311 lines
34 KiB
XML
311 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="8A1CA9EFE331354CC2593CBA361FD024" ID-CLB-Dataset="5854" ID-DOI="10.1206/3846.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5952fb20-23c6-4cd8-bafb-bc3a5f365fb1" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598312" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615481217644" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gunnell, Gregg F., Butler, Percy M., Greenwood, Marjorie & Simmons, Nancy B." docDate="2015" docId="B62087D71433FF8EFE6D896AFBA81041" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2015.3846.1-35.pdf.imf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 2015 (3846)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/3846.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4.6:AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleId="26C3580A17D4BBE58BD8D8AC6AE09AC4" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2010-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Cardioderma leakeyi Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons 2015, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="4A19FFAF1435FF87FFBE8C34FF901477" masterDocTitle="Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="7" updateTime="1698933178730" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AFEE3F5AE52D1D796A314E769E33EF59">
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<mods:title id="1180EC9690F1C66A17D1B250EAF9A9C0">Bats (Chiroptera) from Olduvai Gorge, Early Pleistocene, Bed I (Tanzania)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BBDE7109D9FB1BBED36D2F8C1BDAE9D4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2CEAC930075D6A5000C9E1B6D7E39368">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="308BCDB5EB42804AA376F1A7BA0A7D97">Gunnell, Gregg F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8F4DECBF003712CD7FB5B34E15A43BD0">Percy M. Butler, & Division of Fossil Primates, Duke Lemur Center, Durham, North Carolina, and Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="1104B45ACAC8D22A449634F834182C71">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2FC169F6AB9A8888384A2A9476121B20">Butler, Percy M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AEA328DFC9E2301C6C78E64C8FBDA435">Marjorie Greenwood, & Deceased, formerly Royal Holloway University of London, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0B4B2CF9F138AFF00B17A8BB6D1965FA">Greenwood, Marjorie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E4CAA75E5D79C6B1671450ECDA34F3E2">Deceased, formerly Natural History Museum, London.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="585F25DDB4E2DA0D57EC1686D4890FC3">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B6F91E8F9B33BB1E8A8203D2820C05AB">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="74A76CE3F0145CAF29E5CA3259D96BF9">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8A454F156D714F0745E3AE2B9E86FF8B">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="566D412861F7C37388301AD2C1C5CDBC">2015-12-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B62087D71433FF8EFE6D896AFBA81041" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5056540" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183232301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5056540" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B62087D71433FF8EFE6D896AFBA81041" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B62087D71433FF8EFE6D896AFBA81041" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1433FF81FE6D896AFCFC1100" box="[467,876,1373,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11433FF81FE6D896AFCFC1100" blockId="6.[467,876,1373,1400]" box="[467,876,1373,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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†
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421433FF81FE5C8969FD431100" authority="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons, 2015" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[482,723,1373,1399]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31433FF81FE5C8969FD431100" box="[482,723,1373,1399]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cardioderma leakeyi</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="17CE57A81433FF81FD5C896AFCFC1100" box="[738,876,1373,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1433FF81FDE589A1FD7511C7" box="[603,741,1429,1456]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11433FF81FDE589A1FD7511C7" blockId="6.[603,741,1429,1456]" box="[603,741,1429,1456]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<heading id="657E81AD1433FF81FDE589A1FD7511C7" box="[603,741,1429,1456]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="7">
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441433FF81FDE589A1FD5A11C7" box="[603,714,1429,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[120,206,1226,1247]" captionTargetBox="[123,1219,230,1194]" captionTargetId="figure-172@7.[120,1224,224,1198]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Upper dentition of Cardioderma cor (A) compared with Cardioderma leakeyi, n. sp. (B–D). A, AMNH 184338, palate (photograph). NMT.003/Bat (holotype) left maxilla with P4–M3 in B, C lateral (drawing and photograph of cast, respectively) and D occlusal (drawing) views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598322/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="A6B22A441433FF81FD6989A1FD7511C7" box="[727,741,1429,1456]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[120,206,993,1014]" captionTargetBox="[306,1040,227,946]" captionTargetId="figure-300@8.[288,1055,224,955]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lower dentition of Cardioderma cor (A–B) compared with Cardioderma leakeyi, n. sp. (C). A, AMNH 184338, photograph of right m1–3; B, NHMUK 36.11.4.4, drawing of right m1–3; C, NMT.002/Bat, right m1–3 (drawing on left, photograph of cast on right)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598326/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1433FF81FFC689FBFD2C127E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11433FF81FFC689FBFD121190" blockId="6.[120,700,1487,1545]" box="[120,642,1487,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Megadermidae
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<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301433FF81FEA189FBFDEE1190" author="Butler, P. M. & M. Greenwood" box="[287,638,1487,1511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="14 - 15" refId="ref11913" refString="Butler, P. M., and M. Greenwood 1965. Chiroptera. In L. S. B. Leakey (editor), Olduvai Gorge 1951 - 1961, vol. 1. A preliminary report on the geology and fauna: 14 - 15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press." type="book chapter" year="1965">Butler and Greenwood, 1965: 14</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11433FF81FFC689C5FD2C127E" blockId="6.[120,700,1487,1545]" box="[120,700,1521,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1E9911EF1433FF81FFC689C5FD2C127E" box="[120,700,1521,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421433FF81FFC689C5FE94127E" ID-CoL="62KFZ" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1873" box="[120,260,1521,1545]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31433FF81FFC689C5FE94127E" box="[120,260,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Cardioderma</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D01433FF81FE8B89C5FE4E127E" author="Butler, P. M." box="[309,478,1521,1545]" page="65" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="1978">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301433FF81FE8B89C5FE4E127E" author="Butler, P. M." box="[309,478,1521,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="56 - 68" refId="ref11866" refString="Butler, P. M. 1978. Insectivora and Chiroptera. In V. J. Maglio and H. B. S. Cooke (editors), Evolution of African mammals: 56 - 68. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press." type="book chapter" year="1978">Butler, 1978: 65</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="BF2810D01433FF81FE5489C5FD27127E" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[490,695,1521,1545]" page="586" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" year="2010">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B301433FF81FE5489C5FD27127E" author="Gunnell, G. F." box="[490,695,1521,1545]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="581 - 597" refId="ref12301" refString="Gunnell, G. F. 2010. Chiroptera. In L. Werdelin and W. J. Sanders (editors), Cenozoic Mammals of Africa: 581 - 597. Berkeley: University of California Press." type="book chapter" year="2010">Gunnell, 2010: 586</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1433FF81FF168A1CFBC812FB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11433FF81FF168A1CFDB21210" blockId="6.[120,1224,1575,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<materialsCitation id="8EE13C9C1433FF81FF168A1CFDB21210" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3312923302" collectionCode="NMT" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="E13288631433FF81FF168A1CFEB81235" box="[168,296,1576,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041433FF81FE8B8A1CFEE81235" box="[309,376,1576,1602]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NMT</collectionCode>
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.003/Bat, left maxilla with P4–M3 (fig. 4), from the 1960 Olduvai Collection (see table 2 for measurements).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11433FF81FF168A47FBC812FB" blockId="6.[120,1224,1575,1751]" box="[168,1112,1650,1677]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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REFERRED SPECIMEN:
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<collectionCode id="5898AE041433FF81FE118A46FE6112FB" box="[431,497,1650,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NMT</collectionCode>
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.002/Bat, right dentary with m1–3, FLK NI, Layer 3.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1433FF81FF168AACFBB612A0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11433FF81FF168AACFBB612A0" blockId="6.[120,1224,1575,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ETYMOLOGY: Named in honor of L.S.B. Leakey who was instrumental in initiating and leading the search for vertebrate fossils, especially fossil humans, in East Africa.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="6AF666491432FF80FFC688FEFCF8116C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598322" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598322" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598322/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[120,206,1226,1247]" targetBox="[123,1219,230,1194]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="3E3636C11432FF80FFC688FEFCF8116C" blockId="7.[120,1224,1224,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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FIGURE 4. Upper dentition of
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421432FF80FE0388FCFDF91097" box="[445,617,1224,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31432FF80FE0388FCFDF91097" box="[445,617,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cardioderma cor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(A) compared with
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31432FF80FCFE88FCFB891097" box="[832,1049,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421432FF80FCFE88FCFB851097" authority="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons, 2015" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[832,1045,1224,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi" status="sp. nov.">Cardioderma leakeyi</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="17CE57A81432FF80FB9F88FDFBC91097" box="[1057,1113,1225,1248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(B–D).
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31432FF80FB0E88FCFB581097" bold="true" box="[1200,1224,1224,1248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A,</emphasis>
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AMNH 184338, palate (photograph). NMT.003/Bat (holotype) left maxilla with P4–M3 in
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31432FF80FBB288D2FBA9108A" bold="true" box="[1036,1081,1253,1278]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B, C</emphasis>
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lateral (drawing and photograph of cast, respectively) and
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31432FF80FDF58937FDCE116C" bold="true" box="[587,606,1283,1307]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D</emphasis>
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||
occlusal (drawing) views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1432FF80FF16891BFC2C113E" box="[168,956,1327,1353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11432FF80FF16891BFC2C113E" blockId="7.[120,1225,1327,1764]" box="[168,956,1327,1353]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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||
TYPE LOCALITY:
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<collectingCountry id="469E76511432FF80FECF891BFE4E113E" box="[369,478,1327,1353]" name="Tanzania" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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: Olduvai Gorge, Bed I, FLK NI, Layer 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7693654A1432FF80FF168960FC681274" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11432FF80FF168960FC681274" blockId="7.[120,1225,1327,1764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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DIAGNOSIS: Differs from extant
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<taxonomicName id="F9894D421432FF80FD958960FD631119" box="[555,755,1364,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
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<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31432FF80FD958960FD631119" box="[555,755,1364,1390]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cardioderma cor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in averaging 18%–20% larger in tooth dimensions; P4 with relatively larger parastyle and metastyle and better developed labial cingulum; M1–2 with relatively more robust mesostyle, deeper parafossa and metafossa, and deeper trigon basin; less reduced M3/m3; m1 and m2 with relatively broader talonid basin and more robust metaconid; m3 with broader trigonid and less reduced talonid.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7693654A1432FF8FFF168A3BFC531258" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C11432FF8FFF168A3BFC06115E" blockId="7.[120,1225,1327,1764]" lastBlockId="8.[120,1225,1108,1769]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
DESCRIPTION AND COMPARISONS: The specimens referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421432FF80FC3E8A3BFBE3125E" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[896,1139,1551,1577]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31432FF80FC3E8A3BFBE3125E" box="[896,1139,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cardioderma leakeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be recognized as megadermatids based on the robust nature of the cusps and crests on upper and lower cheek teeth, the large hypocone shelves and the narrow and labiolingually restricted protofossae on M1–2, the broadly open trigonid on m1 and the high and short lower molar talonids. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="E13288631432FF80FEA78A90FE1012C9" box="[281,384,1700,1726]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
maxilla (NMT.003/Bat, fig. 4) has a maxillary foramen that opens over the anterior root of P4 as in the extant species of
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD31432FF80FD6F8AFDFC511294" box="[721,961,1737,1764]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421432FF80FD6F8AFDFCFD1294" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1873" box="[721,877,1737,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cardioderma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D421432FF80FCC58AFEFC511294" box="[891,961,1738,1764]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">C. cor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. There is a secondary and smaller foramen that opens more ventrally on the maxilla over the posterior root of P4 (this foramen is slightly more posteriorly placed in the extant species). In lateral view, the anterior labial root of M1 is exposed through the bony surface of the maxilla, as is often the case in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFF6D88F0FE8910A9" box="[211,281,1220,1246]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFF6D88F0FE8910A9" box="[211,281,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. cor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The root of the zygomatic arch is dorsal to M2 as in the living form, but it is much more robust in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFEC188DEFE621174" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[383,498,1257,1284]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFEC188DEFE621174" box="[383,498,1257,1284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. leakeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as is the anterior orbital process. The optical foramen is the same size and in the same position in both species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFD4B893BFC1F115E" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1873" box="[757,911,1295,1321]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFD4B893BFC1F115E" box="[757,911,1295,1321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cardioderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6AF66649143DFF8FFFC68FD5FD5A1045" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598326" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598326/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[120,206,993,1014]" targetBox="[306,1040,227,946]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1143DFF8FFFC68FD5FD5A1045" blockId="8.[120,1224,991,1074]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
FIGURE 5. Lower dentition of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFE038FEBFDF91780" box="[445,617,991,1015]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFE038FEBFDF91780" box="[445,617,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cardioderma cor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A–B) compared with
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFCE38FEBFBA61780" box="[861,1078,991,1015]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFCE38FEBFBA21780" authority="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons, 2015" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[861,1074,991,1015]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi" status="sp. nov.">Cardioderma leakeyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="17CE57A8143DFF8FFB808FD4FBE71780" box="[1086,1143,992,1015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(C).
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFB0E8FEBFB581780" bold="true" box="[1200,1224,991,1015]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A,</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH 184338, photograph of right m1–3;
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFD848FC9FDC01062" bold="true" box="[570,592,1021,1045]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B,</emphasis>
|
||
NHMUK 36.11.4.4, drawing of right m1–3;
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFBA78FC8FBA01063" bold="true" box="[1049,1072,1020,1044]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C,</emphasis>
|
||
NMT.002/Bat, right m1–3 (drawing on left, photograph of cast on right).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1143DFF8FFF168900FC531258" blockId="8.[120,1225,1108,1769]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The P4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFEA48900FD951139" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[282,517,1332,1358]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFEA48900FD951139" box="[282,517,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cardioderma leakeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a robust paracone, relatively large parastyle and metastyle, and a relatively heavy labial cingulum. The lingual cingulum is relatively broad anteroposteriorly and extends lingually farther than is seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFDCC894BFD2311EE" box="[626,691,1407,1433]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFDCC894BFD2311EE" box="[626,691,1407,1433]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. cor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. M1–2 each have a prominent hypocone shelf, an anteroposteriorly narrow but labiolingually extended and deep protofossa, a robust mesostyle, and parastylar and metastylar foveae that are nearly equivalent in size (whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFBEA89FEFB0A1194" box="[1108,1178,1482,1508]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFBEA89FEFB0A1194" box="[1108,1178,1482,1508]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. cor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the metastylar fovea is typically larger). M3 has a relatively robust parastyle and a labiolingually short lingual shelf and is less anteroposteriorly compressed than seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFCC78A21FC2B1259" box="[889,955,1557,1583]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFCC78A21FC2B1259" box="[889,955,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. cor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A143DFF8EFF168A0DFC8117B1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1143DFF8EFF168A0DFC8117B1" blockId="8.[120,1225,1108,1769]" lastBlockId="9.[120,1224,753,1079]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The horizontal ramus of the dentary (NMT.002/Bat) is relatively deep in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFB938A0DFF58120E" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFB938A0DFF58120E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cardioderma leakeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.0 mm beneath m1) compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFDC88A6BFD2A120E" box="[630,698,1631,1657]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFDC88A6BFD2A120E" box="[630,698,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. cor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2.0 mm below m1). The lower molars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFB118A6BFF5812E9" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFB118A6BFF5812E9" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. leakeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 5) are all quite similar to those of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFD5A8AB1FCB812E9" box="[740,808,1669,1695]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFD5A8AB1FCB812E9" box="[740,808,1669,1695]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. cor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The m1 is broken anteriorly, making it impossible to tell whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFE4B8A9EFDF612B4" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[501,614,1705,1732]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFE4B8A9EFDF612B4" box="[501,614,1705,1732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. leakeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had a small, low, and centered paraconid as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFFC68AFBFF2B129E" box="[120,187,1743,1769]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFFC68AFBFF2B129E" box="[120,187,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. cor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All three lower molars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143DFF8FFE4E8AFBFDCF129E" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" box="[496,607,1743,1769]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leakeyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143DFF8FFE4E8AFBFDCF129E" box="[496,607,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. leakeyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a prominent protoconid and a somewhat lower, but distinct, metaconid. Lower m2 and m3 have distinct paraconids that are placed somewhat lower than the metaconids. The hypoflexid is deep and the cristid obliqua is angled and joins the postvallid of the trigonid well lingual of center on all molar teeth. The hypoconid on m1–2 is distinct, but it is less so on m3; the entoconid is distinct only on m1. Molar talonids are broader than those seen in
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143CFF8EFE058FB3FD9417D6" box="[443,516,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143CFF8EFE058FB3FD9017D6" box="[443,512,903,929]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cor">C. cor</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but the talonid is not as broad as the trigonid on any tooth. All molars have moderate and complete labial cingulids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="6AF66649143CFF8EFFC68E96FCE616A2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4598328" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4598328" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4598328/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[120,206,674,695]" targetBox="[477,867,227,647]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1143CFF8EFFC68E96FCE616A2" blockId="9.[120,1224,672,726]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
FIGURE 6. Left lower dentitions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143CFF8EFE588E95FDD416CF" box="[486,580,673,696]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143CFF8EFE588E95FDD416CF" box="[486,580,673,696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Scotoecus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in occlusal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143CFF8EFD478E94FC8116CF" bold="true" box="[761,785,672,696]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143CFF8EFCA78E95FC0916CF" box="[793,921,672,696]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albofuscus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143CFF8EFCA78E95FC0916CF" box="[793,921,672,696]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. albofuscus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 241054);
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143CFF8EFBE38E94FBE316CF" bold="true" box="[1117,1139,672,696]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B,</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143CFF8EFBC58E95FF2916A2" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143CFF8EFBC58E95FF2516A2" authority="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons, 2015" authorityName="Gunnell & Butler & Greenwood & Simmons" authorityYear="2015" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olduvensis" status="sp. nov.">S. olduvensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="17CE57A8143CFF8EFF7E8E8AFF6616A2" box="[192,246,702,725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(NMT.004/Bat, Holotype, cast);
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143CFF8EFDFD8E89FDCB16A2" bold="true" box="[579,603,701,725]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143CFF8EFDDC8E8AFD2916A1" box="[610,697,702,726]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Scotoecus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hindei">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143CFF8EFDDC8E8AFD2916A1" box="[610,697,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. hindei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 241055).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7693654A143CFF8EFF168FE5FBA81041" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E3636C1143CFF8EFF168FE5FBA81041" blockId="9.[120,1224,753,1079]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The only other published record of a fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9894D42143CFF8EFD168FE5FCD2179C" ID-CoL="62KFZ" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1873" box="[680,834,977,1003]" class="Mammalia" family="Megadermatidae" genus="Cardioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0CFDEAD3143CFF8EFD168FE5FCD2179C" box="[680,834,977,1003]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cardioderma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5A184B30143CFF8EFC138FE5FB36179B" author="Louchart, A." box="[941,1190,977,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="66" refId="ref12985" refString="Louchart, A., et al. 2009. Taphonomic, avian, and small-vertebrate indicators of Ardipithecus ramidus habitat. Science 326: 66. [doi 10.1126 / science. 1175823]" type="journal article" year="2009">Louchart et al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is from the early Pliocene in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="469E7651143CFF8EFE178FC3FD9E1066" box="[425,526,1015,1041]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, the material upon which that assignment is based has never been described or figured making comparisons impossible at this time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |