–MG,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2361EDFFBAFFC1FBBA5C9C6D24FC09" box="[1091,1126,962,988]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="FF9B8CA4FFBAFFC1FB965C9C6DAEFC09" box="[1135,1260,962,988]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="2016-03-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDF754CFFBAFFC1FB965C9C6DAEFC09" box="[1135,1260,962,988]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="2016-03-20">20.iii.2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2361EDFFBAFFC1FB005C9C6C59FC09" box="[1273,1307,962,988]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="FF9B8CA4FFBAFFC1FADD5C9C6CDEFC09" box="[1316,1436,962,988]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="2017-11-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDF754CFFBAFFC1FADD5C9C6CDEFC09" box="[1316,1436,962,988]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="2017-11-04">04.xi.2017</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FF665CB86823FBD5" box="[159,353,998,1024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Dos Anjos, C. S.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FE965CB86B4CFBD4" box="[367,526,998,1025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Souza, M. M.</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FDE25CB86BF2FBD5" box="[539,688,998,1025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Milani, L. R.</collectorName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3432A1FFBAFFC1FD335CB86A5BFBD5" box="[714,793,998,1024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">CBVS</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4DA039FFBAFFC1FCD75CB86BD2FBF1" collectingDate="1962-09-28" collectorName="Eug. Lefevre, C & Rabello, L" country="Brazil" location="Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sao Paulo">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FCD75CB86AE1FBD5" box="[814,931,998,1024]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FC565CB96D2BFBD5" box="[943,1129,998,1025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Eug. Lefevre, C</collectorName>
|
||
. Jordão,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2361EDFFBAFFC1FB365CB86DB0FBD5" box="[1231,1266,998,1024]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="FF9B8CA4FFBAFFC1FB035CB86C30FBD5" box="[1274,1394,998,1024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="1962-09-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDF754CFFBAFFC1FB035CB86C30FBD5" box="[1274,1394,998,1024]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" value="1962-09-28">28.ix.1962</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(L. T. F., Papavero,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FEAA5B54688DFBF0" box="[339,463,1034,1061]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Rabello, L</collectorName>
|
||
. Silva, Zanettin)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B4DA039FFBAFFC1FD675B5569B5FB9D" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="B. Matrin" country="Peru" location="Machu Picchu" municipality="Canyon" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FD675B556BA8FBF0" box="[670,746,1035,1061]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFE301EFFBAFFC1FD0F5B546A0FFBF1" box="[758,845,1034,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Canyon</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
base of
|
||
<location id="8EFAFCBFFFBAFFC1FC4B5B546D1AFBF1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C1B72FFBAFFC1FF6E5ECC6B66F819:8EFAFCBFFFBAFFC1FC4B5B546D1AFBF1" box="[946,1112,1034,1060]" country="Peru" municipality="Canyon" name="Machu Picchu" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Machu Picchu</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2361EDFFBAFFC1FB9C5B546DCAFBF1" box="[1125,1160,1034,1060]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
8–10.vii.64 (
|
||
<collectorName id="26D0CFB2FFBAFFC1FADD5B546CD7FBF1" box="[1316,1429,1034,1060]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">B. Matrin</collectorName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3432A1FFBAFFC1FF665B7069ACFB9D" box="[159,238,1070,1096]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33FF9EFFFBAFFC1FF3E5B0C69A5FB61" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AAA64FFBAFFC1FF3E5B0C69A5FB61" blockId="10.[151,1438,638,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FF3E5B0C681BFBB9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1106,1132]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FE915B0C6899FBB9" box="[360,475,1106,1132]" name="Argentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FE115B0D6B5DFBB8" box="[488,543,1107,1133]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FDD55B0C6BDCFBB9" box="[556,670,1106,1132]" name="Colombia" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Colômbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FD525B0C6A69FBB9" box="[683,811,1106,1132]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FCCE5B0C6AECFBB9" box="[823,942,1106,1132]" name="Venezuela" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FC425B0C6D46FBB9" box="[955,1028,1106,1132]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FBE95B0C6DC6FBB9" box="[1040,1156,1106,1132]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FB6B5B0C6D94FBB9" box="[1170,1238,1106,1132]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Distrito Federal,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FF6E5B286999FB45" box="[151,219,1142,1168]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Goiás</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FF1E5B29683EFB45" box="[231,380,1142,1169]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FE7E5B286B63FB45" box="[391,545,1142,1168]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FDD45B286B92FB45" box="[557,720,1142,1168]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FD225B286AC3FB45" box="[731,897,1142,1168]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FC755B286D43FB45" box="[908,1025,1142,1168]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FBF55B286D19FB45" box="[1036,1115,1142,1168]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FB9E5B286C4DFB45" box="[1127,1295,1142,1168]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FAE35B2869A1FB61" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33FF9EFFFBAFFC1FF3E5BE06B66F819" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AAA64FFBAFFC1FF3E5BE06CD5FABD" blockId="10.[151,1438,638,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FF3E5BE06876FB0D" bold="true" box="[199,308,1214,1240]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. In listing the types of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FDC45BE16AF0FB0D" authority=", Richards (1978: 98)" authorityName=", Richards" authorityPageNumber="98" authorityYear="1978" box="[573,946,1214,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavifrons" subSpecies="hecuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FDC45BE16B80FB0D" box="[573,706,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. f. hecuba</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FD295BE06AF0FB0D" author="Richards, O. W." box="[720,946,1214,1240]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refId="ref26791" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978: 98)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mixed the respective locality data between the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E14C6FFBAFFC1FF395BBC6860FB29" box="[192,290,1250,1276]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(Theresopolis) and
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2361EDFFBAFFC1FDF85BBD6BD2FB28" box="[513,656,1251,1277]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
|
||
(Humboldt, Santa Catherina; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FBF05BBC6DA4FB29" author="Richards, O. W. & Richards, M. J." box="[1033,1254,1250,1277]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" pagination="1 - 169" refId="ref26684" refString="Richards, O. W. & Richards, M. J. (1951) Observations on the social wasps of South America (Hymenoptera Vespidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 102 (1), 1 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1951. tb 01241. x" type="journal article" year="1951">Richards 1951: 138</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), saying that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E14C6FFBAFFC1FF6E5A5869BBFAF5" box="[151,249,1286,1312]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was from Theresopolis (= Teresópolis), state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FCE75A586A84FAF5" box="[798,966,1286,1312]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FBC35A586DC0FAF5" box="[1082,1154,1286,1312]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Teresópolis is actually a locality in the “Serra do Mar” in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FD7D5A746A6AFA91" box="[644,808,1322,1348]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, while “Humboldt” is an old name of the city of Corupá, in the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FECF5A10689CFABD" box="[310,478,1358,1384]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
. So, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E14C6FFBAFFC1FDC45A106BDDFABD" box="[573,671,1358,1384]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FD3D5A116A72FABD" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName=", Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[708,816,1358,1384]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FD3D5A116A72FABD" box="[708,816,1358,1384]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. hecuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is from the state of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FBE95A106DF7FABD" box="[1040,1205,1358,1384]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, not
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FB125A106CD1FABD" box="[1259,1427,1358,1384]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AAA64FFBAFFC1FF3E5A2C6B7AF978" blockId="10.[151,1438,638,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FF3E5A2C68EAFA59" author="Richards, O. W." box="[199,424,1394,1420]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refId="ref26791" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978: 98)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
remarked his previous identification mistakes regarding the 1951 type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FAD65A2C69AAFA65" authorityName=", Richards" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="flavifrons" subSpecies="hecuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FAD65A2C69AAFA65" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Polybia f. hecuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
saying “…
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FE945AC86BB7FA65" box="[365,757,1430,1456]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">of the series from which subspecies</emphasis>
|
||
hecuba
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FCA85AC96A55FA01" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
was described, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E14C6FFBAFFC1FBDF5AC86DC4FA65" box="[1062,1158,1430,1456]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and the one from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FAB75AC86CD4FA65" box="[1358,1430,1430,1456]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FF6E5AE569FEFA01" box="[151,188,1467,1492]" country="Brazil" name="Para" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">PR</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Castro belong here, the others are P. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FD695AE46A55FA01" authorityName="Oliver" authorityYear="1791" box="[656,791,1466,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentalis">occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
”. Actually, his 1978 concept of the taxon morphology is very different from that of the 1951 description, which practically only mentioned color pattern, and the shape of the first metasomal tergum to diagnose subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FD2C595C6A64F9C9" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName=", Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[725,806,1538,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FD2C595C6A64F9C9" box="[725,806,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">hecuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FC92595D6AB6F9C9" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1970" box="[875,1012,1538,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvulina">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FC92595D6AB6F9C9" box="[875,1012,1538,1564]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. parvulina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The type examined by O. T. Silveira in the NHM agrees with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FE4959786B24F995" author="Richards, O. W." box="[432,614,1574,1600]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refId="ref26791" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concept,
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FD2A59796BB4F995" box="[723,758,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
with the pronotal carina practically absent, frons and nearly all the body covered by outstanding bristles, color pattern dark with few yellow marks. So, we must assume that the wide geographical distribution reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FD7959306A74F95D" author="Richards, O. W." box="[640,822,1646,1672]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refId="ref26791" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FC9E59306AFAF95D" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName=", Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[871,952,1646,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FC9E59306AFAF95D" box="[871,952,1646,1672]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">hecuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on his more recent concept of the taxon as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FE5259CD6B73F979" authorityName="F. Smith" authorityYear="1857" box="[427,561,1682,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FE5259CD6B73F979" box="[427,561,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. flavifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9AAA64FFBAFFC1FF3E59E96B66F819" blockId="10.[151,1438,638,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
In the present study, we examined ten specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FCC459E86AC3F905" box="[829,897,1718,1744]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FC6B59E86D6EF905" box="[914,1068,1718,1744]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E16486FFBAFFC1FB9F59E86D99F905" box="[1126,1243,1718,1744]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FAE559E96C0DF904" box="[1308,1359,1719,1745]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
which agree with the previously observed
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E14C6FFBAFFC1FDCF59856B24F920" box="[566,614,1755,1781]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen and with the description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FBDF59846DA0F921" author="Richards, O. W." box="[1062,1250,1754,1780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refId="ref26791" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The subspecies described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FED359A0689FF8CC" author="Richards, O. W. & Richards, M. J." box="[298,477,1790,1817]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" pagination="1 - 169" refId="ref26684" refString="Richards, O. W. & Richards, M. J. (1951) Observations on the social wasps of South America (Hymenoptera Vespidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 102 (1), 1 - 169. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1951. tb 01241. x" type="journal article" year="1951">Richards (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and revised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FD7359A06A02F8CD" author="Richards, O. W." box="[650,832,1790,1816]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refId="ref26791" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, especially the forms occurring in central and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FF6E587C6999F8E9" box="[151,219,1826,1852]" name="Brazil" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
forms a coherent taxon, clearly different from
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FD16587D6ACEF8E9" box="[751,908,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">
|
||
P. f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FCDB587C6ACEF8E9" authorityName="F. Smith" authorityYear="1857" box="[802,908,1826,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">flavifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
or
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FC4A587D6D11F8E9" box="[947,1107,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. f. barbatula</emphasis>
|
||
, and we here consider it as a valid species. However, we leave open the question whether all the forms reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB4D795FFBAFFC1FBB358186DBFF8B5" author="Richards, O. W." box="[1098,1277,1862,1888]" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" refId="ref26791" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The social wasps of the Americas excluding the Vespinae. British Museum (Natural History), London, 580 pp." type="book" year="1978">Richards (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from so many places in South America up to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F332EAF4FFBAFFC1FE0D58346B2DF851" box="[500,623,1898,1924]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
indeed are part of a single species. The distribution pattern reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FF6E58D16846F87D" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName=", Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[151,260,1934,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FF6E58D16846F87D" box="[151,260,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. hecuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very different from the other two forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FCFC58D16AC9F87D" authorityName="F. Smith" authorityYear="1857" box="[773,907,1934,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FCFC58D16AC9F87D" box="[773,907,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. flavifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and quite interestingly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C25D1E7FFBAFFC1FB6558D16C4BF87D" authorityName="Richards" authorityYear="1951" baseAuthorityName=", Richards" baseAuthorityYear="1951" box="[1180,1289,1934,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hecuba">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9517676FFBAFFC1FB6558D16C4BF87D" box="[1180,1289,1934,1960]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="547">P. hecuba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been recorded from Brazilian Amazonia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |